301
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Wijayabahu AT, Waugh SG, Ukhanova M, Mai V. Dietary raisin intake has limited effect on gut microbiota composition in adult volunteers. Nutr J 2019; 18:14. [PMID: 30845997 PMCID: PMC6404294 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dried fruits, such as raisins, contain phytochemicals and dietary fibers that contribute to maintaining health, potentially at least partially through modification in gut microbiota composition and activities. However, the effects of raisin consumption on gut microbiota have not previously been thoroughly investigated in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how adding three servings of sun dried raisin/day to the diet of healthy volunteers affects gut microbiota composition. Methods A 14-day exploratory feeding study was conducted with thirteen healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 years. Participants consumed three servings (28.3 g each) of sun dried raisins daily. Fecal samples were collected prior to raisin consumption (baseline) and after the addition of raisins to the diet (on days 7 and 14). To determine the effects of raisin intake, fecal microbiota composition before and after raisin consumption was characterized for each participant by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Overall microbiota diversity was not significantly affected by adding raisins to the diet. However, upon addition of raisins to the diet specific OTUs matching Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroidetes sp. and Ruminococcus sp. increased in prevalence while OTUs closest to Klebsiella sp., Prevotella sp. and Bifidobacterium spp. decreased. Conclusion Our findings suggest that adding raisins to the diet can affect the prevalence of specific bacterial taxa. Potential health benefits of the observed microbiota changes should be determined in future studies in populations for which specific health outcomes can be targeted. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02713165. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-019-0439-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi T Wijayabahu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.,Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sheldon G Waugh
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.,Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Maria Ukhanova
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.,Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. .,Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. .,Present address: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, Room 373, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0009, USA.
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302
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Lu M, Xuan S, Wang Z. Oral microbiota: A new view of body health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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303
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Iacobini C, Pugliese G, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Federici M, Menini S. Metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy obesity. Metabolism 2019; 92:51-60. [PMID: 30458177 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related disease complications reduce life quality and expectancy and increase health-care costs. Some studies have suggested that obesity not always entails metabolic abnormalities and increased risk of cardiometabolic complications. Because of the lack of universally accepted criteria to identify metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), its prevalence varies widely among studies. Moreover, the prognostic value of MHO is hotly debated, mainly because it likely shifts gradually towards metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). In this review, we outline the differential factors contributing to the metabolic heterogeneity of obesity by discussing the behavioral, genetic, phenotypical, and biological aspects associated with each of the two metabolic phenotypes (MHO and MUO) of obesity and their clinical implications. Particular emphasis will be laid on the role of adipose tissue biology and function, including genetic determinants of body fat distribution, depot-specific fat metabolism, adipose tissue plasticity and, particularly, adipogenesis. Finally, the emerging role of gut microbiota in obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction as well as the search for novel biomarkers for the obesity-related metabolic traits and associated diseases will be briefly presented. A better understanding of the main determinants of a healthy metabolic status in obesity would allow promotion of this favorable condition by targeting the relevant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
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304
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Huang TT, Lai JB, Du YL, Xu Y, Ruan LM, Hu SH. Current Understanding of Gut Microbiota in Mood Disorders: An Update of Human Studies. Front Genet 2019; 10:98. [PMID: 30838027 PMCID: PMC6389720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system. Mounting evidence suggests that gut microbiota can influence the brain function via neuroimmune and neuroendocrine pathways as well as the nervous system. Advances in gene sequencing techniques further facilitate investigating the underlying relationship between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, researchers have preliminarily explored the gut microbiota in patients with mood disorders. The current review aims to summarize the published human studies of gut microbiota in mood disorders. The findings showed that microbial diversity and taxonomic compositions were significantly changed compared with healthy individuals. Most of these findings revealed that short-chain fatty acids-producing bacterial genera were decreased, while pro-inflammatory genera and those involved in lipid metabolism were increased in patients with depressive episodes. Interestingly, the abundance of Actinobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae was increased and Faecalibacterium was decreased consistently in patients with either bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. Some studies further indicated that specific bacteria were associated with clinical characteristics, inflammatory profiles, metabolic markers, and pharmacological treatment. These studies present preliminary evidence of the important role of gut microbiota in mood disorders, through the brain-gut-microbiota axis, which emerges as a promising target for disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Li Du
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lie-Min Ruan
- Department of Mental Health, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shao-Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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305
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Friberg IM, Taylor JD, Jackson JA. Diet in the Driving Seat: Natural Diet-Immunity-Microbiome Interactions in Wild Fish. Front Immunol 2019; 10:243. [PMID: 30837993 PMCID: PMC6389695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural interactions between the diet, microbiome, and immunity are largely unstudied. Here we employ wild three-spined sticklebacks as a model, combining field observations with complementary experimental manipulations of diet designed to mimic seasonal variation in the wild. We clearly demonstrate that season-specific diets are a powerful causal driver of major systemic immunophenotypic variation. This effect occurred largely independently of the bulk composition of the bacterial microbiome (which was also driven by season and diet) and of host condition, demonstrating neither of these, per se, constrain immune allocation in healthy individuals. Nonetheless, through observations in multiple anatomical compartments, differentially exposed to the direct effects of food and immunity, we found evidence of immune-driven control of bacterial community composition in mucus layers. This points to the interactive nature of the host-microbiome relationship, and is the first time, to our knowledge, that this causal chain (diet → immunity → microbiome) has been demonstrated in wild vertebrates. Microbiome effects on immunity were not excluded and, importantly, we identified outgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (especially mycolic-acid producing corynebacteria) as a consequence of the more animal-protein-rich summertime diet. This may provide part of the ultimate explanation (and possibly a proximal cue) for the dramatic immune re-adjustments that we saw in response to diet change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida M Friberg
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Joe D Taylor
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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306
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Wang Q, Xu R. Data-driven multiple-level analysis of gut-microbiome-immune-joint interactions in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:124. [PMID: 30744546 PMCID: PMC6371598 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease and affects about 1% of the population. The cause of RA remains largely unknown and could result from a complex interaction between genes and environment factors. Recent studies suggested that gut microbiota and their collective metabolic outputs exert profound effects on the host immune system and are implicated in RA. However, which and how gut microbial metabolites interact with host genetics in contributing to RA pathogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we present a data-driven study to understand how gut microbial metabolites contribute to RA at the genetic, functional and phenotypic levels. Results We used publicly available disease genetics, chemical genetics, human metabolome, genetic signaling pathways, mouse genome-wide mutation phenotypes, and mouse phenotype ontology data. We identified RA-associated microbial metabolites and prioritized them based on their genetic, functional and phenotypic relevance to RA. We evaluated the prioritization methods using short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which were previously shown to be involved in RA etiology. We validate the algorithms by showing that SCFAs are highly associated with RA at genetic, functional and phenotypic levels: SCFAs ranked at top 3.52% based on shared genes with RA, top 5.69% based on shared genetic pathways, and top 16.94% based on shared phenotypes. Based on the genetic-level analysis, human gut microbial metabolites directly interact with many RA-associated genes (as many as 18.1% of all 166 RA genes). Based on the functional-level analysis, human gut microbial metabolites participate in many RA-associated genetic pathways (as many as 71.4% of 311 genetic pathways significantly enriched for RA), including immune system pathways. Based on the phenotypic-level analysis, gut microbial metabolites affect many RA-related phenotypes (as many as 51.3% of 978 phenotypes significantly enriched for RA), including many immune system phenotypes. Conclusions Our study demonstrates strong gut-microbiome-immune-joint interactions in RA, which converged on both genetic, functional and phenotypic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- QuanQiu Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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307
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Bargon R, Bruenke J, Carli A, Fabritius M, Goel R, Goswami K, Graf P, Groff H, Grupp T, Malchau H, Mohaddes M, Novaes de Santana C, Phillips KS, Rohde H, Rolfson O, Rondon A, Schaer T, Sculco P, Svensson K. General Assembly, Research Caveats: Proceedings of International Consensus on Orthopedic Infections. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:S245-S253.e1. [PMID: 30348560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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308
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Avelar Rodriguez D, Peña Vélez R, Toro Monjaraz EM, Ramirez Mayans J, Ryan PM. The Gut Microbiota: A Clinically Impactful Factor in Patient Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-018-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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309
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Łoniewski I, Lara LF, Koulaouzidis A, Misera A, Maciejewska D, Marlicz W. A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Evaluating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections and Surgery-Related Complications. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E556. [PMID: 30558358 PMCID: PMC6307089 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other surgery-related complications (SRCs). Probiotics and synbiotics were found to lower the risk of surgical infections and other surgery-related adverse events. We systematically reviewed the approach based on the administration of probiotics and synbiotics to diminish SSIs/SRCs rates in patients undergoing various surgical treatments and to determine the mechanisms responsible for their effectiveness. A systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the inception of databases to June 2018 for trials in patients undergoing surgery supplemented with pre/pro/synbiotics and randomized to the intervention versus placebo/no treatment and reporting on primarily: (i) putative mechanisms of probiotic/symbiotic action, and secondarily (ii) SSIs and SRCs outcomes. Random-effect model meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of outcomes was done. Thirty-five trials comprising 3028 adult patients were included; interventions were probiotics (n = 16) and synbiotics (n = 19 trials). We found that C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased (SMD: -0.40, 95% CI [-0.79, -0.02], p = 0.041; SMD: -0.41, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.02], p = 0.006, respectively) while concentration of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids were elevated in patients supplemented with probiotics (SMD: 1.78, 95% CI [0.80, 2.76], p = 0.0004; SMD: 0.67, 95% CI [0.37, -0.97], p = 0.00001; SMD: 0.46, 95% CI [0.18, 0.73], p = 0.001, respectively). Meta-analysis confirmed that pro- and synbiotics supplementation was associated with significant reduction in the incidence of SRCs including abdominal distention, diarrhea, pneumonia, sepsis, surgery site infection (including superficial incisional), and urinary tract infection, as well as the duration of antibiotic therapy, duration of postoperative pyrexia, time of fluid introduction, solid diet, and duration of hospital stay (p < 0.05). Probiotics and synbiotics administration counteract SSIs/SRCs via modulating gut-immune response and production of short chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland.
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Luis F Lara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Anastasios Koulaouzidis
- Centre for Liver & Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
| | - Agata Misera
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland.
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310
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Guerreiro CS, Calado Â, Sousa J, Fonseca JE. Diet, Microbiota, and Gut Permeability-The Unknown Triad in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:349. [PMID: 30619860 PMCID: PMC6302746 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that a chronic inflammatory response induced by gut dysbiosis can critically contribute to the development of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of interest, an adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been linked to a reduction in mortality and morbidity in patients with inflammatory diseases. Diet and intestinal microbiota are modifying factors that may influence intestinal barrier strength, functional integrity, and permeability regulation. Intestinal microbiota may play a crucial role in RA pathogenesis, but up to now no solid data has clarified a mechanistic relationship between gut microbiota and the development of RA. Nonetheless, microbiota composition in subjects with RA differs from that of controls and this altered microbiome can be partially restored after prescribing disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. High levels of Prevotella copri and similar species are correlated with low levels of microbiota previously associated with immune regulating properties. In addition, some nutrients can alter intestinal permeability and thereby influence the immune response without a known impact on the microbiota. However, critical questions remain to be elucidated, such as the way microbiome fluctuates in relation to diet, and how disease activity may be influenced by changes in diet, microbiota or diet-intestinal microbiota equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Sousa Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Sousa
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Serviço de Reumatologia e Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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311
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Smith MR, Yevoo P, Sadahiro M, Austin C, Amarasiriwardena C, Awawda M, Arora M, Dudley JT, Morishita H. Integrative bioinformatics identifies postnatal lead (Pb) exposure disrupts developmental cortical plasticity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16388. [PMID: 30401819 PMCID: PMC6219596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that thousands of chemicals released into the environment have the potential capacity to harm neurodevelopment, there is an urgent need to systematically evaluate their toxicity. Neurodevelopment is marked by critical periods of plasticity wherein neural circuits are refined by the environment to optimize behavior and function. If chemicals perturb these critical periods, neurodevelopment can be permanently altered. Focusing on 214 human neurotoxicants, we applied an integrative bioinformatics approach using publically available data to identify dozens of neurotoxicant signatures that disrupt a transcriptional signature of a critical period for brain plasticity. This identified lead (Pb) as a critical period neurotoxicant and we confirmed in vivo that Pb partially suppresses critical period plasticity at a time point analogous to exposure associated with autism. This work demonstrates the utility of a novel informatics approach to systematically identify neurotoxicants that disrupt childhood neurodevelopment and can be extended to assess other environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo R Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Departmnt of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Priscilla Yevoo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Departmnt of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Masato Sadahiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Departmnt of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mahmoud Awawda
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Dentistry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Departmnt of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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312
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Zhu S, Jiang X, Boudreau MD, Feng G, Miao Y, Dong S, Wu H, Zeng M, Yin JJ. Orally administered gold nanoparticles protect against colitis by attenuating Toll-like receptor 4- and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-mediated inflammatory responses but could induce gut dysbiosis in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:86. [PMID: 30384844 PMCID: PMC6211593 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are attracting interest as potential therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory diseases, but their anti-inflammatory mechanism of action is not clear yet. In addition, the effect of orally administered AuNPs on gut microbiota has been overlooked so far. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic and gut microbiota-modulating effects, as well as the anti-inflammatory paradigm, of AuNPs with three different coatings and five difference sizes in experimental mouse colitis and RAW264.7 macrophages. Results Citrate- and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized 5-nm AuNPs (Au-5 nm/Citrate and Au-5 nm/PVP) and tannic acid (TA)-stabilized 5-, 10-, 15-, 30- and 60-nm AuNPs were intragastrically administered to C57BL/6 mice daily for 8 days during and after 5-day dextran sodium sulfate exposure. Clinical signs and colon histopathology revealed more marked anti-colitis effects by oral administration of Au-5 nm/Citrate and Au-5 nm/PVP, when compared to TA-stabilized AuNPs. Based on colonic myeloperoxidase activity, colonic and peripheral levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and peripheral counts of leukocyte and lymphocyte, Au-5 nm/Citrate and Au-5 nm/PVP attenuated colonic and systemic inflammation more effectively than TA-stabilized AuNPs. High-throughput sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA indicated that AuNPs could induce gut dysbiosis in mice by decreasing the α-diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, certain short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and Lactobacillus. Based on in vitro studies using RAW264.7 cells and electron spin resonance oximetry, AuNPs inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and NO production via reduction of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa beta activation and proinflammatory cytokine production via both TLR4 reduction and catalytic detoxification of peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions AuNPs have promising potential as anti-inflammatory agents; however, their therapeutic applications via the oral route may have a negative impact on the gut microbiota.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0415-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Jiang
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Mary D Boudreau
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, 72079, AR, USA
| | - Guangxin Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
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313
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Insights Into the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-018-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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314
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Doonan J, Thomas D, Wong MH, Ramage HJ, Al-Riyami L, Lumb FE, Bell KS, Fairlie-Clarke KJ, Suckling CJ, Michelsen KS, Jiang HR, Cooke A, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:E2669. [PMID: 30336585 PMCID: PMC6222842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths and their isolated secreted products show promise as novel treatments for allergic and autoimmune conditions in humans. Foremost amongst the secreted products is ES-62, a glycoprotein derived from Acanthocheilonema viteae, a filarial nematode parasite of gerbils, which is anti-inflammatory by virtue of covalently-attached phosphorylcholine (PC) moieties. ES-62 has been found to protect against disease in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and airway hyper-responsiveness. Furthermore, novel PC-based synthetic small molecule analogues (SMAs) of ES-62 have recently been demonstrated to show similar anti-inflammatory properties to the parent molecule. In spite of these successes, we now show that ES-62 and its SMAs are unable to provide protection in mouse models of certain autoimmune conditions where other helminth species or their secreted products can prevent disease development, namely type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. We speculate on the reasons underlying ES-62's failures in these conditions and how the negative data generated may help us to further understand ES-62's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - David Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Michelle H Wong
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Hazel J Ramage
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Lamyaa Al-Riyami
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Felicity E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Kara S Bell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Karen J Fairlie-Clarke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Kathrin S Michelsen
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Hui-Rong Jiang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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315
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Pelgrim CE, Peterson JD, Gosker HR, Schols AMWJ, van Helvoort A, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD. Psychological co-morbidities in COPD: Targeting systemic inflammation, a benefit for both? Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:99-110. [PMID: 30336140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COPD is a chronic lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. Furthermore, COPD is often characterized by extrapulmonary manifestations and comorbidities worsening COPD progression and quality of life. A neglected comorbidity in COPD management is mental health impairment defined by anxiety, depression and cognitive problems. This paper summarizes the evidence for impaired mental health in COPD and focuses on current pharmacological intervention strategies. In addition, possible mechanisms in impaired mental health in COPD are discussed with a central role for inflammation. Many comorbidities are associated with multi-organ-associated systemic inflammation in COPD. Considering the accumulative evidence for a major role of systemic inflammation in the development of neurological disorders, it can be hypothesized that COPD-associated systemic inflammation also affects the function of the brain and is an interesting therapeutic target for nutra- and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Pelgrim
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia D Peterson
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry R Gosker
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Nutrition, Metabolism and Muscle Sciences, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Platform Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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316
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Personalized Approach and Precision Medicine in Supportive and End-of-Life Care for Patients With Advanced and End-Stage Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2018; 38:336-345. [PMID: 30082054 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kidney supportive care requires a highly personalized approach to care. Precision medicine holds promise for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of symptoms and related syndromes and more precise individualization of prognosis and treatment estimates, therefore providing valuable opportunities for greater personalization of supportive care. However, the major drivers of quality of life are psychosocial, economic, lifestyle, and preference-based, and consideration of these factors and skilled communication are integral to the provision of excellent and personalized kidney supportive care. This article discusses the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the context of kidney supportive care and highlights some opportunities and limitations within these fields.
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317
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Rhee RL, Sreih AG, Najem CE, Grayson PC, Zhao C, Bittinger K, Collman RG, Merkel PA. Characterisation of the nasal microbiota in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1448-1453. [PMID: 29997110 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies have suggested a potential link between nasal microbes and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; Wegener's), but these studies relied on culture-dependent methods. This study comprehensively examined the entire community of nasal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) in participants with GPA compared with healthy controls using deep sequencing methods. METHODS 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing were performed on nasal microbial DNA isolated from nasal swabs of 60 participants with GPA and 41 healthy controls. Alpha and beta diversity were assessed as well as the relative abundance of the most abundant bacterial and fungal taxa. The effects of covariates including disease activity and immunosuppressive therapies on microbial composition were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with controls, participants with GPA had a significantly different microbial composition (weighted UniFrac p=0.04) and lower relative abundance of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis (for both, false discovery rate-corrected p=0.02). Disease activity in GPA was associated with a lower abundance of fungal order Malasseziales compared with participants with GPA in remission (p=0.04) and controls (p=0.01). Use of non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressive therapy was associated with 'healthy' nasal microbiota while participants with GPA who were off immunosuppressive therapy had more dysbiosis (weighted UniFrac p=0.01). No difference in the relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus was observed between GPA and controls. CONCLUSIONS GPA is associated with an altered nasal microbial composition, at both the bacterial and fungal levels. Use of immunosuppressive therapies and disease remission are associated with healthy microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennie L Rhee
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antoine G Sreih
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine E Najem
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter C Grayson
- Vasculitis Translational Research Program, National Institutes of of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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318
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Menni C, Lin C, Cecelja M, Mangino M, Matey-Hernandez ML, Keehn L, Mohney RP, Steves CJ, Spector TD, Kuo CF, Chowienczyk P, Valdes AM. Gut microbial diversity is associated with lower arterial stiffness in women. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:2390-2397. [PMID: 29750272 PMCID: PMC6030944 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The gut microbiome influences metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation and is therapeutically modifiable. Arterial stiffness is poorly correlated with most traditional risk factors. Our aim was to examine whether gut microbial composition is associated with arterial stiffness. Methods and results We assessed the correlation between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and gut microbiome composition in 617 middle-aged women from the TwinsUK cohort with concurrent serum metabolomics data. Pulse wave velocity was negatively correlated with gut microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon index, Beta(SE)= -0.25(0.07), P = 1 × 10-4) after adjustment for covariates. We identified seven operational taxonomic units associated with PWV after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing-two belonging to the Ruminococcaceae family. Associations between microbe abundances, microbe diversity, and PWV remained significant after adjustment for levels of gut-derived metabolites (indolepropionate, trimethylamine oxide, and phenylacetylglutamine). We linearly combined the PWV-associated gut microbiome-derived variables and found that microbiome factors explained 8.3% (95% confidence interval 4.3-12.4%) of the variance in PWV. A formal mediation analysis revealed that only a small proportion (5.51%) of the total effect of the gut microbiome on PWV was mediated by insulin resistance and visceral fat, c-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age, body mass index, and mean arterial pressure. Conclusions Gut microbiome diversity is inversely associated with arterial stiffness in women. The effect of gut microbiome composition on PWV is only minimally mediated by MetS. This first human observation linking the gut microbiome to arterial stiffness suggests that targeting the microbiome may be a way to treat arterial ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chihung Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Fuxing Street, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Marina Cecelja
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Luisa Matey-Hernandez
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louise Keehn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Fuxing Street, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Rd, Nottingham, UK
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319
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Fernandez DM, Clemente JC, Giannarelli C. Physical Activity, Immune System, and the Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:763. [PMID: 30013482 PMCID: PMC6036301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is a primary research focus, as it is a leading contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, and is prohibitively costly for healthcare. Atherosclerosis, the main driver of cardiovascular disease, is now recognized as an inflammatory disorder. Physical activity (PA) may have a more important role in cardiovascular health than previously expected. This review overviews the contribution of PA to cardiovascular health, the inflammatory role of atherosclerosis, and the emerging evidence of the microbiome as a regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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320
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Abstract
Microelectronic processing and engineered bacteria provide real-time insights into the gut
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca E. Burgell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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321
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Human Microbiome Acquisition and Bioinformatic Challenges in Metagenomic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020383. [PMID: 29382070 PMCID: PMC5855605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the human microbiome has become a very popular topic. Our microbial counterpart, in fact, appears to play an important role in human physiology and health maintenance. Accordingly, microbiome alterations have been reported in an increasing number of human diseases. Despite the huge amount of data produced to date, less is known on how a microbial dysbiosis effectively contributes to a specific pathology. To fill in this gap, other approaches for microbiome study, more comprehensive than 16S rRNA gene sequencing, i.e., shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, are becoming more widely used. Methods standardization and the development of specific pipelines for data analysis are required to contribute to and increase our understanding of the human microbiome relationship with health and disease status.
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322
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