301
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Yi Z, Lei Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Guo J, Xu G, Yu MF, Cui P. Ultralow flexural properties of copper microhelices fabricated via electrodeposition-based three-dimensional direct-writing technology. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12524-12532. [PMID: 28819668 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03803h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Helical metallic micro/nanostructures as functional components have considerable potential for future miniaturized devices, based on their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Thus, understanding and controlling the mechanical properties of metallic helices is desirable for their practical application. Herein, we implemented a direct-writing technique based on the electrodeposition method to grow copper microhelices with well-defined and programmable three-dimensional (3D) features. The mechanical properties of the 3D helical structures were studied by the electrically induced quasistatic and dynamic electromechanical resonance technique. These methods mainly explored the static pull-in process and the dynamic electromechanical response, respectively. It was found that the center-symmetric and vertical double copper microhelix structure with 1.2 μm wire diameter has a flexural rigidity of 0.9 × 10-14 N m2 and the single vertical copper microhelix structure with 1.1 μm wire diameter has a flexural rigidity of 0.5989 × 10-14 N m2. By comparing with microwires and other reported micro/nanohelices, we found that the copper microhelices reported here had an ultralow stiffness (about 0.13 ± 0.01 N m-1). It is found that the experimental results agree well with the finite element calculations. The proposed method can be used to fabricate and measure the flexural properties of three-dimensional complex micro/nanowire structures, and may have a profound effect on the application of microhelices in various useful microdevices such as helix-based microelectromechanical switches, sensors and actuators based on their unique mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Yi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
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302
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Abstract
The arts of origami and kirigami inspired numerous examples of macroscale hierarchical structures with high degree of reconfigurability and multiple functionalities. Extension of kirigami and origami patterning to micro-, meso-, and nanoscales enabled production of nanocomposites with unusual combination of properties, transitioning these art forms to the toolbox of materials design. Various subtractive and additive fabrication techniques applicable to nanocomposites and out-of-plane deformation of patterns enable a technological framework to negotiate often contradictory structural requirements for materials properties. Additionally, the long-searched possibility of patterned composites/parts with highly predictable set of properties/functions emerged. In this review, we discuss foldable/stretchable composites with designed mechanical properties, as exemplified by the negative Poisson's ratio, as well as optical and electrical properties, as exemplified by the sheet conductance, photovoltage generation, and light diffraction. Reconfiguration achieved by extrinsic forces and/or intrinsic stresses enables a wide spectrum of technological applications including miniaturized biomedical tools, soft robotics, adaptive optics, and energy systems, extending the limits of both materials engineering concepts and technological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Terry C Shyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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303
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Li H, Grossman JC. Graphene Nanoribbon Based Thermoelectrics: Controllable Self- Doping and Long-Range Disorder. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600467. [PMID: 28852610 PMCID: PMC5566246 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Control of both the regularity of a material ensemble and nanoscale architecture provides unique opportunities to develop novel thermoelectric applications based on 2D materials. As an example, the authors explore the electronic and thermal properties of functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in the single-sheet and helical architectures using multiscale simulations. The results suggest that appropriate functionalization enables precise tuning of the doping density in a planar donor/acceptor GNR ensemble without the need to introduce an explicit dopant, which is critical to the optimization of power factor. In addition, the self-interaction between turns of a GNR may induce long-range disorder along the helical axis, which suppresses the thermal contribution from phonons with long wavelengths, leading to anomalous length independent phonon thermal transport in the quasi-1D system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology02139CambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology02139CambridgeMAUSA
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304
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Tan Y, Chu Z, Jiang Z, Hu T, Li G, Song J. Gyrification-Inspired Highly Convoluted Graphene Oxide Patterns for Ultralarge Deforming Actuators. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6843-6852. [PMID: 28582627 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gyrification in the human brain is driven by the compressive stress induced by the tangential expansion of the cortical layer, while similar topographies can also be induced by the tangential shrinkage of the spherical substrate. Herein we introduce a simple three-dimensional (3D) shrinking method to generate the cortex-like patterns using two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) as the building blocks. By rotation-dip-coating a GO film on an air-charged latex balloon and then releasing the air slowly, a highly folded hydrophobic GO surface can be induced. Wrinkling-to-folding transition was observed and the folding state can be easily regulated by varying the prestrain of the substrate and the thickness of the GO film. Driven by the residue stresses stored in the system, sheet-to-tube actuating occurs rapidly once the bilayer system is cut into slices. In response to some organic solvents, however, the square bilayer actuator exhibits excellent reversible, bidirectional, large-deformational curling properties on wetting and drying. An ultralarge curvature of 2.75 mm-1 was observed within 18 s from the original negative bending to the final positive bending in response to tetrahydrofuran (THF). In addition to a mechanical hand, a swimming worm, a smart package, a bionic mimosa, and two bionic flowers, a crude oil collector has been designed and demonstrated, aided by the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic modified GO surface and the solvent-responsive bilayer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Tan
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Hu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, P. R. China
| | - Gongyi Li
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, P. R. China
| | - Jia Song
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, P. R. China
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305
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Xia Z, Song H, Kim M, Zhou M, Chang TH, Liu D, Yin X, Xiong K, Mi H, Wang X, Xia F, Yu Z, Ma Z(J, Gan Q. Single-crystalline germanium nanomembrane photodetectors on foreign nanocavities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602783. [PMID: 28695202 PMCID: PMC5501504 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of optoelectronic devices offers tremendous performance gain. As the volume of photoactive material decreases, optoelectronic performance improves, including the operation speed, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the internal quantum efficiency. Over the past decades, researchers have managed to reduce the volume of photoactive materials in solar cells and photodetectors by orders of magnitude. However, two issues arise when one continues to thin down the photoactive layers to the nanometer scale (for example, <50 nm). First, light-matter interaction becomes weak, resulting in incomplete photon absorption and low quantum efficiency. Second, it is difficult to obtain ultrathin materials with single-crystalline quality. We introduce a method to overcome these two challenges simultaneously. It uses conventional bulk semiconductor wafers, such as Si, Ge, and GaAs, to realize single-crystalline films on foreign substrates that are designed for enhanced light-matter interaction. We use a high-yield and high-throughput method to demonstrate nanometer-thin photodetectors with significantly enhanced light absorption based on nanocavity interference mechanism. These single-crystalline nanomembrane photodetectors also exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, such as the strong field effect and spectral selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Haomin Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Munho Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kanglin Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hongyi Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zongfu Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhenqiang (Jack) Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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306
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Bäcklund FG, Elfwing A, Musumeci C, Ajjan F, Babenko V, Dzwolak W, Solin N, Inganäs O. Conducting microhelices from self-assembly of protein fibrils. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4412-4417. [PMID: 28590474 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we utilize insulin to prepare amyloid based chiral helices with either right or left handed helicity. We demonstrate that the helices can be utilized as structural templates for the conducting polymer alkoxysulfonate poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-S). The chirality of the helical assembly is transferred to PEDOT-S as demonstrated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and Circular Dichroism (CD). Analysis of the helices by conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) shows significant conductivity. In addition, the morphology of the template structure is stabilized by PEDOT-S. These conductive helical structures represent promising candidates in our quest for THz resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik G Bäcklund
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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307
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Jang KI, Li K, Chung HU, Xu S, Jung HN, Yang Y, Kwak JW, Jung HH, Song J, Yang C, Wang A, Liu Z, Lee JY, Kim BH, Kim JH, Lee J, Yu Y, Kim BJ, Jang H, Yu KJ, Kim J, Lee JW, Jeong JW, Song YM, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Self-assembled three dimensional network designs for soft electronics. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28635956 PMCID: PMC5482057 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low modulus, compliant systems of sensors, circuits and radios designed to intimately interface with the soft tissues of the human body are of growing interest, due to their emerging applications in continuous, clinical-quality health monitors and advanced, bioelectronic therapeutics. Although recent research establishes various materials and mechanics concepts for such technologies, all existing approaches involve simple, two-dimensional (2D) layouts in the constituent micro-components and interconnects. Here we introduce concepts in three-dimensional (3D) architectures that bypass important engineering constraints and performance limitations set by traditional, 2D designs. Specifically, open-mesh, 3D interconnect networks of helical microcoils formed by deterministic compressive buckling establish the basis for systems that can offer exceptional low modulus, elastic mechanics, in compact geometries, with active components and sophisticated levels of functionality. Coupled mechanical and electrical design approaches enable layout optimization, assembly processes and encapsulation schemes to yield 3D configurations that satisfy requirements in demanding, complex systems, such as wireless, skin-compatible electronic sensors. Many low modulus systems, such as sensors, circuits and radios, are in 2D formats that interface with soft human tissue in order to form health monitors or bioelectronic therapeutics. Here the authors produce 3D architectures, which bypass engineering constraints and performance limitations experienced by their 2D counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-In Jang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Kan Li
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ha Uk Chung
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Han Na Jung
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jean Won Kwak
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Han Hee Jung
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Juwon Song
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Ce Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Jong Yoon Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jungyup Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yongjoon Yu
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Hokyung Jang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Neurological Surgery, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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308
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Fernández-Pacheco A, Streubel R, Fruchart O, Hertel R, Fischer P, Cowburn RP. Three-dimensional nanomagnetism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15756. [PMID: 28598416 PMCID: PMC5494189 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures are being developed for use in many aspects of our daily life, spanning areas such as data storage, sensing and biomedicine. Whereas patterned nanomagnets are traditionally two-dimensional planar structures, recent work is expanding nanomagnetism into three dimensions; a move triggered by the advance of unconventional synthesis methods and the discovery of new magnetic effects. In three-dimensional nanomagnets more complex magnetic configurations become possible, many with unprecedented properties. Here we review the creation of these structures and their implications for the emergence of new physics, the development of instrumentation and computational methods, and exploitation in numerous applications. Nanoscale magnetic devices play a key role in modern technologies but current applications involve only 2D structures like magnetic discs. Here the authors review recent progress in the fabrication and understanding of 3D magnetic nanostructures, enabling more diverse functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Streubel
- Division of Materials Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Olivier Fruchart
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble INP, INAC, SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Riccardo Hertel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, Department of Magnetic Objects on the Nanoscale, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Fischer
- Division of Materials Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Russell P Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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309
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Fu H, Nan K, Froeter P, Huang W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yan Z, Luan H, Guo X, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Li L, Dunn AC, Li X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Mechanically-Guided Deterministic Assembly of 3D Mesostructures Assisted by Residual Stresses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201700151. [PMID: 28489315 PMCID: PMC5559729 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Formation of 3D mesostructures in advanced functional materials is of growing interest due to the widespread envisioned applications of devices that exploit 3D architectures. Mechanically guided assembly based on compressive buckling of 2D precursors represents a promising method, with applicability to a diverse set of geometries and materials, including inorganic semiconductors, metals, polymers, and their heterogeneous combinations. This paper introduces ideas that extend the levels of control and the range of 3D layouts that are achievable in this manner. Here, thin, patterned layers with well-defined residual stresses influence the process of 2D to 3D geometric transformation. Systematic studies through combined analytical modeling, numerical simulations, and experimental observations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy through ≈20 example cases with a broad range of complex 3D topologies. The results elucidate the ability of these stressed layers to alter the energy landscape associated with the transformation process and, specifically, the energy barriers that separate different stable modes in the final 3D configurations. A demonstration in a mechanically tunable microbalance illustrates the utility of these ideas in a simple structure designed for mass measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Froeter
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Juntong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Man-machine-Environment Engineering Institute, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Luming Li
- Man-machine-Environment Engineering Institute, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Alison C. Dunn
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
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310
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Bae HJ, Bae S, Yoon J, Park C, Kim K, Kwon S, Park W. Self-organization of maze-like structures via guided wrinkling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700071. [PMID: 28695195 PMCID: PMC5493415 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) structures found in nature are self-organized by bottom-up natural processes. To artificially construct these complex systems, various bottom-up fabrication methods, designed to transform 2D structures into 3D structures, have been developed as alternatives to conventional top-down lithography processes. We present a different self-organization approach, where we construct microstructures with periodic and ordered, but with random architecture, like mazes. For this purpose, we transformed planar surfaces using wrinkling to directly use randomly generated ridges as maze walls. Highly regular maze structures, consisting of several tessellations with customized designs, were fabricated by precisely controlling wrinkling with the ridge-guiding structure, analogous to the creases in origami. The method presented here could have widespread applications in various material systems with multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jong Bae
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangwook Bae
- Institute of Entrepreneurial Bio Convergence, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinsik Yoon
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deongyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Cheolheon Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deongyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Kibeom Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deongyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Entrepreneurial Bio Convergence, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Corresponding author. (W.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Wook Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deongyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Corresponding author. (W.P.); (S.K.)
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311
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Cui J, Yao S, Huang Q, Adams JGM, Zhu Y. Controlling the self-folding of a polymer sheet using a local heater: the effect of the polymer-heater interface. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3863-3870. [PMID: 28430268 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-folding of a pre-strained shape memory polymer (SMP) sheet was demonstrated using local joule heating. Folding is caused by shrinkage variation across the thickness of the SMP sheet. The folding direction can be controlled by the interfacial interaction between the heater and the SMP sheet. When the heater is placed on the SMP sheet with no constraint (weak interface), the SMP sheet folds toward the heater. Temperature gradient across the SMP thickness gives rise to the shrinkage variation. By contrast, when the heater is fixed to the SMP sheet (strong interface), the SMP sheet can fold away from the heater. In this case shrinkage variation is dictated by the constraining effect of the heater. In either mode, 180 degrees folding can be achieved. The folding angle can be controlled by varying the heater width and folding time. This method is simple and can be used to fold structures with sharp angles in a sequential manner. A variety of structures were folded as demonstrations, including digital numbers 0-9, a cube, a boat, and a crane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910, USA.
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312
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Ma Y, Feng X, Rogers JA, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Design and application of 'J-shaped' stress-strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1689-1704. [PMID: 28470286 PMCID: PMC5505255 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A variety of natural biological tissues (e.g., skin, ligaments, spider silk, blood vessel) exhibit 'J-shaped' stress-strain behavior, thereby combining soft, compliant mechanics and large levels of stretchability, with a natural 'strain-limiting' mechanism to prevent damage from excessive strain. Synthetic materials with similar stress-strain behaviors have potential utility in many promising applications, such as tissue engineering (to reproduce the nonlinear mechanical properties of real biological tissues) and biomedical devices (to enable natural, comfortable integration of stretchable electronics with biological tissues/organs). Recent advances in this field encompass developments of novel material/structure concepts, fabrication approaches, and unique device applications. This review highlights five representative strategies, including designs that involve open network, wavy and wrinkled morphologies, helical layouts, kirigami and origami constructs, and textile formats. Discussions focus on the underlying ideas, the fabrication/assembly routes, and the microstructure-property relationships that are essential for optimization of the desired 'J-shaped' stress-strain responses. Demonstration applications provide examples of the use of these designs in deformable electronics and biomedical devices that offer soft, compliant mechanics but with inherent robustness against damage from excessive deformation. We conclude with some perspectives on challenges and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Ma
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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313
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Tang Z, Gao Z, Jia S, Wang F, Wang Y. Graphene-Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light-Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600437. [PMID: 28546911 PMCID: PMC5441511 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
3D structure assembly in advanced functional materials is important for many areas of technology. Here, a new strategy exploits IR light-driven bilayer polymeric composites for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures. The bilayer sheet comprises a passive layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and an active layer comprising reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), thermally expanding microspheres (TEMs), and PDMS. The corresponding fabrication method is versatile and simple. Owing to the large volume expansion of the TEMs, the two layers exhibit large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion. The RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS bilayers can deflect toward the PDMS side upon IR irradiation via the cooperative effect of the photothermal effect of the RGOs and the expansion of the TEMs, and exhibit excellent light-driven, a large bending deformation, and rapid responsive properties. The proposed RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS composites with excellent light-driven bending properties are demonstrated as active hinges for building 3D geometries such as bidirectionally folded columns, boxes, pyramids, and cars. The folding angle (ranging from 0° to 180°) is well-controlled by tuning the active hinge length. Furthermore, the folded 3D architectures can permanently preserve the deformed shape without energy supply. The presented approach has potential in biomedical devices, aerospace applications, microfluidic devices, and 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Tang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Shuhai Jia
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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314
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Mao Y, Zheng Y, Li C, Guo L, Pan Y, Zhu R, Xu J, Zhang W, Wu W. Programmable Bidirectional Folding of Metallic Thin Films for 3D Chiral Optical Antennas. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606482. [PMID: 28294438 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
3D structures with characteristic lengths ranging from nanometer to micrometer scale often exhibit extraordinary optical properties, and have been becoming an extensively explored field for building new generation nanophotonic devices. Albeit a few methods have been developed for fabricating 3D optical structures, constructing 3D structures with nanometer accuracy, diversified materials, and perfect morphology is an extremely challenging task. This study presents a general 3D nanofabrication technique, the focused ion beam stress induced deformation process, which allows a programmable and accurate bidirectional folding (-70°-+90°) of various metal and dielectric thin films. Using this method, 3D helical optical antennas with different handedness, improved surface smoothness, and tunable geometries are fabricated, and the strong optical rotation effects of single helical antennas are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zheng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yini Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for MicroNanoelectronics and Integrated System, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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315
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Yu Y, Fu F, Shang L, Cheng Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Bioinspired Helical Microfibers from Microfluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28266759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Helical objects are among the most important and landmark structures in nature, and represent an emerging group of materials with unique spiral geometry; because of their enriched physical and chemical properties, they can have multiple functionalities. However, the fabrication of such complex helical materials at the micro- or nanoscale level remains a challenge. Here, a coaxial capillary microfluidic system, with the functions of consecutive spinning and spiraling, is presented for scalable generation of helical microfibers. The generation processes can be precisely tuned by adjusting the flow rates, and thus the length, diameter, and pitch of the helical microfibers are highly controllable. Varying the injection capillary design of the microfluidics enables the generation of helical microfibers with structures such as the novel Janus, triplex, core-shell, and even double-helix structures. The potential use of these helical microfibers is also explored for magnetically and thermodynamically triggered microsprings, as well as for a force indicator for contraction of cardiomyocytes. These indicate that such helical microfibers are highly versatile for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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316
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Tseng P, Napier B, Zhao S, Mitropoulos AN, Applegate MB, Marelli B, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Directed assembly of bio-inspired hierarchical materials with controlled nanofibrillar architectures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:474-480. [PMID: 28250472 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In natural systems, directed self-assembly of structural proteins produces complex, hierarchical materials that exhibit a unique combination of mechanical, chemical and transport properties. This controlled process covers dimensions ranging from the nano- to the macroscale. Such materials are desirable to synthesize integrated and adaptive materials and systems. We describe a bio-inspired process to generate hierarchically defined structures with multiscale morphology by using regenerated silk fibroin. The combination of protein self-assembly and microscale mechanical constraints is used to form oriented, porous nanofibrillar networks within predesigned macroscopic structures. This approach allows us to predefine the mechanical and physical properties of these materials, achieved by the definition of gradients in nano- to macroscale order. We fabricate centimetre-scale material geometries including anchors, cables, lattices and webs, as well as functional materials with structure-dependent strength and anisotropic thermal transport. Finally, multiple three-dimensional geometries and doped nanofibrillar constructs are presented to illustrate the facile integration of synthetic and natural additives to form functional, interactive, hierarchical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tseng
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875 Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Bradley Napier
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875 Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Applegate
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875 Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875 Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875 Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875 Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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317
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Ning X, Wang H, Yu X, Soares JANT, Yan Z, Nan K, Velarde G, Xue Y, Sun R, Dong Q, Luan H, Lee CM, Chempakasseril A, Han M, Wang Y, Li L, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers J. Three-Dimensional Multiscale, Multistable, and Geometrically Diverse Microstructures with Tunable Vibrational Dynamics Assembled by Compressive Buckling. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1605914. [PMID: 29456464 PMCID: PMC5813837 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201605914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems remain an area of significant interest in fundamental and applied research due to their wide ranging applications. Most device designs, however, are largely two-dimensional and constrained to only a few simple geometries. Achieving tunable resonant frequencies or broad operational bandwidths requires complex components and/or fabrication processes. The work presented here reports unusual classes of three-dimensional (3D) micromechanical systems in the form of vibratory platforms assembled by controlled compressive buckling. Such 3D structures can be fabricated across a broad range of length scales and from various materials, including soft polymers, monocrystalline silicon, and their composites, resulting in a wide scope of achievable resonant frequencies and mechanical behaviors. Platforms designed with multistable mechanical responses and vibrationally de-coupled constituent elements offer improved bandwidth and frequency tunability. Furthermore, the resonant frequencies can be controlled through deformations of an underlying elastomeric substrate. Systematic experimental and computational studies include structures with diverse geometries, ranging from tables, cages, rings, ring-crosses, ring-disks, two-floor ribbons, flowers, umbrellas, triple-cantilever platforms, and asymmetric circular helices, to multilayer constructions. These ideas form the foundations for engineering designs that complement those supported by conventional, microelectromechanical systems, with capabilities that could be useful in systems for biosensing, energy harvesting and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Heling Wang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Julio A N T Soares
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Gabriel Velarde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Rujie Sun
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR (UK)
| | - Qiyi Dong
- Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Aditya Chempakasseril
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Mengdi Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China)
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Luming Li
- Man-machine-Environment Engineering Institute, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - John Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
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318
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Kaplan CN, Noorduin WL, Li L, Sadza R, Folkertsma L, Aizenberg J, Mahadevan L. Controlled growth and form of precipitating microsculptures. Science 2017; 355:1395-1399. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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319
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Byun J, Lee B, Oh E, Kim H, Kim S, Lee S, Hong Y. Fully printable, strain-engineered electronic wrap for customizable soft electronics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45328. [PMID: 28338055 PMCID: PMC5364427 DOI: 10.1038/srep45328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of stretchable electronics stimulates broad uses in multidisciplinary fields as well as industrial applications. However, existing technologies are unsuitable for implementing versatile applications involving adaptable system design and functions in a cost/time-effective way because of vacuum-conditioned, lithographically-predefined processes. Here, we present a methodology for a fully printable, strain-engineered electronic wrap as a universal strategy which makes it more feasible to implement various stretchable electronic systems with customizable layouts and functions. The key aspects involve inkjet-printed rigid island (PRI)-based stretchable platform technology and corresponding printing-based automated electronic functionalization methodology, the combination of which provides fully printed, customized layouts of stretchable electronic systems with simplified process. Specifically, well-controlled contact line pinning effect of printed polymer solution enables the formation of PRIs with tunable thickness; and surface strain analysis on those PRIs leads to the optimized stability and device-to-island fill factor of strain-engineered electronic wraps. Moreover, core techniques of image-based automated pinpointing, surface-mountable device based electronic functionalizing, and one-step interconnection networking of PRIs enable customized circuit design and adaptable functionalities. To exhibit the universality of our approach, multiple types of practical applications ranging from self-computable digital logics to display and sensor system are demonstrated on skin in a customized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Byun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Eunho Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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320
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Mahenderkar NK, Chen Q, Liu YC, Duchild AR, Hofheins S, Chason E, Switzer JA. Epitaxial lift-off of electrodeposited single-crystal gold foils for flexible electronics. Science 2017; 355:1203-1206. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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321
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Zhang YG, Zhu YJ, Chen F, Sun TW. Biocompatible, Ultralight, Strong Hydroxyapatite Networks Based on Hydroxyapatite Microtubes with Excellent Permeability and Ultralow Thermal Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7918-7928. [PMID: 28240537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, ultralight materials such as aerogels have become one of the hottest research topics owing to their unique properties. However, most reported ultralight materials are bioinert. In this work, by using biocompatible, monodisperse, single-crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAP) microtubes as the building blocks, ultralight, strong, highly porous, three-dimensional (3-D) HAP networks have been successfully fabricated through a facile freeze-drying method and subsequent sintering at 1300 °C for 2 h. The as-prepared ultralight, strong, highly porous 3-D HAP microtube networks exhibit superior properties, such as ultrahigh porosity (89% to 96%), low density (94.1 to 347.1 mg/cm3), high compressive strength that can withstand more than 6400 times of their own weight without any fracture and is higher than aerogels with similar densities, and ultralow thermal conductivity (0.05 W/mK). Owing to their high porosity, ultralight, and good mechanical properties and high biocompatibility, the HAP microtube networks reported herein are promising for applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tuan-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
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322
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Abstract
Wearable technology has attracted significant public attention and has generated huge societal and economic impact, leading to changes of both personal lifestyles and formats of healthcare. An important type of devices in wearable technology is flexible and stretchable skin sensors used primarily for biophysiological signal sensing and biomolecule analysis on skin. These sensors offer mechanical compatibility to human skin and maximum compliance to skin morphology and motion, demonstrating great potential as promising alternatives to current wearable electronic devices based on rigid substrates and packages. The mechanisms behind the design and applications of these sensors are numerous, involving profound knowledge about the physical and chemical properties of the sensors and the skin. The corresponding materials are diverse, featuring thin elastic films and unique stretchable structures based on traditional hard or ductile materials. In addition, the fabrication techniques that range from complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication to innovative additive manufacturing have led to various sensor formats. This paper reviews mechanisms, materials, fabrication techniques, and representative applications of flexible and stretchable skin sensors, and provides perspective of future trends of the sensors in improving biomedical sensing, human machine interfacing, and quality of life.
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323
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Highly stretchable and shape-controllable three-dimensional antenna fabricated by "Cut-Transfer-Release" method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42227. [PMID: 28198812 PMCID: PMC5304148 DOI: 10.1038/srep42227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses on the Kirigami-inspired method provide a new idea to assemble three-dimensional (3D) functional structures with conventional materials by releasing the prestrained elastomeric substrates. In this paper, highly stretchable serpentine-like antenna is fabricated by a simple and quick “Cut-Transfer-Release” method for assembling stretchable 3D functional structures on an elastomeric substrate with a controlled shape. The mechanical reliability of the serpentine-like 3D stretchable antenna is evaluated by the finite element method and experiments. The antenna shows consistent radio frequency performance with center frequency at 5.6 GHz during stretching up to 200%. The 3D structure is also able to eliminate the hand effect observed commonly in the conventional antenna. This work is expected to spur the applications of novel 3D structures in the stretchable electronics.
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324
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Vinod TP, Taylor JM, Konda A, Morin SA. Stretchable Substrates for the Assembly of Polymeric Microstructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603350. [PMID: 27982514 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The directed assembly of micro-/nanoscale objects relies on physical or chemical processes to generate structures that are not possible via self-assembly alone. A relatively unexplored strategy in directed assembly is the "active" manipulation of building blocks through deformations of elastomeric substrates. This manuscript reports a method which uses macroscopic mechanical deformations of chemically modified silicone films to realize the rational assembly of microscopic polymer structures. Specifically, polystyrene microparticles are deposited onto polydimethylsiloxane substrates using microcontact-printing where, through a process that involved stretching/relaxing the substrates and bonding of the particles, they are elaborated into microstructures of various sizes, shapes, symmetries, periodicities, and functionalities. The resulting polymeric microstructures can be released and redeposited onto planar/nonplanar surfaces. When building blocks with different properties (e.g., those with fluorescent and catalytic properties) are used, it is possible to fabricate structures with heterogeneous functionality. This method can be extended to the assembly of numerous micro-/nanoscale building blocks (e.g., colloidal organic/inorganic materials) with rational control over the size, shape, and functionality of the product. As a strategy, the use of substrate deformations to enable the micromanipulation and fabrication of a potentially diverse set of assemblies represents a powerful tool useful to, for example, nanotechnology and micromanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Vinod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jay M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Abhiteja Konda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Stephen A Morin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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325
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Kim J, Wang Y, Park H, Park MC, Moon SE, Hong SM, Koo CM, Suh KY, Yang S, Cho H. Nonlinear Frameworks for Reversible and Pluripotent Wetting on Topographic Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605078. [PMID: 27935128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft, ultrathin frameworks nonlinearly organized in tandem are presented to realize both reversible and pluripotent wetting on topographic surfaces. A design rule is introduced by establishing and proving the theoretical model upon hierarchical textures. Nonlinear frameworks can be conformally and reversibly wet upon complex topography in nature, thereby overcoming the wetting problems in previous conventional solid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
- 3D New Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hyunchul Park
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Moon
- 3D New Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Man Hong
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Min Koo
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 191014, USA
| | - Hyesung Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 191014, USA
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326
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Huang L, Jiang R, Wu J, Song J, Bai H, Li B, Zhao Q, Xie T. Ultrafast Digital Printing toward 4D Shape Changing Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605390. [PMID: 27936286 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast 4D printing (<30 s) of responsive polymers is reported. Visible-light-triggered polymerization of commercial monomers defines digitally stress distribution in a 2D polymer film. Releasing the stress after the printing converts the structure into 3D. An additional dimension can be incorporated by choosing the printing precursors. The process overcomes the speed limiting steps of typical 3D (4D) printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ruiqi Jiang
- Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jizhou Song
- Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bogeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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327
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Overvelde JTB, Weaver JC, Hoberman C, Bertoldi K. Rational design of reconfigurable prismatic architected materials. Nature 2017; 541:347-352. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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328
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Nan K, Luan H, Yan Z, Ning X, Wang Y, Wang A, Wang J, Han M, Chang M, Li K, Zhang Y, Huang W, Xue Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Engineered elastomer substrates for guided assembly of complex 3D mesostructures by spatially nonuniform compressive buckling. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1604281. [PMID: 28970775 PMCID: PMC5621772 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Approaches capable of creating three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures in advanced materials (device-grade semiconductors, electroactive polymers etc.) are of increasing interest in modern materials research. A versatile set of approaches exploits transformation of planar precursors into 3D architectures through the action of compressive forces associated with release of prestrain in a supporting elastomer substrate. Although a diverse set of 3D structures can be realized in nearly any class of material in this way, all previously reported demonstrations lack the ability to vary the degree of compression imparted to different regions of the 2D precursor, thus constraining the diversity of 3D geometries. This paper presents a set of ideas in materials and mechanics in which elastomeric substrates with engineered distributions of thickness yield desired strain distributions for targeted control over resultant 3D mesostructures geometries. This approach is compatible with a broad range of advanced functional materials from device-grade semiconductors to commercially available thin films, over length scales from tens of microns to several millimeters. A wide range of 3D structures can be produced in this way, some of which have direct relevance to applications in tunable optics and stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Ao Wang
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA), Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Juntong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Mengdi Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Matthew Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Kan Li
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
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329
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Gan L, He H, Yu Q, Ye Z. Tuning the fluorescence intensity and stability of porous silicon nanowires via mild thermal oxidation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous Si nanowires show anomalous luminescence quenching and improved sensing stability upon mild thermal oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
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330
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Bargardi FL, Le Ferrand H, Libanori R, Studart AR. Bio-inspired self-shaping ceramics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13912. [PMID: 28008930 PMCID: PMC5196359 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaping ceramics into complex and intricate geometries using cost-effective processes is desirable in many applications but still remains an open challenge. Inspired by plant seed dispersal units that self-fold on differential swelling, we demonstrate that self-shaping can be implemented in ceramics by programming the material's microstructure to undergo local anisotropic shrinkage during heat treatment. Such microstructural design is achieved by magnetically aligning functionalized ceramic platelets in a liquid ceramic suspension, subsequently consolidated through an established enzyme-catalysed reaction. By fabricating alumina compacts exhibiting bio-inspired bilayer architectures, we achieve deliberate control over shape change during the sintering step. Bending, twisting or combinations of these two basic movements can be successfully programmed to obtain a myriad of complex shapes. The simplicity and the universality of such a bottom-up shaping method makes it attractive for applications that would benefit from low-waste ceramic fabrication, temperature-resistant interlocking structures or unusual geometries not accessible using conventional top-down manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L. Bargardi
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hortense Le Ferrand
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Libanori
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R. Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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331
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Liu Y, Lan K, Li S, Liu Y, Kong B, Wang G, Zhang P, Wang R, He H, Ling Y, Al-Enizi AM, Elzatahry AA, Cao Y, Chen G, Zhao D. Constructing Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Bouquet-Posy-like TiO2 Superstructures with Radially Oriented Mesochannels and Single-Crystal Walls. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:517-526. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kun Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shushuang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Geng Wang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruicong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haili He
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Enizi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Elzatahry
- Materials
Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O.
Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yong Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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332
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Zhang H, Yang F, Dong J, Du L, Wang C, Zhang J, Guo CF, Liu Q. Kaleidoscopic imaging patterns of complex structures fabricated by laser-induced deformation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13743. [PMID: 27910852 PMCID: PMC5476795 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex surface structures have stimulated a great deal of interests due to many potential applications in surface devices. However, in the fabrication of complex surface micro-/nanostructures, there are always great challenges in precise design, or good controllability, or low cost, or high throughput. Here, we present a route for the accurate design and highly controllable fabrication of surface quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) structures based on a thermal deformation of simple two-dimensional laser-induced patterns. A complex quasi-3D structure, coaxially nested convex–concave microlens array, as an example, demonstrates our capability of design and fabrication of surface elements with this method. Moreover, by using only one relief mask with the convex–concave microlens structure, we have gotten hundreds of target patterns at different imaging planes, offering a cost-effective solution for mass production in lithography and imprinting, and portending a paradigm in quasi-3D manufacturing. Complex surface micro- and nanostructures can be useful in many device applications, but are challenging in terms of controllability, low cost and high throughput. Here the authors have fabricated quasi 3D structures by the thermal deformation of simple two-dimensional laser-induced patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,Faculty of Electron and Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Fengyou Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,Faculty of Electron and Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Jianjie Dong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lena Du
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,Faculty of Electron and Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,Faculty of Electron and Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 212213, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.,Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 212213, China.,The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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333
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Han S, Kim MK, Wang B, Wie DS, Wang S, Lee CH. Mechanically Reinforced Skin-Electronics with Networked Nanocomposite Elastomer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10257-10265. [PMID: 27714861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically reinforced skin-electronics are presented by exploiting networked nanocomposite elastomers where high quality metal nanowires serve as conducting paths. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the established skin-electronics exhibit superior mechanical enhancements against crack and delamination phenomena. Device applications include a class of biomedical devices that offers the ability of thermotherapeutic stimulation and electrophysiological monitoring, all via the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Min Ku Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Dae Seung Wie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shuodao Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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334
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Liu Y, Norton JJS, Qazi R, Zou Z, Ammann KR, Liu H, Yan L, Tran PL, Jang KI, Lee JW, Zhang D, Kilian KA, Jung SH, Bretl T, Xiao J, Slepian MJ, Huang Y, Jeong JW, Rogers JA. Epidermal mechano-acoustic sensing electronics for cardiovascular diagnostics and human-machine interfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601185. [PMID: 28138529 PMCID: PMC5262452 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological mechano-acoustic signals, often with frequencies and intensities that are beyond those associated with the audible range, provide information of great clinical utility. Stethoscopes and digital accelerometers in conventional packages can capture some relevant data, but neither is suitable for use in a continuous, wearable mode, and both have shortcomings associated with mechanical transduction of signals through the skin. We report a soft, conformal class of device configured specifically for mechano-acoustic recording from the skin, capable of being used on nearly any part of the body, in forms that maximize detectable signals and allow for multimodal operation, such as electrophysiological recording. Experimental and computational studies highlight the key roles of low effective modulus and low areal mass density for effective operation in this type of measurement mode on the skin. Demonstrations involving seismocardiography and heart murmur detection in a series of cardiac patients illustrate utility in advanced clinical diagnostics. Monitoring of pump thrombosis in ventricular assist devices provides an example in characterization of mechanical implants. Speech recognition and human-machine interfaces represent additional demonstrated applications. These and other possibilities suggest broad-ranging uses for soft, skin-integrated digital technologies that can capture human body acoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - James J. S. Norton
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Raza Qazi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zhanan Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R. Ammann
- Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Hank Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lingqing Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Phat L. Tran
- Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kyung-In Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Douglas Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Timothy Bretl
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marvin J. Slepian
- Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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335
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Zheng X, Smith W, Jackson J, Moran B, Cui H, Chen D, Ye J, Fang N, Rodriguez N, Weisgraber T, Spadaccini CM. Multiscale metallic metamaterials. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1100-6. [PMID: 27429209 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Materials with three-dimensional micro- and nanoarchitectures exhibit many beneficial mechanical, energy conversion and optical properties. However, these three-dimensional microarchitectures are significantly limited by their scalability. Efforts have only been successful only in demonstrating overall structure sizes of hundreds of micrometres, or contain size-scale gaps of several orders of magnitude. This results in degraded mechanical properties at the macroscale. Here we demonstrate hierarchical metamaterials with disparate three-dimensional features spanning seven orders of magnitude, from nanometres to centimetres. At the macroscale they achieve high tensile elasticity (>20%) not found in their brittle-like metallic constituents, and a near-constant specific strength. Creation of these materials is enabled by a high-resolution, large-area additive manufacturing technique with scalability not achievable by two-photon polymerization or traditional stereolithography. With overall part sizes approaching tens of centimetres, these unique nanostructured metamaterials might find use in a broad array of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - William Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Julie Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Bryan Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Huachen Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Jianchao Ye
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Nicholas Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Todd Weisgraber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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336
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Song Z, Lv C, Liang M, Sanphuang V, Wu K, Chen B, Zhao Z, Bai J, Wang X, Volakis JL, Wang L, He X, Yao Y, Tongay S, Jiang H. Microscale Silicon Origami. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5401-5406. [PMID: 27552191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology to create 3D origami patterns out of Si nanomembranes using pre-stretched and pre-patterned polydimethylsiloxane substrates is reported. It is shown this approach is able to mimic paper-based origami patterns. The combination of origami-based microscale 3D architectures and stretchable devices will lead to a breakthrough on reconfigurable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Song
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Cheng Lv
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Mengbing Liang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Varittha Sanphuang
- ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Kedi Wu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - John L Volakis
- ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ximin He
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hanqing Jiang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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337
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Multifunctional Polymer-Based Graphene Foams with Buckled Structure and Negative Poisson's Ratio. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32989. [PMID: 27608928 PMCID: PMC5016781 DOI: 10.1038/srep32989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the polymer-based graphene foams through combination of bottom-up assembly and simple triaxially buckled structure design. The resulting polymer-based graphene foams not only effectively transfer the functional properties of graphene, but also exhibit novel negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) behaviors due to the presence of buckled structure. Our results show that after the introduction of buckled structure, improvement in stretchability, toughness, flexibility, energy absorbing ability, hydrophobicity, conductivity, piezoresistive sensitivity and crack resistance could be achieved simultaneously. The combination of mechanical properties, multifunctional performance and unusual deformation behavior would lead to the use of our polymer-based graphene foams for a variety of novel applications in future such as stretchable capacitors or conductors, sensors and oil/water separators and so on.
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338
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Yan Z, Zhang F, Liu F, Han M, Ou D, Liu Y, Lin Q, Guo X, Fu H, Xie Z, Gao M, Huang Y, Kim J, Qiu Y, Nan K, Kim J, Gutruf P, Luo H, Zhao A, Hwang KC, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Mechanical assembly of complex, 3D mesostructures from releasable multilayers of advanced materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601014. [PMID: 27679820 PMCID: PMC5035128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Capabilities for assembly of three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures in advanced materials have important implications across a broad range of application areas, reaching nearly every class of microsystem technology. Approaches that rely on the controlled, compressive buckling of 2D precursors are promising because of their demonstrated compatibility with the most sophisticated planar technologies, where materials include inorganic semiconductors, polymers, metals, and various heterogeneous combinations, spanning length scales from submicrometer to centimeter dimensions. We introduce a set of fabrication techniques and design concepts that bypass certain constraints set by the underlying physics and geometrical properties of the assembly processes associated with the original versions of these methods. In particular, the use of releasable, multilayer 2D precursors provides access to complex 3D topologies, including dense architectures with nested layouts, controlled points of entanglement, and other previously unobtainable layouts. Furthermore, the simultaneous, coordinated assembly of additional structures can enhance the structural stability and drive the motion of extended features in these systems. The resulting 3D mesostructures, demonstrated in a diverse set of more than 40 different examples with feature sizes from micrometers to centimeters, offer unique possibilities in device design. A 3D spiral inductor for near-field communication represents an example where these ideas enable enhanced quality (Q) factors and broader working angles compared to those of conventional 2D counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Ou
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Haoran Fu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mingye Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - JungHwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yitao Qiu
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hongying Luo
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - An Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keh-Chih Hwang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.A.R.); (Y.Z.); (Yonggang Huang)
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.A.R.); (Y.Z.); (Yonggang Huang)
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.A.R.); (Y.Z.); (Yonggang Huang)
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339
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Overvelde JTB, Dykstra DMJ, de Rooij R, Weaver J, Bertoldi K. Tensile Instability in a Thick Elastic Body. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:094301. [PMID: 27610857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.094301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A range of instabilities can occur in soft bodies that undergo large deformation. While most of them arise under compressive forces, it has previously been shown analytically that a tensile instability can occur in an elastic block subjected to equitriaxial tension. Guided by this result, we conducted centimeter-scale experiments on thick elastomeric samples under generalized plane strain conditions and observed for the first time this elastic tensile instability. We found that equibiaxial stretching leads to the formation of a wavy pattern, as regions of the sample alternatively flatten and extend in the out-of-plane direction. Our work uncovers a new type of instability that can be triggered in elastic bodies, enlarging the design space for smart structures that harness instabilities to enhance their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T B Overvelde
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David M J Dykstra
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Rijk de Rooij
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - James Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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340
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Fan Z, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Zhang F, Fu H, Hwang KC, Huang Y. A finite deformation model of planar serpentine interconnects for stretchable electronics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES 2016; 91:46-54. [PMID: 27695135 PMCID: PMC5042350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lithographically defined interconnects with filamentary, serpentine configurations have been widely used in various forms of stretchable electronic devices, owing to the ultra-high stretchability that can be achieved and the relative simple geometry that facilitates the design and fabrication. Theoretical models of serpentine interconnects developed previously for predicting the performance of stretchability were mainly based on the theory of infinitesimal deformation. This assumption, however, does not hold for the interconnects that undergo large levels of deformations before the structural failure. Here, an analytic model of serpentine interconnects is developed starting from the finite deformation theory of planar, curved beams. Finite element analyses (FEA) of the serpentine interconnects with a wide range of geometric parameters were performed to validate the developed model. Comparisons of the predicted stretchability to the estimations of linear models provide quantitative insights into the effect of finite deformation. Both the theoretical and numerical results indicate that a considerable overestimation (e.g., > 50% relatively) of the stretchability can be induced by the linear model for many representative shapes of serpentine interconnects. Furthermore, a simplified analytic solution of the stretchability is obtained by using an approximate model to characterize the nonlinear effect. The developed models can be used to facilitate the designs of serpentine interconnects in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Fu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Keh-Chih Hwang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Engineering and Health; Skin Disease Research Center; Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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341
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Wang H, Zhen H, Li S, Jing Y, Huang G, Mei Y, Lu W. Self-rolling and light-trapping in flexible quantum well-embedded nanomembranes for wide-angle infrared photodetectors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600027. [PMID: 27536723 PMCID: PMC4982750 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) design and manufacturing enable flexible nanomembranes to deliver unique properties and applications in flexible electronics, photovoltaics, and photonics. We demonstrate that a quantum well (QW)-embedded nanomembrane in a rolled-up geometry facilitates a 3D QW infrared photodetector (QWIP) device with enhanced responsivity and detectivity. Circular geometry of nanomembrane rolls provides the light coupling route; thus, there are no external light coupling structures, which are normally necessary for QWIPs. This 3D QWIP device under tube-based light-trapping mode presents broadband enhancement of coupling efficiency and omnidirectional detection under a wide incident angle (±70°), offering a unique solution to high-performance focal plane array. The winding number of these rolled-up QWIPs provides well-tunable blackbody photocurrents and responsivity. 3D self-assembly of functional nanomembranes offers a new path for high conversion efficiency between light and electricity in photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honglou Zhen
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Shilong Li
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Youliang Jing
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Lu
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Corresponding author. (Y.M.); (W.L.)
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342
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Zhang H, Tersoff J, Xu S, Chen H, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Yang Y, Lee CS, Tu KN, Li J, Lu Y. Approaching the ideal elastic strain limit in silicon nanowires. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501382. [PMID: 27540586 PMCID: PMC4988777 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high elasticity for silicon (Si) nanowires, one of the most important and versatile building blocks in nanoelectronics, would enable their application in flexible electronics and bio-nano interfaces. We show that vapor-liquid-solid-grown single-crystalline Si nanowires with diameters of ~100 nm can be repeatedly stretched above 10% elastic strain at room temperature, approaching the theoretical elastic limit of silicon (17 to 20%). A few samples even reached ~16% tensile strain, with estimated fracture stress up to ~20 GPa. The deformations were fully reversible and hysteresis-free under loading-unloading tests with varied strain rates, and the failures still occurred in brittle fracture, with no visible sign of plasticity. The ability to achieve this "deep ultra-strength" for Si nanowires can be attributed mainly to their pristine, defect-scarce, nanosized single-crystalline structure and atomically smooth surfaces. This result indicates that semiconductor nanowires could have ultra-large elasticity with tunable band structures for promising "elastic strain engineering" applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongti Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jerry Tersoff
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Shang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) 999077, China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) 999077, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - King-Ning Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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343
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Dai C, Cho JH. In Situ Monitored Self-Assembly of Three-Dimensional Polyhedral Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3655-60. [PMID: 27171023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of 3D nanostructures is a promising technology for the fabrication of next generation nanodevices and the exploration of novel phenomena. However, the present techniques for assembly of 3D nanostructures are invisible and have to be done without physical contact, which bring great challenges in controlling the shapes with nanoscale precision. This situation leads to an extremely low yield of self-assembly, especially in 3D nanostructures built with metal and semiconductor materials. Here, an in situ self-assembly process using a focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy system has been demonstrated to realize 3D polyhedral nanostructures from 2D multiple pieces. An excited ion beam in the FIB microscopy system offers not only a visualization of the nanoscale self-assembly process but also the necessary energy for inducing the process. Because the beam energy that induces the self-assembly can be precisely adjusted while monitoring the status of the self-assembly, it is possible to control the self-assembly process with sub-10 nm scale precision, resulting in the realization of diverse 3D nanoarchitectures with a high yield. This approach will lead to state-of-the-art applications utilizing properties of 3D nanostructures in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Dai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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344
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Wong WSY, Li M, Nisbet DR, Craig VSJ, Wang Z, Tricoli A. Mimosa Origami: A nanostructure-enabled directional self-organization regime of materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600417. [PMID: 28861471 PMCID: PMC5566163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the innate fundamentals of living systems is their ability to respond toward distinct stimuli by various self-organization behaviors. Despite extensive progress, the engineering of spontaneous motion in man-made inorganic materials still lacks the directionality and scale observed in nature. We report the directional self-organization of soft materials into three-dimensional geometries by the rapid propagation of a folding stimulus along a predetermined path. We engineer a unique Janus bilayer architecture with superior chemical and mechanical properties that enables the efficient transformation of surface energy into directional kinetic and elastic energies. This Janus bilayer can respond to pinpoint water stimuli by a rapid, several-centimeters-long self-assembly that is reminiscent of the Mimosa pudica's leaflet folding. The Janus bilayers also shuttle water at flow rates up to two orders of magnitude higher than traditional wicking-based devices, reaching velocities of 8 cm/s and flow rates of 4.7 μl/s. This self-organization regime enables the ease of fabricating curved, bent, and split flexible channels with lengths greater than 10 cm, demonstrating immense potential for microfluidics, biosensors, and water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Y. Wong
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Minfei Li
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Vincent S. J. Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of
Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Corresponding author. (A.T.);
(Z.W.)
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
- Corresponding author. (A.T.);
(Z.W.)
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345
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Skylar-Scott MA, Gunasekaran S, Lewis JA. Laser-assisted direct ink writing of planar and 3D metal architectures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6137-6142. [PMID: 27185932 PMCID: PMC4896727 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525131113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to pattern planar and freestanding 3D metallic architectures at the microscale would enable myriad applications, including flexible electronics, displays, sensors, and electrically small antennas. A 3D printing method is introduced that combines direct ink writing with a focused laser that locally anneals printed metallic features "on-the-fly." To optimize the nozzle-to-laser separation distance, the heat transfer along the printed silver wire is modeled as a function of printing speed, laser intensity, and pulse duration. Laser-assisted direct ink writing is used to pattern highly conductive, ductile metallic interconnects, springs, and freestanding spiral architectures on flexible and rigid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Skylar-Scott
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Suman Gunasekaran
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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346
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Liu Y, Yan Z, Lin Q, Guo X, Han M, Nan K, Hwang KC, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Guided Formation of 3D Helical Mesostructures by Mechanical Buckling: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:2909-2918. [PMID: 27499728 PMCID: PMC4972031 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201505132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) helical mesostructures are attractive for applications in a broad range of microsystem technologies, due to their mechanical and electromagnetic properties as stretchable interconnects, radio frequency antennas and others. Controlled compressive buckling of 2D serpentine-shaped ribbons provides a strategy to formation of such structures in wide ranging classes of materials (from soft polymers to brittle inorganic semiconductors) and length scales (from nanometer to centimeter), with an ability for automated, parallel assembly over large areas. The underlying relations between the helical configurations and fabrication parameters require a relevant theory as the basis of design for practical applications. Here, we present an analytic model of compressive buckling in serpentine microstructures, based on the minimization of total strain energy that results from various forms of spatially dependent deformations. Experiments at micro- and millimeter-scales, together with finite element analyses (FEA), were exploited to examine the validity of developed model. The theoretical analyses shed light on general scaling laws in terms of three groups of fabrication parameters (related to loading, material and 2D geometry), including a negligible effect of material parameters and a square root dependence of primary displacements on the compressive strain. Furthermore, analytic solutions were obtained for the key physical quantities (e.g., displacement, curvature and maximum strain). A demonstrative example illustrates how to leverage the analytic solutions in choosing the various design parameters, such that brittle fracture or plastic yield can be avoided in the assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Mengdi Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Keh-Chih Hwang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials, Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
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347
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Yan Z, Zhang F, Wang J, Liu F, Guo X, Nan K, Lin Q, Gao M, Xiao D, Shi Y, Qiu Y, Luan H, Kim JH, Wang Y, Luo H, Han M, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Controlled mechanical buckling for origami-inspired construction of 3D microstructures in advanced materials. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:2629-2639. [PMID: 27499727 PMCID: PMC4972027 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Origami is a topic of rapidly growing interest in both the scientific and engineering research communities due to its promising potential in a broad range of applications. Previous assembly approaches of origami structures at the micro/nanoscale are constrained by the applicable classes of materials, topologies and/or capability of control over the transformation. Here, we introduce an approach that exploits controlled mechanical buckling for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures across material classes from soft polymers to brittle inorganic semiconductors, and length scales from nanometers to centimeters. This approach relies on a spatial variation of thickness in the initial 2D structures as an effective strategy to produce engineered folding creases during the compressive buckling process. The elastic nature of the assembly scheme enables active, deterministic control over intermediate states in the 2D to 3D transformation in a continuous and reversible manner. Demonstrations include a broad set of 3D structures formed through unidirectional, bidirectional, and even hierarchical folding, with examples ranging from half cylindrical columns and fish scales, to cubic boxes, pyramids, starfish, paper fans, skew tooth structures, and to amusing system-level examples of soccer balls, model houses, cars, and multi-floor textured buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Jiechen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Fei Liu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Mingye Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Dongqing Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Yitao Qiu
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
| | - Hongying Luo
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA). School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (P. R. China)
| | - Mengdi Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (USA)
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348
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Taylor JM, Argyropoulos C, Morin SA. Soft Surfaces for the Reversible Control of Thin-Film Microstructure and Optical Reflectance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2595-2600. [PMID: 26823187 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A micromechano-optical material is rapidly and reversibly switched between distinct states of reflectance by simply stretching and relaxing the hybrid structure. The material is fabricated and controlled by leveraging the ability of soft elastic substrates to regulate the growth and morphological evolution of a chemically deposited polycrystalline thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Christos Argyropoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Stephen A Morin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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349
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Lee D, Han SE. Chiral nanocomposites: Hand-twisting light. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:377-378. [PMID: 27005914 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sang Eon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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350
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Lee HB, Bae CW, Duy LT, Sohn IY, Kim DI, Song YJ, Kim YJ, Lee NE. Mogul-Patterned Elastomeric Substrate for Stretchable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3069-3077. [PMID: 26917352 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A mogul-patterned stretchable substrate with multidirectional stretchability and minimal fracture of layers under high stretching is fabricated by double photolithography and soft lithography. Au layers and a reduced graphene oxide chemiresistor on a mogul-patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrate are stable and durable under various stretching conditions. The newly designed mogul-patterned stretchable substrate shows great promise for stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byeol Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Chan-Wool Bae
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Le Thai Duy
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Il-Yung Sohn
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Do-Il Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - You-Joon Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jea Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 16419, South Korea
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