301
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Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Adeyemo B, Gilmore AW, Nelson SM, Dosenbach NUF, Petersen SE. Individual-specific features of brain systems identified with resting state functional correlations. Neuroimage 2017; 146:918-939. [PMID: 27640749 PMCID: PMC5321842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has made important advances in describing the large-scale systems-level organization of human cortex by analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data averaged across groups of subjects. However, new findings have emerged suggesting that individuals' cortical systems are topologically complex, containing small but reliable features that cannot be observed in group-averaged datasets, due in part to variability in the position of such features along the cortical sheet. This previous work has reported only specific examples of these individual-specific system features; to date, such features have not been comprehensively described. Here we used fMRI to identify cortical system features in individual subjects within three large cross-subject datasets and one highly sampled within-subject dataset. We observed system features that have not been previously characterized, but 1) were reliably detected across many scanning sessions within a single individual, and 2) could be matched across many individuals. In total, we identified forty-three system features that did not match group-average systems, but that replicated across three independent datasets. We described the size and spatial distribution of each non-group feature. We further observed that some individuals were missing specific system features, suggesting individual differences in the system membership of cortical regions. Finally, we found that individual-specific system features could be used to increase subject-to-subject similarity. Together, this work identifies individual-specific features of human brain systems, thus providing a catalog of previously unobserved brain system features and laying the foundation for detailed examinations of brain connectivity in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Babatunde Adeyemo
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian W Gilmore
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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302
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Huntenburg JM, Bazin PL, Goulas A, Tardif CL, Villringer A, Margulies DS. A Systematic Relationship Between Functional Connectivity and Intracortical Myelin in the Human Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:981-997. [PMID: 28184415 PMCID: PMC5390400 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the macaque monkey suggests that cortical areas with similar microstructure are more likely to be connected. Here, we examine this link in the human cerebral cortex using 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures: quantitative T1 maps, which are sensitive to intracortical myelin content and provide an in vivo proxy for cortical microstructure, and resting-state functional connectivity. Using ultrahigh-resolution MRI at 7 T and dedicated image processing tools, we demonstrate a systematic relationship between T1-based intracortical myelin content and functional connectivity. This effect is independent of the proximity of areas. We employ nonlinear dimensionality reduction to characterize connectivity components and identify specific aspects of functional connectivity that are linked to myelin content. Our results reveal a consistent spatial pattern throughout different analytic approaches. While functional connectivity and myelin content are closely linked in unimodal areas, the correspondence is lower in transmodal areas, especially in posteromedial cortex and the angular gyrus. Our findings are in agreement with comprehensive reports linking histologically assessed microstructure and connectivity in different mammalian species and extend them to the human cerebral cortex in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Huntenburg
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy and Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandros Goulas
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine L. Tardif
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University 6875, Montreal, QC, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy and Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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303
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Lin FH, Polimeni JR, Lin JFL, Tsai KWK, Chu YH, Wu PY, Li YT, Hsu YC, Tsai SY, Kuo WJ. Relative latency and temporal variability of hemodynamic responses at the human primary visual cortex. Neuroimage 2017; 164:194-201. [PMID: 28119135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) signal is a robust surrogate for local neuronal activity. However, it has been shown to vary substantially across subjects, brain regions, and repetitive measurements. This variability represents a limit to the precision of the BOLD response and the ability to reliably discriminate brain hemodynamic responses elicited by external stimuli or behavior that are nearby in time. While the temporal variability of the BOLD signal at human visual cortex has been found in the range of a few hundreds of milliseconds, the spatial distributions of the average and standard deviation of this temporal variability have not been quantitatively characterized. Here we use fMRI measurements with a high sampling rate (10Hz) to map the latency, intra- and inter-subject variability of the evoked BOLD signal in human primary (V1) visual cortices using an event-related fMRI paradigm. The latency relative to the average BOLD signal evoked by 30 stimuli was estimated to be 0.03±0.20s. Within V1, the absolute value of the relative BOLD latency was found correlated to intra- and inter-subject temporal variability. After comparing these measures to retinotopic maps, we found that locations with V1 areas sensitive to smaller eccentricity have later responses and smaller inter-subject variabilities. These correlations were found from data with either short inter-stimulus interval (ISI; average 4s) or long ISI (average 30s). Maps of the relative latency as well as inter-/intra-subject variability were found visually asymmetric between hemispheres. Our results suggest that the latency and variability of regional BOLD signal measured with high spatiotemporal resolution may be used to detect regional differences in hemodynamics to inform fMRI studies. However, the physiological origins of timing index distributions and their hemispheric asymmetry remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jo-Fu Lotus Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kevin W-K Tsai
- Aim for the Top University Project Office, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Yeh Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tien Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nung Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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304
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Millington RS, James-Galton M, Maia Da Silva MN, Plant GT, Bridge H. Lateralized occipital degeneration in posterior cortical atrophy predicts visual field deficits. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:242-249. [PMID: 28180083 PMCID: PMC5288489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease, leads to high-level visual deficits such as alexia or agnosia. Visual field deficits have also been identified, but often inconsistently reported. Little is known about the pattern of visual field deficits or the underlying cortical changes leading to this visual loss. Methods Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate differences in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, white matter microstructure and functional activity in patients with PCA compared to age-matched controls. Additional analyses investigated hemispheric asymmetries in these metrics according to the visual field most affected by the disease. Results Analysis of structural data indicated considerable loss of gray matter in the occipital and parietal cortices, lateralized to the hemisphere contralateral to the visual loss. This lateralized pattern of gray matter loss was also evident in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed considerable effects of PCA on white matter microstructure in the occipital cortex, and in the corpus callosum. The change in white matter was only lateralized in the occipital lobe, however, with greatest change in the optic radiation contralateral to the visual field deficit. Indeed, there was a significant correlation between the laterality of the optic radiation microstructure and visual field loss. Conclusions Detailed brain imaging shows that the asymmetric visual field deficits in patients with PCA reflect the pattern of degeneration of both white and gray matter in the occipital lobe. Understanding the nature of both visual field deficits and the neurodegenerative brain changes in PCA may improve diagnosis and understanding of this disease. Patients with posterior cortical atrophy show asymmetric visual field deficits manifesting as hemianopia. Both gray and white matter show lateralized degeneration corresponding to the most affected visual field. Laterality of microstructure in the optic radiation correlates with visual field loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Millington
- Oxford Centre for fMRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Gordon T Plant
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Holly Bridge
- Oxford Centre for fMRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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305
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Weiner KS, Barnett MA, Lorenz S, Caspers J, Stigliani A, Amunts K, Zilles K, Fischl B, Grill-Spector K. The Cytoarchitecture of Domain-specific Regions in Human High-level Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:146-161. [PMID: 27909003 PMCID: PMC5939223 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental hypothesis in neuroscience proposes that underlying cellular architecture (cytoarchitecture) contributes to the functionality of a brain area. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) that contains domain-specific regions causally involved in perception. To fill this gap in knowledge, we used cortex-based alignment to register functional regions from living participants to cytoarchitectonic areas in ex vivo brains. This novel approach reveals 3 findings. First, there is a consistent relationship between domain-specific regions and cytoarchitectonic areas: each functional region is largely restricted to 1 cytoarchitectonic area. Second, extracting cytoarchitectonic profiles from face- and place-selective regions after back-projecting each region to 20-μm thick histological sections indicates that cytoarchitectonic properties distinguish these regions from each other. Third, some cytoarchitectonic areas contain more than 1 domain-specific region. For example, face-, body-, and character-selective regions are located within the same cytoarchitectonic area. We summarize these findings with a parsimonious hypothesis incorporating how cellular properties may contribute to functional specialization in human VTC. Specifically, we link computational principles to correlated axes of functional and cytoarchitectonic segregation in human VTC, in which parallel processing across domains occurs along a lateral-medial axis while transformations of information within domain occur along an anterior-posterior axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Simon Lorenz
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty,University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Stigliani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT EECS/HST, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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306
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Parker Jones O, Voets NL, Adcock JE, Stacey R, Jbabdi S. Resting connectivity predicts task activation in pre-surgical populations. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 13:378-385. [PMID: 28123949 PMCID: PMC5222953 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Injury and disease affect neural processing and increase individual variations in patients when compared with healthy controls. Understanding this increased variability is critical for identifying the anatomical location of eloquent brain areas for pre-surgical planning. Here we show that precise and reliable language maps can be inferred in patient populations from resting scans of idle brain activity. We trained a predictive model on pairs of resting-state and task-evoked data and tested it to predict activation of unseen patients and healthy controls based on their resting-state data alone. A well-validated language task (category fluency) was used in acquiring the task-evoked fMRI data. Although patients showed greater variation in their actual language maps, our models successfully learned variations in both patient and control responses from the individual resting-connectivity features. Importantly, we further demonstrate that a model trained exclusively on the more-homogenous control group can be used to predict task activations in patients. These results are the first to show that resting connectivity robustly predicts individual differences in neural response in cases of pathological variability. A method for identifying eloquent areas in the brain from resting fMRI is proposed. It uses supervised learning to predict task contrasts from resting connectivity. Good predictions were obtained in controls and in pre-surgical patient populations. Patient diagnoses included epilepsy, tumours, and vascular lesions. Language maps in patients could be predicted from models trained on controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Parker Jones
- FMRIB Centre, NDCN, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - N L Voets
- FMRIB Centre, NDCN, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NDCN, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - J E Adcock
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NDCN, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - R Stacey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - S Jbabdi
- FMRIB Centre, NDCN, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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307
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High-resolution fMRI investigations of the fingertip somatotopy and variability in BA3b and BA1 of the primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroscience 2016; 339:667-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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308
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Spatiotopic updating across saccades revealed by spatially-specific fMRI adaptation. Neuroimage 2016; 147:339-345. [PMID: 27913216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain representations of visual space are predominantly eye-centred (retinotopic) yet our experience of the world is largely world-centred (spatiotopic). A long-standing question is how the brain creates continuity between these reference frames across successive eye movements (saccades). Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address whether spatially specific repetition suppression (RS) is evident during trans-saccadic perception. We presented two successive Gabor patches (S1 and S2) in either the upper or lower visual field, left or right of fixation. Spatial congruency was manipulated by having S1 and S2 occur in the same or different upper/lower visual field. On half the trials, a saccade was cued between S1 and S2, placing spatiotopic and retinotopic reference frames in opposition. Equivalent RS was observed in the posterior parietal cortex and frontal eye fields when S1-S2 were spatiotopically congruent, irrespective of whether retinotopic and spatiotopic coordinates were in accord or were placed in opposition by a saccade. Additionally the post-saccadic response to S2 demonstrated spatially-specific RS in retinotopic visual regions, with stronger RS in extrastriate than striate cortex. Collectively, these results are consistent with a robust trans-saccadic spatial updating mechanism for object position that directly influences even the earliest levels of visual processing.
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309
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Zhang T, Razavi MJ, Li X, Chen H, Liu T, Wang X. Mechanism of Consistent Gyrus Formation: an Experimental and Computational Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37272. [PMID: 27853245 PMCID: PMC5112531 DOI: 10.1038/srep37272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a significant type of cerebral cortical convolution pattern, the gyrus is widely preserved across species. Although many hypotheses have been proposed to study the underlying mechanisms of gyrus formation, it is currently still far from clear which factors contribute to the regulation of consistent gyrus formation. In this paper, we employ a joint analysis scheme of experimental data and computational modeling to investigate the fundamental mechanism of gyrus formation. Experimental data on mature human brains and fetal brains show that thicker cortices are consistently found in gyral regions and gyral cortices have higher growth rates. We hypothesize that gyral convolution patterns might stem from heterogeneous regional growth in the cortex. Our computational simulations show that gyral convex patterns may occur in locations where the cortical plate grows faster than the cortex of the brain. Global differential growth can only produce a random gyrification pattern, but it cannot guarantee gyrus formation at certain locations. Based on extensive computational modeling and simulations, it is suggested that a special area in the cerebral cortex with a relatively faster growth speed could consistently engender gyri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- Brain Decoding Research Center and School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, China.,Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mir Jalil Razavi
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Brain Decoding Research Center and School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, China
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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310
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Bastiani M, Oros-Peusquens AM, Seehaus A, Brenner D, Möllenhoff K, Celik A, Felder J, Bratzke H, Shah NJ, Galuske R, Goebel R, Roebroeck A. Automatic Segmentation of Human Cortical Layer-Complexes and Architectural Areas Using Ex vivo Diffusion MRI and Its Validation. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:487. [PMID: 27891069 PMCID: PMC5102896 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several magnetic resonance imaging contrast mechanisms have been shown to distinguish cortical substructure corresponding to selected cortical layers. Here, we investigate cortical layer and area differentiation by automatized unsupervised clustering of high-resolution diffusion MRI data. Several groups of adjacent layers could be distinguished in human primary motor and premotor cortex. We then used the signature of diffusion MRI signals along cortical depth as a criterion to detect area boundaries and find borders at which the signature changes abruptly. We validate our clustering results by histological analysis of the same tissue. These results confirm earlier studies which show that diffusion MRI can probe layer-specific intracortical fiber organization and, moreover, suggests that it contains enough information to automatically classify architecturally distinct cortical areas. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the automatic clustering approach and its appeal for MR-based cortical histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bastiani
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4)Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Arne Seehaus
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Biology, TU DarmstadtDarmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Brenner
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4) Jülich, Germany
| | - Klaus Möllenhoff
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4) Jülich, Germany
| | - Avdo Celik
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4) Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Felder
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4) Jülich, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Bratzke
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4)Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Galuske
- Department of Biology, TU Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neuroimaging and Neuromodeling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience - KNAWAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
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311
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Beaudet A, Dumoncel J, de Beer F, Duployer B, Durrleman S, Gilissen E, Hoffman J, Tenailleau C, Thackeray JF, Braga J. Morphoarchitectural variation in South African fossil cercopithecoid endocasts. J Hum Evol 2016; 101:65-78. [PMID: 27886811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of well-preserved crania and natural endocasts in the South African Plio-Pleistocene cercopithecoid record, which provide direct information relevant to the evolution of their endocranial characteristics, few studies have attempted to characterize patterns of external brain morphology in this highly successful primate Superfamily. The availability of non-destructive penetrating radiation imaging systems, together with recently developed computer-based analytical tools, allow for high resolution virtual imaging and modeling of the endocranial casts and thus disclose new perspectives in comparative paleoneurology. Here, we use X-ray microtomographic-based 3D virtual imaging and quantitative analyses to investigate the endocranial organization of 14 cercopithecoid specimens from the South African sites of Makapansgat, Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Taung. We present the first detailed comparative description of the external neuroanatomies that characterize these Plio-Pleistocene primates. Along with reconstruction of endocranial volumes, we combine a semi-automatic technique for extracting the neocortical sulcal pattern together with a landmark-free surface deformation method to investigate topographic differences in morphostructural organization. Besides providing and comparing for the first time endocranial volume estimates of extinct Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoid taxa, we report additional information regarding the variation in the sulcal pattern of Theropithecus oswaldi subspecies, and notably of the central sulcus, and the neuroanatomical condition of the colobine taxon Cercopithecoides williamsi, suggested to be similar for some aspects to the papionin pattern, and discuss potential phylogenetic and taxonomic implications. Further research in virtual paleoneurology, applied to specimens from a wider geographic area, is needed to clarify the polarity, intensity, and timing of cortical surface evolution in cercopithecoid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Beaudet
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
| | - Jean Dumoncel
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, UMR 5505 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Frikkie de Beer
- Radiation Science Department, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Duployer
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, UMR 5085 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stanley Durrleman
- Aramis Team, INRIA Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jakobus Hoffman
- Radiation Science Department, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Christophe Tenailleau
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, UMR 5085 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - John Francis Thackeray
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - José Braga
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
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312
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Li X, Chen H, Zhang T, Yu X, Jiang X, Li K, Li L, Razavi MJ, Wang X, Hu X, Han J, Guo L, Hu X, Liu T. Commonly preserved and species-specific gyral folding patterns across primate brains. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2127-2141. [PMID: 27796591 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cortical folding pattern analysis is very important to understand brain organization and development. Since previous studies mostly focus on human brain cortex, the regularity and variability of cortical folding patterns across primate brains (macaques, chimpanzees and human) remain largely unknown. This paper presents a novel computational framework to identify common or unique gyral folding patterns in macaque, chimpanzee and human brains using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We quantitatively characterize gyral folding patterns via hinge numbers with cortical surfaces constructed from MRI data, and identify 6 common three-hinge gyral folds that exhibit consistent anatomical locations across these three species as well as 2 unique three hinges in macaque, 6 ones in chimpanzee and 14 ones in human. A novel morphology descriptor is then applied to classify three-hinge gyral folds, and the increasing complexity is identified among the species analyzed. This study may provide novel insights into the regularity and variability of the cerebral cortex from developmental perspective and may potentially facilitate novel neuroimage analyses such as cortical parcellation with correspondences across species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Brain Decoding Research Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kaiming Li
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, GA, USA.,West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longchuan Li
- Marcus Autism Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mir Jalil Razavi
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xintao Hu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, GA, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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313
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Abstract
Oscillatory neural dynamics play an important role in the coordination of large-scale brain networks. High-level cognitive processes depend on dynamics evolving over hundreds of milliseconds, so measuring neural activity in this frequency range is important for cognitive neuroscience. However, current noninvasive neuroimaging methods are not able to precisely localize oscillatory neural activity above 0.2 Hz. Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography have limited spatial resolution, whereas fMRI has limited temporal resolution because it measures vascular responses rather than directly recording neural activity. We hypothesized that the recent development of fast fMRI techniques, combined with the extra sensitivity afforded by ultra-high-field systems, could enable precise localization of neural oscillations. We tested whether fMRI can detect neural oscillations using human visual cortex as a model system. We detected small oscillatory fMRI signals in response to stimuli oscillating at up to 0.75 Hz within single scan sessions, and these responses were an order of magnitude larger than predicted by canonical linear models. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI and simulations based on a biophysical model of the hemodynamic response to neuronal activity suggested that the blood oxygen level-dependent response becomes faster for rapidly varying stimuli, enabling the detection of higher frequencies than expected. Accounting for phase delays across voxels further improved detection, demonstrating that identifying vascular delays will be of increasing importance with higher-frequency activity. These results challenge the assumption that the hemodynamic response is slow, and demonstrate that fMRI has the potential to map neural oscillations directly throughout the brain.
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314
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Attention reorganizes connectivity across networks in a frequency specific manner. Neuroimage 2016; 144:217-226. [PMID: 27732887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention allows our brain to focus its limited resources on a given task. It does so by selective modulation of neural activity and of functional connectivity (FC) across brain-wide networks. While there is extensive literature on activity changes, surprisingly few studies examined brain-wide FC modulations that can be cleanly attributed to attention compared to matched visual processing. In contrast to prior approaches, we used an ultra-long trial design that avoided transients from trial onsets, included slow fluctuations (<0.1Hz) that carry important information on FC, and allowed for frequency-segregated analyses. We found that FC derived from long blocks had a nearly two-fold higher gain compared to FC derived from traditional (short) block designs. Second, attention enhanced intrinsic (negative or positive) correlations across networks, such as between the default-mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN), and the visual system (VIS). In contrast attention de-correlated the intrinsically correlated visual regions. Third, the de-correlation within VIS was driven primarily by high frequencies, whereas the increase in DAN-VIS predominantly by low frequencies. These results pinpoint two fundamentally distinct effects of attention on connectivity. Information flow increases between distinct large-scale networks, and de-correlation within sensory cortex indicates decreased redundancy.
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315
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Bayram A, Karahan E, Bilgiç B, Ademoglu A, Demiralp T. Achromatic temporal-frequency responses of human lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex. Vision Res 2016; 127:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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316
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Reliable individual-level neural markers of high-level language processing: A necessary precursor for relating neural variability to behavioral and genetic variability. Neuroimage 2016; 139:74-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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317
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Mangin JF, Lebenberg J, Lefranc S, Labra N, Auzias G, Labit M, Guevara M, Mohlberg H, Roca P, Guevara P, Dubois J, Leroy F, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Cachia A, Dickscheid T, Coulon O, Poupon C, Rivière D, Amunts K, Sun Z. Spatial normalization of brain images and beyond. Med Image Anal 2016; 33:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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318
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Golan T, Davidesco I, Meshulam M, Groppe DM, Mégevand P, Yeagle EM, Goldfinger MS, Harel M, Melloni L, Schroeder CE, Deouell LY, Mehta AD, Malach R. Human intracranial recordings link suppressed transients rather than 'filling-in' to perceptual continuity across blinks. eLife 2016; 5:e17243. [PMID: 27685352 PMCID: PMC5102580 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We hardly notice our eye blinks, yet an externally generated retinal interruption of a similar duration is perceptually salient. We examined the neural correlates of this perceptual distinction using intracranially measured ECoG signals from the human visual cortex in 14 patients. In early visual areas (V1 and V2), the disappearance of the stimulus due to either invisible blinks or salient blank video frames ('gaps') led to a similar drop in activity level, followed by a positive overshoot beyond baseline, triggered by stimulus reappearance. Ascending the visual hierarchy, the reappearance-related overshoot gradually subsided for blinks but not for gaps. By contrast, the disappearance-related drop did not follow the perceptual distinction - it was actually slightly more pronounced for blinks than for gaps. These findings suggest that blinks' limited visibility compared with gaps is correlated with suppression of blink-related visual activity transients, rather than with "filling-in" of the occluded content during blinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Golan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Davidesco
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Meir Meshulam
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David M Groppe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, United States
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States
| | - Pierre Mégevand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, United States
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States
| | - Erin M Yeagle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, United States
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States
| | - Matthew S Goldfinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, United States
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucia Melloni
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, United States
| | - Leon Y Deouell
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, United States
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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319
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Shi J, Zhang W, Tang M, Caselli RJ, Wang Y. Conformal invariants for multiply connected surfaces: Application to landmark curve-based brain morphometry analysis. Med Image Anal 2016; 35:517-529. [PMID: 27639215 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Landmark curves were widely adopted in neuroimaging research for surface correspondence computation and quantified morphometry analysis. However, most of the landmark based morphometry studies only focused on landmark curve shape difference. Here we propose to compute a set of conformal invariant-based shape indices, which are associated with the landmark curve induced boundary lengths in the hyperbolic parameter domain. Such shape indices may be used to identify which surfaces are conformally equivalent and further quantitatively measure surface deformation. With the surface Ricci flow method, we can conformally map a multiply connected surface to the Poincaré disk. Our algorithm provides a stable method to compute the shape index values in the 2D (Poincaré Disk) parameter domain. The proposed shape indices are succinct, intrinsic and informative. Experimental results with synthetic data and 3D MRI data demonstrate that our method is invariant under isometric transformations and able to detect brain surface abnormalities. We also applied the new shape indices to analyze brain morphometry abnormalities associated with Alzheimer' s disease (AD). We studied the baseline MRI scans of a set of healthy control and AD patients from the Alzheimer' s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI: 30 healthy control subjects vs. 30 AD patients). Although the lengths of the landmarks in Euclidean space, cortical surface area, and volume features did not differ between the two groups, our conformal invariant based shape indices revealed significant differences by Hotelling' s T2 test. The novel conformal invariant shape indices may offer a new sensitive biomarker and enrich our brain imaging analysis toolset for studying diagnosis and prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, P.O. Box 878809, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, P.O. Box 878809, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, P.O. Box 878809, USA
| | | | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, P.O. Box 878809, USA.
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320
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Glasser MF, Smith SM, Marcus DS, Andersson J, Auerbach EJ, Behrens TEJ, Coalson TS, Harms MP, Jenkinson M, Moeller S, Robinson EC, Sotiropoulos SN, Xu J, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K, Van Essen DC. The Human Connectome Project's neuroimaging approach. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1175-87. [PMID: 27571196 PMCID: PMC6172654 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive human neuroimaging has yielded many discoveries about the brain. Numerous methodological advances have also occurred, though inertia has slowed their adoption. This paper presents an integrated approach to data acquisition, analysis and sharing that builds upon recent advances, particularly from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The 'HCP-style' paradigm has seven core tenets: (i) collect multimodal imaging data from many subjects; (ii) acquire data at high spatial and temporal resolution; (iii) preprocess data to minimize distortions, blurring and temporal artifacts; (iv) represent data using the natural geometry of cortical and subcortical structures; (v) accurately align corresponding brain areas across subjects and studies; (vi) analyze data using neurobiologically accurate brain parcellations; and (vii) share published data via user-friendly databases. We illustrate the HCP-style paradigm using existing HCP data sets and provide guidance for future research. Widespread adoption of this paradigm should accelerate progress in understanding the brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Glasser
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel S. Marcus
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesper Andersson
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward J. Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy E. J. Behrens
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S. Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael P. Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emma C. Robinson
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stamatios N. Sotiropoulos
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junqian Xu
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David C. Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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321
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Scott TL, Gallée J, Fedorenko E. A new fun and robust version of an fMRI localizer for the frontotemporal language system. Cogn Neurosci 2016; 8:167-176. [PMID: 27386919 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2016.1201466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A set of brain regions in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes supports high-level linguistic processing. These regions can be reliably identified in individual subjects using fMRI, by contrasting neural responses to meaningful and structured language stimuli vs. stimuli matched for low-level properties but lacking meaning and/or structure. We here present a novel version of a language 'localizer,' which should be suitable for diverse populations including children and/or clinical populations who may have difficulty with reading or cognitively demanding tasks. In particular, we contrast responses to auditorily presented excerpts from engaging interviews or stories, and acoustically degraded versions of these materials. This language localizer is appealing because it uses (a) naturalistic and engaging linguistic materials, (b) auditory presentation,
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Scott
- a Boston University , Graduate Program for Neuroscience , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jeanne Gallée
- b Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences , Wellesley College , Wellesley , MA , USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- c Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Charlestown , MA , USA.,d Massachusetts Institute of Technology , McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Cambridge , MA , USA
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322
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Shiell MM, Zatorre RJ. White matter structure in the right planum temporale region correlates with visual motion detection thresholds in deaf people. Hear Res 2016; 343:64-71. [PMID: 27321204 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The right planum temporale region is typically involved in higher-order auditory processing. After deafness, this area reorganizes to become sensitive to visual motion. This plasticity is thought to support compensatory enhancements to visual ability. In earlier work we showed that enhanced visual motion detection abilities in early-deaf people correlate with cortical thickness in a subregion of the right planum temporale. In the current study, we build on this earlier result by examining the relationship between enhanced visual motion detection ability and white matter structure in this area in the same sample. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and extracted the measures of white matter structure from a region-of-interest just below the grey matter surface where cortical thickness correlates with visual motion detection ability. We also tested control regions-of-interest in the auditory and visual cortices where we did not expect to find a relationship between visual motion detection ability and white matter. We found that in the right planum temporale subregion, and in no other tested regions, fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity correlated with visual motion detection thresholds. We interpret this change as further evidence of a structural correlate of cross-modal reorganization after deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Shiell
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Canada; BRAMS: International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, Montreal, H2V 4P3, Canada; CRBLM Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, Montreal, H3G 2A8, Canada.
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Canada; BRAMS: International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, Montreal, H2V 4P3, Canada; CRBLM Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, Montreal, H3G 2A8, Canada.
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323
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Vandekar SN, Shinohara RT, Raznahan A, Hopson RD, Roalf DR, Ruparel K, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD. Subject-level measurement of local cortical coupling. Neuroimage 2016; 133:88-97. [PMID: 26956908 PMCID: PMC4889557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cortex is highly folded to allow for a massive expansion of surface area. Notably, the thickness of the cortex strongly depends on cortical topology, with gyral cortex sometimes twice as thick as sulcal cortex. We recently demonstrated that global differences in thickness between gyral and sulcal cortex continue to evolve throughout adolescence. However, human cortical development is spatially heterogeneous, and global comparisons lack power to detect localized differences in development or psychopathology. Here we extend previous work by proposing a new measure - local cortical coupling - that is sensitive to differences in the localized topological relationship between cortical thickness and sulcal depth. After estimation, subject-level coupling maps can be analyzed using standard neuroimaging analysis tools. Capitalizing on a large cross-sectional sample (n=932) of youth imaged as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we demonstrate that local coupling is spatially heterogeneous and exhibits nonlinear development-related trajectories. Moreover, we uncover sex differences in coupling that indicate divergent patterns of cortical topology. Developmental changes and sex differences in coupling support its potential as a neuroimaging phenotype for investigating neuropsychiatric disorders that are increasingly conceptualized as disorders of brain development. R code to estimate subject-level coupling maps from any two cortical surfaces generated by FreeSurfer is made publicly available along with this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Vandekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan D Hopson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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324
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Hirose S, Osada T, Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Wada H, Yoshizawa Y, Imai Y, Machida T, Akahane M, Shirouzu I, Konishi S. Lateral-Medial Dissociation in Orbitofrontal Cortex-Hypothalamus Connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:244. [PMID: 27303281 PMCID: PMC4880561 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in cognitive functions, and is also closely related to autonomic functions. The OFC is densely connected with the hypothalamus, a heterogeneous structure controlling autonomic functions that can be divided into two major parts: the lateral and the medial. Resting-state functional connectivity has allowed us to parcellate the cerebral cortex into putative functional areas based on the changes in the spatial pattern of connectivity in the cerebral cortex when a seed point is moved from one voxel to another. In the present high spatial-resolution fMRI study, we investigate the connectivity-based organization of the OFC with reference to the hypothalamus. The OFC was parcellated using resting-state functional connectivity in an individual subject approach, and then the functional connectivity was examined between the parcellated areas in the OFC and the lateral/medial hypothalamus. We found a functional double dissociation in the OFC: the lateral OFC (the lateral orbital gyrus) was more likely connected with the lateral hypothalamus, whereas the medial OFC (the medial orbital and rectal gyri) was more likely connected with the medial hypothalamus. These results demonstrate the fundamental heterogeneity of the OFC, and suggest a potential neural basis of the OFC–hypothalamic functional interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirose
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wada
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Imai
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Machida
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center TokyoTokyo, Japan; International University of Health and WelfareTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Akahane
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Shirouzu
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
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325
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Tobyne SM, Boratyn D, Johnson JA, Greve DN, Mainero C, Klawiter EC. A surface-based technique for mapping homotopic interhemispheric connectivity: Development, characterization, and clinical application. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2849-68. [PMID: 27219660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the human brain consists of a high degree of connectivity between interhemispheric homologous regions. The degree of homotopic organization is known to vary across the cortex and homotopic connectivity is high in regions that share cross-hemisphere structural connections or are activated by common input streams (e.g., the visual system). Damage to one or both regions, as well as damage to the connections between homotopic regions, could disrupt this functional organization. Here were introduce and test a computationally efficient technique, surface-based homotopic interhermispheric connectivity (sHIC), that leverages surface-based registration and processing techniques in an attempt to improve the spatial specificity and accuracy of cortical interhemispheric connectivity estimated with resting state functional connectivity. This technique is shown to be reliable both within and across subjects. sHIC is also characterized in a dataset of nearly 1000 subjects. We confirm previous results showing increased interhemispheric connectivity in primary sensory regions, and reveal a novel rostro-caudal functionally defined network level pattern of sHIC across the brain. In addition, we demonstrate a structural-functional relationship between sHIC and atrophy of the corpus callosum in multiple sclerosis (r = 0.2979, p = 0.0461). sHIC presents as a sensitive and reliable measure of cortical homotopy that may prove useful as a biomarker in neurologic disease. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2849-2868, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Tobyne
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daria Boratyn
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caterina Mainero
- Athinoula a. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric C Klawiter
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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326
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Hindy NC, Ng FY, Turk-Browne NB. Linking pattern completion in the hippocampus to predictive coding in visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:665-667. [PMID: 27065363 PMCID: PMC4948994 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Models of predictive coding frame perception as a generative process in which expectations constrain sensory representations. These models account for expectations about how a stimulus will move or change from moment to moment, but do not address expectations about what other, distinct stimuli are likely to appear based on prior experience. We show that such memory-based expectations in human visual cortex are related to the hippocampal mechanism of pattern completion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas B. Turk-Browne
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University
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327
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Tavor I, Parker Jones O, Mars RB, Smith SM, Behrens TE, Jbabdi S. Task-free MRI predicts individual differences in brain activity during task performance. Science 2016; 352:216-20. [PMID: 27124457 PMCID: PMC6309730 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When asked to perform the same task, different individuals exhibit markedly different patterns of brain activity. This variability is often attributed to volatile factors, such as task strategy or compliance. We propose that individual differences in brain responses are, to a large degree, inherent to the brain and can be predicted from task-independent measurements collected at rest. Using a large set of task conditions, spanning several behavioral domains, we train a simple model that relates task-independent measurements to task activity and evaluate the model by predicting task activation maps for unseen subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. Our model can accurately predict individual differences in brain activity and highlights a coupling between brain connectivity and function that can be captured at the level of individual subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tavor
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - O Parker Jones
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - R B Mars
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S M Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - T E Behrens
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - S Jbabdi
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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328
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Francx W, Llera A, Mennes M, Zwiers MP, Faraone SV, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld D, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann CF. Integrated analysis of gray and white matter alterations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:357-367. [PMID: 27298764 PMCID: PMC4893015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to provide detailed insights into the structural organization of the brain, e.g., by means of mapping brain anatomy and white matter microstructure. Understanding interrelations between MRI modalities, rather than mapping modalities in isolation, will contribute to unraveling the complex neural mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders as deficits detected across modalities suggest common underlying mechanisms. Here, we conduct a multimodal analysis of structural MRI modalities in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Gray matter volume, cortical thickness, surface areal expansion estimates, and white matter diffusion indices of 129 participants with ADHD and 204 participants without ADHD were entered into a linked independent component analysis. This data-driven analysis decomposes the data into multimodal independent components reflecting common inter-subject variation across imaging modalities. RESULTS ADHD severity was related to two multimodal components. The first component revealed smaller prefrontal volumes in participants with more symptoms, co-occurring with abnormal white matter indices in prefrontal cortex. The second component demonstrated decreased orbitofrontal volume as well as abnormalities in insula, occipital, and somato-sensory areas in participants with more ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results replicate and extend previous unimodal structural MRI findings by demonstrating that prefrontal, parietal, and occipital areas, as well as fronto-striatal and fronto-limbic systems are implicated in ADHD. By including multiple modalities, sensitivity for between-participant effects is increased, as shared variance across modalities is modeled. The convergence of modality-specific findings in our results suggests that different aspects of brain structure share underlying pathophysiology and brings us closer to a biological characterization of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winke Francx
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Llera
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Mennes
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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329
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Fracasso A, van Veluw SJ, Visser F, Luijten PR, Spliet W, Zwanenburg JJM, Dumoulin SO, Petridou N. Lines of Baillarger in vivo and ex vivo: Myelin contrast across lamina at 7T MRI and histology. Neuroimage 2016; 133:163-175. [PMID: 26947519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is characterized by a number of features that are not uniformly distributed, such as the presence of multiple cytoarchitectonic elements and of myelinated layers running tangentially to the cortex surface. The presence and absence of these features are the basis of the parcellation of the cerebral cortex in several areas. A number of areas show myelin increases localized within the cortex, e.g., the stria of Gennari located in layer IV of the primary visual cortex. Sub-millimeter MRI can resolve myelin variations across the human cortex and may allow in vivo parcellation of these brain areas. Here, we image within-area myelination. We modified a T1-weighted (T1-w) MPRAGE sequence to enhance myelin visualization within the cortex. First, we acquired images from an ex vivo sample, and compared MRI laminar profiles from calcarine (corresponding to primary visual cortex) and extra-calcarine areas with histology sections from the same locations. Laminar profiles between myelin stained sections and the T1-w images were similar both in calcarine as well as extra-calcarine cortex. In calcarine cortex, the profile reveals the stria of Gennari. In extra-calcarine cortex, a similar profile exists which we suggest corresponds to the lines of Baillarger. Next, we adapted the same sequence to image within-area myelination in vivo. Also in in vivo data, we discriminated similar laminar profiles in calcarine and extra-calcarine cortex, extending into parietal and frontal lobes. We argue that this myelin pattern outside the calcarine cortex represents the lines of Baillarger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fracasso
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fredy Visser
- Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wim Spliet
- Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J M Zwanenburg
- Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Serge O Dumoulin
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natalia Petridou
- Radiology, Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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330
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Jiang G, Li C, Wu J, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Evans AC, Li L, Ran S, Yin X, Wang J. Progressive Thinning of Visual Motion Area in Lower Limb Amputees. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:79. [PMID: 26973497 PMCID: PMC4771768 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that amputation or deafferentation of a limb induces functional or structural reorganization in the visual areas. However, the extent of the visual areas involved after lower limb amputation remains uncertain. In this investigation, we studied 48 adult patients with unilateral lower limb amputation and 48 matched healthy controls using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Template-based regions of interest analysis was implemented to detect the changes of cortical thickness in the specific visual areas. Compared with normal controls, amputees exhibited significantly lower thickness in the V5/middle temporal (V5/MT+) visual area, as well as a trend of cortical thinning in the V3d. There was no significant difference in the other visual areas between the two groups. In addition, no significant difference of cortical thickness was found between patients with amputation at different levels. Across all amputees, correlation analyses revealed that the cortical thickness of the V5/MT+ was negatively correlated to the time since amputation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the amputation of unilateral lower limb could induce changes in the motor-related visual cortex and provide an update on the plasticity of the human brain after limb injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chuanming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Osteology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Taian , Taian , China
| | - Lu Zhao
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shuhua Ran
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuntao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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331
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Blank I, Balewski Z, Mahowald K, Fedorenko E. Syntactic processing is distributed across the language system. Neuroimage 2016; 127:307-323. [PMID: 26666896 PMCID: PMC4755877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Language comprehension recruits an extended set of regions in the human brain. Is syntactic processing localized to a particular region or regions within this system, or is it distributed across the entire ensemble of brain regions that support high-level linguistic processing? Evidence from aphasic patients is more consistent with the latter possibility: damage to many different language regions and to white-matter tracts connecting them has been shown to lead to similar syntactic comprehension deficits. However, brain imaging investigations of syntactic processing continue to focus on particular regions within the language system, often parts of Broca's area and regions in the posterior temporal cortex. We hypothesized that, whereas the entire language system is in fact sensitive to syntactic complexity, the effects in some regions may be difficult to detect because of the overall lower response to language stimuli. Using an individual-subjects approach to localizing the language system, shown in prior work to be more sensitive than traditional group analyses, we indeed find responses to syntactic complexity throughout this system, consistent with the findings from the neuropsychological patient literature. We speculate that such distributed nature of syntactic processing could perhaps imply that syntax is inseparable from other aspects of language comprehension (e.g., lexico-semantic processing), in line with current linguistic and psycholinguistic theories and evidence. Neuroimaging investigations of syntactic processing thus need to expand their scope to include the entire system of high-level language processing regions in order to fully understand how syntax is instantiated in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Zuzanna Balewski
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kyle Mahowald
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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332
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Auzias G, Coulon O, Brovelli A. MarsAtlas: A cortical parcellation atlas for functional mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1573-92. [PMID: 26813563 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
An open question in neuroimaging is how to develop anatomical brain atlases for the analysis of functional data. Here, we present a cortical parcellation model based on macroanatomical information and test its validity on visuomotor-related cortical functional networks. The parcellation model is based on a recently developed cortical parameterization method (Auzias et al., [2013]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 32:873-887), called HIP-HOP. This method exploits a set of primary and secondary sulci to create an orthogonal coordinate system on the cortical surface. A natural parcellation scheme arises from the axes of the HIP-HOP model running along the fundus of selected sulci. The resulting parcellation scheme, called MarsAtlas, complies with dorsoventral/rostrocaudal direction fields and allows inter-subject matching. To test it for functional mapping, we analyzed a MEG dataset collected from human participants performing an arbitrary visuomotor mapping task. Single-trial high-gamma activity, HGA (60-120 Hz), was estimated using spectral analysis and beamforming techniques at cortical areas arising from a Talairach atlas (i.e., Brodmann areas) and MarsAtlas. Using both atlases, we confirmed that visuomotor associations involve an increase in HGA over the sensorimotor and fronto-parietal network, in addition to medial prefrontal areas. However, MarsAtlas provided: (1) crucial functional information along both the dorsolateral and rostrocaudal direction; (2) an increase in statistical significance. To conclude, our results suggest that the MarsAtlas is a valid anatomical atlas for functional mapping, and represents a potential anatomical framework for integration of functional data arising from multiple techniques such as MEG, intracranial EEG and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes, UMR 7296, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Coulon
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes, UMR 7296, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Andrea Brovelli
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
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333
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Chiarello C, Vazquez D, Felton A, McDowell A. Structural asymmetry of the human cerebral cortex: Regional and between-subject variability of surface area, cortical thickness, and local gyrification. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:365-379. [PMID: 26792368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural asymmetry varies across individuals, brain regions, and metrics of cortical organization. The current study investigated regional differences in asymmetry of cortical surface area, thickness, and local gyrification, and the extent of between-subject variability in these metrics, in a sample of healthy young adults (N=200). Between-subject variability in cortical structure may provide a means to assess the extent of biological flexibility or constraint of brain regions, and we explored the potential influence of this variability on the phenotypic expression of structural asymmetry. The findings demonstrate that structural asymmetries are nearly ubiquitous across the cortex, with differing regional organization for the three cortical metrics. This implies that there are multiple, only partially overlapping, maps of structural asymmetry. The results further indicate that the degree of asymmetry of a brain region can be predicted by the extent of the region's between-subject variability. These findings provide evidence that reduced biological constraint promotes the expression of strong structural asymmetry.
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334
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Structural brain alterations in primary open angle glaucoma: a 3T MRI study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18969. [PMID: 26743811 PMCID: PMC4705520 DOI: 10.1038/srep18969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is not only an eye disease but is also associated with degeneration of brain structures. We now investigated the pattern of visual and non-visual brain structural changes in 25 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and 25 age-gender-matched normal controls using T1-weighted imaging. MRI images were subjected to volume-based analysis (VBA) and surface-based analysis (SBA) in the whole brain as well as ROI-based analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), visual cortex (V1/2), amygdala and hippocampus. While VBA showed no significant differences in the gray matter volumes of patients, SBA revealed significantly reduced cortical thickness in the right frontal pole and ROI-based analysis volume shrinkage in LGN bilaterally, right V1 and left amygdala. Structural abnormalities were correlated with clinical parameters in a subset of the patients revealing that the left LGN volume was negatively correlated with bilateral cup-to-disk ratio (CDR), the right LGN volume was positively correlated with the mean deviation of the right visual hemifield, and the right V1 cortical thickness was negatively correlated with the right CDR in glaucoma. These results demonstrate that POAG affects both vision-related structures and non-visual cortical regions. Moreover, alterations of the brain visual structures reflect the clinical severity of glaucoma.
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335
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Waehnert MD, Dinse J, Schäfer A, Geyer S, Bazin PL, Turner R, Tardif CL. A subject-specific framework for in vivo myeloarchitectonic analysis using high resolution quantitative MRI. Neuroimage 2016; 125:94-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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336
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Walther A, Nili H, Ejaz N, Alink A, Kriegeskorte N, Diedrichsen J. Reliability of dissimilarity measures for multi-voxel pattern analysis. Neuroimage 2015; 137:188-200. [PMID: 26707889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Representational similarity analysis of activation patterns has become an increasingly important tool for studying brain representations. The dissimilarity between two patterns is commonly quantified by the correlation distance or the accuracy of a linear classifier. However, there are many different ways to measure pattern dissimilarity and little is known about their relative reliability. Here, we compare the reliability of three classes of dissimilarity measure: classification accuracy, Euclidean/Mahalanobis distance, and Pearson correlation distance. Using simulations and four real functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets, we demonstrate that continuous dissimilarity measures are substantially more reliable than the classification accuracy. The difference in reliability can be explained by two characteristics of classifiers: discretization and susceptibility of the discriminant function to shifts of the pattern ensemble between imaging runs. Reliability can be further improved through multivariate noise normalization for all measures. Finally, unlike conventional distance measures, crossvalidated distances provide unbiased estimates of pattern dissimilarity on a ratio scale, thus providing an interpretable zero point. Overall, our results indicate that the crossvalidated Mahalanobis distance is preferable to both the classification accuracy and the correlation distance for characterizing representational geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Walther
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Hamed Nili
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3UD, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Naveed Ejaz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Arjen Alink
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
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337
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Gómez-Robles A, Hopkins WD, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC. Relaxed genetic control of cortical organization in human brains compared with chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14799-804. [PMID: 26627234 PMCID: PMC4672807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512646112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of hominin brain evolution has focused largely on the neocortical expansion and reorganization undergone by humans as inferred from the endocranial fossil record. Comparisons of modern human brains with those of chimpanzees provide an additional line of evidence to define key neural traits that have emerged in human evolution and that underlie our unique behavioral specializations. In an attempt to identify fundamental developmental differences, we have estimated the genetic bases of brain size and cortical organization in chimpanzees and humans by studying phenotypic similarities between individuals with known kinship relationships. We show that, although heritability for brain size and cortical organization is high in chimpanzees, cerebral cortical anatomy is substantially less genetically heritable than brain size in humans, indicating greater plasticity and increased environmental influence on neurodevelopment in our species. This relaxed genetic control on cortical organization is especially marked in association areas and likely is related to underlying microstructural changes in neural circuitry. A major result of increased plasticity is that the development of neural circuits that underlie behavior is shaped by the environmental, social, and cultural context more intensively in humans than in other primate species, thus providing an anatomical basis for behavioral and cognitive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Gómez-Robles
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052;
| | - William D Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302; Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Steven J Schapiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
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338
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Wang K, Wei D, Yang J, Xie P, Hao X, Qiu J. Individual differences in rumination in healthy and depressive samples: association with brain structure, functional connectivity and depression. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2999-3008. [PMID: 26219340 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination is an important cognitive risk factor for onset and relapse of depression. However, no studies have employed a dimensional approach in investigating the neural correlates of rumination and the relationship with depression. METHOD Non-clinical healthy subjects (n = 306), who completed the classical rumination and depression scales, were studied using voxel-based morphometry and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted to examine the influence of rumination on the relationship between brain structure and depression. Moreover, depressive patients (n = 60) and a control group (n = 63) of comparable age and education were studied with regions of interest that were identified in the healthy individuals. RESULTS For healthy individuals, regional grey-matter volume (rGMV) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) were positively correlated with rumination. In addition, rumination had a mediating effect on the relationship between the DLPFC and PHG and depression. Moreover, ReHo analysis showed that rumination had a significantly negative correlation with functional homogeneity of DLPFC. However, compared to the control group, depressed patients showed significant decrease of rGMV in the DLPFC and PHG and there was a significant negative correlation between DLPFC volume and depressive rumination. CONCLUSIONS Increased DLPFC volume (decreased ReHo) in healthy individuals while decreased in depression indicated the trend of DLPFC from inefficient inhibition ('overload state') to impaired regulatory mechanism ('paralysis state'). This finding might elucidate when and why healthy individuals would develop sustained negative mood and depression eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU),Ministry of Education,Chongqing,China
| | - D Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU),Ministry of Education,Chongqing,China
| | - J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU),Ministry of Education,Chongqing,China
| | - P Xie
- Neuroscience Center,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,China
| | - X Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China
| | - J Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU),Ministry of Education,Chongqing,China
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339
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Prediction of Longitudinal Development of Infant Cortical Surface Shape Using a 4D Current-Based Learning Framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26221704 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19992-4_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the early dynamics of the highly folded human cerebral cortex is still an actively evolving research field teeming with unanswered questions. Longitudinal neuroimaging analysis and modeling have become the new trend to advance research in this field. However, this is challenged by a limited number of acquisition timepoints and the absence of inter-subject matching between timepoints. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that unprecedentedly solves the problem of predicting the dynamic evolution of infant cortical surface shape solely from a single baseline shape based on a spatiotemporal (4D) current-based learning approach. Specifically, our method learns from longitudinal data both the geometric (vertices positions) and dynamic (temporal evolution trajectories) features of the infant cortical surface, comprising a training stage and a prediction stage. In the training stage, we first use the current-based shape regression model to set up the inter-subject cortical surface correspondences at baseline of all training subjects. We then estimate for each training subject the diffeomorphic temporal evolution trajectories of the cortical surface shape and build an empirical mean spatiotemporal surface atlas. In the prediction stage, given an infant, we first warp all training subjects onto its baseline cortical surface. Second, we select the most appropriate learnt features from training subjects to simultaneously predict the cortical surface shapes at all later timepoints from its baseline cortical surface, based on closeness metrics between this baseline surface and the learnt baseline population average surface atlas. We used the proposed framework to predict the inner cortical surface shape at 3, 6 and 9 months from the cortical shape at birth in 9 healthy infants. Our method predicted with good accuracy the spatiotemporal dynamic change of the highly folded cortex.
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340
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Assessment of Silent T1-weighted head imaging at 7 T. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:1879-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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341
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Mayer AR, Hanlon FM, Dodd AB, Ling JM, Klimaj SD, Meier TB. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of cognitive control and neurosensory deficits in mild traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4394-406. [PMID: 26493161 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury patients (mTBI) frequently report symptoms of increased distractability and sensory disturbances during mutisensory stimulation. These common post-concussive symptoms could putatively result from dysfunction within the cognitive control network (CCN; top-down) or from unisensory cortex (bottom-up) itself. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high-resolution structural data were therefore prospectively collected during a multisensory (audio-visual) cognitive control task from 46 mTBI patients within 3 weeks of injury and 46 matched healthy controls (HC), with a subset of participants returning at 4 months. Multisensory stimuli were presented at two frequencies to manipulate cognitive and perceptual load. Patients self-reported more cognitive, emotional, somatic, vestibular and visual symptoms relative to HC, which improved, but did not entirely resolve, over the 4 month follow-up period. There were no group differences in behavior or functional activation during cognitive control (incongruent--congruent trials). In contrast, patients exhibited abnormal activation within different regions of visual cortex that depended on whether attention was focused on auditory or visual information streams. Patients also exhibited increased activation within bilateral inferior parietal lobules during higher cognitive/perceptual loads, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to achieve similar levels of behavioral performance. Functional abnormalities within the visual cortex and inferior parietal lobules were only partially resolved at 4 months post-injury, suggesting that neural abnormalities may take longer to resolve than behavioral measures used in most clinical settings. In summary, current results indicate that abnormalities within unisensory cortex (particularly visual areas) following mTBI, which likely contribute to deficits commonly reported during multisensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Faith M Hanlon
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Andrew B Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Josef M Ling
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Stefan D Klimaj
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Timothy B Meier
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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342
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Color vision impairment in multiple sclerosis points to retinal ganglion cell damage. J Neurol 2015; 262:2491-7. [PMID: 26259563 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) results in color vision impairment regardless of optic neuritis (ON). The exact location of injury remains undefined. The objective of this study is to identify the region leading to dyschromatopsia in MS patients' NON-eyes. We evaluated Spearman correlations between color vision and measures of different regions in the afferent visual pathway in 106 MS patients. Regions with significant correlations were included in logistic regression models to assess their independent role in dyschromatopsia. We evaluated color vision with Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates and retinal damage using Optical Coherence Tomography. We ran SIENAX to measure Normalized Brain Parenchymal Volume (NBPV), FIRST for thalamus volume and Freesurfer for visual cortex areas. We found moderate, significant correlations between color vision and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (rho = 0.289, p = 0.003), ganglion cell complex (GCC = GCIP) (rho = 0.353, p < 0.001), thalamus (rho = 0.361, p < 0.001), and lesion volume within the optic radiations (rho = -0.230, p = 0.030). Only GCC thickness remained significant (p = 0.023) in the logistic regression model. In the final model including lesion load and NBPV as markers of diffuse neuroaxonal damage, GCC remained associated with dyschromatopsia [OR = 0.88 95 % CI (0.80-0.97) p = 0.016]. This association remained significant when we also added sex, age, and disease duration as covariates in the regression model. Dyschromatopsia in NON-eyes is due to damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in MS. Color vision can serve as a marker of RGC damage in MS.
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343
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A cytoarchitecture-driven myelin model reveals area-specific signatures in human primary and secondary areas using ultra-high resolution in-vivo brain MRI. Neuroimage 2015; 114:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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344
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Pfannmöller JP, Schweizer R, Lotze M. Automated analysis protocol for high resolution BOLD-fMRI mapping of the fingertip somatotopy in brodmann area 3b. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:479-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg P. Pfannmöller
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald; Germany
| | - Renate Schweizer
- Biomedizinische NMR-Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry; Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald; Germany
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345
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Weiner KS, Zilles K. The anatomical and functional specialization of the fusiform gyrus. Neuropsychologia 2015; 83:48-62. [PMID: 26119921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The fusiform gyrus (FG) is commonly included in anatomical atlases and is considered a key structure for functionally-specialized computations of high-level vision such as face perception, object recognition, and reading. However, it is not widely known that the FG has a contentious history. In this review, we first provide a historical analysis of the discovery of the FG and why certain features, such as the mid-fusiform sulcus, were discovered and then forgotten. We then discuss how observer-independent methods for identifying cytoarchitectonical boundaries of the cortex revolutionized our understanding of cytoarchitecture and the correspondence between those boundaries and cortical folding patterns of the FG. We further explain that the co-occurrence between cortical folding patterns and cytoarchitectonical boundaries are more common than classically thought and also, are functionally meaningful especially on the FG and probably in high-level visual cortex more generally. We conclude by proposing a series of alternatives for how the anatomical organization of the FG can accommodate seemingly different theoretical aspects of functional processing, such as domain specificity and perceptual expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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346
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Rosen A, Chen DQ, Hayes DJ, Davis KD, Hodaie M. A Neuroimaging Strategy for the Three-Dimensional in vivo Anatomical Visualization and Characterization of Insular Gyri. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2015; 93:255-64. [PMID: 26066396 DOI: 10.1159/000380826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the anatomy of the insula is driven by its multifunctionality and the need for accurate visualization for surgical purposes. Few in vivo studies of human insular anatomy have been conducted due to methodological and anatomical challenges. OBJECTIVE We used brain cortical morphometry tools to accurately reconstruct insular topology and permit a detailed visualization of its gyri in 3 dimensions. METHODS Sixty healthy subjects (33 females; 37.8 ± 12.8 years) underwent 3-tesla MRI scans. The strategy for characterizing the insula was: (1) create 3-dimensional (3-D) insula representations for visual analysis; (2) rate topological features using a gyral conspicuity index; (3) identify individual variations across subjects/between groups; (4) compare to prior findings. RESULTS Insular reconstruction was achieved in 113/120 cases. The anterior short, posterior short, anterior long gyri and central sulcus were easily identified. In contrast, middle short (MSG), posterior long (PLG) and accessory gyri (AG) were highly variable. The MSG, but not the PLG or AG, was clearer in males and in the left hemisphere, suggesting sex- and laterality-related differences. CONCLUSIONS A noninvasive in vivo 3-D visualization strategy revealed anatomical variations of the insula in a healthy cohort. This methodological approach can be adopted for broad clinical and/or research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Rosen
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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347
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Inter-subject neural code converter for visual image representation. Neuroimage 2015; 113:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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348
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Hand use predicts the structure of representations in sensorimotor cortex. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1034-40. [PMID: 26030847 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fine finger movements are controlled by the population activity of neurons in the hand area of primary motor cortex. Experiments using microstimulation and single-neuron electrophysiology suggest that this area represents coordinated multi-joint, rather than single-finger movements. However, the principle by which these representations are organized remains unclear. We analyzed activity patterns during individuated finger movements using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although the spatial layout of finger-specific activity patterns was variable across participants, the relative similarity between any pair of activity patterns was well preserved. This invariant organization was better explained by the correlation structure of everyday hand movements than by correlated muscle activity. This also generalized to an experiment using complex multi-finger movements. Finally, the organizational structure correlated with patterns of involuntary co-contracted finger movements for high-force presses. Together, our results suggest that hand use shapes the relative arrangement of finger-specific activity patterns in sensory-motor cortex.
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349
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Lee SH, Coutu JP, Wilkens P, Yendiki A, Rosas HD, Salat DH. Tract-based analysis of white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 301:79-89. [PMID: 26026680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although much prior work has focused on the known cortical pathology that defines Alzheimer's disease (AD) histologically, recent work has additionally demonstrated substantial damage to the cerebral white matter in this condition. While there is large evidence of diffuse damage to the white matter in AD, it is unclear whether specific white matter tracts exhibit a more accelerated pattern of damage and whether the damage is associated with the classical neurodegenerative changes of AD. In this study, we investigated microstructural differences in the large fascicular bundles of the cerebral white matter of individuals with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using recently developed automated diffusion tractography procedures in the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Eighteen major fiber bundles in a total of 36 individuals with AD, 81 MCI and 60 control participants were examined with the TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA) procedure available as part of the FreeSurfer image processing software package. For each fiber bundle, the mean fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, radial and axial diffusivities were calculated. Individuals with AD had increased diffusivities in both left and right cingulum-angular bundles compared to control participants (p<0.001). Individuals with MCI also had increased axial and mean diffusivities and increased FA in both cingulum-angular bundles compared to control participants (p<0.05) and decreased radial diffusivity compared to individuals with AD (p<0.05). We additionally examined how white matter deterioration relates to hippocampal volume, a traditional imaging measure of AD pathology, and found the strongest negative correlations in AD patients between hippocampal volume and the diffusivities of the cingulum-angular and cingulum-cingulate gyrus bundles and of the corticospinal tracts (p<0.05). However, statistically controlling for hippocampal volume did not remove all group differences in white matter measures, suggesting a unique contribution of white matter damage to AD unexplained by this disease biomarker. These results suggest that (1) AD-associated deterioration of white matter fibers is greatest in tracts known to be connected to areas of pathology in AD and (2) lower white matter tract integrity is more diffusely associated with lower hippocampal volume indicating that the pathology in the white matter follows to some degree the neurodegenerative staging and progression of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Lee
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - J-P Coutu
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Wilkens
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Yendiki
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H D Rosas
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D H Salat
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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350
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Kochunov P, Jahanshad N, Marcus D, Winkler A, Sprooten E, Nichols TE, Wright SN, Hong LE, Patel B, Behrens T, Jbabdi S, Andersson J, Lenglet C, Yacoub E, Moeller S, Auerbach E, Ugurbil K, Sotiropoulos SN, Brouwer RM, Landman B, Lemaitre H, den Braber A, Zwiers MP, Ritchie S, vanHulzen K, Almasy L, Curran J, deZubicaray GI, Duggirala R, Fox P, Martin NG, McMahon KL, Mitchell B, Olvera RL, Peterson C, Starr J, Sussmann J, Wardlaw J, Wright M, Boomsma DI, Kahn R, de Geus EJC, Williamson DE, Hariri A, van t Ent D, Bastin ME, McIntosh A, Deary IJ, Hulshoff pol HE, Blangero J, Thompson PM, Glahn DC, Van Essen DC. Heritability of fractional anisotropy in human white matter: a comparison of Human Connectome Project and ENIGMA-DTI data. Neuroimage 2015; 111:300-11. [PMID: 25747917 PMCID: PMC4387079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree to which genetic factors influence brain connectivity is beginning to be understood. Large-scale efforts are underway to map the profile of genetic effects in various brain regions. The NIH-funded Human Connectome Project (HCP) is providing data valuable for analyzing the degree of genetic influence underlying brain connectivity revealed by state-of-the-art neuroimaging methods. We calculated the heritability of the fractional anisotropy (FA) measure derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction in 481 HCP subjects (194/287 M/F) consisting of 57/60 pairs of mono- and dizygotic twins, and 246 siblings. FA measurements were derived using (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) ENIGMA DTI protocols and heritability estimates were calculated using the SOLAR-Eclipse imaging genetic analysis package. We compared heritability estimates derived from HCP data to those publicly available through the ENIGMA-DTI consortium, which were pooled together from five-family based studies across the US, Europe, and Australia. FA measurements from the HCP cohort for eleven major white matter tracts were highly heritable (h(2)=0.53-0.90, p<10(-5)), and were significantly correlated with the joint-analytical estimates from the ENIGMA cohort on the tract and voxel-wise levels. The similarity in regional heritability suggests that the additive genetic contribution to white matter microstructure is consistent across populations and imaging acquisition parameters. It also suggests that the overarching genetic influence provides an opportunity to define a common genetic search space for future gene-discovery studies. Uniquely, the measurements of additive genetic contribution performed in this study can be repeated using online genetic analysis tools provided by the HCP ConnectomeDB web application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Department of Neurology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Daniel Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Emma Sprooten
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, USA
| | | | - Susan N Wright
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Binish Patel
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Eddie Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Almasy
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne Curran
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Peter Fox
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Rene L Olvera
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Kahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Blangero
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Department of Neurology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, USA
| | - David C. Van Essen
- Anatomy & Neurobiology Department at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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