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Endes S, Schaffner E, Caviezel S, Dratva J, Stolz D, Schindler C, Künzli N, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Probst-Hensch N. Is physical activity a modifier of the association between air pollution and arterial stiffness in older adults: The SAPALDIA cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017. [PMID: 28629640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Air pollution and insufficient physical activity have been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms linked to arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease. There are no studies on how physical activity modifies the association between air pollution and arterial stiffness. We examined whether the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution were modified by individual physical activity levels in 2823 adults aged 50-81 years from the well-characterized Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases (SAPALDIA). METHODS We assessed arterial stiffness as the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV [m/s]) with an oscillometric device. We administered a self-reported physical activity questionnaire to classify each subject's physical activity level. Air pollution exposure was estimated by the annual average individual home outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter <10μm and <2.5μm in diameter, respectively) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) exposure estimated for the year preceding the survey. Exposure estimates for ultrafine particles calculated as particle number concentration (PNC) and lung deposited surface area (LDSA) were available for a subsample (N=1353). We used mixed effects logistic regression models to regress increased arterial stiffness (baPWV≥14.4m/s) on air pollution exposure and physical activity while adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS We found evidence that the association of air pollution exposure with baPWV was different between inactive and active participants. The probability of having increased baPWV was significantly higher with higher PM10, PM2.5, NO2, PNC and LDSA exposure in inactive, but not in physically active participants. We found some evidence of an interaction between physical activity and ambient air pollution exposure for PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 (pinteraction=0.06, 0.09, and 0.04, respectively), but not PNC and LDSA (pinteraction=0.32 and 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides some indication that physical activity may protect against the adverse vascular effects of air pollution in low pollution settings. Additional research in large prospective cohorts is needed to assess whether the observed effect modification translates to high pollution settings in mega-cities of middle and low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Endes
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Div. Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Schaffner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Caviezel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Dratva
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Div. Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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302
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Abstract
Noncommunicable and chronic disease are interchangeable terms. According to the World Health Organization, "they are of long duration and generally slow progression. The 4 main types of chronic diseases are cardiovascular diseases (ie, heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes." We have known about the benefits of physical activity (PA) for thousands of years. Perhaps our approach, from public health messaging to the individual clinical encounter, as to how PA and exercise are discussed and prescribed can be improved upon, with the ultimate goal of increasing the likelihood that an individual moves more; ultimately moving more should be the goal. In fact, there is an incongruence between the evidence for the benefits of physical movement and how we message and integrate PA and exercise guidance into health care, if it is discussed at all. Specifically, evidence clearly indicates any migration away from the sedentary phenotype toward a movement phenotype is highly beneficial. As we necessarily move to a proactive, preventive healthcare model, we must reconceptualize how we evaluate and treat conditions that pose the greatest threat, namely chronic disease; there is a robust body of evidence supporting the premise of movement as medicine. The purpose of this perspective paper is to propose an alternate model for promoting, assessing, discussing, and prescribing physical movement.
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303
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Fantini C, Sgrò P, Pittaluga M, de Perini A, Dimauro I, Sartorio A, Caporossi D, Di Luigi L. Short-term, supra-physiological rhGH administration induces transient DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of healthy women. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:645-652. [PMID: 28211028 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While a good safety for recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy at replacement doses is recognized, a possible link between high concentration of the GH-IGF-I axis hormones and side negative effect has been reported. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether a short-term exposure to supra-physiological doses of rhGH may affect DNA integrity in human lymphocytes (PBL). METHODS Eighteen healthy Caucasian female (24.2 ± 3.5 years) were randomly included in a Control (n = 9) and rhGH administration group (n = 9, 3-week treatment). DNA damage (comet assay), chromosomal breaks, and mitotic index in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBL were evaluated before (PRE), immediately (POST), and 30 days (POST30) after the last rhGH administration (0.029 mg kg- 1 BW; 6 days/week), together with serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations. RESULTS rhGH administration increased IGF-I, without evidence of persisting IGF-I and IGFBP-3 changes 30 days after withdrawal. Total DNA breakage (% DNA in tails) was not significantly different in subjects treated with rhGH in comparison with controls, although the rhGH-treated subjects showed an higher percentage of heavily damaged nuclei immediately after the treatment (POST30 vs. PRE: p = 0.003), with a lower mitogenic potential of lymphocytes, detectable up to the POST30 (PRE vs. POST: p = 0.02; PRE vs. POST30: p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study showed that 3 weeks of short-term supra-physiological rhGH administration in healthy women induce a transient DNA damage and mitogenic impairment in PBL. The analysis of DNA damage should be explored as useful tool in monitoring the mid to long-term effects of high rhGH treatment or abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fantini
- Unit of Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - P Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - M Pittaluga
- Unit of Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - A de Perini
- Unit of Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - I Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - A Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, 20145, Milan, Italy
| | - D Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
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304
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Rhodes RE, Janssen I, Bredin SSD, Warburton DER, Bauman A. Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychol Health 2017; 32:942-975. [PMID: 28554222 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a broad overview of the state of physical activity (PA) research in the form of (1) definitions of PA, (2) health benefits, (3) prevalence, (4) correlates and (5) interventions. DESIGN A high-level overview of published reviews of the literature. RESULTS Regular PA is an effective primary and secondary preventative strategy against at least 25 chronic medical conditions with risk reduction typically in the 20-30% range. While approximately 75% of adults meet recommended PA guidelines, the prevalence is slightly lower for women compared to men, and considerably lower for youth, older adults and those in higher income countries. Motivation, self-efficacy and self-regulation remain consistent correlates of PA. Interventions show PA changes in the small effect size range for adults and youth but the heterogeneity is considerable across studies. Only a few (aggregate of behavioural regulation strategies, supervision, high frequency of contact) reliable moderators of intervention success were identified across study quality, sample characteristics, theory/behaviour change techniques and delivery modes/settings. CONCLUSION PA research should continue to examine the mechanisms causing health outcomes, the dose that can lead to clinically relevant changes in health status, the scope and validity of PA surveillance and innovative behaviour change techniques, while improving the reach and duration of PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- a Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- c School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - Adrian Bauman
- d School of Public Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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305
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Mouton A, Gillet N, Mouton F, Van Kann D, Bruyère O, Cloes M, Buckinx F. Effects of a giant exercising board game intervention on ambulatory physical activity among nursing home residents: a preliminary study. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:847-858. [PMID: 28579765 PMCID: PMC5446970 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s134760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the effects of a giant (4×3 m) exercising board game intervention on ambulatory physical activity (PA) and a broader array of physical and psychological outcomes among nursing home residents. Materials and methods A quasi-experimental longitudinal study was carried out in two comparable nursing homes. Ten participants (aged 82.5±6.3 and comprising 6 women) meeting the inclusion criteria took part in the 1-month intervention in one nursing home, whereas 11 participants (aged 89.9±3.1 with 8 women) were assigned to the control group in the other nursing home. The giant exercising board game required participants to per-form strength, flexibility, balance and endurance activities. The assistance provided by an exercising specialist decreased gradually during the intervention in an autonomy-oriented approach based on the self-determination theory. The following were assessed at baseline, after the intervention and after a follow-up period of 3 months: PA (steps/day and energy expenditure/day with ActiGraph), cognitive status (mini mental state examination), quality of life (EuroQol 5-dimensions), motivation for PA (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), gait and balance (Tinetti and Short Physical Performance Battery), functional mobility (timed up and go), and the muscular isometric strength of the lower limb muscles. Results and conclusion In the intervention group, PA increased from 2,921 steps/day at baseline to 3,358 steps/day after the intervention (+14.9%, P=0.04) and 4,083 steps/day (+39.8%, P=0.03) after 3 months. Energy expenditure/day also increased after the intervention (+110 kcal/day, +6.3%, P=0.01) and after 3 months (+219 kcal/day, +12.3%, P=0.02). Quality of life (P<0.05), balance and gait (P<0.05), and strength of the ankle (P<0.05) were also improved after 3 months. Such improvements were not observed in the control group. The preliminary results are promising but further investigation is required to confirm and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of PA interventions in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mouton
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Unit on Health and Society, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Unit on Health and Society, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Flore Mouton
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Unit on Health and Society, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dave Van Kann
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht.,School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Unit on Health and Society, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège Teaching Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Cloes
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Unit on Health and Society, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fanny Buckinx
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège Teaching Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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306
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Buscemi S, Giordano C. Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia? Eur J Intern Med 2017; 40:8-15. [PMID: 28215975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Favoring correct lifestyles is the most important measure to contrast cardiovascular diseases and the epidemic of high cardiovascular risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Lifestyle is a broad expression that includes diet, physical exercise, and psychological and socio-economic factors, each of which must be taken into due consideration because of their intertwining influences, which may be a barrier to healthy changes at both the individual and population levels. While physical activity has probably received less attention in the last decades, it is likely the most important among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Improving the habitual physical activity level is an achievable goal, and even small improvements may have important favorable effects on health. Strategies at the population level have to be urgently taken, and involve not only public health, but also administrators and politicians, starting from a rethinking of our cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo, Italy; UOC di Endocrinologia, Malattie del Ricambio e della Nutrizione - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carla Giordano
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo, Italy; UOC di Endocrinologia, Malattie del Ricambio e della Nutrizione - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
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307
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Nawrocka A, Mynarski A, Cholewa J, Garbaciak W. Leisure-time Physical Activity of Polish White-collar Workers: A Cross-sectional Study. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2017; 29:19-25. [PMID: 30186069 PMCID: PMC6092001 DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective/Background The aim of this study was to assess the leisure-time physical activity of
Polish white-collar workers in relation to various health
recommendations. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 482
white-collar workers from Poland. Researchers recorded the leisure-time
physical activity logs for 7 consecutive days of the week. Physical activity
level was interpreted in relation to the World Health Organization and the
American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. Results Among the workers, 42% of women and 53% of men declared moderate physical
activity for at least 150 minutes per week, but only 23% of women and 18%
men undertook activity in at least 5 days. Conclusion The results of the physical activity identified were significantly different
from the American College of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization
recommendations. The lower percentage of workers who met American College of
Sports Medicine recommendations was caused by insufficient frequency of
physical efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of Health-Related Physical Activity, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Mynarski
- Department of Health-Related Physical Activity, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Cholewa
- Department of Health-Related Physical Activity, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wiesław Garbaciak
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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308
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Abstract
Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses ways of increasing daily exercise, especially walking, as a way of tackling obesity and its effects on health.
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309
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Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e146-e603. [PMID: 28122885 PMCID: PMC5408160 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6083] [Impact Index Per Article: 869.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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310
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Lyons EJ, Swartz MC, Lewis ZH, Martinez E, Jennings K. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5:e28. [PMID: 28264796 PMCID: PMC5359416 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As adults age, their physical activity decreases and sedentary behavior increases, leading to increased risk of negative health outcomes. Wearable electronic activity monitors have shown promise for delivering effective behavior change techniques. However, little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of non-Fitbit wearables (Fitbit, Inc, San Francisco, California) combined with telephone counseling among adults aged more than 55 years. Objective The purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and effect on physical activity of an intervention combining a wearable physical activity monitor, tablet device, and telephone counseling among adults aged 55-79 years. Methods Adults (N=40, aged 55-79 years, body mass index=25-35, <60 min of activity per week) were randomized to receive a 12-week intervention or to a wait list control. Intervention participants received a Jawbone Up24 monitor, a tablet with the Jawbone Up app installed, and brief weekly telephone counseling. Participants set daily and weekly step goals and used the monitor’s idle alert to notify them when they were sedentary for more than 1 h. Interventionists provided brief counseling once per week by telephone. Feasibility was measured using observation and study records, and acceptability was measured by self-report using validated items. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActivPAL monitors following standard protocols. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, and fitness was measured using a 6-min walk test. Results Participants were 61.48 years old (SD 5.60), 85% (34/40) female, 65% (26/40) white. Average activity monitor wear time was 81.85 (SD 3.73) of 90 days. Of the 20 Up24 monitors, 5 were reported broken and 1 lost. No related adverse events were reported. Acceptability items were rated at least 4 on a scale of 1-5. Effect sizes for most outcomes were small, including stepping time per day (d=0.35), steps per day (d=0.26), sitting time per day (d=0.21), body fat (d=0.17), and weight (d=0.33). Conclusions The intervention was feasible and acceptable in this population. Effect sizes were similar to the sizes found using other wearable electronic activity monitors, indicating that when combined with telephone counseling, wearable activity monitors are a potentially effective tool for increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01869348; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869348 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6odlIolqy)
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lyons
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Sealy Center on Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Maria C Swartz
- Sealy Center on Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zakkoyya H Lewis
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,BeachBody, LLC, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Eloisa Martinez
- Sealy Center on Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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311
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Cancela JM, Ayán C, Sánchez-Lastra MA, Casal Á. Construct Validity of the Spanish Version of the CHAMPS Questionnaire for institutionalized patients over 65 years old. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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312
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Pillon Barcelos R, Freire Royes LF, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Oxidative stress and inflammation: liver responses and adaptations to acute and regular exercise. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:222-236. [PMID: 28166653 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1291942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is remarkably important during exercise outcomes due to its contribution to detoxification, synthesis, and release of biomolecules, and energy supply to the exercising muscles. Recently, liver has been also shown to play an important role in redox status and inflammatory modulation during exercise. However, while several studies have described the adaptations of skeletal muscles to acute and chronic exercise, hepatic changes are still scarcely investigated. Indeed, acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation onset, whereas regular training induces hepatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory improvements. Acute and regular exercise protocols in combination with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation have been also tested to verify hepatic adaptations to exercise. Although positive results have been reported in some acute models, several studies have shown an increased exercise-related stress upon liver. A similar trend has been observed during training: while synergistic effects of training and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementations have been occasionally found, others reported a blunting of relevant adaptations to exercise, following the patterns described in skeletal muscles. This review discusses current data regarding liver responses and adaptation to acute and regular exercise protocols alone or combined with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation. The understanding of the mechanisms behind these modulations is of interest for both exercise-related health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- a Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade de Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil.,c Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Gallego
- d Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- e Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud (IRyS), Escuela de Educación Física , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso , Valparaiso , Chile
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313
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Singh B, Yadollahi A, Lyons O, Alshaer H, Bradley TD. The effect of sitting and calf activity on leg fluid and snoring. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 240:1-7. [PMID: 28214605 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting may promote leg fluid retention that redistributes to the neck during sleep and contributes to snoring. This could be attenuated by calf activity while sitting. In 16 healthy non-obese subjects we measured leg fluid volume (LFV) below the knees using bioelectrical impedance while sitting for 4h, snoring using a portable BresoDx™ device, and Mallampati grade. Using a double cross-over study design, subjects were randomized to one of two arms and crossed-over one week later: control arm - no calf exercise while sitting; intervention arm - calf contraction against a pedal resistance while sitting. The effects of sitting±calf activity on LFV and snoring were compared. We found that LFV increased by 216±101.0ml (p<0.0001) after sitting. Calf activity while sitting attenuated LFV by 53.8ml (p<0.0001) and, in all five subjects with severe upper airway narrowing (Mallampati grade IV), reduced snoring duration (from 357±132.9 to 116.2±72.1s/h, p=0.02) suggesting reduced overnight rostral fluid shift to the neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhajan Singh
- Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada; Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Azadeh Yadollahi
- Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Owen Lyons
- Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.
| | - Hisham Alshaer
- Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.
| | - T Douglas Bradley
- Sleep Research Laboratory, University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada; Centre for Sleep Medicine and Circadian Biology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
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Colledge F, Vogel M, Dürsteler-Macfarland K, Strom J, Schoen S, Pühse U, Gerber M. A pilot randomized trial of exercise as adjunct therapy in a heroin-assisted treatment setting. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 76:49-57. [PMID: 28143679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the potential of exercise as an adjunct treatment for substance dependence is persuasive in theory, few controlled trials have assessed its effectiveness. Existing research has also largely focused on individuals aiming towards, or having already achieved, abstinence. This study employed a randomized design in a pilot trial to assess the feasibility, acceptance, and effects of an exercise intervention for individuals receiving outpatient heroin-assisted treatment. METHOD 50 individuals receiving heroin-assisted treatment at a clinic in Switzerland were invited to take part in the trial. Participants were randomized to 12weeks of exercise twice per week, or a corresponding duration of non-exercise group activities in a comparison condition. Data on attendance, compliance, and numerous psychological and physiological parameters were gathered. RESULTS 24 individuals were willing to take part in the study. 92.3% of the exercise condition (n=13) were compliant or semi-compliant with the protocol; by contrast, only 54.6% of participants in the comparison condition (n=11) were compliant or semi-compliant (χ2=7.049; p=0.029). Participants in the exercise condition significantly increased the number of minutes spent exercising at a high intensity level (F(2,44)=3.794; p=0.046; η2=0.159). No other significant interaction effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS An exercise intervention is a feasible and accepted supplementary therapy to heroin-assisted treatment. Participation rates were high, particularly given the outpatient setting. No evidence regarding the potential mechanisms of exercise as a therapy modality could be identified. Patients in heroin-assisted treatment may require a longer-term exercise programme, specifically targeting particular health parameters, before measurable improvements can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Vogel
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonas Strom
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Schoen
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320b, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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315
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Vancampfort D, Koyanagi A, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S, Schuch FB, Mugisha J, Richards J, Firth J, Stubbs B. Chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity and physical activity across 46 low- and middle-income countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:6. [PMID: 28100238 PMCID: PMC5241915 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no nationally representative population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, chronic conditions and multimorbidity (i.e., two or more chronic conditions) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and studies on a multi-national level are lacking. This is an important research gap, given the rapid increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases associated with lifestyle changes in these countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity and low physical activity (PA) among community-dwelling adults in 46 LMICs, and explore the mediators of these relationships. METHODS World Health Survey data included 228,024 adults aged ≥18 years from 46 LMICs. PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Nine chronic physical conditions (chronic back pain, angina, arthritis, asthma, diabetes, hearing problems, tuberculosis, visual impairment and edentulism) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were used to assess the association between chronic conditions or multimorbidity and low PA. RESULTS Overall, in the multivariable analysis, arthritis (OR = 1.12), asthma (1.19), diabetes (OR = 1.33), edentulism (OR = 1.46), hearing problems (OR = 1.90), tuberculosis (OR = 1.24), visual impairment (OR = 2.29), multimorbidity (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.21-1.42) were significantly associated with low PA. More significant associations were observed in individuals aged ≥50 years. In older adults, depression mediated between 5.1% (visual impairment) to 23.5% (angina) of the association between a chronic condition and low PA. Mobility difficulties explained more than 25% of the association for seven of the eight chronic conditions. Pain was a strong mediator for angina (65.9%) and arthritis (64.9%), while sleep problems mediated up to 43.7% (angina) of the association. CONCLUSIONS In LMICs, those with chronic conditions and multimorbidity are significantly less physically active (especially older adults). Research on the efficacy and effectiveness of PA in the management of chronic diseases in LMICs is urgently needed. Targeted promotion of physical activity to populations in LMICs experiencing chronic conditions may ameliorate associated depression, mobility difficulties and pain that are themselves important barriers for initiating or adopting an active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven, 3001 Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, Kortenberg, 3070 Belgium
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, 0883 Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Philip B. Ward
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- Exercise Physiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Felipe B. Schuch
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - James Mugisha
- Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
- Butabika National Referral and Mental Health Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justin Richards
- School of Public Health & Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Box SE5 8AF, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
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316
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Physical Inactivity and the Economic and Health Burdens Due to Cardiovascular Disease: Exercise as Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:3-18. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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317
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318
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Relationship between Social Isolation and Indoor and Outdoor Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Germany: Findings from the ActiFE Study. J Aging Phys Act 2016; 25:387-394. [PMID: 26421605 PMCID: PMC4857800 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility of using an aerobics class to produce potentially bone protective vertical impacts of ≥ 4g in older adults and to determine whether impacts can be predicted by physical function. Participants recruited from older adult exercise classes completed an SF-12 questionnaire, short physical performance battery, and an aerobics class with seven different components, performed at low and high intensity. Maximum g and jerk values were identified for each activity. Forty-one participants (mean 69 years) were included. Mean maximal values approached or exceeded the 4g threshold for four of the seven exercises. In multivariate analyses, age (–0.53; –0.77, –0.28) (standardized beta coefficient; 95% CI) and 4-m walk time (–0.39; –0.63, –0.16) were inversely related to maximum g. Aerobics classes can be used to produce relatively high vertical accelerations in older individuals, although the outcome is strongly dependent on age and physical function.
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320
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Paredes-Carbonell JJ, Peiró-Pérez R, Morgana A. Promoting good practice in health promotion in Spain: the potential role of a new agency. GACETA SANITARIA 2016; 30 Suppl 1:19-24. [PMID: 27837792 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Health promotion (HP) activities should be evaluated both in terms of process and results. However there remains a lack of information regarding the types of HP community interventions that are performed in our country, which of these are based on the best available evidence, and how the evidence available can be translated into HP recommendations for action? Spain does not have a dedicated body to answer such questions. If one existed, its role should be to identify the full range of interventions available to promote health, evaluate them and, in cases where there are positive results, facilitate their transfer and implementation. The aim of this article is to reflect on the need and usefulness of an institution with these functions. It also aims to identify the possible strengths and weaknesses of such an institution and what external experiences could be used in developing it. The discussion draws on the experience of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) highlighting possibilities for collaborative strategies. One might argue that the largely published English language evidence base needs simply to be translated to improve knowledge. However, good practice in HP is based and nurtured within the context where it is to be implemented. Therefore, a strategy to improve practice cannot rely solely on direct translations. Successful evidence-based HP must rely not only on robust scientific evidence but also on a process that ensures appropriate contextualization, that tests methodologies and develops guidance for action appropriate to the country, and that systematizes the process and evaluates the impact once the guidance have been put into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan J Paredes-Carbonell
- Direcció General de Salut Pública, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Spain; Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Biomédica Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Spain; Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosana Peiró-Pérez
- Direcció General de Salut Pública, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Spain; Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Biomédica Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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321
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Llamas-Velasco S, Villarejo-Galende A, Contador I, Lora Pablos D, Hernández-Gallego J, Bermejo-Pareja F. Physical activity and long-term mortality risk in older adults: A prospective population based study (NEDICES). Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:546-550. [PMID: 27785416 PMCID: PMC5079353 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze whether Physical activity (PA) reduces mortality risk at thirteen years' follow-up in a population-based cohort of Spanish older adults. The NEDICES (Neurological Disorders in Central Spain) is a prospective population-based survey of older adults (age ≥ 65 years) that comprised 5278 participants at baseline. A modified version of the Rosow-Breslau questionnaire was applied to categorize the PA (sedentary, light, moderate and high) and dates of death were collected from the Official Spanish Death Registry. Cox regression models adjusted for different covariates (age, sex, marital status, smoking, previous stroke, Parkinson disease, incident dementia, body mass index, comorbidity indexes and functional assessment) were used to evaluate the hazard of death at thirteen years' interval according to different levels of PA. 1710 deaths (52.9% men vs. 47.1% women) were identified among 3633 individuals at thirteen years' follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) of the light, moderate, and high PA groups (vs. sedentary group) were 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.56, 0.72], p < 0.001), 0.61 (95% CI [0.53, 0.70], p < 0.001) and 0.48 (95% CI [0.41, 0.55], p < 0.001), respectively. Significant dose effects were observed between light versus the sedentary group and intense versus the moderate group. PA prevents long-term mortality in older Spanish adults, with the highest intensity levels being those related to the lowest risk of mortality. These findings indicate that health policies for old age care should include PA as one of the main targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research, Research Institute of the "Hospital 12 de Octubre" (I + 12), Madrid, Spain; The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Neurodegenerative disease (CIBERNED), Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research, Research Institute of the "Hospital 12 de Octubre" (I + 12), Madrid, Spain; The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Neurodegenerative disease (CIBERNED), Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Contador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Lora Pablos
- Unit of Clinical Research, Research Institute of the "Hospital 12 de Octubre" (I + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Hernández-Gallego
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research, Research Institute of the "Hospital 12 de Octubre" (I + 12), Madrid, Spain; The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Neurodegenerative disease (CIBERNED), Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- Unit of Clinical Research, Research Institute of the "Hospital 12 de Octubre" (I + 12), Madrid, Spain; The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Extraordinaire Chair of Alzheimer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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322
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Orci LA, Gariani K, Oldani G, Delaune V, Morel P, Toso C. Exercise-based Interventions for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:1398-411. [PMID: 27155553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of exercise-based lifestyle interventions on liver-specific end points in populations with NAFLD and underlying metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. METHODS We searched PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central register through October 21, 2015 for randomized trials of exercise-based lifestyle interventions on end points such as intrahepatic lipid content and blood levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. Effect sizes are reported as standardized mean difference and weighted mean difference values. To investigate heterogeneity, we performed sensitivity and meta-regression analyses. Results were reported according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS We analyzed data from 28 trials. Physical activity, independently from diet change, was associated with a significant reduction in intrahepatic lipid content (standardized mean difference, -0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.90 to -0.48) and with reductions in alanine aminotransferase (weighted mean difference, -3.30 IU/L; 95% CI, 5.57 to -1.04) and aspartate aminotransferase (weighted mean difference, -4.85 IU/L; 95% CI, -8.68 to -1.02). By meta-regression, we found individuals with increasing body mass index to be increasingly more likely to benefit from the intervention (beta coefficient = -0.10; P = .037). We recorded no effect modification by variables related to the intensity of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS In a meta-analysis of randomized trials, we found strong evidence that physical activity reduces intrahepatic lipid content and markers of hepatocellular injury in patients with NAFLD. This effect correlated with baseline body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Orci
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Clinical Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Oldani
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaihere Delaune
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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323
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Guerrero AD, Flores M, Vangala S, Chung PJ. Differences in the Association of Physical Activity and Children's Overweight and Obesity Status Among the Major Racial and Ethnic Groups of U.S. Children. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 44:411-420. [PMID: 27634592 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116667719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of exercise with overweight and obesity among an ethnically diverse sample of U.S. children. METHOD Data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health were analyzed to examine the relationship of daily exercise with children's weight status. Propensity score covariate adjustment and multivariate logistic regression with survey weights were used to control for child, home, and community characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 22% of all children ages 10 to 17 years engaged in daily exercise for at least 20 minutes. In the adjusted model for the entire sample, daily exercise was associated with children having a lower likelihood of being overweight or obese (odds ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.68-0.91). In a stratified analysis of the major racial and ethnic groups, however, while White children who exercised daily were found to have a lower odds of being overweight or obese (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval = 0.60-0.82), this relationship was not found for most minority children. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic minority children were not found to have the same weight status relationship with exercising daily. These findings suggest that some population-average exercise recommendations may not be as applicable to minority children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma D Guerrero
- 1 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martiniano Flores
- 1 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- 1 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- 1 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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324
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Musich S, Wang SS, Hawkins K, Greame C. The Frequency and Health Benefits of Physical Activity for Older Adults. Popul Health Manag 2016; 20:199-207. [PMID: 27623484 PMCID: PMC5488312 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2016.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity (PA) for older adults have been demonstrated in reduced prevalence of common chronic conditions, improved mental health, decreased cognitive decline, and reduced mortality rates. Less is understood concerning the health impacts of light-to-moderate intensity PA. The purpose of this study was to estimate light-to-moderate PA frequency levels-low (0-2 days/week), intermediate (3-4 days/week) and high (≥5 days/week)-among AARP Medicare Supplement insureds, identify characteristics, and estimate the association of PA levels with the prevalence of selected chronic conditions, health care utilization, and expenditures. In 2015, surveys were sent to a random sample of insureds. PA was determined from survey responses querying self-reported days per week of at least 30 minutes of light-to-moderate PA. Multivariate regression models, adjusting for confounding covariates and survey nonresponse bias, were utilized to determine the characteristics and association of intermediate and high PA levels with health outcomes. In a second analysis, results were stratified by age groups: 65-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years. Among survey respondents (n = 17,676), 23.3%, 33.9%, and 42.9% engaged in low, intermediate, and high PA, respectively. The strongest predictors of intermediate and high PA included being male, younger, self-reporting better health, using fewer prescription drugs, and being less likely to be diagnosed with common chronic conditions or depression. Those engaged in intermediate and high PA, overall and across age groups, had significantly lower health care utilization and expenditures and lower prevalence of most chronic conditions. Efforts to increase intermediate and high levels of PA among older adults should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chris Greame
- 2 AARP Services, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia
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325
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Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1074-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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326
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Prins RG, Kamphuis CBM, de Graaf JM, Oenema A, van Lenthe FJ. Physical and social environmental changes to promote walking among Dutch older adults in deprived neighbourhoods: the NEW.ROADS study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:907. [PMID: 27576484 PMCID: PMC5006535 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is important for healthy ageing, and daily walking is seen as a feasible way to be active at older ages. Yet, many older persons, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups and residing in deprived neighbourhoods, are insufficiently active. Creating a physical and social neighbourhood environment that is more supportive for walking has the potential to improve walking behaviour. Current evidence of the impact of changes to the physical and/or social environmental on walking behaviour is scarce. The aim of the NEW.ROADS study is to design, implement and evaluate changes to the physical and social environment for the purpose of increasing walking behaviour among older residents of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS Physical and social environmental interventions were developed by matching scientific evidence on environmental determinants of walking, with input from the target population and stakeholders, and ongoing neighbourhood activities. Specifically, a neighbourhood walking route was designed and marked, and neighbourhood walking groups were organised. These environmental interventions were evaluated in a four-armed experimental study. In addition, the design of the study to evaluate the effect of these environmental changes on walking behaviour is described. DISCUSSION Designing and implementing environmental interventions is a complex endeavour, challenged by limited available theory and evidence. Input from the target population and professional stakeholders is essential, but may also put constraints on the evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NTR3800 (registered 9/1/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Prins
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C B M Kamphuis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J M de Graaf
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Oenema
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Lenthe
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Burton E, Lewin G, Pettigrew S, Hill AM, Bainbridge L, Farrier K, Langdon T, Airey P, Hill KD. Identifying motivators and barriers to older community-dwelling people participating in resistance training: A cross-sectional study. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1523-1532. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1223334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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328
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Vainshelboim B, Kramer MR, Izhakian S, Lima RM, Oliveira J. Physical Activity and Exertional Desaturation Are Associated with Mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5080073. [PMID: 27548238 PMCID: PMC4999793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5080073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease that manifests in hypoxemia, inactivity, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of physical activity (PA) and exertional desaturation (ED) with mortality in IPF. At baseline, 34 IPF patients (68 (50–81) years) were interviewed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and SpO2 was assessed pre to post 6-min walking test (∆SpO2). Patients were prospectively followed up for 40 months. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis determined cut-off points associated with mortality, and Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) were conducted. Thresholds for increased mortality risk in IPF patients were determined as IPAQ ≤ 417 metabolic equivalent task (METS)-min/week, p = 0.004 (HR; 9.7, CI 95% (1.3–71.9), p = 0.027), and ∆SpO2 ≥ 10%, p = 0.002, (HR; 23.3, CI 95% (1.5–365), p = 0.025). This study demonstrated a significant association of PA and ED with mortality in IPF patients. The findings emphasize the clinical importance of PA and ED assessments to aid in IPF risk stratification, prognosis prediction, and in providing early appropriate treatments, such as pulmonary rehabilitation, PA consultation, oxygen supplementation, and lung transplantation referral. These results underscore that even low levels of PA corresponding to 100–105 min/week were associated with a reduced mortality risk and better survival in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Vainshelboim
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel.
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto 4200-450, Portugal.
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Mordechai Reuven Kramer
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Shimon Izhakian
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel.
| | - Ricardo M Lima
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Jose Oliveira
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto 4200-450, Portugal.
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329
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Physical Activity Prescription: A Critical Opportunity to Address a Modifiable Risk Factor for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease: A Position Statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine. Clin J Sport Med 2016; 26:259-65. [PMID: 27359294 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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330
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Fernandez-Alonso L, Muñoz-García D, La Touche R. The level of physical activity affects the health of older adults despite being active. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:194-201. [PMID: 27419115 PMCID: PMC4934964 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632566.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care in the ageing population is becoming a crucial issue, due to the quality of life. Physical activity, is of primary importance for older adults. This report compared the physical activity in two active older adults population with functionality, quality of life, and depression symptoms. A cross-sectional study was developed with 64 older adults. Physical activity was assessed through the Yale Physical Activity Survey for classification into a less activity (LA) group and a more activity (MA) group. Afterwards, the other health variables were measured through specific questionnaires: the quality of life with the EuroQol (EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire, EQ-5D), functionality with the Berg balance scale (BBS) and depression symptoms with the geriatric depression scale (GDS). There is a statistical significant difference between groups for the BBS (t=2.21; P=0.03, d=0.27). The Pearson correlation analysis shows in LA group a moderate correlation between the BBS and age (r=−0.539; P<0.01) and EQ-5D (r=0.480; P<0.01). Moreover, both groups had a moderate negative correlation between GDS and the the EQ-5D time trade-off (r=−0.543; P=0.02). Active older adults with different amounts of physical activity differ in the BBS. This functional score was higher in the MA group. When observing to quality of life, only the LA group was negatively associated with age while in both groups were associated with depression index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fernandez-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Aravaca, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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331
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Thornton JS, Frémont P, Khan K, Poirier P, Fowles J, Wells GD, Frankovich RJ. Physical activity prescription: a critical opportunity to address a modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of chronic disease: a position statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:1109-14. [PMID: 27335208 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable disease is a leading threat to global health. Physical inactivity is a large contributor to this problem; in fact, the WHO ranks it as the fourth leading risk factor for overall morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Canada, at least 4 of 5 adults do not meet the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Physicians play an important role in the dissemination of physical activity (PA) recommendations to a broad segment of the population, as over 80% of Canadians visit their doctors every year and prefer to get health information directly from them. Unfortunately, most physicians do not regularly assess or prescribe PA as part of routine care, and even when discussed, few provide specific recommendations. PA prescription has the potential to be an important therapeutic agent for all ages in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic disease. Sport and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians are particularly well suited for this role and should collaborate with their primary care colleagues for optimal patient care. The purpose of this Canadian Academy and Sport and Exercise Medicine position statement is to provide an evidence-based, best practices summary to better equip SEM and primary care physicians to prescribe PA and exercise, specifically for the prevention and management of non-communicable disease. This will be achieved by addressing common questions and perceived barriers in the field.Author note This position statement has been endorsed by the following nine sport medicine societies: Australasian College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP), American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), British Association of Sports and Exercise Medicine (BASEM), European College of Sport & Exercise Physicians (ECOSEP), Norsk forening for idrettsmedisin og fysisk aktivite (NIMF), South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin/Swiss Society of Sports Medicine (SGSM/SSSM), Sport Doctors Australia (SDrA), Swedish Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine (SFAIM), and CASEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Frémont
- Dip Sport Med (CASEM), Laval University, Ville de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karim Khan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Greg D Wells
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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332
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Silveira SL, LaVoy EC, Johnston CA. Assisting the Novice in Lifestyle Change. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10:178-180. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827616629913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginning of a lifestyle intervention is a sensitive time, as doing “too much too quickly” may stress the immune system, resulting in an increase in upper respiratory symptoms and, consequently, attrition. However, “too little too slowly” may not align with patients’ motivation to change and may also result in attrition. There is also evidence that early weight loss is predictive of long-term maintenance of goal weight. Health care providers are frequently presented with contradictory information on the best model to promote enduring lifestyle change. Best practice dictates that health care provider acknowledge their patients’ motivation to change and incorporate each individual’s goals in designing the lifestyle change intervention. Additional support and advice may be warranted at the beginning of an intervention to promote the patient’s health and avoid attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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333
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Stenholm S, Pulakka A, Kawachi I, Oksanen T, Halonen JI, Aalto V, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Changes in physical activity during transition to retirement: a cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:51. [PMID: 27084334 PMCID: PMC4833915 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement is a major life transition which may affect lifestyle. The aim of this study is to examine within-individual changes in physical activity during the transition from full-time work to retirement. METHODS The study population consisted of 9,488 Finnish public-sector employees who retired in 2000-2011 and who reported their leisure-time and commuting physical activity before and after retirement. On average, participants provided data at 3.6 (of the four) repeat examinations during 10 years before and 10 years after the retirement. Physical activity was self-reported and was expressed as weekly metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine physical activity trajectories around retirement. RESULTS Among participants entering to statutory retirement physical activity first increased by 1.81 MET-hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20 to 2.42) during 4-year retirement transition, but then decreased by -1.80 MET hours (95% CI -2.83 to -0.79) during the subsequent post-retirement period. Older retirement age, higher occupational status and fewer chronic diseases were associated with greater increase in physical activity during transition to statutory retirement. CONCLUSIONS Statutory retirement appears to be associated with a temporary increase in physical activity. Future research should examine ways to maintain the increased activity level after retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,School of Health Science, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Pulakka
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK.,Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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334
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Bauman A, Merom D, Bull FC, Buchner DM, Fiatarone Singh MA. Updating the Evidence for Physical Activity: Summative Reviews of the Epidemiological Evidence, Prevalence, and Interventions to Promote “Active Aging”. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2016; 56 Suppl 2:S268-80. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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335
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Warburton DER, Bredin SSD. Reflections on Physical Activity and Health: What Should We Recommend? Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:495-504. [PMID: 26995692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of regular physical activity are irrefutable; virtually everyone can benefit from being active. The evidence is overwhelming with risk reductions of at least 20%-30% for more than 25 chronic medical conditions and premature mortality. Even higher risk reductions (ie, ≥ 50%) are observed when objective measures of physical fitness are taken. International physical activity guidelines generally recommend 150 minutes per week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. A critical review of the literature indicates that half of this volume of physical activity might lead to marked health benefits. There is compelling evidence to support health promotion strategies that emphasize that health benefits can be accrued at a lower volume and/or intensity of physical activity. Public health policies are needed that reduce the barriers to physical activity participation such that everyone can reap the benefits of physical activity. It is also important to highlight that sedentary time (particularly sitting time) carries independent health risks. The simple message of "move more and sit less" likely is more understandable by contemporary society and is formed on the basis of a strong body of evidence. For practitioners who work directly with clients, it is recommended that an individualized prescription (dosage) that takes into consideration the unique characteristics and needs of the client is provided. Physical activity or exercise promotion should not be done in isolation; it should be part of an integrated approach to enhance healthy lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren E R Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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336
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Muellmann S, Forberger S, Möllers T, Zeeb H, Pischke CR. Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the promotion of physical activity in older adults: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2016; 5:47. [PMID: 26984189 PMCID: PMC4793489 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that regular physical activity (PA) is associated with improvements in physical, psychological, cognitive, and functional health outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends 150 min of moderate exercise per week for older adults to achieve these health benefits. However, only 20-60 % of adults aged 60 years and above currently meet these recommendations for exercise. The widespread use of the internet and mobile phones among older adults may open new opportunities to promote PA in this population. Findings of previous reviews suggest that eHealth interventions are effective in promoting PA in adults of various ages. However, to date, none of these reviews have provided a differentiated picture of engagement in such interventions and effects on PA among older adults. Also, we are unaware of any studies comparing effects of participation in eHealth vs. traditional paper-and-pencil interventions on PA in this population. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth interventions promoting PA in older adults aged 55 years and above with either a non-eHealth PA intervention or a group that is not exposed to any intervention. METHODS Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PEI, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and OpenGrey) will be searched to identify experimental and quasi-experimental studies examining the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for PA promotion in adults aged 55 years and above. Two authors will independently select and review references, extract data, and assess the quality of the included studies by using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Disagreements between authors will be resolved by discussion involving a third author. If feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Narrative synthesis using harvest plots will be performed, should a meta-analysis not be feasible. DISCUSSION The proposed systematic review will be the first review that compares the effectiveness of eHealth interventions promoting PA in older adults aged 55 years and above with control groups exposed to a non-eHealth intervention or to no intervention. The results of this review will provide new information regarding the question whether eHealth interventions are an effective intervention vehicle for PA promotion in this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015023875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Muellmann
- />Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28215 Germany
| | - Sarah Forberger
- />Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28215 Germany
| | - Tobias Möllers
- />Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28215 Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- />Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28215 Germany
- />Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- />Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28215 Germany
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337
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A Novel Method for Quantifying the Inhaled Dose of Air Pollutants Based on Heart Rate, Breathing Rate and Forced Vital Capacity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147578. [PMID: 26809066 PMCID: PMC4726691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the interaction of physical activity and air pollution exposure, it is important to quantify the change in ventilation rate incurred by activity. In this paper, we describe a method for estimating ventilation using easily-measured variables such as heart rate (HR), breathing rate (fB), and forced vital capacity (FVC). We recruited healthy adolescents to use a treadmill while we continuously measured HR, fB, and the tidal volume (VT) of each breath. Participants began at rest then walked and ran at increasing speed until HR was 160-180 beats per minute followed by a cool down period. The novel feature of this method is that minute ventilation ([Formula: see text]) was normalized by FVC. We used general linear mixed models with a random effect for subject and identified nine potential predictor variables that influence either [Formula: see text] or FVC. We assessed predictive performance with a five-fold cross-validation procedure. We used a brute force selection process to identify the best performing models based on cross-validation percent error, the Akaike Information Criterion and the p-value of parameter estimates. We found a two-predictor model including HR and fB to have the best predictive performance ([Formula: see text]/FVC = -4.247+0.0595HR+0.226fB, mean percent error = 8.1±29%); however, given the ubiquity of HR measurements, a one-predictor model including HR may also be useful ([Formula: see text]/FVC = -3.859+0.101HR, mean percent error = 11.3±36%).
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338
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Pasalic E, Hayat MJ, Greenwald R. Air pollution, physical activity, and markers of acute airway oxidative stress and inflammation in adolescents. JOURNAL OF THE GEORGIA PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION 2016; 6:314-330. [PMID: 30662974 PMCID: PMC6338427 DOI: 10.21633/jgpha.6.2s19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The airway inflammatory response is likely the mechanism for adverse health effects related to exposure to air pollution. Increased ventilation rates during physical activity in the presence of air pollution increases the inhaled dose of pollutants. However, physical activity may moderate the relationship between air pollution and the inflammatory response. The present study aimed to characterize, among healthy adolescents, the relationship between dose of inhaled air pollution, physical activity, and markers of lung function, oxidative stress, and airway inflammation. METHODS With a non-probability sample of adolescents, this observational study estimated the association between air pollution dose and outcome measures by use of general linear mixed models with an unstructured covariance structure and a random intercept for subjects to account for repeated measures within subjects. RESULTS A one interquartile range (IQR) (i.e., 345.64 μg) increase in ozone (O3) inhaled dose was associated with a 29.16% average decrease in the percentage of total oxidized compounds (%Oxidized). A one IQR (i.e., 2.368E+10 particle) increase in total particle number count in the inhaled dose (PNT) was associated with an average decrease in forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) of 0.168 L/second. Increasing activity levels attenuated the relationship between PNT inhaled dose and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO). The relationship between O3 inhaled dose and percent oxidized exhaled breath condensate cystine (%CYSS) was attenuated by activity level, with increasing activity levels corresponding to smaller changes from baseline for a constant O3 inhaled dose. CONCLUSIONS The moderating effects of activity level suggest that peaks of high concentration doses of air pollution may overwhelm the endogenous redox balance of cells, resulting in increased airway inflammation. Further research that examines the relationships between dose peaks over time and inflammation could help to determine whether a high concentration dose over a short period of time has a different effect than a lower concentration dose over a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pasalic
- Master of Public Health Program, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew J. Hayat
- Graduate Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Graduate Division of Environmental Health, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
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