301
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Kryczka J, Przygodzka P, Bogusz H, Boncela J. HMEC-1 adopt the mixed amoeboid-mesenchymal migration type during EndMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:289-300. [PMID: 28487031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of endothelial cells to scar and fibrotic tissue formation is undisputedly connected to their ability to undergo the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) towards fibroblast phenotype-resembling cells. The migration model of fibroblasts and fibroblast-resembling cells is still not fully understood. It may be either a Rho/ROCK-independent, an integrin- and MMP-correlated ECM degradation-dependent, a mesenchymal model or Rho/ROCK-dependent, integrin adhesion- and MMP activity-independent, an amoeboid model. Here, we hypothesized that microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) undergoing EndMT adopt an intermediate state of drifting migration model between the mesenchymal and amoeboid protrusive types in the early stages of fibrosis. We characterized the response of HMEC-1 to TGF-β2, a well-known mediator of EndMT within the microvasculature. We observed that TGF-β2 induces up to an intermediate mesenchymal phenotype in HMEC-1. In parallel, MMP-2 is upregulated and is responsible for most proteolytic activity. Interestingly, the migration of HMEC-1 undergoing EndMT is dependent on both ECM degradation and invadosome formation associated with MMP-2 proteolytic activity and Rho/ROCK cytoskeleton contraction. In conclusion, the transition from mesenchymal towards amoeboid movement highlights a molecular plasticity mechanism in endothelial cell migration in skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Helena Bogusz
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
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302
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Zhao D, Wang Y, Du C, Shan S, Zhang Y, Du Z, Han D. Honokiol Alleviates Hypertrophic Scar by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:206. [PMID: 28469575 PMCID: PMC5395562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HPS) presents as excessive extracellular matrix deposition and abnormal function of fibroblasts. However, there is no single satisfactory method to prevent HPS formation so far. Here, we found that honokiol (HKL), a natural compound isolated from Magnolia tree, had an inhibitory effect on HPS both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, HKL could dose-dependently down-regulate the mRNA and protein levels of type I collagen, type III collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSFs). Secondly, HKL suppressed the proliferation, migration abilities of HSFs and inhibited HSFs activation to myofibroblasts, but had no effect on cell apoptosis. Besides, the in vivo rabbit ear scar model further affirmed the inhibitory effects of HKL on collagen deposition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and α-SMA. Finally, Western blot results showed that HKL reduced the phosphorylation status of Smad2/3, as well as affected the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1. Taken together, this study demonstrated that HKL alleviated HPS by suppressing fibrosis-related molecules and inhibiting HSFs proliferation, migration as well as activation to myofibroblasts via Smad-dependent pathway. Therefore, HKL could be used as a potential agent for treating HPS and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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303
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Theodore LN, Hagedorn EJ, Cortes M, Natsuhara K, Liu SY, Perlin JR, Yang S, Daily ML, Zon LI, North TE. Distinct Roles for Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Emergence, Migration, and Niche Colonization. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1226-1241. [PMID: 28416284 PMCID: PMC5425629 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are formed during ontogeny from hemogenic endothelium in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (VDA). Critically, the cellular mechanism(s) allowing HSPC egress and migration to secondary niches are incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are inflammation-responsive proteins that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cellular interactions, and signaling. Here, inhibition of vascular-associated Mmp2 function caused accumulation of fibronectin-rich ECM, retention of runx1/cmyb+ HSPCs in the VDA, and delayed caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) colonization; these defects were absent in fibronectin mutants, indicating that Mmp2 facilitates endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition via ECM remodeling. In contrast, Mmp9 was dispensable for HSPC budding, being instead required for proper colonization of secondary niches. Significantly, these migration defects were mimicked by overexpression and blocked by knockdown of C-X-C motif chemokine-12 (cxcl12), suggesting that Mmp9 controls CHT homeostasis through chemokine regulation. Our findings indicate Mmp2 and Mmp9 play distinct but complementary roles in developmental HSPC production and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Theodore
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelsey Natsuhara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Y Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madeleine L Daily
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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304
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Abstract
Hypertension, the most common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death, is a growing health burden. Serious cardiovascular complications result from target organ damage including cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and renal failure. While many systems contribute to blood pressure (BP) elevation, the vascular system is particularly important because vascular dysfunction is a cause and consequence of hypertension. Hypertension is characterised by a vascular phenotype of endothelial dysfunction, arterial remodelling, vascular inflammation and increased stiffness. Antihypertensive drugs that influence vascular changes associated with high BP have greater efficacy for reducing cardiovascular risk than drugs that reduce BP, but have little or no effect on the adverse vascular phenotype. Angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) improve endothelial function and prevent vascular remodelling. Calcium channel blockers also improve endothelial function, although to a lesser extent than ACEIs and ARBs. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers improve endothelial function and reduce arterial stiffness, and have recently become more established as antihypertensive drugs. Lifestyle factors are essential in preventing the adverse vascular changes associated with high BP and reducing associated cardiovascular risk. Clinicians and scientists should incorporate these factors into treatment decisions for patients with high BP, as well as in the development of new antihypertensive drugs that promote vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Cameron
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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305
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Sellamuthu R, Umbright C, Roberts JR, Young SH, Richardson D, McKinney W, Chen BT, Li S, Kashon M, Joseph P. Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary response progression in crystalline silica exposed rats. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:53-64. [PMID: 28317464 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1282064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms underlying diseases is critical for their prevention. Excessive exposure to crystalline silica is a risk factor for silicosis, a potentially fatal pulmonary disease. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to crystalline silica (15 mg/m3, six hours/day, five days) and pulmonary response was determined at 44 weeks following termination of silica exposure. Additionally, global gene expression profiling in lungs and BAL cells and bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data were done to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of pulmonary response to silica. A significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity and albumin content in BAL fluid (BALF) suggested silica-induced pulmonary toxicity in the rats. A significant increase in the number of alveolar macrophages and infiltrating neutrophils in the lungs and elevation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in BALF suggested the induction of pulmonary inflammation in the silica exposed rats. Histological changes in the lungs included granuloma formation, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, thickening of alveolar septa and positive response to Masson's trichrome stain. Microarray analysis of global gene expression detected 94 and 225 significantly differentially expressed genes in the lungs and BAL cells, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data identified significant enrichment of several disease and biological function categories and canonical pathways related to pulmonary toxicity, especially inflammation. Taken together, these data suggested the involvement of chronic inflammation as a mechanism underlying the progression of pulmonary response to exposure of rats to crystalline silica at 44 weeks following termination of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Sellamuthu
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Christina Umbright
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shih-Houng Young
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diana Richardson
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bean T Chen
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shengqiao Li
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Pius Joseph
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
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306
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Luo S, Hieu TB, Ma F, Yu Y, Cao Z, Wang M, Wu W, Mao Y, Rose P, Law BYK, Zhu YZ. ZYZ-168 alleviates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction through inhibition of ERK1/2-dependent ROCK1 activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43242. [PMID: 28266583 PMCID: PMC5339863 DOI: 10.1038/srep43242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective treatments for myocardial infarction (MI) induced cardiac fibrosis are lacking. In this study, we focus on the therapeutic potential of a synthetic cardio-protective agent named ZYZ-168 towards MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and try to reveal the underlying mechanism. ZYZ-168 was administered to rats with coronary artery ligation over a period of six weeks. Ecocardiography and Masson staining showed that ZYZ-168 substantially improved cardiac function and reduced interstitial fibrosis. The expression of α–smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen I were reduced as was the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). These were related with decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and expression of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1). In cardiac fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β1, phenotypic switches of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts were observed. Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation or knockdown of ROCK1 expectedly reduced TGF-β1 induced fibrotic responses. ZYZ-168 appeared to inhibit the fibrotic responses in a concentration dependent manner, in part via a decrease in ROCK 1 expression through inhibition of the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2. For inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with a specific inhibitor reduced the activation of ROCK1. Considering its anti-apoptosis activity in MI, ZYZ-168 may be a potential drug candidate for treatment of MI-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tran Ba Hieu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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307
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Ruan H, Liang X, Zhao W, Ma L, Zhao Y. The effects of microRNA-183 promots cell proliferation and invasion by targeting MMP-9 in endometrial cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:812-818. [PMID: 28273643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are known to play important roles in cancer cell development. However, the pattern and biological role of miR-183 in endometrial cancer (EC) have not been completely unexplored. Here, we found that miR-183 was upregulated in endometrial cancer cells. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the function of miR-183 in the endometrial cancer cell line and the mechanisms regulating its direct target protein in these processes. The mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The experiments about MTT assay, colony formation assay and transwell assay showed that miR-183 can positively regulate cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments indicated that knockdown of miR-183 significantly attenuated EC cells growth. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay was conducted to confirm target associations. The data analysis revealed that MMP-9 as a direct target of miR-183 in EC and there was a negatively relationship between miR-183 and MMP-9 expression in EC cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-183 plays a critical role in EC tumorigenesis and metastasis by suppressing MMP-9 expression, which may be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Ruan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, China.
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China.
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308
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Pap D, Sziksz E, Kiss Z, Rokonay R, Veres-Székely A, Lippai R, Takács IM, Kis É, Fekete A, Reusz G, Szabó AJ, Vannay A. Microarray Analysis Reveals Increased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteases and Cytokines of Interleukin-20 Subfamily in the Kidneys of Neonate Rats Underwent Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction: A Potential Role of IL-24 in the Regulation of Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:16-32. [PMID: 28253513 DOI: 10.1159/000464317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Congenital obstructive nephropathy (CON) is the main cause of pediatric chronic kidney diseases leading to renal fibrosis. High morbidity and limited treatment opportunities of CON urge the better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS To identify the differentially expressed genes, microarray analysis was performed on the kidney samples of neonatal rats underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Microarray results were then validated by real-time RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis was carried out to identify the relevant genes, functional groups and pathways involved in the pathomechanism of CON. Renal expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 and interleukin (IL)-24 were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis. Effect of the main profibrotic factors on the expression of MMP-12 and IL-24 was investigated on HK-2 and HEK-293 cell lines. Finally, the effect of IL-24 treatment on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs were tested in vitro. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed 880 transcripts showing >2.0-fold change following UUO, enriched mainly in immune response related processes. The most up-regulated genes were MMPs and members of IL-20 cytokine subfamily, including MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-12, IL-19 and IL-24. We found that while TGF-β treatment inhibits the expression of MMP-12 and IL-24, H2O2 or PDGF-B treatment induce the epithelial expression of MMP-12. We demonstrated that IL-24 treatment decreases the expression of IL-6 and MMP-3 in the renal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an extensive view of UUO induced changes in the gene expression profile of the developing kidney and describes novel molecules, which may play significant role in the pathomechanism of CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos Pap
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erna Sziksz
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kiss
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Rokonay
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Lippai
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Éva Kis
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE, Lendület Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Reusz
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabó
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Vannay
- MTA-SE, Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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309
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Taggart C, Mall MA, Lalmanach G, Cataldo D, Ludwig A, Janciauskiene S, Heath N, Meiners S, Overall CM, Schultz C, Turk B, Borensztajn KS. Protean proteases: at the cutting edge of lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/2/1501200. [PMID: 28179435 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01200-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteases were traditionally viewed as mere protein-degrading enzymes with a very restricted spectrum of substrates. A major expansion in protease research has uncovered a variety of novel substrates, and it is now evident that proteases are critical pleiotropic actors orchestrating pathophysiological processes. Recent findings evidenced that the net proteolytic activity also relies upon interconnections between different protease and protease inhibitor families in the protease web.In this review, we provide an overview of these novel concepts with a particular focus on pulmonary pathophysiology. We describe the emerging roles of several protease families including cysteine and serine proteases.The complexity of the protease web is exemplified in the light of multidimensional regulation of serine protease activity by matrix metalloproteases through cognate serine protease inhibitor processing. Finally, we will highlight how deregulated protease activity during pulmonary pathogenesis may be exploited for diagnosis/prognosis purposes, and utilised as a therapeutic tool using nanotechnologies.Considering proteases as part of an integrative biology perspective may pave the way for the development of new therapeutic targets to treat pulmonary diseases related to intrinsic protease deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research group (AiiR), Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM UMR1100 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe: Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumors and Development and Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Inflammation Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, a member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Heath
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, Dept of Oral Biological and Medical Research University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Turk
- Dept of Biochemistry & Molecular & Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Keren S Borensztajn
- INSERM UMR _S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France .,INSERM UMR1152 Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine - site Bichat, Paris, France
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310
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Feng Z, Tan Q, Tang J, Li L, Tao Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Luo C, Feng H, Zhu G, Chen Q, Chen Z. Intraventricular administration of urokinase as a novel therapeutic approach for communicating hydrocephalus. Transl Res 2017; 180:77-90.e2. [PMID: 27614013 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the subarachnoid space (SAS) after infection, inflammation, or hemorrhage can impair cerebrospinal fluid absorption and circulation, causing diffuse ventricular dilatation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that urokinase (also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA]), a fibrinolytic agent, attenuates fibrosis and ventriculomegaly in a rat model of kaolin-induced communicating hydrocephalus and thus may have potential as a therapy for these conditions. Thirty microliters of sterile 25% kaolin suspension was injected into the basal cisterns of adult Sprague-Dawley rats to induce hydrocephalus, and 2 intraventricular injections of either uPA or vehicle (saline) were administered immediately and 3 days thereafter. Ventricular volumes were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on days 3, 14, and 28 after kaolin injection. Fibrosis and reactive astrogliosis were evaluated on day 28 by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Neurocognitive features were tested using the Morris water maze from days 23 to 28. MRI analysis demonstrated that kaolin administration successfully induced hydrocephalus in rats and that uPA treatment significantly attenuated ventricular enlargement. In addition, uPA inhibited the deposition of laminin and fibronectin, extracellular matrix molecules, in the SAS, attenuated gliosis, and improved learning and memory in kaolin-treated rats. Therefore, we concluded that uPA prevents the development of kaolin-induced communicating hydrocephalus by preventing the development of subarachnoid fibrosis and by eliciting improvements in neurocognition. The results of this study indicate that uPA may be a novel clinical therapy for communicating hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Leshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Luo
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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311
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Wight TN, Frevert CW, Debley JS, Reeves SR, Parks WC, Ziegler SF. Interplay of extracellular matrix and leukocytes in lung inflammation. Cell Immunol 2017; 312:1-14. [PMID: 28077237 PMCID: PMC5290208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocytes influx into lung compartments and interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Two ECM components, versican and hyaluronan, increase in a range of lung diseases. The interaction of leukocytes with these ECM components controls leukocyte retention and accumulation, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and activation as part of the inflammatory phase of lung disease. In addition, bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children co-cultured with human lung fibroblasts generate an ECM that is adherent for monocytes/macrophages. Macrophages are present in both early and late lung inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) is induced in alveolar macrophages with injury and infection and modulates macrophage phenotype and their ability to degrade collagenous ECM components. Collectively, studies outlined in this review highlight the importance of specific ECM components in the regulation of inflammatory events in lung disease. The widespread involvement of these ECM components in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation make them attractive candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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312
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Campbell J, Alzubaidi R. Understanding the cellular basis and pathophysiology of Peyronie's disease to optimize treatment for erectile dysfunction. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:46-59. [PMID: 28217450 PMCID: PMC5313310 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition that significantly impacts a man’s physical and psychological well-being. ED is often associated with Peyronie’s disease (PD), which is an abnormal curvature of the penis. Delayed treatment of or surgical invention for PD often results in ED and therefore unsatisfied patients. The pathophysiology of PD is incompletely understood, but has been studied extensively and based on our current understanding of PD physiology, many medical treatment options have been proposed. In this paper, we will review what is known about the pathophysiology of PD and the medical treatment options that have been trialed as a result. More investigations in regards to the basic science of PD need to be carried out in order to elucidate the exact mechanisms of the fibrosis, and propose new, more successful treatment options which should be implemented prior to the onset of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Campbell
- London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raidh Alzubaidi
- London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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313
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Fonseca FLA, da Costa Aguiar Alves B, Azzalis LA, Belardo TMG. Matrix Metalloproteases as Biomarkers of Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1579:299-311. [PMID: 28299745 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease play a vital role in many cellular processes. Dysfunction in activity of these enzymes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Factors that affect the balanced interaction between MMPs and their inhibitors, such as genetic mutations of extracellular matrix components or dysregulation of MMP expression, can lead to various diseases. Due to their essential role in ECM remodeling, MMPs have become targets of interest as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases associated with alterations of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Químicas, Ambientais e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Análises Clínicas-Anexo 3, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Vila Principe de Gales, n.821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas-Anexo 3, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Vila Principe de Gales, n.821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Ligia Ajaime Azzalis
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Químicas, Ambientais e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Moura Gáscon Belardo
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas-Anexo 3, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Vila Principe de Gales, n.821, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
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314
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Clarke DL, Murray LA, Crestani B, Sleeman MA. Is personalised medicine the key to heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Pharmacol Ther 2017; 169:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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315
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Ge L, Hu Q, Shi M, Yang H, Zhu G. Design and discovery of novel thiazole derivatives as potential MMP inhibitors to protect against acute lung injury in sepsis rats via attenuation of inflammation and apoptotic oxidative stress. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03511j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Effect of compound26on the expression of ICAM-1 and THP-1 cell adherence to activated A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqing Ge
- Neonate Department
- Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiaozhen Hu
- Obstetrical Department
- Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Mengrao Shi
- Neonate Department
- Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huiyun Yang
- Neonate Department
- Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Guoji Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
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316
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Myofibroblast repair mechanisms post-inflammatory response: a fibrotic perspective. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:451-465. [PMID: 28040859 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis is a complex chronic disease characterized by a persistent repair response. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood but it is typically the result of chronic inflammation and maintained with the required activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and extracellular matrix (ECM) tension, both of which drive fibroblasts to transition into a myofibroblast phenotype. FINDINGS As the effector cells of repair, myofibroblasts migrate to the site of injury to deposit excessive amounts of matrix proteins and stimulate high levels of contraction. Myofibroblast activity is a decisive factor in whether a tissue is properly repaired by controlled wound healing or rendered fibrotic by deregulated repair. Extensive studies have documented the various contributing factors to an abrogated repair response. Though these fibrotic factors are known, very little is understood about the opposing antifibrotic molecules that assist in a successful repair, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and ECM retraction. The following review will discuss the general development of fibrosis through the transformation of myofibroblasts, focusing primarily on the prominent profibrotic pathways of TGFβ and ECM tension and antifibrotic pathways of PGE2 and ECM retraction. CONCLUSIONS The idea is to understand the ways in which the cell, after an injury and inflammatory response, normally controls its repair mechanisms through its homeostatic regulators so as to mimic them therapeutically to control abnormal pathways.
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317
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Ling YH, Krishnan SM, Chan CT, Diep H, Ferens D, Chin-Dusting J, Kemp-Harper BK, Samuel CS, Hewitson TD, Latz E, Mansell A, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. Anakinra reduces blood pressure and renal fibrosis in one kidney/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2016; 116:77-86. [PMID: 27986554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a clinically-utilised IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, reduces renal inflammation, structural damage and blood pressure (BP) in mice with established hypertension. METHODS Hypertension was induced in male mice by uninephrectomy, deoxycorticosterone acetate (2.4mg/d,s.c.) and replacement of drinking water with saline (1K/DOCA/salt). Control mice received uninephrectomy, a placebo pellet and normal drinking water. 10days post-surgery, mice commenced treatment with anakinra (75mg/kg/d, i.p.) or vehicle (0.9% saline, i.p.) for 11days. Systolic BP was measured by tail cuff while qPCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to measure inflammatory markers, collagen and immune cell infiltration in the kidneys. RESULTS By 10days post-surgery, 1K/DOCA/salt-treated mice displayed elevated systolic BP (148.3±2.4mmHg) compared to control mice (121.7±2.7mmHg; n=18, P<0.0001). The intervention with anakinra reduced BP in 1K/DOCA/salt-treated mice by ∼20mmHg (n=16, P<0.05), but had no effect in controls. In 1K/DOCA/salt-treated mice, anakinra modestly reduced (∼30%) renal expression of some (CCL5, CCL2; n=7-8; P<0.05) but not all (ICAM-1, IL-6) inflammatory markers, and had no effect on immune cell infiltration (n=7-8, P>0.05). Anakinra reduced renal collagen content (n=6, P<0.01) but paradoxically appeared to exacerbate the renal and glomerular hypertrophy (n=8-9, P<0.001) that accompanied 1K/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. CONCLUSION Despite its anti-hypertensive and renal anti-fibrotic actions, anakinra had minimal effects on inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in mice with 1K/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. Future studies will assess whether the anti-hypertensive actions of anakinra are mediated by protective actions in other BP-regulating or salt-handling organs such as the arteries, skin and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hann Ling
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shalini M Krishnan
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dorota Ferens
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jaye Chin-Dusting
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy D Hewitson
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School,Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.
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318
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Dong J, Ma Q. TIMP1 promotes multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced lung fibrosis by stimulating fibroblast activation and proliferation. Nanotoxicology 2016; 11:41-51. [PMID: 27852133 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1262919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) may cause fibrosing lesions in animal lungs, raising health concerns about such exposure in humans. The mechanisms underlying fibrosis development remain unclear, but they are believed to involve the dysfunction of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Using a mouse model of MWCNT exposure, we found that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) gene was rapidly and highly induced in the lungs by MWCNTs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Concomitantly, a pronounced elevation of secreted TIMP1 was observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum. Knockout (KO) of Timp1 in mice caused a significant reduction in fibrotic focus formation, collagen fiber deposition, recruitment of fibroblasts and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in the lungs, indicating that TIMP1 plays a critical role in the pulmonary fibrotic response to MWCNTs. At the molecular level, MWCNT exposure significantly increased the expression of the cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and PCNA and a panel of cell cycle-controlling genes in the lungs in a TIMP1-dependent manner. MWCNT-stimulated cell proliferation was most prominent in fibroblasts but not myofibroblasts. Furthermore, MWCNTs elicited a significant induction of CD63 and integrin β1 in lung fibroblasts, leading to the formation of a TIMP1/CD63/integrin β1 complex on the surface of fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro, which triggered the phosphorylation and activation of Erk1/2. Our study uncovers a new pathway through which induced TIMP1 critically modulates the pulmonary fibrotic response to MWCNTs by promoting fibroblast activation and proliferation via the TIMP1/CD63/integrin β1 axis and ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, WV , USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, WV , USA
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319
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Curcumin inhibits paraquat induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by extracellular matrix modifications in mouse model. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:335-345. [PMID: 27766504 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraquat (PQ), a potent herbicide can cause severe toxicity. We report here that fibroproliferation phase of acute lung injury (ALI) is initiated much earlier (within 48 h) after PQ intoxication than previously reported (after 2 weeks) and we aimed to study the protective effects of intranasal curcumin as new therapeutic strategy in mouse model. METHODS Mice (Park's strain) were divided into five experimental groups (I) control, received only saline (0.9 % NaCl) (II) PQ, mice intoxicated with PQ (50 mg/kg, i.p., single dose); (III) curcumin, treated with curcumin (5 mg/kg, i.n) an hour before PQ administration; (IV)Veh, DMSO (equal volume to curcumin) given an hour before PQ exposure; (V) DEXA, mice treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p) before an hour of PQ intoxication. After 48 h of the PQ exposure, all mice were sacrificed and samples were analyzed. RESULTS Pretreatment with intranasal curcumin (5 mg/kg) could modify the PQ-intoxication (50 mg/kg, i.p) induced structural remodeling of lung parenchyma at an early phase of acute lung injury. Significant increase in inflammatory cell count, reactive oxygen species and hydroxyproline levels were decreased after curcumin pretreatment (all p < 0.05). Histological examination and zymography results were also found consistent. CONCLUSION Our results show that curcumin pretreatment decreased the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and changed the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) after PQ intoxication. Single toxic dose of PQ has initiated fibroproliferation within 48 h and intranasal curcumin may prove as new therapeutic strategy for PQ induced ALI and fibroproliferation.
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320
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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases necroinflammation and hepatic stellate cell activation but does not exacerbate experimental liver fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 311:42-51. [PMID: 27693115 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant and high-affinity ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Increasing evidence indicates that AhR signaling contributes to wound healing, which involves the coordinated deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In the liver, wound healing is attributed to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which mediate fibrogenesis through the production of soluble mediators and collagen type I. We recently reported that TCDD treatment increases the activation of human HSCs in vitro. The goal of this study was to determine how TCDD impacts HSC activation in vivo using a mouse model of experimental liver fibrosis. To elicit fibrosis, C57BL6/male mice were treated twice weekly for 8weeks with 0.5ml/kg carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). TCDD (20μg/kg) or peanut oil (vehicle) was administered once a week during the last 2weeks. Results indicate that TCDD increased liver-body-weight ratios, serum alanine aminotransferase activity, and hepatic necroinflammation in CCl4-treated mice. Likewise, TCDD treatment increased mRNA expression of HSC activation and fibrogenesis genes, namely α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, delta-like homolog-1, TGF-β1, and collagen type I. However, TCDD treatment did not exacerbate fibrosis, nor did it increase the collagen content of the liver. Instead, TCDD increased hepatic collagenase activity and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and the matrix regulatory proteins, TIMP-1 and PAI-1. These results support the conclusion that TCDD increases CCl4-induced liver damage and exacerbates HSC activation, yet collagen deposition and the development of fibrosis may be limited by TCDD-mediated changes in extracellular matrix remodeling.
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321
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Chronopoulos A, Robinson B, Sarper M, Cortes E, Auernheimer V, Lachowski D, Attwood S, García R, Ghassemi S, Fabry B, Del Río Hernández A. ATRA mechanically reprograms pancreatic stellate cells to suppress matrix remodelling and inhibit cancer cell invasion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12630. [PMID: 27600527 PMCID: PMC5023948 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal survival rate. Persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can perturb the biomechanical homoeostasis of the tumour microenvironment to favour cancer cell invasion. Here we report that ATRA, an active metabolite of vitamin A, restores mechanical quiescence in PSCs via a mechanism involving a retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-β)-dependent downregulation of actomyosin (MLC-2) contractility. We show that ATRA reduces the ability of PSCs to generate high traction forces and adapt to extracellular mechanical cues (mechanosensing), as well as suppresses force-mediated extracellular matrix remodelling to inhibit local cancer cell invasion in 3D organotypic models. Our findings implicate a RAR-β/MLC-2 pathway in peritumoural stromal remodelling and mechanosensory-driven activation of PSCs, and further suggest that mechanical reprogramming of PSCs with retinoic acid derivatives might be a viable alternative to stromal ablation strategies for the treatment of PDAC. Persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can perturb the biomechanical homeostasis of the tumour microenvironment. Here the authors show that all-trans retinoic acid reduces retinoic acid receptor beta dependent-actomyosin contractility and restores mechanical quiescence in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chronopoulos
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Benjamin Robinson
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Muge Sarper
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vera Auernheimer
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon Attwood
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rebeca García
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saba Ghassemi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Armando Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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322
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Knockdown of placental growth factor (PLGF) mitigates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats: Suppressive effects on NFκB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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323
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Kolahian S, Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O, Hartl D. Immune Mechanisms in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:309-22. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0121tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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324
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Raby AC, Colmont CS, Kift-Morgan A, Köhl J, Eberl M, Fraser D, Topley N, Labéta MO. Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:461-478. [PMID: 27432741 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited by dialysis failure due to peritoneal membrane fibrosis driven by inflammation caused by infections or sterile cellular stress. Given the fundamental role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and complement in inflammation, we assessed the potential of peritoneal TLR2, TLR4 and C5a receptors, C5aR and C5L2, as therapeutic targets in PD-associated fibrosis. We detected TLR2-, TLR4-, and C5aR-mediated proinflammatory and fibrotic responses to bacteria that were consistent with the expression of these receptors in peritoneal macrophages (TLR2/4, C5aR) and mesothelial cells (TLR2, C5aR). Experiments in knockout mice revealed a major role for TLR2, a lesser role for TLR4, a supplementary role for C5aR, and no apparent activity of C5L2 in infection-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Similarly, antibody blockade of TLR2, TLR4, or C5aR differentially inhibited bacteria-induced profibrotic and inflammatory mediator production by peritoneal leukocytes isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of noninfected uremic patients. Additionally, antibodies against TLR2, TLR4, or the coreceptor CD14 reduced the profibrotic responses of uremic leukocytes to endogenous components present in the PDE of noninfected patients. Enhancing TLR2-mediated inflammation increased fibrosis in vivo Furthermore, soluble TLR2 (sTLR2), a negative modulator of TLRs that we detected in PDE, inhibited PDE-induced, TLR2- or TLR4-mediated profibrotic responses. Notably, sTLR2 treatment markedly reduced Gram-positive and -negative bacteria-induced fibrosis in vivo, inhibiting proinflammatory and fibrotic genes without affecting infection clearance. These findings reveal the influence of peritoneal TLR2 and TLR4 on PD-associated fibrosis and describe a therapeutic strategy against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Raby
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
| | - Chantal S Colmont
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Kift-Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany; and.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Fraser
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Topley
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mario O Labéta
- Division of Infection and Immunity and The Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
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Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammasome pathway in molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160107. [PMID: 27247426 PMCID: PMC4945993 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in tissue or organ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of proteases known to regulate the turn-over of ECM and so they are suggested to be important in tissue remodelling observed during fibrogenic process associated with chronic inflammation. Tissue remodelling is the result of an imbalance in the equilibrium of the normal processes of synthesis and degradation of ECM components markedly controlled by the MMPs/TIMP imbalance. We previously showed an association of the differences in collagen deposition in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice with a reduced molar pro-MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. Using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) preclinical model of liver fibrosis in mice, we observed a significant increase in collagen deposition with increased expression and release of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 both at 24 h and 3 weeks later. This suggests an early altered regulation of matrix turnover involved in the development of fibrosis. We also demonstrated an activation of NLRP3-inflammasome pathway associated with the IL-1R/MyD88 signalling in the development of experimental fibrosis both in lung and liver. This was also associated with an increased expression of purinergic receptors mainly P2X7. Finally, these observations emphasize those effective therapies for these disorders must be given early in the natural history of the disease, prior to the development of tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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326
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Li C, Kuemmerle JF. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of intestinal fibrosis. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:496-505. [PMID: 27536359 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616659023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease affects those individuals with polygenic risk factors. The identified risk loci indicate that the genetic architecture of Crohn's disease involves both innate and adaptive immunity and the response to the intestinal environment including the microbiome. Genetic risk alone, however, predicts only 25% of disease, indicating that other factors, including the intestinal environment, can shape the epigenome and also confer heritable risk to patients. Patients with Crohn's disease can have purely inflammatory disease, penetrating disease or fibrostenosis. Analysis of the genetic risk combined with epigenetic marks of Crohn's disease and other disease associated with organ fibrosis reveals common events are affecting the genes and pathways key to development of fibrosis. This review will focus on what is known about the mechanisms by which genetic and epigenetic risk factors determine development of fibrosis in Crohn's disease and contrast that with other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Medicine, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - John F Kuemmerle
- Department of Medicine, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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327
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Contribution of collagen adhesion receptors to tissue fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:521-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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328
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A role for antimetabolites in glaucoma tube surgery: current evidence and future directions. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2016; 27:164-9. [PMID: 26720778 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main treatment modality for glaucoma is the reduction and control of the intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma filtration surgery, including trabeculectomy and/or implantation of a glaucoma drainage device (GDD), is warranted if IOP remains medically uncontrolled. However, postoperative scarring remains a critical determinant of long-term bleb survival and IOP control after drainage surgery. Antimetabolites, such as mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil, have been used for many years to increase survival time of filtration surgeries by preventing bleb fibrosis and scarring. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of: the current usage of these antimetabolites in GDD, the recent advancements of these antimetabolites in combination with other technologies, and the role of future antimetabolites. RECENT FINDINGS Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil have been used in GDD and trabeculectomy to prevent the exaggerated cellular reaction that leads to fibrosis. The adjunctive administration of these drugs intraoperatively and postoperatively has resulted in a lower rate of the hypertensive phase, and possibly a better long-term success rate in Ahmed valve surgeries. However, the application of these antimetabolites and their multiple-dosing applications are associated with nonspecific cytotoxicity and potentially severe complications such as bleb leak and conjunctival erosion over the tube. Recent studies are thus focusing on different medications, targeting new molecular pathways, and designing new delivery vehicles to minimize current antimetabolites side-effects and increase their efficacy. Promising results of these studies have led to development of new collaborative medications and advanced drug delivery systems for better modulation of GDD surgeries' predictable outcomes. SUMMARY The development of small molecule therapeutics, combination therapies, and innovative drug vehicles to prevent postsurgical fibrosis and achieve better surgical outcome in glaucoma filtration surgeries is promising.
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329
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Elks CM, Zhao P, Grant RW, Hang H, Bailey JL, Burk DH, McNulty MA, Mynatt RL, Stephens JM. Loss of Oncostatin M Signaling in Adipocytes Induces Insulin Resistance and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Vivo. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17066-76. [PMID: 27325693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional gp130 cytokine. Although OSM is produced in adipose tissue, it is not produced by adipocytes. OSM expression is significantly induced in adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. The OSM-specific receptor, OSM receptor β (OSMR), is expressed in adipocytes, but its function remains largely unknown. To better understand the effects of OSM in adipose tissue, we knocked down Osmr expression in adipocytes in vitro using siRNA. In vivo, we generated a mouse line lacking Osmr in adiponectin-expressing cells (OSMR(FKO) mice). The effects of OSM on gene expression were also assessed in vitro and in vivo OSM exerts proinflammatory effects on cultured adipocytes that are partially rescued by Osmr knockdown. Osm expression is significantly increased in adipose tissue T cells of high fat-fed mice. In addition, adipocyte Osmr expression is increased following high fat feeding. OSMR(FKO) mice exhibit increased insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation and have increased lean mass, femoral length, and bone volume. Also, OSMR(FKO) mice exhibit increased expression of Osm, the T cell markers Cd4 and Cd8, and the macrophage markers F4/80 and Cd11c Interestingly, the same proinflammatory genes induced by OSM in adipocytes are induced in the adipose tissue of the OSMR(FKO) mouse, suggesting that increased expression of proinflammatory genes in adipose tissue arises both from adipocytes and other cell types. These findings suggest that adipocyte OSMR signaling is involved in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and that, in obesity, OSMR ablation may exacerbate insulin resistance by promoting adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Ryan W Grant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A McNulty
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Transgenics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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330
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Horejs CM. Basement membrane fragments in the context of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:427-440. [PMID: 27397693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables cells of epithelial phenotype to become motile and change to a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is known to be a fundamental requisite for tissue morphogenesis, and EMT-related pathways have been described in cancer metastasis and tissue fibrosis. Epithelial structures are marked by the presence of a sheet-like extracellular matrix, the basement membrane, which is assembled from two major proteins, laminin and collagen type IV. This specialized matrix is essential for tissue function and integrity, and provides an important barrier to the potential pathogenic migration of cells. The profound phenotypic transition in EMT involves the epithelial cells disrupting the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to cleave components of basement membranes, but MMP-basement membrane crosstalk during EMT in vivo is poorly understood. However, MMPs have been reported to play a role in EMT-related processes and a variety of basement membrane fragments have been shown to be released by specific MMPs in vitro and in vivo exhibiting distinct biological activities. This review discusses general considerations regarding the basement membrane in the context of EMT, a possible role for specific MMPs in EMT and highlights biologically active basement membrane fragments liberated by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles vaeg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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331
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis Accelerates the Progression of Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis by Activating SMAD and p38 MAPK in TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8986451. [PMID: 27365897 PMCID: PMC4913011 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8986451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aim was to explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) in lupus nephritis and its potential underlying mechanisms. MRL/lpr mice were used for in vivo experiments and human proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells) were used for in vitro experiments. Results showed that MRL/lpr mice treated with vehicle solution or LV-Control shRNA displayed significant proteinuria and severe renal histopathological changes. LV-TWEAK-shRNA treatment reversed these changes and decreased renal expressions of TWEAK, TGF-β1, p-p38 MAPK, p-Smad2, COL-1, and α-SMA proteins. In vitro, hTWEAK treatment upregulated the expressions of TGF-β1, p-p38 MAPK, p-SMAD2, α-SMA, and COL-1 proteins in HK2 cells and downregulated the expressions of E-cadherin protein, which were reversed by cotreatment with anti-TWEAK mAb or SB431542 treatment. These findings suggest that TWEAK may contribute to chronic renal changes and renal fibrosis by activating TGF-β1 signaling pathway, and phosphorylation of Smad2 and p38 MAPK proteins was also involved in this signaling pathway.
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332
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Kandhi R, Bobbala D, Yeganeh M, Mayhue M, Menendez A, Ilangumaran S. Negative regulation of the hepatic fibrogenic response by suppressor of cytokine signaling 1. Cytokine 2016; 82:58-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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333
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Amer LD, Bryant SJ. The In Vitro and In Vivo Response to MMP-Sensitive Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:1959-69. [PMID: 27080375 PMCID: PMC5577801 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-sensitive hydrogels are a promising class of materials for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering because their ability to be degraded by cell-secreted factors. However, it is well known that nearly all synthetic biomaterials elicit a foreign body response (FBR) upon implantation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo response to an enzyme-sensitive hydrogel. Hydrogels were formed from poly(ethylene glycol) with the peptide crosslinker, C-VPLS↓LYSG-C, which is susceptible to matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. We evaluated the hydrogel by exogenously delivered enzymes, encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells as a tissue engineering relevant cell type, and by macrophage-secreted factors in vitro and for the FBR through macrophage attachment in vitro and in a subcutaneous mouse model. These hydrogels rapidly degraded upon exposure to exogenous MMP-2 and to lesser degree with MMP-9. Encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells were capable of degrading the hydrogels via matrix metalloproteinases. Inflammatory macrophages were confirmed to attach to the hydrogels, but were not capable of rapidly degrading the hydrogels. In vivo, these hydrogels remained intact after 4 weeks and exhibited a classic FBR with inflammatory cells at the hydrogel surface and a fibrous capsule. In summary, these findings suggest that while this MMP-2/9 sensitive hydrogel is readily degraded in vitro, it does not undergo rapid degradation by the FBR. Thus, the long term stability of these hydrogels in vivo coupled with the ability for encapsulated cells to degrade the hydrogel makes them promising materials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Amer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
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334
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Zhou X, Gao T, Jiang XG, Xie ML. Protective effect of apigenin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by increments of lung antioxidant ability and PPARγ expression. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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335
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Kerola A, Lampela H, Lohi J, Heikkilä P, Mutanen A, Hagström J, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Haglund C, Jalanko H, Pakarinen MP. Increased MMP-7 expression in biliary epithelium and serum underpins native liver fibrosis after successful portoenterostomy in biliary atresia. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:187-98. [PMID: 27499927 PMCID: PMC4958739 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying progressive liver fibrosis following surgical treatment of biliary atresia (BA) remain unclear. Our aim was to address hepatic gene and protein expression and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) after successful portoenterostomy (PE), and relate them to histological signs of liver injury, clinical follow‐up data and biochemical markers of hepatic function. LIver biopsies and serum samples were obtained from 25 children after successful PE at median age of 3.3 years. Serum MMP concentrations were determined by enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay. Hepatic gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs was analyzed using real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR. Liver expression of MMP‐7 and cytokeratin‐7 was studied using immunohistochemistry. Despite effective clearance of biochemical and histological cholestasis following PE, BA patients showed increased hepatic gene expression of MMP‐7 (29‐fold, p < 0.001), MMP‐2 (3.1‐fold, p < 0.001), MMP‐14 (1.7‐fold, p = 0.007), and TIMP‐1 (1.8‐fold, p < 0.001), when compared to controls. Similar to a biliary epithelial marker cytokeratin‐7, expression of MMP‐7 localized in biliary epithelium of bile ducts and ductal proliferations and periportal hepatocytes and was increased (p < 0.001) in relation to controls. BA patients had 6‐fold higher serum levels of MMP‐7 (p < 0.001), which correlated positively with hepatic MMP‐7 gene (r = 0.548, p = 0.007) and protein (r = 0.532, p = 0.007) expression. Patients showed a positive correlation between biliary MMP‐7 expression and Metavir fibrosis stage (r = 0.605, p = 0.001) and portal fibrosis grade (r = 0.606, p = 0.001). Neither similarly increased MMP‐7 expression nor correlation with liver fibrosis was observed in patients with intestinal failure‐associated liver disease and comparable Metavir stage. In conclusion, our findings support an unique role of altered hepatic expression of MMP‐7 in the progression of liver fibrosis after successful PE and introduce a potential therapeutic target to pharmacologically extend native liver survival by inhibiting MMP‐7 hyperactivity. Serum MMP‐7 may be a valuable postoperative prognostic tool in BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kerola
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland; Department of SurgeryNorth Karelia Central HospitalJoensuuFinland
| | - Hanna Lampela
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland; Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Annika Mutanen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Pathology and Oral Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland; Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland; Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
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336
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Hsu DZ, Jou IM. 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether-cross-linked hyaluronan inhibits fibrosis in rat primary tenocytes by down-regulating autophagy modulation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:84. [PMID: 26968759 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidural fibrosis, an inevitable part of the postoperative healing process, is one of the important causes of failed back surgery syndrome after spinal surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of a novel material 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether-cross-linked hyaluronan (cHA) on fibrosis in primary tenocytes. cHA inhibited migration, cell proliferation, and suppressed the expression of fibronectin, but not transforming growth factor-β, in primary tenocytes. cHA significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase-3 but decreased collagen-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II expression in a dose-dependent manner compared with control groups. We therefore concluded that suppressing autophagy activity may be involved in the anti-fibrotic effect of cHA in primary tenocytes. Further, cHA may have the potential for preventing epidural fibrosis and subsequent failed back syndrome in patients with laminectomy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dur-Zong Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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337
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Nakamura T, Koga H, Iwamoto H, Tsutsumi V, Imamura Y, Naitou M, Masuda A, Ikezono Y, Abe M, Wada F, Sakaue T, Ueno T, Ii M, Alev C, Kawamoto A, Asahara T, Torimura T. Ex vivo expansion of circulating CD34(+) cells enhances the regenerative effect on rat liver cirrhosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16025. [PMID: 27162932 PMCID: PMC4847556 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of autologous cells is indispensable for cell transplantation therapy of patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of human ex vivo-expanded CD34+ cells for treatment of cirrhotic rat liver. Recipient rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 twice weekly for 3 weeks before administration of CD34+ cells. CCl4 was then re-administered twice weekly for 3 more weeks, and the rats were sacrificed. Saline, nonexpanded or expanded CD34+ cells were injected via the spleen. After 7 days, CD34+ cells were effectively expanded in a serum-free culture medium. Expanded CD34+ cells were also increasingly positive for cell surface markers of VE-cadherin, VEGF receptor-2, and Tie-2. The expression of proangiogenic growth factors and adhesion molecules in expanded CD34+ cells increased compared with nonexpanded CD34+ cells. Expanded CD34+ cell transplantation reduced liver fibrosis, with a decrease of αSMA+ cells. Assessments of hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell proliferative activity indicated the superior potency of expanded CD34+ cells over non-expanded CD34+ cells. The inhibition of integrin αvβ3 and αvβ5 disturbed the engraftment of transplanted CD34+ cells and aggravated liver fibrosis. These findings suggest that expanded CD34+ cells enhanced the preventive efficacy of cell transplantation in a cirrhotic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Victor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yasuko Imamura
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University , Kurume, Japan
| | - Masako Naitou
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University , Kurume, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Masuda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yu Ikezono
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Wada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakaue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takato Ueno
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University , Kurume, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Group of Translational Stem Cell Research, Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kawamoto
- Group of Vascular Regeneration Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Japan
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338
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The exit strategy: Pharmacological modulation of extracellular matrix production and deposition for better aqueous humor drainage. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:32-42. [PMID: 27112663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is an optic neuropathy and an irreversible blinding disease. The etiology of glaucoma is not known but numerous risk factors are associated with this disease including aging, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), race, myopia, family history and use of steroids. In POAG, the resistance to the aqueous humor drainage is increased leading to elevated IOP. Lowering the resistance and ultimately the IOP has been the only way to slow disease progression and prevent vision loss. The primary drainage pathway comprising of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is made up of relatively large porous beams surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM). Its juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) or the cribriform meshwork is made up of cells embedded in dense ECM. The JCT is considered to offer the major resistance to the aqueous humor outflow. This layer is adjacent to the endothelial cells forming Schlemm's canal, which provides approximately 10% of the outflow resistance. The ECM in the TM and the JCT undergoes continual remodeling to maintain normal resistance to aqueous humor outflow. It is believed that the TM is a major contributor of ECM proteins and evidence points towards increased ECM deposition in the outflow pathway in POAG. It is not clear how and from where the ECM components emerge to hinder the normal aqueous humor drainage. This review focuses on the involvement of the ECM in ocular hypertension and glaucoma and the mechanisms by which various ocular hypotensive drugs, both current and emerging, target ECM production, remodeling, and deposition.
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339
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D'Alessio FR, Craig JM, Singer BD, Files DC, Mock JR, Garibaldi BT, Fallica J, Tripathi A, Mandke P, Gans JH, Limjunyawong N, Sidhaye VK, Heller NM, Mitzner W, King LS, Aggarwal NR. Enhanced resolution of experimental ARDS through IL-4-mediated lung macrophage reprogramming. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L733-46. [PMID: 26895644 PMCID: PMC4836113 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00419.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains an enormous clinical problem for which no specific therapies currently exist. In this study, we used intratracheal lipopolysaccharide or Pseudomonas bacteria administration to model experimental acute lung injury (ALI) and to further understand mediators of the resolution phase of ARDS. Recent work demonstrates macrophages transition from a predominant proinflammatory M1 phenotype during acute inflammation to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype with ALI resolution. We tested the hypothesis that IL-4, a potent inducer of M2-specific protein expression, would accelerate ALI resolution and lung repair through reprogramming of endogenous inflammatory macrophages. In fact, IL-4 treatment was found to offer dramatic benefits following delayed administration to mice subjected to experimental ALI, including increased survival, accelerated resolution of lung injury, and improved lung function. Expression of the M2 proteins Arg1, FIZZ1, and Ym1 was increased in lung tissues following IL-4 treatment, and among macrophages, FIZZ1 was most prominently upregulated in the interstitial subpopulation. A similar trend was observed for the expression of macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and Dectin-1 on the surface of alveolar macrophages following IL-4 administration. Macrophage depletion or STAT6 deficiency abrogated the therapeutic effect of IL-4. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IL-4-mediated therapeutic macrophage reprogramming can accelerate resolution and lung repair despite delayed use following experimental ALI. IL-4 or other therapies that target late-phase, proresolution pathways may hold promise for the treatment of human ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - B D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D C Files
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - J R Mock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - B T Garibaldi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J Fallica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A Tripathi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - P Mandke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J H Gans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - V K Sidhaye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - L S King
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N R Aggarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
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340
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Kim TW, Kim YJ, Seo CS, Kim HT, Park SR, Lee MY, Jung JY. Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hylander attenuates renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis via regulation of TGF-ß and Smad3 expression on unilateral ureteral obstruction rat model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:331-9. [PMID: 27002403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal interstitial fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to end-stage renal failure. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hylander ethanol extract (ECE) on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). STUDY DESIGN After quantitative analysis of ECE using the high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) method, an in vitro study was performed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of ECE, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), respectively. METHODS For in vivo study, all male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=10/group), except for those in the control group, underwent UUO. The rats were orally treated with water (control), captopril (positive control, 200 mg/kg), and ECE (300 and 500 mg/kg) for 14 days. RESULTS In ECE, luteolin and rosmarinic acid were relatively abundant among the other flavonoids and phenolic acids. ECE treatment ameliorated LPS-induced overexpression of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 and improved oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, ECE treatment suppressed TGF-ß-induced α-smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in human renal mesangial cells. In the UUO model, 14 consecutive days of ECE treatment improved UUO-induced renal damage and attenuated histopathological alterations and interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, the renal expression of TNF-α, TGF-ß, and Smad 3 were inhibited by ECE treatment. CONCLUSION Taken together, the effects of ECE may be mediated by blocking the activation of TGF-ß and inflammatory cytokines, leading subsequently to degradation of the ECM accumulation pathway. Based on these findings, ECE might serve as an improved treatment strategy for renal fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ra Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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341
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Horn MA, Trafford AW. Aging and the cardiac collagen matrix: Novel mediators of fibrotic remodelling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:175-85. [PMID: 26578393 PMCID: PMC4945757 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies to treat such conditions. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases dramatically with age, yet the majority of experimental research is executed using young animals. The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), consisting predominantly of fibrillar collagen, preserves myocardial integrity, provides a means of force transmission and supports myocyte geometry. Disruptions to the finely balanced control of collagen synthesis, post-synthetic deposition, post-translational modification and degradation may have detrimental effects on myocardial functionality. It is now well established that the aged heart is characterized by fibrotic remodelling, but the mechanisms responsible for this are incompletely understood. Furthermore, studies using aged animal models suggest that interstitial remodelling with disease may be age-dependent. Thus with the identification of new therapeutic strategies targeting fibrotic remodelling, it may be necessary to consider age-dependent mechanisms. In this review, we discuss remodelling of the cardiac collagen matrix as a function of age, whilst highlighting potential novel mediators of age-dependent fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux A Horn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.06 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.06 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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342
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Glasser SW, Hagood JS, Wong S, Taype CA, Madala SK, Hardie WD. Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Resolution. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1066-77. [PMID: 27021937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibrogenesis involves a dynamic interplay between factors that promote the biosynthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix along with pathways that degrade the extracellular matrix and eliminate the primary effector cells. Opposing the often held perception that fibrotic tissue is permanent, animal studies and clinical data now demonstrate the highly plastic nature of organ fibrosis that can, under certain circumstances, regress. This review describes the current understanding of the mechanisms whereby the lung is known to resolve fibrosis focusing on degradation of the extracellular matrix, removal of myofibroblasts, and the role of inflammatory cells. Although there are significant gaps in understanding lung fibrosis resolution, accelerated improvements in biotechnology and bioinformatics are expected to improve the understanding of these mechanisms and have high potential to lead to novel and effective restorative therapies in the treatment not only of pulmonary fibrosis, but also of a wide-ranging spectrum of chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan W Glasser
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James S Hagood
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Simon Wong
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carmen A Taype
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William D Hardie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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343
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Harvey A, Montezano AC, Lopes RA, Rios F, Touyz RM. Vascular Fibrosis in Aging and Hypertension: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:659-68. [PMID: 27118293 PMCID: PMC4906153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the primary risk factor underlying hypertension and incident cardiovascular disease. With aging, the vasculature undergoes structural and functional changes characterized by endothelial dysfunction, wall thickening, reduced distensibility, and arterial stiffening. Vascular stiffness results from fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, processes that are associated with aging and are amplified by hypertension. Some recently characterized molecular mechanisms underlying these processes include increased expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases, activation of transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD signalling, upregulation of galectin-3, and activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic signalling pathways. These events can be induced by vasoactive agents, such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and aldosterone, which are increased in the vasculature during aging and hypertension. Complex interplay between the “aging process” and prohypertensive factors results in accelerated vascular remodelling and fibrosis and increased arterial stiffness, which is typically observed in hypertension. Because the vascular phenotype in a young hypertensive individual resembles that of an elderly otherwise healthy individual, the notion of “early” or “premature” vascular aging is now often used to describe hypertension-associated vascular disease. We review the vascular phenotype in aging and hypertension, focusing on arterial stiffness and vascular remodelling. We also highlight the clinical implications of these processes and discuss some novel molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and ECM reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rheure Alves Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
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344
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Chen G, Wang R, Chen H, Wu L, Ge RS, Wang Y. Gossypol ameliorates liver fibrosis in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozocin. Life Sci 2016; 149:58-64. [PMID: 26883980 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors have been shown to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since gossypol is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, the objective of the present study was to treat T2D and T2D-related liver fibrosis in rat model using low-dose gossypol. T2D was induced by feeding with high fat diet plus injection of streptozocin (30mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with either vehicle control or racemic gossypol with a dose of 15mg/kg/day for 4weeks followed by 15mg/kg/week for additional 8weeks. Blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides were measured. Messenger mRNA levels of glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc), collagen I (Col1a1), collagen III (Col3a1), fibronectin (Fn1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1), and 2 (Timp2) were measured. T2D rats had higher serum glucose, cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels compared to control. Liver Nr3c1, Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1, Timp1, and Timp2 were increased in T2D rats. T2D liver showed significant fibrosis with the increases of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. After gossypol treatment, serum glucose level was lowered by 64%. Liver fibrosis was significantly ameliorated. Nr3c1, Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1, Timp1, Timp2, Pck1 as well as G6pc levels were significantly reduced. In conclusion, low dose gossypol is effective for the treatment of T2D and T2D-related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Chen
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PR China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, PR China.
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345
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Chuah C, Jones MK, McManus DP, Nawaratna SK, Burke ML, Owen HC, Ramm GA, Gobert GN. Characterising granuloma regression and liver recovery in a murine model of schistosomiasis japonica. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:239-52. [PMID: 26812024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For hepatic schistosomiasis the egg-induced granulomatous response and the development of extensive fibrosis are the main pathologies. We used a Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse model to characterise the multi-cellular pathways associated with the recovery from hepatic fibrosis following clearance of the infection with the anti-schistosomal drug, praziquantel. In the recovering liver splenomegaly, granuloma density and liver fibrosis were all reduced. Inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver was evident, and the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages were significantly decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of fatty acid metabolism genes and the identification of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha as the upstream regulator of liver recovery. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway which regulates xenobiotic metabolism was also differentially up-regulated. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the regression of hepatic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Chuah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia; School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | | | - Melissa L Burke
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Helen C Owen
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia.
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346
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Endogenous sulfur dioxide alleviates collagen remodeling via inhibiting TGF-β/Smad pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19503. [PMID: 26762477 PMCID: PMC4725894 DOI: 10.1038/srep19503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the role of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) in collagen remodeling and its mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Overexpression of endogenous SO2 synthase aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) 1 or 2 increased SO2 levels and inhibited collagen I and III expressions induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in VSMCs. In contrast, AAT1 or AAT2 knockdown induced a severe collagen deposition in TGF-β1-treated VSMCs. Furthermore, AAT1 or AAT2 overexpression suppressed procollagen I and III mRNA, upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression, downregulated tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 level, and vice versa. Mechanistically, AAT1 or AAT2 overexpression inhibited phosphorylation of type I TGF-β receptor (TβRI) and Smad2/3 in TGF-β1-stimulated VSMCs. Whereas SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, attenuated excessive collagen deposition induced by AAT knockdown. Most importantly, ectopically expressing AAT or exogenous addition of 100 μM SO2 blocked AAT deficiency-aggravated collagen accumulation in TGF-β1-stimulatd VSMCs, while no inhibition was observed at 100 μM ethyl pyruvate. These findings indicated that endogenous SO2 alleviated collagen remodeling by controlling TGF-β1/TβRI/Smad2/3-mediated modulation of collagen synthesis and degradation.
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347
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Nalvarte I, Töhönen V, Lindeberg M, Varshney M, Gustafsson JÅ, Inzunza J. Estrogen receptor β controls MMP-19 expression in mouse ovaries during ovulation. Reproduction 2015; 151:253-9. [PMID: 26700939 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) has a central role in mouse ovaries, as ERβ knockout (BERKO) mice are subfertile due to an increase in fibrosis around the maturing follicle and a decrease in blood supply. This has a consequence that these follicles rarely rupture to release the mature oocyte. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are modulators of the extracellular matrix, and the expression of one specific MMP, MMP-19, is normally increased in granulosa cells during their maturation until ovulation. In this study, we demonstrate that MMP-19 levels are downregulated in BERKO mouse ovaries. Using human MCF-7 cells that overexpress ERβ, we could identify MMP-19 to be a transcriptional target of ligand-bound activated ERβ acting on a specificity protein-1 binding site. These data provide a molecular explanation for the observed follicle rupture defect that contributes to the subfertility of female BERKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Maria Lindeberg
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - José Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
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348
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Tu T, Calabro SR, Lee A, Maczurek AE, Budzinska MA, Warner FJ, McLennan SV, Shackel NA. Hepatocytes in liver injury: Victim, bystander, or accomplice in progressive fibrosis? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1696-704. [PMID: 26239824 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease causes significant morbidity and mortality through progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The classical theory of fibrogenesis has hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as the principal and only significant source of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM). Further, HSCs have the major role in abnormal ECM turnover. It is the death of hepatocytes, as the initial target of injury, that initiates a sequence of events including the recruitment of inflammatory cells and activation of HSCs. Following this initial response, the ongoing insult to hepatocytes is regarded as perpetuating injury, but otherwise, hepatocytes are regarded as "victims" and "bystanders" in progressive fibrosis. Recent developments, however, challenge this view and suggest the concept of the hepatocyte being an active participant in liver injury. It is clear now that hepatocytes undergo phenotypic changes, adapt to injury, and react to the altered microenvironment. In this review, we describe studies showing that hepatocytes contribute to progressive fibrosis by direct manipulation of the surrounding ECM and through signaling to effector cells, particularly HSCs and intrahepatic immune cells. Together, these findings suggest an active "accomplice" role for the hepatocyte in progressive liver fibrosis and highlight novel pathways that could be targeted for development of future anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah R Calabro
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aimei Lee
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette E Maczurek
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Magdalena A Budzinska
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona J Warner
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan V McLennan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Shackel
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,A. W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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349
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Heat shock protein 90 inhibition: A potential double- or triple-edged sword in the treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:412-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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350
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Renoprotective effects of berberine through regulation of the MMPs/TIMPs system in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:448-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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