301
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Alav I, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Role of bacterial efflux pumps in biofilm formation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2003-2020. [PMID: 29506149 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment. However, there is increasing evidence from many studies to suggest that the pumps also play a role in biofilm formation. These studies have involved investigating the effects of efflux pump gene mutagenesis and efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, and measuring the levels of efflux pump gene expression in biofilms. In particular, several key pathogenic species associated with increasing multidrug resistance, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, have been investigated, whilst other studies have focused on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model organism and problematic pathogen. Studies have shown that efflux pumps, including AcrAB-TolC of E. coli, MexAB-OprM of P. aeruginosa, AdeFGH of A. baumannii and AcrD of S. enterica, play important roles in biofilm formation. The substrates for such pumps, and whether changes in their efflux activity affect biofilm formation directly or indirectly, remain to be determined. By understanding the roles that efflux pumps play in biofilm formation, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to inhibit their function, to help disrupt biofilms and improve the treatment of infections. This review will discuss and evaluate the evidence for the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation and the potential approaches to overcome the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Alav
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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302
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Pandey VK, Srivastava KR, Ajmal G, Thakur VK, Gupta VK, Upadhyay SN, Mishra PK. Differential Susceptibility of Catheter Biomaterials to Biofilm-Associated Infections and Their Remedy by Drug-Encapsulated Eudragit RL100 Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5110. [PMID: 31618903 PMCID: PMC6834321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the cause of major bacteriological infections in patients. The complex architecture of Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm attached to the surface of catheters has been studied and found to depend on the biomaterial's surface properties. The SEM micrographs and water contact angle analysis have revealed that the nature of the surface affects the growth and extent of E. coli biofilm formation. In vitro studies have revealed that the Gram-negative E. coli adherence to implanted biomaterials takes place in accordance with hydrophobicity, i.e., latex > silicone > polyurethane > stainless steel. Permanent removal of E. coli biofilm requires 50 to 200 times more gentamicin sulfate (G-S) than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to remove 90% of E. coli biofilm (MBIC90). Here, in vitro eradication of biofilm-associated infection on biomaterials has been done by Eudragit RL100 encapsulated gentamicin sulfate (E-G-S) nanoparticle of range 140 nm. It is 10-20 times more effective against E. coli biofilm-associated infections eradication than normal unentrapped G-S. Thus, Eudragit RL100 mediated drug delivery system provides a promising way to reduce the cost of treatment with a higher drug therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Kumar Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Gufran Ajmal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Siddh Nath Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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303
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Weiskerger CJ, Brandão J, Ahmed W, Aslan A, Avolio L, Badgley BD, Boehm AB, Edge TA, Fleisher JM, Heaney CD, Jordao L, Kinzelman JL, Klaus JS, Kleinheinz GT, Meriläinen P, Nshimyimana JP, Phanikumar MS, Piggot AM, Pitkänen T, Robinson C, Sadowsky MJ, Staley C, Staley ZR, Symonds EM, Vogel LJ, Yamahara KM, Whitman RL, Solo-Gabriele HM, Harwood VJ. Impacts of a changing earth on microbial dynamics and human health risks in the continuum between beach water and sand. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:456-470. [PMID: 31301475 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although infectious disease risk from recreational exposure to waterborne pathogens has been an active area of research for decades, beach sand is a relatively unexplored habitat for the persistence of pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Beach sand, biofilms, and water all present unique advantages and challenges to pathogen introduction, growth, and persistence. These dynamics are further complicated by continuous exchange between sand and water habitats. Models of FIB and pathogen fate and transport at beaches can help predict the risk of infectious disease from beach use, but knowledge gaps with respect to decay and growth rates of pathogens in beach habitats impede robust modeling. Climatic variability adds further complexity to predictive modeling because extreme weather events, warming water, and sea level change may increase human exposure to waterborne pathogens and alter relationships between FIB and pathogens. In addition, population growth and urbanization will exacerbate contamination events and increase the potential for human exposure. The cumulative effects of anthropogenic changes will alter microbial population dynamics in beach habitats and the assumptions and relationships used in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) and process-based models. Here, we review our current understanding of microbial populations and transport dynamics across the sand-water continuum at beaches, how these dynamics can be modeled, and how global change factors (e.g., climate and land use) should be integrated into more accurate beachscape-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Weiskerger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) - Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Warish Ahmed
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boogo Road, Dutton Park, Old, 4102, Australia
| | - Asli Aslan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay Avolio
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian D Badgley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alexandria B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Edge
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay M Fleisher
- College of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - James S Klaus
- Department of Marine Geosciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Päivi Meriläinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mantha S Phanikumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan M Piggot
- Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Clare Robinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute and Departments of Soil, Water, & Climate, and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Erin M Symonds
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laura J Vogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevan M Yamahara
- Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Whitman
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Chesterton, IN, USA
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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304
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Horprasertkij K, Dwivedi A, Riansuwan K, Kiratisin P, Nasongkla N. Spray coating of dual antibiotic-loaded nanospheres on orthopedic implant for prolonged release and enhanced antibacterial activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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305
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Faille C, Lemy C, Allion-Maurer A, Zoueshtiagh F. Evaluation of the hydrophobic properties of latex microspheres and Bacillus spores. Influence of the particle size on the data obtained by the MATH method (microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110398. [PMID: 31376688 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current experimental study investigates the influence of latex microsphere particles' size on the assessment of their hydrophilic/hydrophobic character, using the method known as "Microbial Adhesion to Hydrocarbons" (MATH). Since bacteria surfaces often change according to the environment in which they find themselves, most of the experiments here were carried out using the calibrated latex microspheres Polybeads® and Yellow-green Fluoresbrite® (Polyscience) microspheres with diameters between 0.2 μm and 4.5 μm. All the beads had a density of ˜1.05 g/cm3. The first set of experiments was performed to adapt the procedure for measurements of water contact angles to microsphere lawns. It was found that all the microspheres tested were hydrophobic, when using a water contact angle of around 110-118°. However, wide differences were observed using the MATH method. The smaller microspheres (0.2 μm, 0.5 μm +/- 0.75 μm) exhibited a poor affinity to hexadecane, even after long contact times, suggesting a hydrophilic character. In contrast, larger microspheres quickly adhered to hexadecane, which is consistent with the values obtained for the water contact angles observed. These results suggest that, at least where hydrophobic particles are concerned, the MATH method is not suitable for the assessment of the hydrophobic character of particles with diameters of less than 1.0 μm. We lastly investigated whether the data obtained for Bacillus spores could also be affected by spore size. The hydrophobicity of spores of eight Bacillus strains was analysed by both MATH and contact angle. Some discrepancies were observed between both methods but could not be related their size (length or width).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christelle Lemy
- UMET, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Audrey Allion-Maurer
- Aperam Isbergues Research Center - Solutions Dept., BP 15, 62330 Isbergues, France
| | - Farzam Zoueshtiagh
- IEMN, LIA LICS: Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8520, IEMN, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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306
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Feit CG, Chug MK, Brisbois EJ. Development of S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine Impregnated Medical Grade Polyvinyl Chloride for Antimicrobial Medical Device Interfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4335-4345. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corbin G. Feit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Manjyot Kaur Chug
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Brisbois
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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307
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Comber EM, Palchesko RN, Ng WH, Ren X, Cook KE. De novo lung biofabrication: clinical need, construction methods, and design strategy. Transl Res 2019; 211:1-18. [PMID: 31103468 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung disease is the 4th leading cause of death in the United States. Due to a shortage of donor lungs, alternative approaches to support failing, native lungs have been attempted, including mechanical ventilation and various forms of artificial lungs. However, each of these support methods causes significant complications when used for longer than a few days and are thus not capable of long-term support. For artificial lungs, complications arise due to interactions between the artificial materials of the device and the blood of the recipient. A potential new approach is the fabrication of lungs from biological materials, such that the gas exchange membranes provide a more biomimetic blood-contacting interface. Recent advancements with three-dimensional, soft-tissue biofabrication methods and the engineering of thin, basement membranes demonstrate the potential of fabricating a lung scaffold from extracellular matrix materials. This scaffold could then be seeded with endothelial and epithelial cells, matured within a bioreactor, and transplanted. In theory, this fully biological lung could provide improved, long-term biocompatibility relative to artificial lungs, but significant work is needed to perfect the organ design and construction methods. Like artificial lungs, biofabricated lungs do not need to follow the shape and structure of a native lung, allowing for simpler manufacture. However, various functional requirements must still be met, including stable, efficient gas exchange for a period of years. Design decisions depend on the disease state, how the organ is implanted, and the latest biofabrication methods available in a rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Comber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rachelle N Palchesko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith E Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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308
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Lam AK, Wouters CL, Moen EL, Pusavat J, Rice CV. Antibiofilm Synergy of β-Lactams and Branched Polyethylenimine against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3778-3785. [PMID: 31430130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, and they pose a serious threat to public health. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common clinical isolate from healthcare- and medical device-related biofilm infections. No antibiotic currently on the market can eradicate pathogenic biofilms, which contain complex defense mechanisms composed of slimelike extracellular polymeric substances. Understanding the need to develop alternative approaches, we examine 600 Da branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) biofilms. Here, a microtiter biofilm model is used to test the synergistic effects between the two components of our combination treatment: BPEI and β-lactam antibiotics. Electron microscopy was used to confirm the growth of MRSE biofilms from the model. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration assays, crystal violet assays, and biofilm kill curves suggest that BPEI exhibits antibiofilm activity and can potentiate β-lactams to eradicate MRSE biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh K Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center , University of Oklahoma , 101 Stephenson Parkway , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Cassandra L Wouters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center , University of Oklahoma , 101 Stephenson Parkway , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Erika L Moen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center , University of Oklahoma , 101 Stephenson Parkway , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Jennifer Pusavat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center , University of Oklahoma , 101 Stephenson Parkway , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Charles V Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center , University of Oklahoma , 101 Stephenson Parkway , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
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309
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310
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Bisht K, Wakeman CA. Discovery and Therapeutic Targeting of Differentiated Biofilm Subpopulations. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1908. [PMID: 31507548 PMCID: PMC6718512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of microorganisms into biofilms produces functionally organized microbial structures that promote community survival in a wide range of environments. Much like when individual cells within a multicellular organism express different genes from the same DNA blueprint, individual microbial cells located within different regions of a biofilm structure can exhibit distinct genetic programs. These spatially defined regions of physiologically differentiated cells are reminiscent of the role of tissues in multicellular organisms, with specific subpopulations in the microbial community serving defined roles to promote the overall health of the biofilm. The functions of these subpopulations are quite diverse and can range from dormant cells that can withstand antibiotic onslaughts to cells actively producing extracellular polymeric substances providing integrity to the entire community. The purpose of this review is to discuss the diverse roles of subpopulations in the stability and function of clonal biofilms, the methods for studying these subpopulations, and the ways these subpopulations can potentially be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Bisht
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Catherine Ann Wakeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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311
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Paladini F, Pollini M. Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Application: Progress and Future Trends. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162540. [PMID: 31404974 PMCID: PMC6719912 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent data have reported that the burden of infections related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the European Union and European Economic Area (EEA) can be estimated as the cumulative burden of tuberculosis, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In wound management, the control of infections represents a crucial issue and a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. For diabetic wounds ulcers, in particular, infections are related to the majority of amputations in diabetic patients, which today represent an increasing number of the elderly. The greatest barrier to healing is represented by the biofilm, an organized consortium of bacteria encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance with high resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies. There is an urgent need for novel anti-biofilm strategies and novel antimicrobial agents and, in this scenario, silver nanotechnology has received tremendous attention in recent years in therapeutically enhanced healthcare. Due to its intrinsic therapeutic properties and the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, silver nanoparticles have opened new horizons towards novel approaches in the control of infections in wound healing. This review aims at providing the reader with an overview of the most recent progress in silver nanotechnology, with a special focus on the role of silver in the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Paladini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Mauro Pollini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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312
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Singh N, Paknikar KM, Rajwade J. Gene expression is influenced due to 'nano' and 'ionic' copper in pre-formed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:367-375. [PMID: 31153105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Today, researchers across the globe suggest the use of antimicrobial coatings containing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) complementing the traditional protocols to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the commonest opportunistic pathogens, we assessed the anti-biofilm activity of CuNPs in P. aeruginosa MTCC 3541 and compared it with Cu2+ (copper sulphate) since the latter continues to be used as an antimicrobial-of-choice in food industries, agriculture and water treatment. In this study, we synthesized and characterized stable poly-acrylic acid (PAA) coated CuNPs with a size of 66-150 nm and zeta potential -13 mV. Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 3541 biofilms were highly resistant to both CuNPs and Cu2+ (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, MBIC 300 and >600 μg/mL respectively). Scanning electron microscopy revealed alterations in cell morphology upon treatment with CuNPs. A closer analysis of the biofilm-specific gene expression (qRT-PCR) revealed that CuNPs downregulated the genes involved in biofilm matrix formation, motility, efflux, membrane lipoprotein synthesis and DNA replication. Both, CuNPs and Cu2+ up regulated copper resistance and biofilm dispersion genes. Copper did not affect the bacterial communication system as evidenced by downregulation of the negative regulator of quorum sensing. The gene expression analysis reveals multiple cellular targets for CuNPs and ionic Cu. The present study highlights the fact that CuNPs affect the membrane functions adversely damaging the cell surface. In pre-formed biofilms, CuNPs were more toxic and displayed distinct responses attributable due to 'nano' and 'ionic' copper. Our findings thus support the use of CuNPs for curbing HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Singh
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune, 41107, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kishore M Paknikar
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune, 41107, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jyutika Rajwade
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune, 41107, Maharashtra, India.
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313
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Jain N, Mansuri A. Stopping the Unstoppable: Unconventional Methods to Prevent the Biofilm Growth. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:515-522. [PMID: 31362660 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190726153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microorganisms encased in extracellular matrix that protect cells from adverse conditions. A biofilm matrix is typically composed of extracellular DNA, cellulose and proteinaceous amyloid fibers. The matrix aids in adhesion to abiotic and biotic surface including medical devices and host tissues. The presence of biofilm makes bacteria more resilient and non-responsive to most current treatment regimes at disposal. Therefore, biofilm-associated infections are serious threat in hospital settings and pose a huge burden on economy. Inhibition of matrix components (cellulose and/or amyloid formation) has emerged as a lucrative alternative strategy to cure biofilm-related infections and combat antibiotic resistance. Here we review the current and emerging therapeutic interventions to mitigate persistent infections due to biofilms. The successful implementation of these interventions will have a huge impact on alleviating the current financial burden on healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
| | - Abdulkhalik Mansuri
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
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314
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Su Y, Feng T, Feng W, Pei Y, Li Z, Huo J, Xie C, Qu X, Li P, Huang W. Mussel‐Inspired, Surface‐Attachable Initiator for Grafting of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900268. [PMID: 31361063 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CBERM)Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Tao Feng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Yangyang Pei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Ziyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Jingjing Huo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Chao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Oral ImplantologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical University 169 West Changle Road Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Xue Qu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Peng Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CBERM)Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wei Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and EngineeringXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
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315
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Prevention of urinary catheter-associated infections by coating antimicrobial peptides from crowberry endophytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10753. [PMID: 31341199 PMCID: PMC6656713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary catheters are extensively used in hospitals, being responsible for about 75% of hospital-acquired infections. In this work, a de novo designed antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Chain201D was studied in the context of urinary catheter-associated infections. Chain201D showed excellent antimicrobial activity against relevant ATCC strains and clinical isolates of bacteria and yeast and demonstrated high stability in a wide range of temperatures, pH and salt concentrations. Moreover, the bactericidal activity of Chain201D immobilized on a model surface was studied against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), some of the most prevalent strains found in urinary catheter-associated infections. Chain201D was successfully tethered to ((1-mercapto-11-undecyl)-(tetra(ethylene glycol) (EG4)) terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), (EG4-SAMs), activated by 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) at different concentrations. Chain201D surfaces can bind and kill by contact a high percentage of adherent bacteria. These achievements are obtained without any peptide modification (for chemoselective conjugation) and without the use of a spacer. Moreover, increased amounts of immobilized AMP lead to higher numbers of adhered/dead bacteria, revealing a concentration-dependent behaviour and demonstrating that Chain201D has excellent potential for developing antimicrobial urinary catheters.
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316
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Promoting Beneficial and Inhibiting Undesirable Biofilm Formation with Mangrove Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143549. [PMID: 31331112 PMCID: PMC6678755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracts of two mangrove species, Bruguiera cylindrica and Laguncularia racemosa, have been analyzed at sub-lethal concentrations for their potential to modulate biofilm cycles (i.e., adhesion, maturation, and detachment) on a bacterium, yeast, and filamentous fungus. Methanolic leaf extracts were also characterized, and MS/MS analysis has been used to identify the major compounds. In this study, we showed the following. (i) Adhesion was reduced up to 85.4% in all the models except for E. coli, where adhesion was promoted up to 5.10-fold. (ii) Both the sum and ratio of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in mature biofilm were increased up to 2.5-fold and 2.6-fold in comparison to the negative control, respectively. Additionally, a shift toward a major production of exopolysaccharides was found coupled with a major production of both intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species. (iii) Lastly, detachment was generally promoted. In general, the L. racemosa extract had a higher bioactivity at lower concentrations than the B. cylindrica extract. Overall, our data showed a reduction in cells/conidia adhesion under B. cylindrica and L. racemosa exposure, followed by an increase of exopolysaccharides during biofilm maturation and a variable effect on biofilm dispersal. In conclusion, extracts either inhibited or enhanced biofilm development, and this effect depended on both the microbial taxon and biofilm formation step.
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317
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Panjaitan NSD, Horng YT, Cheng SW, Chung WT, Soo PC. EtcABC, a Putative EII Complex, Regulates Type 3 Fimbriae via CRP-cAMP Signaling in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1558. [PMID: 31354661 PMCID: PMC6629953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae on indwelling medical devices increases the risk of infection. Both type 1 and type 3 fimbriae are important factors in biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae. We found that a putative enzyme II (EII) complex of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), etcA (EIIA)-etcB (EIIB)-etcC (EIIC), regulated biofilm and type 3 fimbriae formation by K. pneumoniae STU1. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of etcABC in K. pneumoniae type 3 fimbriae formation was investigated. We found via quantitative RT-PCR that overexpression of etcABC enhanced the transcription level of the mrk operon, which is involved in type 3 fimbriae synthesis, and reduced the transcription level of the fim operon, which is involved in type 1 fimbriae synthesis. To gain further insight into the role of etcABC in type 3 fimbriae synthesis, we analyzed the region upstream of the mrk operon and found the potential cyclic 3′5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) binding site. After crp was deleted in K. pneumoniae STU1 and two clinical isolates, these three crp mutant strains could not express MrkA, the major subunit of the fimbrial shaft, indicating that CRP positively regulated type 3 fimbriae synthesis. Moreover, a crp mutant overexpressing etcABC could not express MrkA, indicating that the regulation of type 3 fimbriae by etcABC was dependent on CRP. In addition, deletion of cyaA, which encodes the adenylyl cyclase that synthesizes cAMP, and deletion of crr, which encodes the glucose-specific EIIA, led to a reduction in lac operon regulation and therefore bacterial lactose uptake in K. pneumoniae. Exogenous cAMP but not etcABC overexpression compensated for the role of cyaA in bacterial lactose uptake. However, either etcABC overexpression or exogenous cAMP compensated for the role of crr in bacterial lac operon regulation that would eventually restore lactose uptake. We also found via ELISA and the luxCDABE reporter system that overexpression of etcABC increased intracellular cAMP levels and the transcription level of crp, respectively, in K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, overexpression of etcABC positively regulated cAMP production and cAMP-CRP activity to activate the mrk operon, resulting in increased type 3 fimbriae synthesis in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Tze Horng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chi Soo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
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318
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del Campo A, Echeverría C, San Martín M, Cuervo‐Rodríguez R, Fernández‐García M, Muñoz‐Bonilla A. Porous Microstructured Surfaces with pH‐Triggered Antibacterial Properties. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900127. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV‐CSIC) C/Kelsen 5 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP‐CSIC) C/Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel San Martín
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP‐CSIC) C/Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Rocío Cuervo‐Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Avenida Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Fernández‐García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP‐CSIC) C/Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz‐Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP‐CSIC) C/Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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319
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Aiyer KS, Vijayakumar BS. An improvised microtiter dish biofilm assay for non-invasive biofilm detection on microbial fuel cell anodes and studying biofilm growth conditions. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:769-775. [PMID: 31104214 PMCID: PMC6863186 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial life is predominantly observed as biofilms, which are a sessile aggregation of microbial cells formed in response to stress conditions. The microtiter dish biofilm formation assay is one of the most important methods of studying biofilm formation. In this study, the assay has been improvised to allow easy detection of biofilm formation on different substrata. The method has then been used to study growth conditions that affect biofilm formation, viz., the effect of pH, temperature, shaking conditions, and the carbon source provided. Glass, cellulose acetate, and carbon cloth materials were used as substrata to study biofilm development under the above conditions. The method was then extended to determine biofilm formation on the anodes of a microbial fuel cell in order to study the effect of biofilm formation on power production. A high correlation was observed between biofilm formation and power density (r = 0.951). When the electrode containing a biofilm was replaced with another electrode without biofilm, the average power density dropped from 59.55 to 5.76 mW/m2. This method offers an easy way to study the suitability of different materials to support biofilm formation. Growth conditions determining biofilm formation can be studied using this method. This method also offers a non-invasive way to determine biofilm formation on anodes of microbial fuel cells and preserves the anode for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik S. Aiyer
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - B. S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
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320
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Ramos-Vivas J, Chapartegui-González I, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Fortún J, Escudero R, Marco F, Linares L, Montejo M, Aranzamendi M, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Aguado JM, Resino E, Ahufinger IG, Vega AP, Martínez-Martínez L, Fariñas MC. Biofilm formation by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from solid organ transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8928. [PMID: 31222089 PMCID: PMC6586660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk of developing infections by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). In this study, the biofilm-forming capability of 209 MDR strains (Escherichia coli n = 106, Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 78, and Enterobacter spp. n = 25) isolated from rectal swabs in the first 48 hours before or after kidney (93 patients), liver (60 patients) or kidney/pancreas transplants (5 patients) were evaluated by using a microplate assay. Thirty-nine strains were isolated before transplant and 170 strains were isolated post-transplant. Overall, 16% of E. coli strains, 73% of K. pneumoniae strains and 4% Enterobacter strains showed moderate or strong biofilm production. Nine strains isolated from infection sites after transplantation were responsible of infections in the first month. Of these, 4 K. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli and 1 Enterobacter spp. strains isolated pre-transplant or post-transplant as colonizers caused infections in the post-transplant period. Our results suggest that in vitro biofilm formation could be an important factor for adhesion to intestine and colonization in MDR K. pneumoniae strains in SOT recipients, but this factor appears to be less important for MDR E. coli and Enterobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Linares
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Montejo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces, S/N, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Maitane Aranzamendi
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces, S/N, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Aguado
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Resino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia Ahufinger
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Paz Vega
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 39011, Santander, Spain. .,Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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321
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De-la-Pinta I, Cobos M, Ibarretxe J, Montoya E, Eraso E, Guraya T, Quindós G. Effect of biomaterials hydrophobicity and roughness on biofilm development. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:77. [PMID: 31218489 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most hospitalized patients are carriers of biomedical devices. Infections associated with these devices cause great morbidity and mortality, especially in patients in intensive care units. Numerous strategies have been designed to prevent biofilm development on biodevices. However, biofilm formation is a complex process not fully clarified. In the current study, roughness and hydrophobicity of different biomaterials was analyzed to assess their influences on the biofilm formation of four leading etiological causes of healthcare-associated infections, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, using a CDC biofilm reactor. Hydrophobic materials allowed the formation of more abundant and profuse biofilms. Roughness had effect on biofilm formation, but its influence was not significant when material hydrophobicity was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker De-la-Pinta
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mónica Cobos
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julen Ibarretxe
- Departamento de Física aplicada I, Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Elena Eraso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Guraya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minera y Metalúrgica y Ciencia de los Materiales, Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, UFI 11/25, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
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322
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Yadav VK, Singh PK, Sharma D, Singh SK, Agarwal V. Mechanism underlying N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone mediated intracellular calcium mobilization in human platelets. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 79:102340. [PMID: 31207554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), are the key autoinducer molecules that mediate Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa produces two types of AHLs; N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12 HSL) and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4 HSL). AHLs are not only regulating the virulence gene of bacteria but also influence the host cell functions by interkingdom signaling. In this study, we explored the mechanism of AHLs induced calcium mobilization in human platelets. We found that 3-oxo-C12 HSL but not C4 HSL induces intracellular calcium release. 3-oxo-C12 HSL induced calcium mobilization was majorly contributed from the dense tubular system (DTS). Furthermore, 3-oxo-C12 HSL also stimulates the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in platelet. Intracellular calcium rise was significantly lowered in rotenone, and bafilomycin pre-treated platelets suggesting partial involvement of mitochondria and acidic vacuoles. The significant effect of 3-oxo-C12 HSL on calcium mobilization can alter the platelet functions that might results in thrombotic disorders in individuals infected with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Deepmala Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
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323
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Kundrat V, Cernekova N, Kovalcik A, Enev V, Marova I. Drug Release Kinetics of Electrospun PHB Meshes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12121924. [PMID: 31207921 PMCID: PMC6631252 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has several advantages including its biocompatibility and ability to degrade in vivo and in vitro without toxic substances. This paper investigates the feasibility of electrospun PHB meshes serving as drug delivery systems. The morphology of the electrospun samples was modified by varying the concentration of PHB in solution and the solvent composition. Scanning electron microscopy of the electrospun PHB scaffolds revealed the formation of different morphologies including porous, filamentous/beaded and fiber structures. Levofloxacin was used as the model drug for incorporation into PHB electrospun meshes. The entrapment efficiency was found to be dependent on the viscosity of the PHB solution used for electrospinning and ranged from 14.4–81.8%. The incorporation of levofloxacin in electrospun meshes was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The effect of the morphology of the electrospun meshes on the levofloxacin release profile was screened in vitro in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Depending upon the morphology, the electrospun meshes released about 14–20% of levofloxacin during the first 24 h. The percentage of drug released after 13 days increased up to 32.4% and was similar for all tested morphologies. The antimicrobial efficiency of all tested samples independent of the morphology, was confirmed by agar diffusion testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kundrat
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Nicole Cernekova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Adriana Kovalcik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Enev
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Marova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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324
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Anju VT, Paramanantham P, Siddhardha B, Sruthil Lal SB, Sharan A, Alyousef AA, Arshad M, Syed A. Malachite green-conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes potentiate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of planktonic cells and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3861-3874. [PMID: 31213806 PMCID: PMC6549752 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s202734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Infections associated with medical devices that are caused by biofilms remain a considerable challenge for health care systems owing to their multidrug resistance patterns. Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus can result in life-threatening situations which are tough to eliminate by traditional methods. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDT) constitutes an alternative method of killing deadly pathogens and their biofilms using reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the efficacy of enhanced in vitro aPDT of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus using malachite green conjugated to carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MGCNT). Both the planktonic cells and biofilms of test bacteria were demonstrated to be susceptible to the MGCNT conjugate. These MGCNT conjugates may thus be employed as a facile strategy for designing antibacterial and anti-biofilm coatings to prevent the infections associated with medical devices. Methods: Conjugation of the cationic dye malachite green to carbon nanotube was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus photodestruction were studied using MGCNT conjugate irradiated for 3 mins with a red laser of wavelength 660 nm and radiant exposure of 58.49 J cm-2. Results: Upon MGCNT treatment, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were reduced by 5.16 and 5.55 log10 , respectively. Compared to free dye, treatment with MGCNT afforded improved phototoxicity against test bacteria, concomitant with greater ROS production. The results revealed improved biofilm inhibition, exopolysaccharide inhibition, and reduced cell viability in test bacteria treated with MGCNT conjugate. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms were considerably reduced to 60.20±2.48% and 67.59±3.53%, respectively. Enhanced relative MGCNT phototoxicity in test bacteria was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Conclusion: The findings indicated that MGCNT conjugate could be useful to eliminate the biofilms formed on medical devices by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Anju
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Parasuraman Paramanantham
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Busi Siddhardha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - S B Sruthil Lal
- Department of Physics, School of Physical, Chemical & Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Alok Sharan
- Department of Physics, School of Physical, Chemical & Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Abdullah A Alyousef
- Microbiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Microbiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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325
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Canaparo R, Foglietta F, Giuntini F, Della Pepa C, Dosio F, Serpe L. Recent Developments in Antibacterial Therapy: Focus on Stimuli-Responsive Drug-Delivery Systems and Therapeutic Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:E1991. [PMID: 31137622 PMCID: PMC6572634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional drugs used for antibacterial therapy display several limitations. This is not due to antibiotics being ineffective, but rather due to their low bioavailability, limited penetration to sites of infection and the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. Although new delivery systems (e.g., nanoparticles) that are loaded with antibacterial drugs have been designed to overcome these limitations, therapeutic efficacy does not seem to have improved. Against this backdrop, stimuli-responsive antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles and materials with antimicrobial properties (nanoantibiotics) present the ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy, while also reducing drug resistance and side effects. These stimuli can either be exogenous (e.g., light, ultrasound) or endogenous (e.g., pH, variation in redox gradient, enzymes). This promising therapeutic approach relies on advances in materials science and increased knowledge of microorganism growth and biofilm formation. This review provides an overview in the field of antibacterial drug-delivery systems and nanoantibiotics that benefit from a response to specific triggers, and also presents a number of future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AJ, UK.
| | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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326
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Huang K, Dou F, Nitin N. Biobased Sanitizer Delivery System for Improved Sanitation of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17204-17214. [PMID: 30997985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms can persist in food-processing environments because of their relatively higher tolerance and resistance to antimicrobials including sanitizers. In this study, a novel biobased sanitizer composition was developed to effectively target biofilms and deliver chlorine-based sanitizers to inactivate bacterial and fungal biofilms. The biobased composition was developed by encapsulating a chlorine-binding polymer in a biobased yeast cell wall particle (YCWP) microcarrier. This study demonstrates the high affinity of biobased compositions to bind target bacterial and fungal cells and inactivate 5 logs of model pathogenic bacteria and fungi in wash water without and with high organic load (chemical oxygen demand = 2000 mg/L) in 30 s and 5 min, respectively. For the sanitation of biofilms, this biobased sanitizer can inactivate 7 logs of pathogenic bacteria and 3 logs of fungi after 1 h treatment, whereas the 1 h treatment using conventional chlorine-based sanitizer can only achieve 2-3 log reduction for bacterial biofilms and 1-2 log reduction for fungal biofilms, respectively. The enhanced antimicrobial activity can be attributed to three factors: (a) localized high concentration of chlorine bound on the YCWPs; (b) high affinity of YCWPs to bind diverse microbes; and (c) improved stability in an organic-rich aqueous environment. In summary, these unique attributes of biobased carriers will significantly enhance the sanitation efficacy of biofilms, reduce the persistence and transmission of antimicrobial resistant microbes, limit the use of antimicrobial chemicals, and improve the cost-effectiveness of sanitizers.
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327
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Cochis A, Azzimonti B, Chiesa R, Rimondini L, Gasik M. Metallurgical Gallium Additions to Titanium Alloys Demonstrate a Strong Time-Increasing Antibacterial Activity without any Cellular Toxicity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2815-2820. [PMID: 33405586 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic metallic devices are often related with devasting complications due to acute prosthetic joint infections. Gallium (Ga) antibacterial activity has been demonstrated by the evidence that Ga in solution ionizes in a Ga3+ trivalent form that replace Fe3+ thus arresting metabolism. However, it is not clear whether such effect is restricted only to Ga3+ release laps. Accordingly, here we investigated Ga addition into titanium alloys using metallurgical methods, thus realizing intermetallides of a very high stability that contain Ga in the range of 1, 2, 20, and 23% wt. ICP-OES analysis confirmed that Ga ions were not released from the specimens regardless of the Ga amount. These alloys ensured long-lasting Ga effect toward multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whose metabolic activity was reduced of >80% in comparison with controls. Finally, specimens cytocompatibility was confirmed by direct and indirect contact evaluations with mature osteoblasts and preosteoblasts progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, C.so Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, C.so Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, C.so Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Michael Gasik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Foundation, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 AALTO, Finland
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328
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Vyas N, Manmi K, Wang Q, Jadhav AJ, Barigou M, Sammons RL, Kuehne SA, Walmsley AD. Which Parameters Affect Biofilm Removal with Acoustic Cavitation? A Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1044-1055. [PMID: 30792088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a cause of contamination in a wide range of medical and biological areas. Ultrasound is a mechanical energy that can remove these biofilms using cavitation and acoustic streaming, which generate shear forces to disrupt biofilm from a surface. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the literature on the mechanical removal of biofilm using acoustic cavitation to identify the different operating parameters affecting its removal using this method. The properties of the liquid and the properties of the ultrasound have a large impact on the type of cavitation generated. These include gas content, temperature, surface tension, frequency of ultrasound and acoustic pressure. For many of these parameters, more research is required to understand their mechanisms in the area of ultrasonic biofilm removal, and further research will help to optimise this method for effective removal of biofilms from different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vyas
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kawa Manmi
- School of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Qianxi Wang
- School of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ananda J Jadhav
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mostafa Barigou
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Sammons
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Damien Walmsley
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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329
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Durgadevi R, Veera Ravi A, Alexpandi R, Krishnan Swetha T, Abirami G, Vishnu S, Karutha Pandian S. Virulence targeted inhibitory effect of linalool against the exclusive uropathogen Proteus mirabilis. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:508-525. [PMID: 31144520 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1619704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is one of the leading causes of catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTI) in individuals with prolonged urinary catheterization. Since, biofilm assisted antibiotic resistance is reported to complicate the treatment strategies of P. mirabilis infections, the present study was aimed to attenuate biofilm and virulence factor production in P. mirabilis. Linalool is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol found in a wide range of flowers and spice plants and has many biological applications. In this study, linalool exhibited concentration dependent anti-biofilm activity against crystalline biofilm of P. mirabilis through reduced production of the virulence enzyme urease that raises the urinary pH and drives the formation of crystals (struvite) in the biofilm. The results of q-PCR analysis unveiled the down regulation of biofilm/virulence associated genes upon linalool treatment, which was in correspondence with the in vitro bioassays. Thus, this study reports the feasibility of linalool acting as a promising anti-biofilm agent against P. mirabilis mediated CAUTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajaiah Alexpandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | | | - Gurusamy Abirami
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Selvam Vishnu
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Tamil Nadu , India
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330
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Costa B, Mota R, Parreira P, Tamagnini P, L Martins MC, Costa F. Broad-Spectrum Anti-Adhesive Coating Based on an Extracellular Polymer from a Marine Cyanobacterium. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040243. [PMID: 31022915 PMCID: PMC6520837 DOI: 10.3390/md17040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical device-associated infections are a major health threat, representing about half of all hospital-acquired infections. Current strategies to prevent this problem based on device coatings with antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics or antiseptics) have proven to be insufficient, often toxic, and even promoting bacterial resistance. Herein, we report the development of an infection-preventive coating (CyanoCoating) produced with an extracellular polymer released by the marine cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. CCY 0110. CyanoCoating was prepared by spin-coating and its bacterial anti-adhesive efficiency was evaluated against relevant etiological agents (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and platelets, both in the presence or absence of human plasma proteins. CyanoCoating cytotoxicity was assessed using the L929 fibroblasts cell line. CyanoCoating exhibited a smooth topography, low thickness and high hydrophilic properties with mild negative charge. The non-cytotoxic CyanoCoating prevented adhesion of all the bacteria tested (≤80%) and platelets (<87%), without inducing platelet activation (even in the presence of plasma proteins). The significant reduction in protein adsorption (<77%) confirmed its anti-adhesive properties. The development of this anti-adhesive coating is an important step towards the establishment of a new technological platform capable of preventing medical device-associated infections, without inducing thrombus formation in blood-contacting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Costa
- i3S⁻Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB⁻Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Mota
- i3S⁻Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC⁻Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Parreira
- i3S⁻Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB⁻Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S⁻Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC⁻Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S⁻Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB⁻Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS⁻Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fabíola Costa
- i3S⁻Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB⁻Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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331
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A. Smart Drug Release from Medical Devices. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:544-554. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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332
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Antibacterial bone substitute of hydroxyapatite and magnesium oxide to prevent dental and orthopaedic infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:529-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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333
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Bagchi D, Bhattacharya A, Dutta T, Nag S, Wulferding D, Lemmens P, Pal SK. Nano MOF Entrapping Hydrophobic Photosensitizer for Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Unprecedented Therapeutic Action against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1772-1780. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damayanti Bagchi
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Tanushree Dutta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Sudip Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dirk Wulferding
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 3, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Peter Lemmens
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 3, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
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334
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Ajdnik U, Zemljič LF, Bračič M, Maver U, Plohl O, Rebol J. Functionalisation of Silicone by Drug-Embedded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Potential Applications in Otorhinolaryngology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E847. [PMID: 30871195 PMCID: PMC6471903 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicones are widely used medical materials that are also applied for tympanostomy tubes with a trending goal to functionalise the surface of the latter to enhance the healing of ear inflammations and other ear diseases, where such medical care is required. This study focuses on silicone surface treatment with various antimicrobial coatings. Polysaccharide coatings in the form of chitosan nanoparticles alone, or with an embedded drug mixture composed of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) were prepared and applied onto silicone material. Plasma activation was also used as a pre-treatment for activation of the material's surface for better adhesion of the coatings. The size of the nanoparticles was measured using the DLS method (Dynamic Light Scattering), stability of the dispersion was determined with zeta potential measurements, whilst the physicochemical properties of functionalised silicone materials were examined using the UV-Vis method (Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). Moreover, in vitro drug release testing was used to follow the desorption kinetics and antimicrobial properties were tested by a bacterial cell count reduction assay using the standard gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The results show silicone materials as suitable materials for tympanostomy tubes, with the coating developed in this study showing excellent antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition properties. This implies a potential for better healing of ear inflammation, making the newly developed approach for the preparation of functionalised tympanostomy tubes promising for further testing towards clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Ajdnik
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Matej Bračič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Olivija Plohl
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Rebol
- University Medical Centre Maribor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cervical and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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335
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Alizadeh A, Razmjou A, Ghaedi M, Jannesar R. Nanoporous solid-state membranes modified with multi-wall carbon nanotubes with anti-biofouling property. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1669-1685. [PMID: 30880972 PMCID: PMC6407906 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanoporous membranes have been employing more than before in applications such as biomedical due to nanometer hexagonal pores array. Biofouling is one of the important problems in these applications that used nanoporous membranes and are in close contact with microorganisms. Surface modification of the membrane is one way to prevent biofilm formation; therefore, the membrane made in this work is modified with carbon nanotubes. METHODS In this work, nanoporous solid-state membrane (NSSM) was made by a two-step anodization method, and then modified with carbon nanotubes (NSSM-multi-wall carbon nanotubes [MWCNT]) by a simple chemical reaction. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle (CA), surface free energy (SFE), protein adsorption, flow cytometry, and MTT assay were used for membrane characterization. RESULTS The BSA protein adsorption capacity reduced from 992.54 to 97.24 (μg mL-1 cm-2) after modification. The findings of flow cytometry and MTT assay confirmed that the number of dead bacteria was higher on the NSSM-MWCNT surface than that of control. Adsorption models of Freundlich and Langmuir and kinetics models were studied to understand the governing mechanism by which bacteria migrate to the membrane surface. CONCLUSION The cell viability of absorbed bacteria on the NSSM-MWCNT was disrupted in direct physical contact with carbon nanotubes. Then, the dead bacteria were desorbed from the surface of the hydrophilic membrane. The results of this research showed that NSSM-MWCNT containing carbon nanotubes have significant antimicrobial and self-cleaning property that can be used in many biomedical devices without facing the eminent problem of biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Alizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran,
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran,
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia,
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran,
| | - Ramin Jannesar
- Department of Pathology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591741417, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Nanotechnology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasuj 7591774414, Iran
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336
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Cabal B, Sevillano D, Fernández-García E, Alou L, Suárez M, González N, Moya JS, Torrecillas R. Bactericidal ZnO glass-filled thermoplastic polyurethane and polydimethyl siloxane composites to inhibit biofilm-associated infections. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2762. [PMID: 30808968 PMCID: PMC6391378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates a novel approach to controlling biofilms of the most frequent pathogens implicated in the etiology of biomaterials-associated infections. New bactericidal filler based on a non-toxic glass, belonging to B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-ZnO system, was used to formulate composites of the most widely used polymers in biomedical applications [i.e. thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS)], with varying percentage by weight of the bactericidal glass (5, 15, 25, 35, 50%). Glass-filled polymer composites show dramatically restricted bacterial colonisation and biofilm formation. They exhibit time- and dose-dependent killing, with maximal action at 5 days. The highest activity was found against S.epidermidis biofilm (99% of reduction), one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections. The tensile properties of the obtained glass-filled composites are comparable with the literature data concerning polymeric biomaterials for medical implants and devices. In addition, all the materials presented in this research, revealed an excellent biocompatibility. This was disclosed by cell viability values above 70%, none alteration on erythrocyte membrane or cell functionality in contact with materials (haemolytic index 0-2%), and absence of interferences in blood coagulation (intrinsic, extrinsic and final pathways).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Cabal
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Nanoker Research, Pol. Ind. Olloniego, Parcela 22A, Nave 5, 33660, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - David Sevillano
- Microbiology Unit, Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Fernández-García
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Luis Alou
- Microbiology Unit, Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Suárez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Nanoker Research, Pol. Ind. Olloniego, Parcela 22A, Nave 5, 33660, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia González
- Microbiology Unit, Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José S Moya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Ramón Torrecillas
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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337
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Butini ME, Abbandonato G, Di Rienzo C, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Isothermal Microcalorimetry Detects the Presence of Persister Cells in a Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm After Vancomycin Treatment. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 30858842 PMCID: PMC6398423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm plays a major role in implant-associated infections. Here, the susceptibility of biofilm S. aureus to daptomycin, fosfomycin, vancomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, and rifampicin was investigated by isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). Moreover, the persister status of cells isolated from S. aureus biofilm after treatment with vancomycin was also analyzed. S. aureus biofilm was tolerant to all the antibiotics tested [minimum biofilm bactericidal concentration (MBBC) > 256 μg/ml], except to daptomycin [MBBC and minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) = 32 μg/ml] and rifampin (MBBC and MBEC = 128 μg/ml). After the treatment of MRSA biofilm with 1024 μg/ml vancomycin, ∼5% cells survived, although metabolically inactive (persisters). Interestingly, IMC revealed that persister bacteria reverted to a normal-growing phenotype when inoculated into fresh medium without antibiotics. A staggered treatment of MRSA biofilm with vancomycin to kill all the metabolically active cells and daptomycin to kill persister cells eradicated the whole bacterial population. These results support the use in the clinical practice of a therapeutic regimen based on the use of two antibiotics to kill persister cells and eradicate MRSA biofilms. IMC represents a suitable technique to characterize in real-time the reversion from persister to metabolically-active cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Butini
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerardo Abbandonato
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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338
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Vale J, Ribeiro M, Abreu AC, Soares-Silva I, Simões M. The use of selected phytochemicals with EDTA against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis single- and dual-species biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:313-320. [PMID: 30790318 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a novel and effective antibacterial formulation combining selected phytochemical compounds (quercetin, cuminaldehyde, indole-3-carbinol and vanillic acid) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), an aminopolycarboxylic acid. The antibacterial activity of the combinations was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis in planktonic and sessile states as single and dual species. The compounds when applied individually demonstrated modest antibacterial activity. Nevertheless, synergy was observed when EDTA was combined with the selected phytochemicals, particularly with cuminaldehyde and indole-3-carbinol. These combinations were evaluated against single- and dual-species biofilms. An inactivation of 100% was obtained for almost all the biofilms, with E. coli biofilms showing the highest resistance. This study allowed the discovery of novel formulations of phytochemical compounds with antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. epidermidis single- and dual-species biofilms at concentrations close to the minimum bactericidal concentration. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The synergistic combinations of EDTA and cuminaldehyde or indole-3-carbinol were effective against single- and dual-species E. coli and S. epidermidis planktonic cells and biofilms. The overall results highlight the role of phytochemical products as a green and sustainable source of antimicrobial potentiators to control bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vale
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ribeiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Abreu
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Soares-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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339
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Halvey AK, Macdonald B, Dhyani A, Tuteja A. Design of surfaces for controlling hard and soft fouling. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180266. [PMID: 30967072 PMCID: PMC6335287 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present a framework to guide the design of surfaces which are resistant to solid fouling, based on the modulus and length scale of the fouling material. Solid fouling is defined as the undesired attachment of solid contaminants including ice, clathrates, waxes, inorganic scale, polymers, proteins, dust and biological materials. We first provide an overview of the surface design approaches typically applied across the scope of solid fouling and explain how these disparate research efforts can be united to an extent under a single framework. We discuss how the elastic modulus and the operating length scale of a foulant determine its ability or inability to elastically deform surfaces. When surface deformation occurs, minimization of the substrate elastic modulus is critical for the facile de-bonding of a solid contaminant. Foulants with low modulus or small deposition sizes cannot deform an elastic bulk material and instead de-bond more readily from surfaces with chemistries that minimize their interfacial free energy or induce a particular repellant interaction with the foulant. Overall, we review reported surface design strategies for the reduction in solid fouling, and provide perspective regarding how our framework, together with the modulus and length scale of a foulant, can guide future antifouling surface designs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kate Halvey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian Macdonald
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abhishek Dhyani
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anish Tuteja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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340
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Abouelhassan Y, Zhang P, Ding Y, Huigens Iii RW. Rapid kill assessment of an N-arylated NH125 analogue against drug-resistant microorganisms. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:712-716. [PMID: 31191861 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
While a number of disinfection techniques are employed in healthcare units, the eradication of drug-resistant microorganisms remains a challenge. We recently reported N-arylated NH125 analogue 1, which demonstrated potent biofilm eradication and antibacterial activities against a panel of drug-resistant pathogens. The broad-spectrum activities observed for 1 along with its rapid eradication of MRSA persister cells suggested that this agent, and related analogues, can serve as disinfectants for antibiotic resistant pathogens in healthcare settings. Here, we report the rapid bactericidal activities of 1 against a panel of exponentially-growing, drug-resistant pathogens. Against MRSA, MRSE, VRE and MDR A. baumannii, 1 eradicated bacterial cells after five minutes when tested at 50 μM (3- to 6-log reduction of CFU per mL). We highlighted the rapid killing activities by demonstrating that 1 eradicates 99.99% of viable MRSA 1707 cells in one minute (50 μM, 4-log reduction of CFU per mL). In addition, 1 rapidly eradicated fungal pathogen C. neoformans in kill kinetic experiments. A solution of 1 demonstrated similar shelf stability to known disinfectant BAC-16 when tested up to 111 days after being stored. Collectively, our data highlights the potential of 1 to be used as a disinfecting agent to prevent healthcare-associated, drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32610 , USA .
| | - Peilan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32610 , USA .
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32610 , USA .
| | - Robert W Huigens Iii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32610 , USA .
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341
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The peptidoglycan and biofilm matrix of Staphylococcus epidermidis undergo structural changes when exposed to human platelets. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211132. [PMID: 30682094 PMCID: PMC6347161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium frequently isolated from contaminated platelet concentrates (PCs), a blood product used to treat bleeding disorders in transfusion patients. PCs offer an accidental niche for colonization of S. epidermidis by forming biofilms and thus avoiding clearance by immune factors present in this milieu. Using biochemical and microscopy techniques, we investigated the structural changes of the peptidoglycan (PG) and the biofilm matrix of S. epidermidis biofilms formed in whole-blood derived PCs compared to biofilms grown in glucose-supplemented trypticase soy broth (TSBg). Both, the PG and the biofilm matrix are primary mechanisms of defense against environmental stress. Here we show that in PCs, the S. epidermidis biofilm matrix is mainly of a proteinaceous nature with extracellular DNA, in contrast to the predominant polysaccharide nature of the biofilm matrix formed in TSBg cultures. PG profile studies demonstrated that the PG of biofilm cells remodels during PC storage displaying fewer muropeptides variants than those observed in TSBg. The PG muropeptides contain two chemical modifications (amidation and O-acetylation) previously associated with resistance to antimicrobial agents by other staphylococci. Our study highlights two key structural features of S. epidermidis that are remodeled when exposed to human platelets and could be used as targets to reduce septic transfusions events.
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342
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Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:1672109. [PMID: 30805068 PMCID: PMC6362494 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1672109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In healthy women, the cervicovaginal microbiota is mostly populated by Lactobacillus spp., the main host defense factor of the female genital tract. In addition to Lactobacilli, other microorganisms populate the cervicovaginal microbiota, like Candida spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis. The overgrowth of Candida spp. or G. vaginalis, known as biofilm-producing microorganisms in the genital ecosystem, may lead to microbial dysbiosis that increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, like Chlamydia trachomatis. C. trachomatis, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, is still considered an important public health problem worldwide because of the impact of asymptomatic infections on long-term reproductive sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. The aim of our study was to investigate the interaction between C. trachomatis and the biofilm produced by Candida albicans or Gardnerella vaginalis, evaluating whether the biofilm can harbor C. trachomatis and influence its survival as well as its infectious properties. In order to do so, we developed an in vitro coculture transwell-based biofilm model. Our findings proved, for the first time, that C. trachomatis, an intracellular obligate pathogen, survived, for up to 72 hours after exposure, inside the biofilm produced by C. albicans or G. vaginalis, retaining its infectious properties, as evidenced by the typical chlamydial inclusions observed in the cell monolayer (chlamydial inclusion-forming units at 72 h: 9255 ± 1139 and 9873 ± 1015, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that the biofilm related to Candida or Gardnerella genital infections may act as a reservoir of C. trachomatis and, thus, contribute to the transmission of the infection in the population as well as to its dissemination into the upper genital tract, increasing the risk of developing severe reproductive sequelae.
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343
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Adaptation Through Lifestyle Switching Sculpts the Fitness Landscape of Evolving Populations: Implications for the Selection of Drug-Resistant Bacteria at Low Drug Pressures. Genetics 2019; 211:1029-1044. [PMID: 30670539 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.301834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel genotypes evolve under selection through mutations in pre-existing genes. However, mutations have pleiotropic phenotypic effects that influence the fitness of emerging genotypes in complex ways. The evolution of antimicrobial resistance is mediated by selection of mutations in genes coding for antibiotic-target proteins. Drug-resistance is commonly associated with a fitness cost due to the impact of resistance-conferring mutations on protein function and/or stability. These costs are expected to prohibit the selection of drug-resistant mutations at low drug pressures. Using laboratory evolution of rifampicin resistance in Escherichia coli, we show that when exposed intermittently to low concentration (0.1 × minimal inhibitory concentration) of rifampicin, the evolution of canonical drug resistance was indeed unfavorable. Instead, these bacterial populations adapted by evolving into small-colony variants that displayed enhanced pellicle-forming ability. This shift in lifestyle from planktonic to pellicle-like was necessary for enhanced fitness at low drug pressures, and was mediated by the genetic activation of the fim operon promoter, which allowed expression of type I fimbriae. Upon continued low drug exposure, these bacteria evolved exclusively into high-level drug-resistant strains through mutations at a limited set of loci within the rifampicin-resistance determining region of the rpoB gene. We show that our results are explained by mutation-specific epistasis, resulting in differential impact of lifestyle switching on the competitive fitness of different rpoB mutations. Thus, lifestyle-alterations that are selected at low selection pressures have the potential to modify the fitness effects of mutations, change the genetic structure, and affect the ultimate fate of evolving populations.
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344
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Nanotheranostics Approaches in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance. Nanotheranostics 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29768-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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345
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Li M, Kang ET, Chua KL, Neoh KG. Sugar-powered nanoantimicrobials for combating bacterial biofilms. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2961-2974. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-modified cyclodextrin complexed with quorum sensing inhibitor and antibiotics showed enhanced efficacy in preventing and eradicating bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
| | - Kim Lee Chua
- Department of Biochemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
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346
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Robinett NG, Culbertson EM, Peterson RL, Sanchez H, Andes DR, Nett JE, Culotta VC. Exploiting the vulnerable active site of a copper-only superoxide dismutase to disrupt fungal pathogenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2700-2713. [PMID: 30593499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-only superoxide dismutases (SODs) represent a new class of SOD enzymes that are exclusively extracellular and unique to fungi and oomycetes. These SODs are essential for virulence of fungal pathogens in pulmonary and disseminated infections, and we show here an additional role for copper-only SODs in promoting survival of fungal biofilms. The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans expresses three copper-only SODs, and deletion of one of them, SOD5, eradicated candidal biofilms on venous catheters in a rodent model. Fungal copper-only SODs harbor an irregular active site that, unlike their Cu,Zn-SOD counterparts, contains a copper co-factor unusually open to solvent and lacks zinc for stabilizing copper binding, making fungal copper-only SODs highly vulnerable to metal chelators. We found that unlike mammalian Cu,Zn-SOD1, C. albicans SOD5 indeed rapidly loses its copper to metal chelators such as EDTA, and binding constants for Cu(II) predict that copper-only SOD5 has a much lower affinity for copper than does Cu,Zn-SOD1. We screened compounds with a variety of indications and identified several metal-binding compounds, including the ionophore pyrithione zinc (PZ), that effectively inhibit C. albicans SOD5 but not mammalian Cu,Zn-SOD1. We observed that PZ both acts as an ionophore that promotes uptake of toxic metals and inhibits copper-only SODs. The pros and cons of a vulnerable active site for copper-only SODs and the possible exploitation of this vulnerability in antifungal drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G Robinett
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 and
| | - Edward M Culbertson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 and
| | - Ryan L Peterson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 and
| | - Hiram Sanchez
- the Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - David R Andes
- the Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- the Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Valeria C Culotta
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 and
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347
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Patey C, Norman P, Bishop N, Bartellas M, Dubrowski A. Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of a New 3D Printed Tongue Depressor Dispenser. Cureus 2018; 10:e3764. [PMID: 30868000 PMCID: PMC6402536 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this technical report was two-fold. First was to describe the concept, development and initial implementation of a three-dimensional (3D) printing network focussed on manufacturing simulators and simple devices necessary to the functioning of rural hospital and clinics. Second was to describe the design, fabrication and user-based evaluation of a cost-effective tongue depressor dispenser. The initial successful setup and implementation of the 3D printing network were modelled using four of the five implementation constructs derived from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The 3D printing of the tongue depressor dispenser was found to be an effective and economic initiative. Without considering the initial design costs, the materials costs were estimated at $6 Canadian per dispenser. After installation of the dispenser in a busy emergency department, hospital leadership and staff viewed it as a safer option to the current dispense, and more affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Patey
- Emergency Medicine, Carbonear General Hospital, Carbonear , CAN
| | - Paul Norman
- Emergency Medicine, Carbonear General Hospital, Carbonear, CAN
| | - Nicole Bishop
- Medical Education and Simulation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, CAN
| | - Michael Bartellas
- Internal Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.John's, CAN
| | - Adam Dubrowski
- Emergency Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, CAN
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348
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Ghaffari S, Sarp ASK, Lange D, Gülsoy M. Potassium iodide potentiated photodynamic inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis using Toluidine Blue: Comparative analysis and post-treatment biofilm formation study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:245-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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349
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Simon G, Bérubé C, Voyer N, Grenier D. Anti-biofilm and anti-adherence properties of novel cyclic dipeptides against oral pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:2323-2331. [PMID: 30528685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms embedded in a biofilm are significantly more resistant to antimicrobial agents and the defences of the human immune system, than their planktonic counterpart. Consequently, compounds that can inhibit biofilm formation are of great interest for novel therapeutics. In this study, a screening approach was used to identify novel cyclic dipeptides that have anti-biofilm activity against oral pathogens. Five new active compounds were identified that prevent biofilm formation by the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. These compounds also inhibit the adherence of microorganisms to a hydroxylapatite surface. Further investigations were conducted on these compounds to establish the structure-activity relationship, and it was deduced that the common cleft pattern is required for these molecules to act effectively against biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Simon
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christopher Bérubé
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. normand.voyer.@chm.ulaval.ca
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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350
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Antonoplis A, Zang X, Huttner MA, Chong KKL, Lee YB, Co JY, Amieva MR, Kline KA, Wender PA, Cegelski L. A Dual-Function Antibiotic-Transporter Conjugate Exhibits Superior Activity in Sterilizing MRSA Biofilms and Killing Persister Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16140-16151. [PMID: 30388366 PMCID: PMC6430714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New strategies are urgently needed to target MRSA, a major global health problem and the leading cause of mortality from antibiotic-resistant infections in many countries. Here, we report a general approach to this problem exemplified by the design and synthesis of a vancomycin-d-octaarginine conjugate (V-r8) and investigation of its efficacy in addressing antibiotic-insensitive bacterial populations. V-r8 eradicated MRSA biofilm and persister cells in vitro, outperforming vancomycin by orders of magnitude. It also eliminated 97% of biofilm-associated MRSA in a murine wound infection model and displayed no acute dermal toxicity. This new dual-function conjugate displays enhanced cellular accumulation and membrane perturbation as compared to vancomycin. Based on its rapid and potent activity against biofilm and persister cells, V-r8 is a promising agent against clinical MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Antonoplis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melanie A. Huttner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kelvin K. L. Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- Nanyang Technological University Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
| | - Yu B. Lee
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Julia Y. Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Manuel R. Amieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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