301
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Albonici L, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Manzari V, Bei R. Multifaceted Role of the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) in the Antitumor Immune Response and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122970. [PMID: 31216652 PMCID: PMC6627047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharing of molecules function that affects both tumor growth and neoangiogenesis with cells of the immune system creates a mutual interplay that impairs the host’s immune response against tumor progression. Increasing evidence shows that tumors are able to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting specific immune cells. Moreover, molecules produced by tumor and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive milieu able to inhibit the development of an efficient immune response against cancer cells and thus fostering tumor growth and progression. In addition, the immunoediting could select cancer cells that are less immunogenic or more resistant to lysis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the immunomodulatory effects and cancer progression of the angiogenic growth factor namely placental growth factor (PlGF) and address the biological complex effects of this cytokine. Different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response in which, directly or indirectly, PlGF is involved in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis will be described. PlGF is important for building up vascular structures and functions. Although PlGF effects on vascular and tumor growth have been widely summarized, its functions in modulating the immune intra-tumoral microenvironment have been less highlighted. In agreement with PlGF functions, different antitumor strategies can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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302
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Hirakawa Y, Ogata T, Sasada T, Yamashita T, Itoh K, Tanaka H, Okuda K. Immunological consequences following splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:848-856. [PMID: 31281459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune status in patients with liver cirrhosis is generally impaired due to concomitant hypersplenism. As the spleen is the largest lymphoid organ, deleterious events resulting from splenectomy are of concern in these patients. However, the immunological consequences after splenectomy have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, the immune status after splenectomy was comprehensively examined. Splenectomy was performed in 11 patients with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism, and the immune status in peripheral blood was examined and compared before and at 1, 3 and 6 months after splenectomy. Splenectomy significantly lowered the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, due to a surge in lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation at 3 and 6 months after splenectomy. The frequency of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells decreased after splenectomy, whereas the frequency of CD8+ T cells increased. Notably, the frequencies of the naïve and central memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased, whereas those of the effector memory subset trended upward. In addition, the frequencies of other immune cells such as γδ T cells, natural killer T cells and natural killer cells transiently increased, while inhibitory cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells significantly decreased. T-cell responses to viral- and tumor-associated antigens increased after splenectomy in five of eight and two of five patients, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to precisely examine the drastic changes of immunological phenotypes in peripheral blood after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis. Our findings suggested that splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis may ameliorate the impaired immune status, possibly by reducing suppressive cells and enhancing the effector cell population and function, which could, at least in part, explain the mechanisms responsible for the clinical benefits of splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirakawa
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ogata
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-8543, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0863, Japan.,Cancer Vaccine Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Takuto Yamashita
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kyogo Itoh
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0863, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Koji Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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303
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Toor SM, Sasidharan Nair V, Pfister G, Elkord E. Effect of pembrolizumab on CD4 + CD25 + , CD4 + LAP + and CD4 + TIM-3 + T cell subsets. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:345-352. [PMID: 30693485 PMCID: PMC6514373 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune evasion involves the expansion of avidly proliferating immunosuppressive cells and inhibition of effector T cell proliferation. Immune checkpoints (IC) block the activation pathways of tumor-reactive T cells. IC pathways are often exploited by tumor cells to evade immune destruction, and blocking these pathways through IC inhibitors (ICI) has shown promising results in multiple malignancies. In this study, we investigated the effects of an ICI, pembrolizumab, on various T cell subsets in vitro. We compared the suppressive activity of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (conventional Treg ) with T cells expressing T cell immunoglobulin-3+ (TIM-3+ ) and latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ T cells. We found that LAP-expressing T cells were more suppressive than conventional Treg , but TIM-3-expressing T cells were not suppressive. Our results show that pembrolizumab does not modulate functions of Treg and mediates its immunostimulatory effects via the release of effector T cells from suppression. These findings may assist in the development of agents designed to intervene in IC pathways to overcome Treg resistance to ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Toor
- Cancer Research CenterQatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - V. Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research CenterQatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - G. Pfister
- Flow Cytometry CoreQatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
| | - E. Elkord
- Cancer Research CenterQatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar FoundationDohaQatar
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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304
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Santegoets KCM, Gielen PR, Büll C, Schulte BM, Kers-Rebel ED, Küsters B, Bossman SAJFH, Ter Laan M, Wesseling P, Adema GJ. Expression profiling of immune inhibitory Siglecs and their ligands in patients with glioma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:937-949. [PMID: 30953118 PMCID: PMC6529385 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas appear to be highly immunosuppressive tumors, with a strong myeloid component. This includes MDSCs, which are a heterogeneous, immature myeloid cell population expressing myeloid markers Siglec-3 (CD33) and CD11b and lacking markers of mature myeloid cells including MHC II. Siglec-3 is a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) family and has been suggested to promote MDSC expansion and suppression. Siglecs form a recently defined family of receptors with potential immunoregulatory functions but only limited insight in their expression on immune regulatory cell subsets, prompting us to investigate Siglec expression on MDSCs. We determined the expression of different Siglec family members on monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) and polymorphnuclear-MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) from blood of glioma patients and healthy donors, as well as from patient-derived tumor material. Furthermore, we investigated the presence of sialic acid ligands for these Siglecs on MDSCs and in the glioma tumor microenvironment. Both MDSC subsets express Siglec-3, -5, -7 and -9, with higher levels of Siglec-3, -7 and -9 on M-MDSCs and higher Siglec-5 levels on PMN-MDSCs. Similar Siglec expression profiles were found on MDSCs from healthy donors. Furthermore, the presence of Siglec-5 and -9 was also confirmed on PMN-MDSCs from glioma tissue. Interestingly, freshly isolated glioma cells predominantly expressed sialic acid ligands for Siglec-7 and -9, which was confirmed in situ. In conclusion, our data show a distinct Siglec expression profile for M- and PMN-MDSCs and propose possible sialic acid-Siglec interactions between glioma cells and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C M Santegoets
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul R Gielen
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Schulte
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A J F H Bossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Ter Laan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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305
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Wei X, Qian J, Yao W, Chen L, Guan H, Chen Y, Xie Y, Lu H, Zhang Z, Shi L, Lin X. Hyperactivated peripheral invariant natural killer T cells correlate with the progression of HBV-relative liver cirrhosis. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12775. [PMID: 31069827 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells express markers of both T and NK cells and may produce various cytokines to regulate liver immunity. However, the role of iNKT cells in the progression of HBV-relative liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the impact of peripheral iNKT cells on a cohort of patients with HBV-LC. The frequency, number, activation status, apoptosis and proliferation ability of peripheral iNKT cells were detected with flow cytometry. The impact of peripheral iNKT cells on the proliferation of hepatocyte cell line (MIHA) and activation of hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) was detected with flow cytometry and PCR. In HBV-LC patients, the frequency and absolute number of peripheral iNKT cells significantly reduced, but the expression levels of CD25, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-γ increased. No difference was observed in the proliferation and apoptosis of circulating iNKT cells between patients and healthy controls (HCs). CXCR6 (CD186), known to be closely associated with iNKT cells migration from the periphery to the liver, was highly expressed on peripheral iNKT cells in HBV-LC patients. Furthermore, peripheral iNKT cells had a profound impact on MIHA cell proliferation and LX-2 cell activation through IL-4 or IL-13. Our data suggest that in HBV-LC patients, highly activated peripheral iNKT cells may migrate to the liver and affect hepatocyte cell line (MIHA) proliferation and hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) activation through the expression of type 2 cytokines, which may result in excessive healing and contributing to the progression of fibrosis toward cirrhosis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huaqin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingxiao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaosheng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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306
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Tao Z, Ruan H, Sun L, Kuang D, Song Y, Wang Q, Wang T, Hao Y, Chen K. Targeting the YB-1/PD-L1 Axis to Enhance Chemotherapy and Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1135-1147. [PMID: 31113805 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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307
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Van Gorp H, Lamkanfi M. The emerging roles of inflammasome-dependent cytokines in cancer development. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847575. [PMID: 31101676 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the genomic alterations that occur in malignant cells, the immune system is increasingly appreciated as a critical axis that regulates the rise of neoplasms and the development of primary tumours and metastases. The interaction between inflammatory cell infiltrates and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment is complex, with inflammation playing both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles. Inflammasomes are intracellular multi-protein complexes that act as key signalling hubs of the innate immune system. They respond to cellular stress and trauma by promoting activation of caspase-1, a protease that induces a pro-inflammatory cell death mode termed pyroptosis along with the maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Here, we will briefly introduce inflammasome biology with a focus on the dual roles of inflammasome-produced cytokines in cancer development. Despite emerging insight that inflammasomes may promote and suppress cancer development according to the tumour stage and the tumour microenvironment, much remains to be uncovered. Further exploration of inflammasome biology in tumorigenesis should enable the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Gorp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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308
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Loew A, Köhnke T, Rehbeil E, Pietzner A, Weylandt KH. A Role for Lipid Mediators in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102425. [PMID: 31100828 PMCID: PMC6567850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of therapeutic improvements in the treatment of different hematologic malignancies, the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated solely with conventional induction and consolidation chemotherapy remains poor, especially in association with high risk chromosomal or molecular aberrations. Recent discoveries describe the complex interaction of immune effector cells, as well as the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the development, maintenance and progression of AML. Lipids, and in particular omega-3 as well as omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play a vital role as signaling molecules of immune processes in numerous benign and malignant conditions. While the majority of research in cancer has been focused on the role of lipid mediators in solid tumors, some data are showing their involvement also in hematologic malignancies. There is a considerable amount of evidence that AML cells are targetable by innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, paving the way for immune therapy approaches in AML. In this article we review the current data showing the lipid mediator and lipidome patterns in AML and their potential links to immune mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Bone Marrow
- Disease Progression
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/immunology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/immunology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunotherapy
- Inflammation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Lipids/immunology
- Lipids/therapeutic use
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Loew
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Köhnke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Emma Rehbeil
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Karsten-H Weylandt
- Department of Medicine B, Ruppin General Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
- Medical Department, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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309
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Singh S, Chakrabarti R. Consequences of EMT-Driven Changes in the Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer and Therapeutic Response of Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050642. [PMID: 31075939 PMCID: PMC6572359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process through which epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and cell–cell contact, thus increasing their invasive potential. In addition to its well-known roles in embryonic development, wound healing, and regeneration, EMT plays an important role in tumor progression and metastatic invasion. In breast cancer, EMT both increases the migratory capacity and invasive potential of tumor cells, and initiates protumorigenic alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, recent evidence has linked increased expression of EMT markers such as TWIST1 and MMPs in breast tumors with increased immune infiltration in the TME. These immune cells then provide cues that promote immune evasion by tumor cells, which is associated with enhanced tumor progression and metastasis. In the current review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the role of EMT in the biology of different subtypes of breast cancer. We will further explore the correlation between genetic switches leading to EMT and EMT-induced alterations within the TME that drive tumor growth and metastasis, as well as their possible effect on therapeutic response in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snahlata Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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310
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Shidal C, Singh NP, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. MicroRNA-92 Expression in CD133 + Melanoma Stem Cells Regulates Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment via Integrin-Dependent Activation of TGFβ. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3622-3635. [PMID: 31015227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being refractory to treatment, melanoma cancer stem cells (CSC) are known to suppress host antitumor immunity, the underlying mechanisms of which need further elucidation. In this study, we established a novel role for miR-92 and its associated gene networks in immunosuppression. CSCs were isolated from the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line based on expression of the putative CSC marker CD133 (Prominin-1). CD133+ cells were functionally distinct from CD133- cells and showed increased proliferation in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo. CD133+ CSCs also exhibited a greater capacity to recruit immunosuppressive cell types during tumor formation, including FoxP3+ Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages. Using microarray technology, we identified several miRs that were significantly downregulated in CD133+ cells compared with CD133- cells, including miR-92. Decreased expression of miR-92 in CSCs led to higher expression of target molecules integrin αV and α5 subunits, which, in turn, enhanced TGFβ activation, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of SMAD2. CD133+ cells transfected with miR-92a mimic and injected in vivo showed significantly decreased tumor burden, which was associated with reduced immunosuppressive phenotype intratumorally. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas database of patients with melanoma, we also noted a positive correlation between integrin α5 and TGFβ1 expression levels and an inverse association between miR-92 expression and integrin alpha subunit expression. Collectively, this study suggests that a miR-92-driven signaling axis involving integrin activation of TGFβ in CSCs promotes enhanced tumorigenesis through induction of intratumoral immunosuppression. SIGNIFICANCE: CD133+ cells play an active role in suppressing melanoma antitumor immunity by modulating miR-92, which increases influx of immunosuppressive cells and TGFβ1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Shidal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Narendra P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina.
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311
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Valipour B, Velaei K, Abedelahi A, Karimipour M, Darabi M, Charoudeh HN. NK cells: An attractive candidate for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19352-19365. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Valipour
- Stem Cell Research Centre Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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312
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Ai L, Mu S, Sun C, Fan F, Yan H, Qin Y, Cui G, Wang Y, Guo T, Mei H, Wang H, Hu Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells endow stem-like qualities to multiple myeloma cells by inducing piRNA-823 expression and DNMT3B activation. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:88. [PMID: 30979371 PMCID: PMC6461814 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two important cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, which may modify the cancer phenotype and affect patient survival. However, the crosstalk between MDSCs and multiple myeloma stem cells (MMSCs) are relatively poorly understood. METHODS The frequencies of granulocytic-MDSCs (G-MDSCs) in MM patients were detected by flow cytometry and their association with the disease stage and patient survival were analyzed. RT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blot and sphere formation assays were performed to investigate the effects of G-MDSCs, piRNA-823 and DNA methylation on the maintenance of stemness in MM. Then a subcutaneous tumor mouse model was constructed to analyze tumor growth and angiogenesis after G-MDSCs induction and/or piRNA-823 knockdown in MM cells. RESULTS Our clinical dataset validated the association between high G-MDSCs levels and poor overall survival in MM patients. In addition, for the first time we showed that G-MDSCs enhanced the side population, sphere formation and expression of CSCs core genes in MM cells. Moreover, the mechanism study showed that G-MDSCs triggered piRNA-823 expression, which then promoted DNA methylation and increased the tumorigenic potential of MM cells. Furthermore, silencing of piRNA-823 in MM cells reduced the stemness of MMSCs maintained by G-MDSCs, resulting in decreased tumor burden and angiogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data established a cellular, molecular, and clinical network among G-MDSCs, piRNA-823, DNA methylation and CSCs core genes, suggesting a new anti-cancer strategy targeting both G-MDSCs and CSCs in MM microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/mortality
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/mortality
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ai
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Shidai Mu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - You Qin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Guohui Cui
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yadan Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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313
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Nguyen CDK, Yi C. YAP/TAZ Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:283-296. [PMID: 31174841 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that deregulation of YAP/TAZ signaling may be a major mechanism of intrinsic and acquired resistance to various targeted and chemotherapies. Moreover, YAP/TAZ-mediated expression of PD-L1 and multiple cytokines is pivotal for tumor immune evasion. While direct inhibitors of YAP/TAZ are still under development, FDA-approved drugs that indirectly block YAP/TAZ activation or critical downstream targets of YAP/TAZ have shown promise in the clinic in reducing therapy resistance. Finally, BET inhibitors, which reportedly block YAP/TAZ-mediated transcription, present another potential venue to overcome YAP/TAZ-induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan D K Nguyen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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314
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Schrijver IT, Théroude C, Roger T. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:327. [PMID: 30873175 PMCID: PMC6400980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells characterized by their immunosuppressive functions. MDSCs expand during chronic and acute inflammatory conditions, the best described being cancer. Recent studies uncovered an important role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases along with sepsis. Here we discuss the mechanisms underlying the expansion and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs, and the results of preclinical and clinical studies linking MDSCs to sepsis pathogenesis. Strikingly, all clinical studies to date suggest that high proportions of blood MDSCs are associated with clinical worsening, the incidence of nosocomial infections and/or mortality. Hence, MDSCs are attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sepsis, especially because these cells are barely detectable in healthy subjects. Blocking MDSC-mediated immunosuppression and trafficking or depleting MDSCs might all improve sepsis outcome. While some key aspects of MDSCs biology need in depth investigations, exploring these avenues may participate to pave the way toward the implementation of personalized medicine and precision immunotherapy for patients suffering from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene T Schrijver
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
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315
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Park MY, Lim BG, Kim SY, Sohn HJ, Kim S, Kim TG. GM-CSF Promotes the Expansion and Differentiation of Cord Blood Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, Which Attenuate Xenogeneic Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:183. [PMID: 30863394 PMCID: PMC6399310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are increased in tumor patients. Studies have shown generation of MDSCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by various cytokine combinations. However, large scale expansion of human MDSCs has not been demonstrated or applied in clinic settings. We investigated which cytokine combinations among GM-CSF/SCF, G-CSF/SCF, or M-CSF/SCF efficiently expand and differentiate human MDSCs following culture CD34+ cells of umbilical cord blood (CB). GM-CSF/SCF showed the greatest expansion of MDSCs. Up to 108 MDSCs (HLA-DRlowCD11b+CD33+) could be produced from 1 unit of CB following 6 weeks of continuous culture. MDSCs produced from culture of CD34+ cells with GM-CSF/SCF for 6 weeks had the greatest suppressive function of T cell proliferation and had the highest expression of immunosuppressive molecules including iNOS, arginase 1 and IDO compared to those differentiated with G-CSF/SCF or M-CSF/SCF. MDSCs secreted IL-10, TGB-β, and VEGF. The infusion of expanded MDSCs significantly prolonged the survival and decreased the GVHD score in a NSG xenogeneic model of GVHD. Injected MDSCs increased IL-10 and TGF-β but decreased the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of treated mice. Notably, FoxP3 expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells were increased while IFN-γ (Th1) and IL-17 (Th17) producing T cells were decreased in the spleen of MDSC treated mice compared to untreated GVHD mice. Our results demonstrate that human MDSCs are generated from CB CD34+ cells using GM-CSF/SCF. These MDSCs exhibited potent immunosuppressive function, suggesting that they are useable as a treatment for inflammatory diseases such as GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bang-Geul Lim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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316
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Lee JW, Zhang Y, Eoh KJ, Sharma R, Sanmamed MF, Wu J, Choi J, Park HS, Iwasaki A, Kaftan E, Chen L, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Herbst RS, Koo JS. The Combination of MEK Inhibitor With Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting Programmed Death 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Results in Prolonged Survival in Kras/p53-Driven Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1046-1060. [PMID: 30771521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune cells population in Kras/tumor protein 53 (Trp53)-driven lung tumors and to evaluate the combinatorial antitumor effect with MEK inhibitor (MEKi), trametinib, and immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting either programmed death -1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in vivo. METHODS Trp53FloxFlox;KrasG12D/+;Rosa26LSL-Luciferase/LSL-Luciferase (PKL) genetically engineered mice were used to develop autochthonous lung tumors with intratracheal delivery of adenoviral Cre recombinase. Using these tumor-bearing lungs, tumor-infiltrating immune cells were characterized by both mass cytometry and flow cytometry. PKL-mediated immunocompetent syngeneic and transgenic lung cancer mouse models were treated with MEKi alone as well as in combination with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs. Tumor growth and survival outcome were assessed. Finally, immune cell populations within spleens and tumors were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were significantly augmented in PKL-driven lung tumors compared to normal lungs of tumor-free mice. PD-L1 expression appeared to be highly positive in both lung tumor cells and, particularly MDSCs. The combinatory administration of MEKi with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs synergistically increased antitumor response and survival outcome compared with single-agent therapy in both the PKL-mediated syngeneic and transgenic lung cancer models. Theses combinational treatments resulted in significant increases of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, whereas attenuation of CD11b+/Gr-1high MDSCs, in particular, Ly6Ghigh polymorphonuclear-MDSCs in the syngeneic model. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for untargetable Kras/p53-driven lung cancers with synergy between targeted therapy using MEKi and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Lee
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyung Jin Eoh
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jenny Wu
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Justin Choi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward Kaftan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vali Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ja Seok Koo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Developmental Therapeutics Translational Research Program, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.
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317
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Combinatorial Approach to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy: Rational Drug Design Strategy to Simultaneously Hit Multiple Targets to Kill Tumor Cells and to Activate the Immune System. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5245034. [PMID: 30853982 PMCID: PMC6377965 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5245034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive CAR T-cell therapy, has clearly established itself as an important modality to treat melanoma and other malignancies. Despite the tremendous clinical success of immunotherapy over other cancer treatments, this approach has shown substantial benefit to only some of the patients while the rest of the patients have not responded due to immune evasion. In recent years, a combination of cancer immunotherapy together with existing anticancer treatments has gained significant attention and has been extensively investigated in preclinical or clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of novel regimens combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with therapeutic interventions that (1) increase tumor immunogenicity such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and epigenetic therapy; (2) reverse tumor immunosuppression such as TAMs, MDSCs, and Tregs targeted therapy; and (3) reduce tumor burden and increase the immune effector response with rationally designed dual or triple inhibitory chemotypes.
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318
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Heinhuis KM, Ros W, Kok M, Steeghs N, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Enhancing antitumor response by combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy in solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:219-235. [PMID: 30608567 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy has changed the standard of care for a subgroup of patients with advanced disease. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in particular has shown improved survival compared with previous standards of care for several tumor types. Although proven to be successful in more immunogenic tumors, ICB is still largely ineffective in patients with tumors that are not infiltrated by immune cells, the so-called cold tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This review describes the effects of different chemotherapeutic agents on the immune system and the potential value of these different types of chemotherapy as combination partners with ICB in patients with solid tumors. Both preclinical data and currently ongoing clinical trials were evaluated. In addition, we reviewed findings regarding different dosing schedules, including the effects of an induction phase and applying metronomic doses of chemotherapy. RESULTS Combining ICB with other treatment modalities may lead to improved immunological conditions in the tumor microenvironment and could thereby enhance the antitumor immune response, even in tumor types that are so far unresponsive to ICB monotherapy. Chemotherapy, that was originally thought to be solely immunosuppressive, can exert immunomodulatory effects which may be beneficial in combination with immunotherapy. Each chemotherapeutic drug impacts the tumor microenvironment differently, and in order to determine the most suitable combination partners for ICB it is crucial to understand these mechanisms. CONCLUSION Preclinical studies demonstrate that the majority of chemotherapeutic drugs has been shown to exert immunostimulatory effects, either by inhibiting immunosuppressive cells and/or activating effector cells, or by increasing immunogenicity and increasing T-cell infiltration. However, for certain chemotherapeutic agents timing, dose and sequence of administration of chemotherapeutic agents and ICB is important. Further studies should focus on determining the optimal drug combinations, sequence effects and optimal concentration-time profiles in representative preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Heinhuis
- Divisions of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Ros
- Divisions of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kok
- Medical Oncology and Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Steeghs
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Beijnen
- Divisions of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H M Schellens
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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319
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Valentinuzzi D, Simončič U, Uršič K, Vrankar M, Turk M, Jeraj R. Predicting tumour response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with computational modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:025017. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf96c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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320
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment and Impact of Cancer Stem Cells on Breast Cancer Progression and Growth. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is not only a mass of genetically abnormal tissue in the breast. This is a well-organized system of a complex heterogeneous tissue. Cancer cells produce regulatory signals that stimulate stromal cells to proliferate and migrate; then, stromal elements respond to these signals by releasing components necessary for tumor development that provide structural support, vasculature, and extracellular matrices. Developing tumors can mobilize a variety of cell types from both local and distant niches via secret chemical factors derived from cancer cells themselves or neighboring cells disrupted by growing neoplasm, such as fibroblasts, immune inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells. CSCs are a group of very few cells that are tumorigenic (able to form tumors) and are defined as those cells within a tumor that can self-renew and lead to tumorigenesis. BCSCs represent a small population of cells that have stem cell characteristics and are related to breast cancer. There are different theories about the origin of BCSCs. BCSCs are responsible for breast carcinoma metastasis. Usually, there is a metastatic spread to the bones, and rarely to the lungs and liver. A phenomenon that allows BCSCs to make the transition from epithelial to mesenchymal expression and thus avoid the effect of cytotoxic agents is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During this process, cells change their molecular characteristics in terms of loss of epithelial characteristics taking the mesenchymal phenotype. This process plays a key role in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of breast tumors.
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321
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Forsthuber A, Lipp K, Andersen L, Ebersberger S, Graña-Castro 'O, Ellmeier W, Petzelbauer P, Lichtenberger BM, Loewe R. CXCL5 as Regulator of Neutrophil Function in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:186-194. [PMID: 30009831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines mold the tumor microenvironment by recruiting distinct immune cell populations, thereby strongly influencing disease progression. Previously, we showed that CXCL5 expression is upregulated in advanced stages of primary melanomas, which correlates with the presence of neutrophils in the tumor. The analysis of neutrophil populations in various tissues revealed a distinct phenotype of tumor-associated neutrophils. Tumor-associated neutrophils expressed PD-L1, CXCR4, CCR5, Adam17, and Nos2 and were immunosuppressive in a T-cell proliferation assay. To investigate the impact of CXCL5 and neutrophils in vivo, we established a syngeneic mouse tumor transplantation model using CXCL5-overexpressing and control melanoma cell lines. Growth behavior or vascularization of primary tumors was not affected by CXCL5 expression and neutrophils alone. However, in combination with Poly(I:C), tumor-associated neutrophils were able to attenuate induced antitumoral T-cell responses. CXCL5-overexpressing tumors had reduced lung metastasis compared with control tumors. Neutrophil depletion reversed this effect. In vitro, unstimulated lung-derived neutrophils had higher levels of reactive oxygen species compared with tumor-associated neutrophils, and CXCL5 stimulation further increased reactive oxygen species levels. In summary, in melanoma, neutrophils play a context-dependent role that is influenced by local or systemic factors, and interfere with therapies activating the acquired immune system. Actively switching neutrophils into antitumorigenic mode might be a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Forsthuber
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Lipp
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liisa Andersen
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - 'Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Loewe
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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322
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Saylor J, Ma Z, Goodridge HS, Huang F, Cress AE, Pandol SJ, Shiao SL, Vidal AC, Wu L, Nickols NG, Gertych A, Knudsen BS. Spatial Mapping of Myeloid Cells and Macrophages by Multiplexed Tissue Staining. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2925. [PMID: 30619287 PMCID: PMC6302234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An array of phenotypically diverse myeloid cells and macrophages (MC&M) resides in the tumor microenvironment, requiring multiplexed detection systems for visualization. Here we report an automated, multiplexed staining approach, named PLEXODY, that consists of five MC&M-related fluorescently-tagged antibodies (anti - CD68, - CD163, - CD206, - CD11b, and - CD11c), and three chromogenic antibodies, reactive with high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratins and CD3, highlighting tumor regions, benign glands and T cells. The staining prototype and image analysis methods which include a pixel/area-based quantification were developed using tissues from inflamed colon and tonsil and revealed a unique tissue-specific composition of 14 MC&M-associated pixel classes. As a proof-of-principle, PLEXODY was applied to three cases of pancreatic, prostate and renal cancers. Across digital images from these cancer types we observed 10 MC&M-associated pixel classes at frequencies greater than 3%. Cases revealed higher frequencies of single positive compared to multi-color pixels and a high abundance of CD68+/CD163+ and CD68+/CD163+/CD206+ pixels. Significantly more CD68+ and CD163+ vs. CD11b+ and CD11c+ pixels were in direct contact with tumor cells and T cells. While the greatest percentage (~70%) of CD68+ and CD163+ pixels was 0–20 microns away from tumor and T cell borders, CD11b+ and CD11c+ pixels were detected up to 240 microns away from tumor/T cell masks. Together, these data demonstrate significant differences in densities and spatial organization of MC&M-associated pixel classes, but surprising similarities between the three cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Saylor
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoxuan Ma
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fangjin Huang
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anne E Cress
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen L Shiao
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adriana C Vidal
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas G Nickols
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology, Surgery and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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323
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the inflammaging process. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:1-10. [PMID: 30248408 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of the aging process. This gradually augmenting inflammatory state has been termed inflammaging. Inflammaging is associated with increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. This myelopoiesis-biased process increases the generation not only of mature myeloid cells, e.g. monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, but also immature myeloid progenitors and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). It is known that the aging process is associated with a significant increase in the presence of MDSCs in the bone marrow, blood, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes. Consequently, MDSCs will become recruited into inflamed tissues where they suppress acute inflammatory responses and trigger the resolution of inflammation. However, if the perpetrator cannot be eliminated, the long-term presence of MDSCs suppresses the host's immune defence and increases the susceptibility to infections and tumorigenesis. Chronic immunosuppression also impairs the clearance of waste products and dead cells, impairs energy metabolism, and disturbs tissue proteostasis. This immunosuppressive state is reminiscent of the immunosenescence observed in inflammaging. It seems that proinflammatory changes in tissues with aging stimulate the myelopoietic production of MDSCs which subsequently induces immunosenescence and maintains the chronic inflammaging process. We will briefly describe the functions of MDSCs and then examine in detail how inflammaging enhances the generation MDSCs and how MDSCs are involved in the control of immunosenescence occurring in inflammaging.
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324
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Steinbach K, Vincenti I, Merkler D. Resident-Memory T Cells in Tissue-Restricted Immune Responses: For Better or Worse? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2827. [PMID: 30555489 PMCID: PMC6284001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident-memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) have been described as a non-circulating memory T cell subset that persists at sites of previous infection. While TRM in all non-lymphoid organs probably share a core signature differentiation pathway, certain aspects of their maintenance and effector functions may vary. It is well-established that TRM provide long-lived protective immunity through immediate effector function and accelerated recruitment of circulating immune cells. Besides immune defense against pathogens, other immunological roles of TRM are less well-studied. Likewise, evidence of a putative detrimental role of TRM for inflammatory diseases is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss the protective and harmful role of TRM in organ-specific immunity and immunopathology as well as prospective implications for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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325
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Tantyo NA, Karyadi AS, Rasman SZ, Salim MRG, Devina A, Sumarpo A. The prognostic value of S100A10 expression in cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1417-1424. [PMID: 30675195 PMCID: PMC6341771 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A10, a member of the S100 protein family, commonly forms a heterotetrameric complex with Annexin A2. This is essential for the generation of cellular plasmin from plasminogen, which leads to a cascade of molecular events crucial for tumor progression. S100A10 upregulation has been reported in a number of cancers, suggesting that it may have potential as a prognostic biomarker, as well as predicting sensitivity to anticancer drugs. This review evaluates the direct and indirect relationships between S100A10 and cancer progression by investigating its role in cancer. Research papers published on PubMed and Google Scholar between 2007–2017 were collated and reviewed. We concluded that S100A10 affects the development of the hallmarks of cancer as explained by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011, most notably by activating the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, further studies are required to explore the underlying biological mechanisms of S100A10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normastuti Adhini Tantyo
- Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia
| | - Azrina Saraswati Karyadi
- Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zulimas Rasman
- Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia
| | | | - Astrella Devina
- Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia
| | - Anton Sumarpo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta Utara 14440, Indonesia
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326
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The Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Effect of Yanghe Decoction in Breast Cancer Is Related to the Modulation of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8460526. [PMID: 30581487 PMCID: PMC6276440 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8460526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Yanghe decoction (YHD) has been used in the treatment of breast cancer for hundreds of years in Asia. However, the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of YHD on antitumor and immune system enhancement in a 4T1 mouse breast cancer model and to clarify the antitumor mechanisms of YHD in breast cancer. Materials and Methods The YHD was orally administrated for 2 weeks after inoculation. Tumor tissues were then removed, weighed, and homogenized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), Natural Killer T Cells (NKTs), and T cell subsets. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (ARG-1). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of signal transducers and the activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), phosphorylated-signal transducers and the activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1), signal transducers and the activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated-signal transducers and the activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3). The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results We found that the tumor weight of YHD high-dose group was significantly lower compared with the control group (p<0.05). The YHD depressed the expression of MDSCs, iNOS, ARG-1, IL-6, TGF-β, and p-STAT3 and significantly increased the expression of IFN-γ, NKTs, CD4+ T cells, and p-STAT1. Conclusion Our results showed that The mechanisms of YHD inhibit 4T1 breast tumor growth may be related to downregulating the expression of iNOS and ARG-1, negatively regulating the Janus kinase/STAT3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway by repressing the expression of IL-6 and TGF-β. Meanwhile, YHD enhances the immune capacity via increasing the expression of NKTs, CD4+ T cells, IFN-γ, and p-STAT1.
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327
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Valdes-Mora F, Handler K, Law AMK, Salomon R, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ, Gallego-Ortega D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Cancer Immunobiology: The Future of Precision Oncology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2582. [PMID: 30483257 PMCID: PMC6240655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease. Tumors are formed by cancer cells and a myriad of non-cancerous cell types that together with the extracellular matrix form the tumor microenvironment. These cancer-associated cells and components contribute to shape the progression of cancer and are deeply involved in patient outcome. The immune system is an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, and induction of cancer immunotolerance is a necessary step involved in tumor formation and growth. Immune mechanisms are intimately associated with cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis; as well as to tumor dormancy and modulation of sensitivity to drug therapy. Transcriptome analyses have been extensively used to understand the heterogeneity of tumors, classifying tumors into molecular subtypes and establishing signatures that predict response to therapy and patient outcomes. However, the classification of the tumor cell diversity and specially the identification of rare populations has been limited in these transcriptomic analyses of bulk tumor cell populations. Massively-parallel single-cell RNAseq analysis has emerged as a powerful method to unravel heterogeneity and to study rare cell populations in cancer, through unsupervised sampling and modeling of transcriptional states in single cells. In this context, the study of the role of the immune system in cancer would benefit from single cell approaches, as it will enable the characterization and/or discovery of the cell types and pathways involved in cancer immunotolerance otherwise missed in bulk transcriptomic information. Thus, the analysis of gene expression patterns at single cell resolution holds the potential to provide key information to develop precise and personalized cancer treatment including immunotherapy. This review is focused on the latest single-cell RNAseq methodologies able to agnostically study thousands of tumor cells as well as targeted single-cell RNAseq to study rare populations within tumors. In particular, we will discuss methods to study the immune system in cancer. We will also discuss the current challenges to the study of cancer at the single cell level and the potential solutions to the current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Handler
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Salomon
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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328
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Roles of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Metastasis: Immunosuppression and Beyond. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 67:89-102. [PMID: 30386868 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the direst face of cancer, and it is not a feature solely dependent on cancer cells; however, a complex interaction between cancer cells and host causes this process. Investigating the mechanisms of metastasis can lead to its control. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key components of tumor microenvironment that favor cancer progression. These cells result from altered myelopoiesis in response to the presence of tumor. The most recognized function of MDSCs is suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Strikingly, these cells are among important players in cancer dissemination and metastasis. They can exert their effect on metastatic process by affecting anti-cancer immunity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell formation, angiogenesis, establishing premetastatic niche, and supporting cancer cell survival and growth in metastatic sites. In this article, we review and discuss the mechanisms by which MDSCs contribute to cancer metastasis.
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329
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Nuti M, Zizzari I, Botticelli A, Rughetti A, Marchetti P. The ambitious role of anti angiogenesis molecules: Turning a cold tumor into a hot one. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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330
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Corradi G, Baldazzi C, Očadlíková D, Marconi G, Parisi S, Testoni N, Finelli C, Cavo M, Curti A, Ciciarello M. Mesenchymal stromal cells from myelodysplastic and acute myeloid leukemia patients display in vitro reduced proliferative potential and similar capacity to support leukemia cell survival. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:271. [PMID: 30359303 PMCID: PMC6202844 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an essential element of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, playing a crucial function in regulating hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent findings have outlined a putative role for MSCs in hematological malignancy development. So far, conflicting results have been collected concerning MSC abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In particular, a considerable amount of evidence has been accumulated strongly supporting a permissive role of MSCs in malignancy evolution to MDS, while a potentially causative or promoting function performed by MSCs in AML has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we compared MSCs isolated from healthy, MDS, and AML subjects to investigate MSC alterations and to emphasize putative common and/or diverse features. METHODS We isolated and expanded MSCs from AML patients (AML-MSCs) and MDS patients (MDS-MSCs), and we analyzed and compared their phenotypic and functional properties with respect to each other and versus healthy donor-derived MSCs (HD-MSCs). RESULTS We found that stable MSC cultures could be easily established from HD and MDS mononuclear BM-derived cells, while a substantial fraction (25%) of AML patients failed to yield MSCs. Nevertheless, isolated MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs, as well as HD-MSCs, contained the basic features of MSCs. Indeed, they displayed similar surface marker expression and efficient capacity to differentiate versus osteogenic and adipogenic lineage in vitro. We also proved that MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs, analyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, did not harbor leukemic cell cytogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs were similar in terms of ability to sustain AML cell viability and immune-regulatory capacity. However, we were also able to detect some differences between AML-MSCs and MDS-MSCs. Indeed, we found that the frequency of rescued MSCs was lower in the AML group than in the HD and MDS groups, suggesting that a reduced number of MSC precursors could inhabit AML BM. Instead, MDS-MSCs showed the lowest proliferative capacity, reflecting some intrinsic and particular defect. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results elucidated that MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs did not show macroscopic and/or tumor-related defects, but both displayed functional features potentially contributing to favor a leukemia-protective milieu.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corradi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Baldazzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Darina Očadlíková
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marconi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Testoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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331
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Zhang Y, Bush X, Yan B, Chen JA. Gemcitabine nanoparticles promote antitumor immunity against melanoma. Biomaterials 2018; 189:48-59. [PMID: 30388589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor-mediated immunosuppression and cancer progression. Gemcitabine (Gem) is a MDSC-depleting chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical use is hampered by its drug resistance and inefficient in vivo delivery. Here we describe a strategy to formulate a Gem analogue gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP) into a lipid-coated calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle, and investigate its antitumor immunity and therapeutic effects after systemic administrations. In the syngeneic mouse model of B16F10 melanoma, compared with free Gem, the LCP-formulated GMP (LCP-GMP) significantly induced apoptosis and reduced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). LCP-GMP effectively depleted MDSCs and regulatory T cells, and skewed macrophage polarization towards the antitumor M1 phenotype in the TME, leading to enhanced CD8+ T-cell immune response and profound tumor growth inhibition. Thus, engineering the in vivo delivery of MDSC-depleting agents using nanotechnology could substantially modulate immunosuppressive TME and boost T-cell immune response for enhanced antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Xin Bush
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Justin A Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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332
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Yin Z, Li C, Wang J, Xue L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Roles in the tumor microenvironment and tumor radiotherapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:933-946. [PMID: 29992569 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Yin
- Biobank; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Biobank; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
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333
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van Willigen WW, Bloemendal M, Gerritsen WR, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM, Bol KF. Dendritic Cell Cancer Therapy: Vaccinating the Right Patient at the Right Time. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2265. [PMID: 30327656 PMCID: PMC6174277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors propelled the field of oncology with clinical responses in many different tumor types. Superior overall survival over chemotherapy has been reported in various metastatic cancers. Furthermore, prolonged disease-free and overall survival have been reported in the adjuvant treatment of stage III melanoma. Unfortunately, a substantial portion of patients do not obtain a durable response. Therefore, additional strategies for the treatment of cancer are still warranted. One of the numerous options is dendritic cell vaccination, which employs the central role of dendritic cells in activating the innate and adaptive immune system. Over the years, dendritic cell vaccination was shown to be able to induce an immunologic response, to increase the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and to provide overall survival benefit for at least a selection of patients in phase II studies. However, with the success of immune checkpoint inhibition in several malignancies and considering the plethora of other treatment modalities being developed, it is of utmost importance to delineate the position of dendritic cell therapy in the treatment landscape of cancer. In this review, we address some key questions regarding the integration of dendritic cell vaccination in future cancer treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W van Willigen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martine Bloemendal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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334
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Fang T, Li J, Wu X. Shenmai injection improves the postoperative immune function of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients by inhibiting differentiation into Treg cells via miR-103/GPER1 axis. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:324-331. [PMID: 30267584 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Shenmai injection (SMI) is increasingly used in tumor combination therapy, devoting to enhancing anti-tumor effects and reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. This study aimed to explore the role of SMI in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) treatment. Flow cytometry was used to examine Treg cells percentage in CD4 + T cells. The expression of RNA and protein was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Inducers were used to stimulate CD4 + T cells to differentiate into Treg cells. The interaction between miR-103 and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) was confirmed with the dual luciferase assays. Cell transfection and recombinant plasmids were used to achieve endogenous expression. Compared with patients not treated with 131 I, the Treg cells percentage and Foxp3 expression were clearly increased in patients with 131 I radiotherapy, just the opposite in SMI combination therapy. SMI inhibited the differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Treg cells. Aberrant expression of miR-103 and GPER1 induced by 131 I was reversed by SMI and 131 I combination therapy. GPER1 was negatively regulated by miR-103 and SMI inhibits the differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Treg cells via miR-103/GPER1 axis, which improves the postoperative immunological function of PTC patients with 131 I radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Fang
- Department of thyroid surgery, The Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of thyroid surgery, The Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjiang Wu
- Department of thyroid surgery, The Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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335
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Emerging ways to treat breast cancer: will promises be met? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:605-621. [PMID: 30259416 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and it is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths in the United States and more than 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. In previous decades, the development of improved screening, diagnosis and treatment methods has led to decreases in BC mortality rates. More recently, novel targeted therapeutic options, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that target specific cancer cell-related components, have been developed. These components include ErbB family members (HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4), Ras/MAPK pathway components (Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK), VEGF family members (VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGF and PGF), apoptosis and cell cycle regulators (BAK, BAX, BCL-2, BCL-X, MCL-1 and BCL-W, p53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components) and DNA repair pathway components such as BRCA1. In addition, long noncoding RNA inhibitor-, microRNA inhibitor/mimic- and immunotherapy-based approaches are being developed for the treatment of BC. Finally, a novel powerful technique called CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing is emerging as a precise tool for the targeted treatment of cancer, including BC. CONCLUSIONS Potential new strategies that are designed to specifically target BC are presented. Several clinical trials using these strategies are already in progress and have shown promising results, but inherent limitations such as off-target effects and low delivery efficiencies still have to be resolved. By improving the clinical efficacy of current therapies and exploring new ones, it is anticipated that novel ways to overcome BC may become attainable.
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336
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Tu J, Zhang H, Yu J, Liufu C, Chen Z. Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction: a new method in cancer immunotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5763-5775. [PMID: 30254469 PMCID: PMC6140758 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s171019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy provides a new treatment option for cancer. However, it may be therapeutically insufficient if only using the self-immune system alone to attack the tumor without any aiding methods. To overcome this drawback and improve the efficiency of therapy, new treatment methods are emerging. In recent years, ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction (UMMD) has shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Using the combination of ultrasound and targeted microbubbles, molecules such as antigens or genes encoding antigens can be efficiently and specifically delivered into the tumor tissue. This review focuses on the recent progress in the application of UMMD in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Tu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chun Liufu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China,
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337
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Bulbul A, Araujo-Mino E. Reasoning the effect of immunotherapy after chemoradiation in the PACIFIC trial. Future Oncol 2018; 15:81-94. [PMID: 30175621 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Durvalumab consolidation after chemoradiation has been a giant leap in the treatment of stage III non-small-cell lung cancer with an unprecedented 16.8-month median progression-free survival. PACIFIC trial is a new foray into chemoimmunotherapy trials where we apply our knowledge of 'immunogenic cell death' and 'Abscopal' effect of radiation in the clinic. Our understanding of immunotherapy after chemoradiation treatment and application of immunogenic cell death biomarkers in future trials may be the approach we need to maximize benefit of these treatments in the appropriate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Bulbul
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.,Hematology & Oncology, Kymera Independent Physicians, Roswell, Carlsbad, Hobbs, NM 88220, USA
| | - Emilio Araujo-Mino
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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338
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. The potential importance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3099-3120. [PMID: 29779041 PMCID: PMC11105369 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown, but the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and chronic inflammation indicates that immune disturbances are involved in AD pathogenesis. Recent genetic studies have revealed that many candidate genes are expressed in both microglia and myeloid cells which infiltrate into the AD brains. Invading myeloid cells controls the functions of resident microglia in pathological conditions, such as AD pathology. AD is a neurologic disease with inflammatory component where the immune system is not able to eliminate the perpetrator, while, concurrently, it should prevent neuronal injuries induced by inflammation. Recent studies have indicated that AD brains are an immunosuppressive microenvironment, e.g., microglial cells are hyporesponsive to Aβ deposits and anti-inflammatory cytokines enhance Aβ deposition. Immunosuppression is a common element in pathological disorders involving chronic inflammation. Studies on cancer-associated inflammation have demonstrated that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a crucial role in the immune escape of tumor cells. Immunosuppression is not limited to tumors, since MDSCs can be recruited into chronically inflamed tissues where inflammatory mediators enhance the proliferation and activation of MDSCs. AD brains express a range of chemokines and cytokines which could recruit and expand MDSCs in inflamed AD brains and thus generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Several neuroinflammatory disorders, e.g., the early phase of AD pathology, have been associated with an increase in the level of circulating MDSCs. We will elucidate the immunosuppressive armament of MDSCs and present evidences in support of the crucial role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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339
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Xie Z, Ago Y, Okada N, Tachibana M. Valproic acid attenuates immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:359-365. [PMID: 30177294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a promising novel therapy for multiple cancer types; however, most patients show limited or no clinical response. Accumulating evidence indicates that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a major factor responsible for immunosuppression in patients with cancer. Therefore, identifying effective therapies that deplete or modulate MDSCs is essential. In this study, we focus on the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA), which has additional activities including anticancer and immunoregulation by inhibition of histone deacetylases. We showed that VPA decreased the proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs in vitro and showed for the first time that VPA greatly attenuated the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrated that in vitro differentiated VPA-conditioned MDSCs exhibited impaired ability to stimulate tumor progression in vivo. We also showed the possible involvement of several mechanisms in the VPA-induced attenuation of the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, including the interleukin-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα)/arginase axis, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways, and retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) derepression. This research highlights the potential of combining VPA with ICB in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Xie
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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340
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Zhang B, Dang J, Ba D, Wang C, Han J, Zheng F. Potential function of CTLA-4 in the tumourigenic capacity of melanoma stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6163-6170. [PMID: 30344757 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive clinical evidence supports that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is expressed in a variety of human malignant tumour cells in addition to T cells. In certain types of cancer, the overexpression of CTLA-4 is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, few studies have demonstrated the effects of tumour-intrinsic CTLA-4 in cancer stem cells, including melanoma stem cells (MSCs). In the present study, it was demonstrated that melanoma cell-intrinsic CTLA-4 induced tumour cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumour cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CTLA-4 was expressed in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)+ MSCs. CTLA-4 inhibited MSCs proliferation in vitro by blocking antibodies and significantly downregulated ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3 and ALDH2 mRNA expression (P<0.01). Functionally, blocking CTLA-4 in melanoma cell lines suppressed the properties of stem-like cells, including ALDH activity and significantly suppressed the ability of these cells to form spheres in vitro (P<0.05). In addition, the blocking of CTLA-4 in melanoma cells suppressed the properties of stem-like cells in vivo, including the capacity for tumourigenesis. The presence of residual ALDH+ MSCs within the tumour was observed, and the blocking CTLA-4 significantly decreased the number of residual ALDH+ MSCs in vivo (P<0.01). Altogether, these results indicate the identification of a novel mechanism underlying melanoma progression in the present study and that CTLA-4-targeted therapy may benefit candidate CTLA-4-targeted therapy by improving the long-term outcome for patients with advanced stages of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Dang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Diandian Ba
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Cencen Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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341
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Zafar S, Sorsa S, Siurala M, Hemminki O, Havunen R, Cervera-Carrascon V, Santos JM, Wang H, Lieber A, De Gruijl T, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. CD40L coding oncolytic adenovirus allows long-term survival of humanized mice receiving dendritic cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1490856. [PMID: 30386680 PMCID: PMC6207416 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1490856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial players in promoting immune responses. Logically, adoptive DC therapy is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. One of the major obstacles in cancer immunotherapy in general is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which hampers the maturation and activation of DCs. Therefore, human clinical outcomes with DC therapy alone have been disappointing. In this study, we use fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L, expressing human CD40L, to modulate the tumor microenvironment with subsequently improved function of DCs. We evaluated the synergistic effects of Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L and DCs in the presence of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo and in vivo. Tumors treated with Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L and DCs featured greater antitumor effect compared with unarmed virus or either treatment alone. 100% of humanized mice survived to the end of the experiment, while mice in all other groups died by day 88. Moreover, adenovirally-delivered CD40L induced activation of DCs, leading to induction of Th1 immune responses. These results support clinical trials with Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L in patients receiving DC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - João Manuel Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andre Lieber
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tanja De Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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342
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Ambatipudi S, Sharp GC, Clarke SLN, Plant D, Tobias JH, Evans DM, Barton A, Relton CL. Assessing the Role of DNA Methylation-Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2624981. [PMID: 30186880 PMCID: PMC6112073 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2624981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of chronic systemic inflammation (SI). In the present study, we used four datasets to explore whether methylation-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (mdNLR) might be a marker of SI in new onset, untreated, and treated prevalent RA cases and/or a marker of treatment response to the tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) etanercept. mdNLR was associated with increased odds of being a new onset RA case (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.95-2.80, P < 2 × 10-16) and performed better in distinguishing new onset RA cases from controls compared to covariates: age, gender, and smoking status. In untreated preclinical RA cases and controls, mdNLR at baseline was associated with diagnosis of RA in later life after adjusting for batch (OR = 4.30, 95% CI = 1.52-21.71, P = 0.029) although no association was observed before batch correction. When prevalent RA cases were treated, there was no association with mdNLR in samples before and after batch correction (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.05-1.82, P = 0.23), and mdNLR was not associated with treatment response to etanercept (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.75-1.68, P = 0.64). Our results indicate that SI measured by DNA methylation data is indicative of the recent onset of RA. Although preclinical RA was associated with mdNLR, there was no difference in the mean mdNLR between preclinical RA cases and controls. mdNLR was not associated with RA case status if treatment for RA has commenced, and it is not associated with treatment response. In the future, mdNLR estimates may be used as a valuable research tool to reliably estimate SI in the absence of freshly collected blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikant Ambatipudi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma C. Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah L. N. Clarke
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Darren Plant
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academy of Health Sciences, Central Manchester NHS Trust, and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne Barton
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academy of Health Sciences, Central Manchester NHS Trust, and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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343
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082277. [PMID: 30081463 PMCID: PMC6121540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid–derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprised a heterogeneous subset of bone marrow–derived myeloid cells, best studied in cancer research, that are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Stem cell transplantation represents one extreme interventional strategy for ablating the myeloid compartment but poses a number of translational challenges. There remains an outstanding need for additional therapeutic targets to impact MDSC function, including the potential to alter interactions with innate and adaptive immune subsets, or alternatively, alter trafficking receptors, metabolic pathways, and transcription factor signaling with readily available and safe drugs. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of myeloid cells in the development of pulmonary hypertension, first in pulmonary circulation changes associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, and then by examining intrinsic myeloid cell changes that contribute to disease progression in pulmonary hypertension. We then outline several tractable targets and pathways relevant to pulmonary hypertension via MDSC regulation. Identifying these MDSC-regulated effectors is part of an ongoing effort to impact the field of pulmonary hypertension research through identification of myeloid compartment-specific therapeutic applications in the treatment of pulmonary vasculopathies.
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344
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Mabuchi S, Yokoi E, Komura N, Kimura T. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their role in gynecological malignancies. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318776485. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318776485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that exhibit immunosuppressive activity (they block the proliferation and activity of both T cells and natural killer cells). In addition to their role in suppressing immune responses, myeloid-derived suppressor cells directly stimulate tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the area of gynecological cancer, increased numbers of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells or tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been detected, and the increased frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, the successful myeloid-derived suppressor cells depletion may hold the key to maximizing existing anti-cancer therapies and improving the prognosis of gynecological cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding myeloid-derived suppressor cells biology, clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and the potential myeloid-derived suppressor cells–targeting strategies in gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eriko Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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345
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Jiang J, Gao Q, Gong Y, Huang L, Lin H, Zhou X, Liang X, Guo W. MiR-486 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in myeloid cells by targeting Cebpa in vitro. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4627-4638. [PMID: 30073773 PMCID: PMC6143942 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocytic MDSC (M‐MDSC) is one of the major types of MDSCs, which play important roles in suppression of antitumor immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying how M‐MDSCs so heavily accumulate in patients with cancer are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify miRNAs that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of M‐MDSCs. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between tumor‐induced M‐MDSCs (TM‐MDSCs) and their counterparts from tumor‐free mice. The miRNAs and their target genes that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated by RT‐qPCR. Luciferase reporter assays were used to analyze the relationships between miRNAs and target genes. Overexpression of candidate miRNAs and target genes in myeloid cells was conducted to verify their functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Our data showed that miR‐486 was overexpressed in TM‐MDSCs. Cebpa was predicted to be one of the target genes of miR‐486 that regulates the proliferation of myeloid cells. Expression of Cebpa was inversely correlated with miR‐486 in TM‐MDSCs, and we found that overexpression of miR‐486 suppressed the expression of Cebpa in both 293T cells determined by luciferase reporter assays and in myeloid cells determined by RT‐qPCR. Overexpression of miR‐486 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in myeloid cells, as opposed to overexpression of Cebpa, which promoted the opposing phenotype. Overexpression of either miR‐486 or Cebpa inhibited differentiation of myeloid cells. This study indicates that miR‐486 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in myeloid cells by targeting Cebpa in vitro, suggesting that miR‐486 and Cebpa might be involved in the expansion of TM‐MDSCs in tumor‐bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingmin Gao
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
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346
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Phytochemicals inhibit the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): Impact on cancer and age-related chronic inflammatory disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:231-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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347
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- University at Buffalo; State University of New York; Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Immunology; Buffalo NY 14263 USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- University at Buffalo; State University of New York; Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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348
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Pham T, Roth S, Kong J, Guerra G, Narasimhan V, Pereira L, Desai J, Heriot A, Ramsay R. An Update on Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors: A Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:3404-3412. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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349
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Li S, Wang N, Tan HY, Hong M, Yuen MF, Li H, Feng Y. Expansion of Granulocytic, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Response to Ethanol-Induced Acute Liver Damage. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1524. [PMID: 30072984 PMCID: PMC6060237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual role of ethanol in regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response has recently been reported. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the major components in the immune suppressive network in both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we aim to define the role of a population expressing CD11b+Ly6GhighLy6Cint with immunosuppressive function in response to ethanol-induced acute liver damage. We find this increased granulocytic-MDSCs (G-MDSCs) population in the blood, spleen, and liver of mice treated with ethanol. Depletion of these cells increases serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, while G-MDSCs population adoptive transfer can ameliorate liver damage induced by ethanol, indicating the protective role in the early stage of alcoholic liver disease. The significant changes of T-cell profiles after G-MDSCs populations adoptive transfer and anti-Gr1 injection signify that both cytotoxic T and T helper cells might be the targeted cells of G-MDSCs. In the in vitro study, we find that myeloid precursors preferentially generate G-MDSCs and improve their suppressive capacity via chemokine interaction and YAP signaling when exposed to ethanol. Furthermore, IL-6 serves as an important indirect factor in mediating the expansion of G-MDSCs populations after acute ethanol exposure. Collectively, we show that expansion of G-MDSCs in response to ethanol consumption plays a protective role in acute alcoholic liver damage. Our study provides novel evidence of the immune response to acute ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Hong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Huabin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein is a shuttle protein that delivers nutrients through receptor-mediated endocytosis to embryotic cells. In adults, alpha-fetoprotein can shuttle drugs into alpha-fetoprotein receptor-positive myeloid-derived suppressor, regenerating and also cancer cells. Drugs with high-binding affinity to alpha-fetoprotein can activate or deplete targeted cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells activation leads to immune suppression that can be used for treating autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, toxins delivered by alpha-fetoprotein can damage myeloid-derived suppressor cells and consequently unleash innate and adaptive immunity to destroy cancer cells. Innate immunity natural killers reduce cancer stem cells and metastases. The new alpha-fetoprotein drug noncovalent complexes for immunotherapy change the local immune balance and has potential in oncology, autoimmune and infectious diseases treatment, inflammation, transplantation, vaccination, etc.
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