351
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Lensink MF, Lonez C, Ruysschaert JM, Vandenbranden M. Characterization of the cationic DiC(14)-amidine bilayer by mixed DMPC/DiC(14)-amidine molecular dynamics simulations shows an interdigitated nonlamellar bilayer phase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5230-5238. [PMID: 19231818 DOI: 10.1021/la804150p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
DiC(14)-amidine (amidine) is a nonphysiological, cationic lipid that forms stable liposomes under physiological pH and temperature. Cationic lipids have been proposed as delivery vector for DNA, proteins, and drugs. Furthermore, amidine carries at present a particular interest due to its immunomodulatory properties. (1-3) Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a remarkable fluidity in the hydrophobic bilayer core, with a tendency for strong surface curvature, in agreement with the relatively small size of experimentally formed liposomes. The amidine bilayer shows an interdigitated, nonlamellar bilayer phase, with a bilayer thickness of only 2.7 nm and an average area per lipid of 0.83 nm(2). A cluster analysis of the individual lipid structures shows a thermally accessible population of V-shaped lipids, indicative of fusion capabilities with the plasma membrane. Fusion experiments confirm this hypothesis. The results are compared to the zwitterionic DMPC (dimyristoylphosphocholine), which also carries two saturated C(14) tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc F Lensink
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes (SFMB), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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352
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Obata Y, Saito S, Takeda N, Takeoka S. Plasmid DNA-encapsulating liposomes: Effect of a spacer between the cationic head group and hydrophobic moieties of the lipids on gene expression efficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1148-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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353
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Seleverstov O, Phang JM, Zabirnyk O. Semiconductor nanocrystals in autophagy research: methodology improvement at nanosized scale. Methods Enzymol 2009; 452:277-96. [PMID: 19200889 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)03618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Our recent findings establish a functional link between foreign nanosized bodies and autophagy. We find that nanoparticles (NP) within a certain size range act as potent autophagy activators, and that autophagic flux is an underlying physiological process of the cellular clearance of the NP. Therefore, NP may be used to study and to monitor autophagy. We provide a detailed description of laboratory protocols designed for studying NP-mediated autophagy. In addition, we review available methods of nanotechnology, which may benefit autophagy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Seleverstov
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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354
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Lai CY, Wiethoff CM, Kickhoefer VA, Rome LH, Nemerow GR. Vault nanoparticles containing an adenovirus-derived membrane lytic protein facilitate toxin and gene transfer. ACS NANO 2009; 3:691-699. [PMID: 19226129 PMCID: PMC2707358 DOI: 10.1021/nn8008504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral methods of gene delivery possess several advantages over that of viral-based vectors, including having increased safety. However, the ability to achieve effective transport of therapeutic molecules across host cell membranes via nonviral methods remains a significant goal. Cell-derived nanoparticles known as vaults have been proposed as novel candidate transfer vehicles for various foreign molecules. Recombinant vault particles enter cells via macropinocytosis or phagocytosis but lack demonstrable membrane penetrating activity. To explore the feasibility of improving vault penetration into target cells, we incorporated the membrane lytic domain of adenovirus protein VI (pVI) into the interior of recombinant vault particles via fusion to the vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (VPARP) interaction domain. The membrane lytic activity of the pVI domain was retained upon incorporation into vault particles. Moreover, internalization of vault-pVI complexes into murine macrophages promoted co-delivery of a soluble ribotoxin or a cDNA plasmid encoding GFP. These findings indicate that vault particles can be modified to enhance cell transfer of selected biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
- DuPont Central R&D, Experimental Station - E328/203L, Wilmington, Delaware, 19880-0328 USA
| | - Chris M. Wiethoff
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, 60153 USA
| | - Valerie A. Kickhoefer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine and California NANOSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 USA
| | - Leonard H. Rome
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine and California NANOSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 USA
| | - Glen R. Nemerow
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
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355
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Barua S, Joshi A, Banerjee A, Matthews D, Sharfstein ST, Cramer SM, Kane RS, Rege K. Parallel synthesis and screening of polymers for nonviral gene delivery. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:86-97. [PMID: 19102694 DOI: 10.1021/mp800151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe the parallel synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a cationic polymer library for the discovery of nonviral gene delivery vectors. The library was synthesized based on the ring-opening polymerization reaction between epoxide groups of diglycidyl ethers and the amines of (poly)amines. Parallel screening of soluble library constituents led to the identification of lead polymers with high DNA-binding efficacies. Transfection efficacies of lead polymers were evaluated using PC3-PSMA human prostate cancer cells and murine osteoblasts in the absence and presence of serum. In vitro experiments resulted in the identification of a candidate polymer that demonstrated significantly higher transfection efficacies and lower cytotoxicities than poly(ethyleneimine) (pEI), the current standard for polymeric transfection agents. In addition, polymers that demonstrated moderately higher and comparable transfection efficacies with respect to pEI were also identified. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput synthesis and screening of polymers is a powerful approach for the identification of novel nonviral gene delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Barua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6006, USA
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356
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DNA alters the bilayer structure of cationic lipid diC14-amidine: a spin label study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1304-9. [PMID: 19232317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lipids-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) have been used for delivery of nucleic acids into cells in vitro and in vivo. Despite the fact that, over the last decade, significant progress in the understanding of the cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in lipoplexes-mediated gene transfection have been achieved, a convincing relationship between the structure of lipoplexes and their in vivo and in vitro transfection activity is still missing. How does DNA affect the lipid packing and what are the consequences for transfection efficiency is the point we want to address here. We investigated the bilayer organization in cationic liposomes by electron spin resonance (ESR). Phospholipids spin labeled at the 5th and 16th carbon atoms were incorporated into the DNA/diC14-amidine complex. Our data demonstrate that electrostatic interactions involved in the formation of DNA-cationic lipid complex modify the packing of the cationic lipid membrane. DNA rigidifies the amidine fluid bilayer and fluidizes the amidine rigid bilayer just below the gel-fluid transition temperature. These effects were not observed with single nucleotides and are clearly related to the repetitive charged motif present in the DNA chain and not to a charge-charge interaction. These modifications of the initial lipid packing of the cationic lipid may reorient its cellular pathway towards different routes. A better knowledge of the cationic lipid packing before and after interaction with DNA may therefore contribute to the design of lipoplexes capable to reach specific cellular targets.
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357
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Kim ST, Lee KM, Park HJ, Jin SE, Ahn WS, Kim CK. Topical delivery of interleukin-13 antisense oligonucleotides with cationic elastic liposome for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. J Gene Med 2009; 11:26-37. [PMID: 19006098 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-13, overproduced in the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD), has been shown to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, inhibition of IL-13 production should provide a key step to alleviate disease conditions of the atopic skin. In the present study, IL-13 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was designed and formulated with cationic elastic liposome (cEL) to improve transdermal delivery. METHODS ASOs were generated against murine IL-13 mRNA (+4 to + 23) and complexed with cEL. Physicochemical properties of IL-13 ASO/cEL complex were examined by DNA retardation and DNase I protection assay. An in vitro inhibition study was performed in T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and cytotoxicity was tested by the XTT assay. The in vivo effect of IL-13 ASO/cEL complex was tested in a murine model of AD. RESULTS In vitro, the IL-13 ASO/cEL complex showed dose- and ratio-dependent inhibition of IL-13 secretion in Th2 cells. At the IL-13 ASO/cEL ratio of 6, maximum inhibition of IL-13 secretion was observed. When applied to the ovalbumin-sensitized murine model of AD, topically administered IL-13 ASO/cEL complex dramatically suppressed IL-13 production (by up to 70% of the control) in the affected skin region. In addition, the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were also significantly reduced. Moreover, IL-13 ASO/cEL-treated AD mice showed reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermal and dermal areas, with concomitant reduction of skin thickness. CONCLUSIONS These data suggests that IL-13 ASO/cEL complex can provide a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of AD and also be applied to other immune diseases associated with the production of Il-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Tae Kim
- Laboratory of Excellency for Drug and Gene Delivery, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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358
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Lainé C, Mocquet C, Lemiègre L, Benvegnu T. Regioselective synthesis of folic acid conjugates from diether-type archaeal lipid analogues. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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359
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Carralot JP, Kim TK, Lenseigne B, Boese AS, Sommer P, Genovesio A, Brodin P. Automated High-Throughput siRNA Transfection in Raw 264.7 Macrophages: A Case Study for Optimization Procedure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14:151-60. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057108328762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNAi using siRNA is a very powerful tool for functional genomics to identify new drug targets and biological pathways. Although their use in epithelial cells is relatively easy and straightforward, transfection in other cell types is still challenging. The authors report the optimization of transfection conditions for Raw 267.4 macrophage cells. The herein described procedure makes use of automated confocal microscopy, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)—expressing macrophages, and fluorescently labeled siRNAs to simultaneously quantify both siRNA uptake and silencing efficiency. A comparison of 10 commercial transfectants was performed, leading to the selection of the transfectant giving the highest reproducible knock-down effect without inducing cell toxicity or cell activation. Several buffers used for siRNA/lipid complex assembly were tested, and such a study revealed the crucial importance of this parameter. In addition, a kinetics study led to the determination of the optimal siRNA concentration and the best time window for the assay. In an original approach aimed at simultaneously optimizing both the high-throughput screening process and biological factors, optimal reagent volumes and a process flowchart were defined to ensure robust silencing efficiencies during screening. Such an account should pave the way for future genome-wide RNAi research in macrophages and present an optimization procedure for other “hard-totransfect” cell lines. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:151-160)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae-Kyu Kim
- Biology of Intracellular Pathogens Équipe Avenir Inserm
| | | | - Annette S. Boese
- Cell Biology of Retroviruses, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter Sommer
- Cell Biology of Retroviruses, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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360
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Ito Y, Kawakami S, Charoensit P, Higuchi Y, Hashida M. Evaluation of proinflammatory cytokine production and liver injury induced by plasmid DNA/cationic liposome complexes with various mixing ratios in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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361
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Bruni P, Fino V, Pisani M, Tosi G, Stipa P, Ferraris P, Francescangeli O. 12-Crown-4-based amphipathic lipid and corresponding metal cation complexes for gene therapy applications: FT-IR characterization and surface charge determination. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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362
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Sun P, Zhong M, Shi X, Li Z. Anionic LPD complexes for gene delivery to macrophage: preparation, characterization and transfection in vitro. J Drug Target 2009; 16:668-78. [PMID: 18982515 DOI: 10.1080/10611860802201381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, anionic lipid/peptide/DNA (LPD) complexes consisting of pH-sensitive liposome and protamine were introduced as the carriers targeting RAW 264.7 cell line, which had been reported to be difficult for transfection. The LPD complexes were physically characterized. The pH sensitivities and sizes of liposomes were investigated. The zeta potentials of LPD complexes altered significantly with the addition of protamine sulfate and anionic liposomes. It was demonstrated that the carriers produced an increase in the stability of plasmid DNA against DNase I. The TEM showed that the size distribution of LPD complexes was irregular. In the in vitro transfection, the efficiency of LPD complexes was higher than that of Lipofectamine 2000 and protamine/DNA complexes, but lower than that of electroporation. A possible mechanism for the internalization of plasmid DNA mediated by the anionic LPD complexes was also proposed. With a high safety certificated by MTT assay, LPD complexes prepared in this study might be potentially employed as a macrophage gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peinan Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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363
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Lentacker I, Wang N, Vandenbroucke RE, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Sanders NN. Ultrasound Exposure of Lipoplex Loaded Microbubbles Facilitates Direct Cytoplasmic Entry of the Lipoplexes. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:457-67. [DOI: 10.1021/mp800154s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nan Wang
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek N. Sanders
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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364
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Rea JC, Barron AE, Shea LD. Peptide-mediated lipofection is governed by lipoplex physical properties and the density of surface-displayed amines. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:4794-806. [PMID: 18306277 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peptides can potentiate lipid-mediated gene delivery by modifying lipoplex physiochemical properties to overcome rate-limiting steps to gene transfer. The objectives of this study were to determine the regimes over which cationic peptides enhance lipofection and to investigate the mechanism of action, such as increased cellular association resulting from changes in lipoplex physical properties. Short, cationic peptides were incorporated into lipoplexes by mixing peptide, lipid and DNA. Lipoplexes were characterized using gel retardation, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescent microscopy, and the amount of surface-displayed amines was quantified by fluorescamine. Size, zeta potential, and surface amines for lipoplexes were dependent on peptide/DNA ratio. Inclusion of peptides in lipoplexes resulted in up to a 13-fold increase in percentage of cells transfected, and up to a 76-fold increase in protein expression. This transfection enhancement corresponded to a small particle diameter and positive zeta potential of lipoplexes, as well as increased amount of surface-displayed amines. Relative to lipid alone, these properties of the peptide-modified lipoplexes enhanced cellular association, which has been reported as a rate-limiting step for transfection with lipoplexes. The addition of peptides is a simple method of lipofection enhancement, as direct chemical modification of lipids is not necessary for increased transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Rea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd. E156, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, USA
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365
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Kuvichkin VV, Danev RS, Shigematsu H, Nagayama K. DNA-induced aggregation and fusion of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the presence of multivalent cations observed by the cryo-TEM technique. J Membr Biol 2009; 227:95-103. [PMID: 19122971 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-008-9146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By means of cryoelectron transmission microscopy (cryo-TEM), we were able to demonstrate the formation of ternary complexes (TC): DNA-phosphatidylcholine liposome-divalent metal cations. Addition of Ba2+ to TC led to visualization of DNA compacting on the liposome surface. Staining the TC by Tb3+ cations revealed the changed secondary structure of DNA located between fused liposomes. Cryo-TEM and liposome turbidity data were analyzed during TC formation. Liposome aggregation and the liposome fusion induced by DNA in TC were observed. Because TC displayed the property of DNA cationic liposome complexes as well as their own unique properties, we were able to consider cationic lipoplexes as a particular case of TC. The involvement of TC and direct DNA-lipid interactions in the formation nuclear pore complexes were assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Kuvichkin
- Department of Mechanisms Reception of the Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Reg., Russia.
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366
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Hecker JG, Berger GO, Scarfo KA, Zou S, Nantz MH. A flexible method for the conjugation of aminooxy ligands to preformed complexes of nucleic acids and lipids. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1356-61. [PMID: 18666266 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of targeted ligands to nonviral DNA or RNA delivery systems is a promising strategy that seeks to overcome the poor target selectivity generally observed in systemic delivery applications. Several methods have been developed for the conjugation of ligands to lipids or polymers, however, direct conjugation of ligands onto lipid- or polymer-nucleic acid complexes is not as straightforward. Here, we examine an oximation approach to directly label a lipoplex formulation. Specifically, we report the synthesis of a cationic diketo lipid DMDK, and its use as a convenient ligation tool for attachment of aminooxy-functionalized reagents after its complexation with DNA. We demonstrate the feasibility of direct lipoplex labeling by attaching an aminooxy-functionalized fluorescent probe onto pre-formed plasmid DNA-DMDK lipoplexes (luciferase, GFP). The results reveal that DMDK protects DNA from degradation on exposure to either DNase or human cerebral spinal fluid, and that simple mixing of DMDK lipoplexes with the aminooxy probe labels the complexes without sacrificing transfection efficiency. The biocompatibility and selectivity of this method, as well as the ease of bioconjugation, make this labeling approach ideal for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Hecker
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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367
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368
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Serikawa T, Kikuchi H, Oite T, Tanaka K. Enhancement of Gene Expression Efficiency Using Cationic Liposomes on Ovarian Cancer Cells. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:523-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540802329183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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369
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Kojima C, Hirano Y, Yuba E, Harada A, Kono K. Preparation and characterization of complexes of liposomes with gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 66:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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370
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Lainé C, Mornet E, Lemiègre L, Montier T, Cammas-Marion S, Neveu C, Carmoy N, Lehn P, Benvegnu T. Folate-Equipped Pegylated Archaeal Lipid Derivatives: Synthesis and Transfection Properties. Chemistry 2008; 14:8330-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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371
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Bagnacani V, Sansone F, Donofrio G, Baldini L, Casnati A, Ungaro R. Macrocyclic Nonviral Vectors: High Cell Transfection Efficiency and Low Toxicity in a Lower Rim Guanidinium Calix[4]arene. Org Lett 2008; 10:3953-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bagnacani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy and Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy and Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy and Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy and Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy and Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Rocco Ungaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy and Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
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372
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Gene delivery to dendritic cells mediated by complexes of lipoplexes and pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes. J Control Release 2008; 130:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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373
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RNA interference screen to identify pathways that enhance or reduce nonviral gene transfer during lipofection. Mol Ther 2008; 16:1602-8. [PMID: 18628755 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Some barriers to DNA lipofection are well characterized; however, there is as yet no method of finding unknown pathways that impact the process. A druggable genome small-interfering RNA (siRNA) screen against 5,520 genes was tested for its effect on lipofection of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found 130 gene targets which, when silenced by pooled siRNAs (three siRNAs per gene), resulted in enhanced luminescence after lipofection (86 gene targets showed reduced expression). In confirmation tests with single siRNAs, 18 of the 130 hits showed enhanced lipofection with two or more individual siRNAs in the absence of cytotoxicity. Of these confirmed gene targets, we identified five leading candidates, two of which are isoforms of the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The best candidate siRNA targeted the PPP2R2C gene and produced a 65% increase in luminescence from lipofection, with a quantitative PCR-validated knockdown of approximately 76%. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that the silencing of the PPP2R2C gene resulted in an improvement of 10% in transfection efficiency, thereby demonstrating an increase in the number of transfected cells. These results show that an RNA interference (RNAi) high-throughput screen (HTS) can be applied to nonviral gene transfer. We have also demonstrated that siRNAs can be co-delivered with lipofected DNA to increase the transfection efficiency in vitro.
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374
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Lee JH, Ahn HH, Kim KS, Lee JY, Kim MS, Lee B, Khang G, Lee HB. Polyethyleneimine‐mediated gene delivery into rat pheochromocytoma PC‐12 cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 2:288-95. [DOI: 10.1002/term.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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375
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Pirollo KF, Rait A, Zhou Q, Zhang XQ, Zhou J, Kim CS, Benedict WF, Chang EH. Tumor-targeting nanocomplex delivery of novel tumor suppressor RB94 chemosensitizes bladder carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2190-8. [PMID: 18381961 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE RB94, a truncated form of RB110, has enhanced tumor suppressor potency and activity against all tumor types tested to date including bladder carcinoma. However, efficient, systemic delivery of the gene encoding RB94 specifically to tumors, is an obstacle to clinical application as an anticancer therapeutic. We have developed a systemically given, nanosized liposome DNA delivery system that specifically targets primary and metastatic disease. The ability of RB94, delivered via this nanocomplex, to sensitize bladder carcinoma to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo was assessed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The nanocomplex is an RB94 plasmid encapsulated by a cationic liposome, the surface of which is decorated with a tumor-targeting moiety, either transferrin (Tf/Lip/RB94) or an antitransferrin receptor single-chain antibody fragment (TfRScFv/Lip/RB94). The ability of the complex to sensitize human bladder carcinoma HTB-9 cells to chemotherapeutics was assessed in vitro by XTT assay. In vivo tumor specificity and efficacy were tested in mice carrying HTB-9 tumors by PCR and tumor growth inhibition, respectively. RESULTS Transfection with Tf/Lip/RB94 significantly sensitized HTB-9 cells to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Tumor specificity of the complex was shown in an orthotopic bladder tumor model by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Moreover, in mice bearing subcutaneous HTB-9 tumors, the combination of systemically given Tf/Lip/RB94 or TfRScFv/Lip/RB94 plus gemcitabine resulted in significant (P<0.0005) tumor growth inhibition/regression and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Use of our tumor-targeting nanocomplex to specifically deliver the potent tumor suppressor RB94 efficiently to tumors has potential as a more effective treatment modality for genitourinary and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Pirollo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1469, USA
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376
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Mével M, Breuzard G, Yaouanc JJ, Clément JC, Lehn P, Pichon C, Jaffrès PA, Midoux P. Synthesis and Transfection Activity of New Cationic Phosphoramidate Lipids: High Efficiency of an Imidazolium Derivative. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1462-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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377
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378
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Kim HR, Kim IK, Bae KH, Lee SH, Lee Y, Park TG. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles reconstituted from low density lipoprotein components for delivery of siRNA. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:622-31. [PMID: 18461969 DOI: 10.1021/mp8000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), reconstituted from natural components of protein-free low-density lipoprotein, were used to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cationic SLN was prepared using a modified solvent-emulsification method. The composition was 45% (w/w) cholesteryl ester, 3% (w/w) triglyceride, 10% (w/w) cholesterol, 14% (w/w) dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and 28% (w/w) 3beta-[ N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-chol). The SLN had a mean diameter of 117+/-12 nm and a surface zeta potential value of +41.76+/-2.63 mV. A reducible conjugate of siRNA and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (siRNA-PEG) was anchored onto the surface of SLN via electrostatic interactions, resulting in stable complexes in buffer solution and in even 10% serum. Under an optimal weight ratio of DC-chol of SLN and siRNA-PEG conjugate, the complexes exhibited higher gene silencing efficiency of GFP and VEGF than that of polyethylenimine (PEI) 25K with showing much reduced cell cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry results also showed that siRNA-PEG/SLN complexes were efficiently taken up by cells. Surface-modified and reconstituted protein-free LDL mimicking SLN could be utilized as noncytotoxic, serum-stable, and highly effective carriers for delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ryoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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379
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Cortesi R, Marastoni M, Tomatis R, Menegatti E, Esposito E, Nastruzzi C. Peptide-based cationic molecules for the production of positive charged liposomes and micelles. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:71-81. [PMID: 18246485 DOI: 10.1080/02652040701711403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and the physico-chemical characterization of cationic peptides (CPs) for possible application as non-viral gene delivery systems. Particularly, the production of cationic liposomes and micelle solutions was considered. Liposomes were prepared by REV-phase and extrusion presenting an average diameter reflecting the pore size of the membrane used for the extrusion. After DNA complexation the mean diameter of complexes decreased by increasing the number of positive charges. The non-complexed liposome preparations showed a net positive zeta potential comprised between 17.8-30 mV. After adding Defibrotide (DFT) to liposomes (at a 1:4 +/- molar ratio) the zeta potential fell down to a net negative value indicating the formation of the ionic complex. Concerning micelles, before complexation it was not possible to measure their size by PCS. However, after DFT complexation the size of complexes highly increased. In addition, as previously seen for liposomes, before complexation, the five CPs solutions showed a positive zeta potential ranging from 10-17.8 mV, while after addition of DFT the zeta potential fell to negative values. Concerning toxicity studies, in general CP-liposomes displayed a lower toxicity towards K562 cells as compared to the corresponding CP-solution. Taking into account these results, the studied CPs could be efficiently used to obtain both cationic liposomes and micelles. Moreover they are able to complex DNA with different interaction strength, depending on the type of peptide-based cationic molecule used.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cortesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, Ferrara, Italy.
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380
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Ryan SM, Mantovani G, Wang X, Haddleton DM, Brayden DJ. Advances in PEGylation of important biotech molecules: delivery aspects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:371-83. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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381
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Nguyen DN, Raghavan SS, Tashima LM, Lin EC, Fredette SJ, Langer RS, Wang C. Enhancement of poly(orthoester) microspheres for DNA vaccine delivery by blending with poly(ethylenimine). Biomaterials 2008; 29:2783-93. [PMID: 18400294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(orthoester) (POE) microspheres have been previously shown to possess certain advantages for the in vivo delivery of DNA vaccines. In particular, timing of DNA release from POE microspheres in response to acidic phagosomal pH was shown to be an important factor in determining immunogenicity, which was hypothesized to be linked to the natural progression of antigen-presenting cell uptake, transfection, maturation, and antigen presentation. Here we report in vitro characterization of the enhanced efficacy of POE microspheres by blending poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), a well-characterized cationic transfection agent, into the POE matrix. Blending of a tiny amount of PEI (approximately 0.04 wt%) with POE caused large alterations in POE microsphere properties. PEI provided greater control over the rate of pH-triggered DNA release by doubling the total release time of plasmid DNA and enhanced gene transfection efficiency of the microspheres up to 50-fold without any significant cytotoxicity. Confocal microscopy results of labeled PEI and DNA plasmids revealed that PEI caused a surface-localizing distribution of DNA and PEI within the POE microsphere as well as focal co-localization of PEI with DNA. We provide evidence that upon degradation, the microspheres of POE-PEI blends released electrostatic complexes of DNA and PEI, which are responsible for the enhanced gene transfection. Furthermore, blending PEI into the POE microsphere induced 50-60% greater phenotypic maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro, judged by the up-regulation of co-stimulatory markers on the cell surface. Physically blending PEI with POE is a simple approach for modulating the properties of biodegradable microspheres in terms of gene transfection efficiency and DNA release kinetics. Combined with the ability to induce maturation of antigen-presenting cells, POE-PEI blended microspheres may be excellent carriers for DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Nguyen
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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382
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Sansone F, Baldini L, Casnati A, Ungaro R. Conformationally Mobile Glucosylthioureidocalix[6]- and Calix[8]arenes: Synthesis, Aggregation and Lectin Binding. Supramol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701777344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sansone
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Rocco Ungaro
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
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383
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Cationic liposomal lipids: from gene carriers to cell signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2008; 47:340-7. [PMID: 18424270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lipids are positively charged amphiphilic molecules which, for most of them, form positively charged liposomes, sometimes in combination with a neutral helper lipid. Such liposomes are mainly used as efficient DNA, RNA or protein carriers for gene therapy or immunization trials. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in lipoplex-mediated gene transfection but the interaction of cationic lipids with cell components and the consequences of such an interaction on cell physiology remains poorly described. The data reported in the present review provide evidence that cationic lipids are not just carriers for molecular delivery into cells but do modify cellular pathways and stimulate immune or anti-inflammatory responses. Considering the wide number of cationic lipids currently available and the variety of cellular components that could be involved, it is likely that only a few cationic lipid-dependent functions have been identified so far.
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384
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Khalil IA, Kogure K, Futaki S, Harashima H. Octaarginine-modified liposomes: Enhanced cellular uptake and controlled intracellular trafficking. Int J Pharm 2008; 354:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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385
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Tarwadi, Jazayeri JA, Prankerd RJ, Pouton CW. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of novel lipopeptide transfection agents for efficient gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:940-50. [PMID: 18333604 DOI: 10.1021/bc700463q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy by delivery of nonviral expression vectors is highly desirable, due to their safety, stability, and suitability for production as bulk pharmaceuticals. However, low transfection efficiency remains a limiting factor in application on nonviral gene delivery. Despite recent advances in the field, there are still major obstacles to overcome. In an attempt to construct more efficient nonviral gene delivery vectors, we have designed a series of novel lipopeptide transfection agents, consisting of an alkyl chain, one cysteine, 1 to 4 histidine and 1 to 3 lysine residues. The lipopeptides were designed to facilitate dimerization (by way of the cysteine residues), DNA binding at neutral pH (making use of charged lysine residues), and endosomal escape (by way of weakly basic histidine residues). DNA/lipopeptide complexes were evaluated for their biophysical properties and transfection efficiencies. The number and identity of amino acids incorporated in the lipopeptide construct affected their DNA/lipopeptide complex forming capacity. As the number of lysine residues in the lipopeptide increased, the DNA complexes formed became more stable, had higher zeta potential (particle surface charge), and produced smaller mean particle sizes (typically 110 nm at a charge ratio of 5.0 and 240 nm at a charge ratio of 1.0). The effect of inclusion of histidines in the lipopeptide moiety had the opposite effect on complex formation to lysine, but was necessary for high transfection efficiency. In vitro transfection studies in COS-7 cells revealed that the efficiency of gene delivery of the luciferase encoding plasmid, pCMV-Luc, mediated by all the lipopeptides, was much higher than poly(L-lysine) (PLL), which has no endosomal escape system, and in two cases was slightly higher than that of branched polyethylenimine (PEI). Lipopeptides with at least two lysine residues and at least one histidine residue produced spontaneous transfection complexes with plasmid DNA, indicating that endosomal escape was achieved by incorporation of histidine residues. These low molecular weight peptides can be readily synthesized and purified and offer new insights into the mechanism of action of transfection complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarwadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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386
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Huang QD, Chen H, Zhou LH, Huang J, Wu J, Yu XQ. A Novel Macrocyclic Polyamine Cationic Lipid Containing an Imidazolium Salt Group: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Transfection Activity as a Gene Delivery Vector. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 71:224-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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387
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Brito L, Little S, Langer R, Amiji M. Poly(β-amino ester) and Cationic Phospholipid-Based Lipopolyplexes for Gene Delivery and Transfection in Human Aortic Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1179-87. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7011373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven Little
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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388
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Mann A, Richa R, Ganguli M. DNA condensation by poly-l-lysine at the single molecule level: Role of DNA concentration and polymer length. J Control Release 2008; 125:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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389
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390
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Optimization of stearylamine-based nanoemulsions obtained by spontaneous emulsification process as nucleic acids delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(08)50078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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391
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Kearns MD, Donkor AM, Savva M. Structure-transfection activity studies of novel cationic cholesterol-based amphiphiles. Mol Pharm 2007; 5:128-39. [PMID: 18159927 DOI: 10.1021/mp700131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of DOPE in lipoplex formulations has hampered the establishment of a correlation between cationic lipid structure, biological specificity, and transfection activity, simply because the presence of a helper lipid not only alters the physicochemical properties of the lipoplex but also modifies cell surface specific interactions during the process of transfection. To this end, four cationic cholesterol-based derivatives were synthesized by systematically varying the methylation of the polar headgroup, after which the physicochemical properties, in the absence of DOPE and serum, were correlated with their transfection activity and interaction with cell membranes. It was found that only the primary and secondary amine derivatives, AC-Chol and MC-Chol, respectively, are able to mediate in vitro cell transfection. These results were consistent with fusion experiments and cell internalization studies which illustrated that although cell surface binding occurs for all of the cationic lipids, only the active analogues were able to gain entry into the cytosol. Given the minute differences in the physical properties of these cationic derivatives, we speculate that the biological specificity of the active cationic derivatives either triggers endocytotic pathways leading to eventual endosomal fusion allowing cytoplasmic access to the packaged DNA or other endocytotic pathways that avoid lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molinda D Kearns
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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392
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Faneca H, Faustino A, Pedroso de Lima MC. Synergistic antitumoral effect of vinblastine and HSV-Tk/GCV gene therapy mediated by albumin-associated cationic liposomes. J Control Release 2007; 126:175-84. [PMID: 18201792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in conventional therapeutic approaches for cancer, the frequently observed acquired drug resistance and toxic side effects have limited their clinical application. The main goal of this work was to investigate the combined antitumoral effect of vinblastine with HSV-Tk/GCV "suicide" gene therapy mediated by human serum albumin (HSA)-associated lipoplexes, in mammary adenocarcinoma cells (TSA cells). Our results show that, among the different lipoplex formulations tested, HSA-associated complexes prepared from EPOPC:Chol liposomes, at the (4/1) (+/-) charge ratio, was the most efficient to mediate gene delivery, even in the presence of serum. The simultaneous addition of vinblastine and HSA-EPOPC:Chol/DNA (+/-) (4/1) lipoplexes to TSA cells improved transgene expression more than 10 times. When combined with the HSV-Tk/GCV "suicide" gene therapy mediated by HSA-EPOPC:Chol/DNA (+/-) (4/1) lipoplexes, vinblastine induced a great enhancement in the antitumoral activity in TSA cells. Most importantly, this combined strategy resulted in a significant synergistic effect, thus allowing the use of a much lower dose of the drug to achieve the same therapeutic effect. Overall, our results indicate that this approach has the potential to overcome some major limitations of conventional chemotherapy, and may therefore constitute a promising strategy for future applications in antitumoral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Faneca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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393
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Vandenbroucke RE, Lentacker I, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Sanders NN. Ultrasound assisted siRNA delivery using PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles. J Control Release 2007; 126:265-73. [PMID: 18237813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) attracts much attention for the treatment of various diseases. However, its delivery, especially via systemic routes, remains a challenge. Indeed, naked siRNAs are rapidly degraded, while complexed siRNAs massively aggregate in the blood or are captured by macrophages. Although this can be circumvented by PEGylation, we found that PEGylation had a strong negative effect on the gene silencing efficiency of siRNA-liposome complexes (siPlexes). Recently, ultrasound combined with microbubbles has been used to deliver naked siRNA but the gene silencing efficiency is rather low and very high amounts of siRNA are required. To overcome the negative effects of PEGylation and to enhance the efficiency of ultrasound assisted siRNA delivery, we coupled PEGylated siPlexes (PEG-siPlexes) to microbubbles. Ultrasound radiation of these microbubbles resulted in massive release of unaltered PEG-siPlexes. Interestingly, PEG-siPlexes loaded on microbubbles were able to enter cells after exposure to ultrasound, in contrast to free PEG-siPlexes, which were not able to enter cells rapidly. Furthermore, these PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles induced, in the presence of ultrasound, much higher gene silencing than free PEG-siPlexes. Additionally, the PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles only silenced the expression of genes in the presence of ultrasound, which allows space and time controlled gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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394
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Spelios M, Savva M. Novel N,N '-diacyl-1,3-diaminopropyl-2-carbamoyl bivalent cationic lipids for gene delivery--synthesis, in vitro transfection activity, and physicochemical characterization. FEBS J 2007; 275:148-62. [PMID: 18067582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel N,N'-diacyl-1,3-diaminopropyl-2-carbamoyl bivalent cationic lipids were synthesized and their physicochemical properties in lamellar assemblies with and without plasmid DNA were evaluated to elucidate the structural requirements of these double-chained pH-sensitive surfactants for potent non-viral gene delivery and expression. The highest in vitro transfection efficacies were induced at +/-4:1 by the dimyristoyl, dipalmitoyl and dioleoyl derivatives 1,3lb2, 1,3lb3 and 1,3lb5, respectively, without inclusion of helper lipids. Transfection activities were reduced in the presence of either 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine alone or in combination with cholesterol for all derivatives except 1,3lb5, which maintained reporter gene expression levels at +/-4:1 and yielded increased lipofection activity at a lower charge ratio of +/-2:1. Ethidium bromide displacement indicated efficient plasmid DNA binding and compaction by the transfection-competent analogs. Dynamic light-scattering and electrophoretic mobility studies revealed lipoplexes of the active lipids with large particle sizes (mean diameter>or=500 nm) and zeta potentials with positive values (low ionic strength) or below neutrality (high ionic strength). Langmuir film balance studies showed high in-plane elasticity of these derivatives in isolation. In agreement with the monolayer experiments, fluorescence polarization studies verified the fluid nature of the highly transfection-efficient amphiphiles, with gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transitions below physiological temperature. The active compounds also interacted with endosome-mimicking vesicles to a greater extent than the poorly active derivative 1,3lb4, as revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments. Taken together, the results suggest that well-hydrated and highly elastic cationic lipids with increased acyl chain fluidity and minimal cytotoxicity elicit high transfection activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spelios
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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395
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Baumann MJ, Stadler BM, Vogel M. Potential applications of designed ankyrin repeat proteins in diagnostics and therapeutics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:409-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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396
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Mudhakir D, Akita H, Tan E, Harashima H. A novel IRQ ligand-modified nano-carrier targeted to a unique pathway of caveolar endocytic pathway. J Control Release 2007; 125:164-73. [PMID: 18054812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cellular uptake and subsequent intracellular trafficking of liposomes was investigated, in which a novel peptide (IRQ), identified with in vivo phage display, was modified on the surface. Since the novel peptide IRQRRRR is rich in arginine, the cellular uptake mechanism was compared with octaarginine (R8)-modified liposomes, which are known to be taken up by cells via macropinocytosis. The uptake mechanism and intracellular trafficking of peptide-modified liposomes was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Modification of the liposomal surface with the IRQ peptide (IRQ-Lip), induced internalization via a novel pathway-caveolar endocytosis-in parallel with clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, the IRQ peptide stimulated escape from endocytic vesicles, leading to efficient gene silencing. When siRNA was condensed and encapsulated in an IRQ-modified multifunctional envelope-type nano-device (IRQ-MEND), transgene expression was reduced 52% with the fusogenic lipid, DOPE/CHEMS. This result shows that the novel IRQ can be utilized for cytoplasmic delivery of macromolecules. Moreover, the IRQ has the potential to be useful for delivery therapeutic agents to parenchymal cells via caveolar endocytosis, as this uptake pathway also plays an important role in transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diky Mudhakir
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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397
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Wang XL, Ramusovic S, Nguyen T, Lu ZR. Novel Polymerizable Surfactants with pH-Sensitive Amphiphilicity and Cell Membrane Disruption for Efficient siRNA Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:2169-77. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700285q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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398
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Margineanu A, De Feyter S, Melnikov S, Marchand D, van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P, Habuchi S, De Schryver FC, Hofkens J. Complexation of lipofectamine and cholesterol-modified DNA sequences studied by single-molecule fluorescence techniques. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3382-92. [PMID: 17958438 DOI: 10.1021/bm700486q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoplex formation for normal and cholesterol-modified oligonucleotides is investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). To overcome the problems related to the fitting of autocorrelation curves when fluorescence bursts are present, the baseline fluorescence levels and the fluorescence bursts in the same trace were separately analyzed. This approach was not previously used in FCS studies of lipoplexes and allowed a more detailed characterization of this heterogeneous system. From the baseline levels, the number of free/bound DNA molecules and the presence of tens to hundreds of nanometer-sized lipoplexes were estimated using various mathematical models. Analysis of the fluorescent bursts provided an indication about the sizes of the lipoplexes, the number of DNA molecules in these aggregates, and the relative amount of lipids in each aggregate. An explanation for the higher transfection efficiency previously reported for one of the cholesterol-modified oligonucleotide compounds was found in relation to the formation of large size lipoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Margineanu
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, Belgium
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399
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Bergen JM, Park IK, Horner PJ, Pun SH. Nonviral approaches for neuronal delivery of nucleic acids. Pharm Res 2007; 25:983-98. [PMID: 17932730 PMCID: PMC2292496 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to neurons has the potential to treat neurological disease and spinal cord injury. While select viral vectors have shown promise as gene carriers to neurons, their potential as therapeutic agents is limited by their toxicity and immunogenicity, their broad tropism, and the cost of large-scale formulation. Nonviral vectors are an attractive alternative in that they offer improved safety profiles compared to viruses, are less expensive to produce, and can be targeted to specific neuronal subpopulations. However, most nonviral vectors suffer from significantly lower transfection efficiencies than neurotropic viruses, severely limiting their utility in neuron-targeted delivery applications. To realize the potential of nonviral delivery technology in neurons, vectors must be designed to overcome a series of extra- and intracellular barriers. In this article, we describe the challenges preventing successful nonviral delivery of nucleic acids to neurons and review strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Bergen
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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400
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Hu Y, Litwin T, Nagaraja AR, Kwong B, Katz J, Watson N, Irvine DJ. Cytosolic delivery of membrane-impermeable molecules in dendritic cells using pH-responsive core-shell nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:3056-64. [PMID: 17887715 DOI: 10.1021/nl071542i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycations that absorb protons in response to the acidification of endosomes can theoretically disrupt these vesicles via the "proton sponge" effect. To exploit this mechanism, we created nanoparticles with a segregated core-shell structure for efficient, noncytotoxic intracellular drug delivery. Cross-linked polymer nanoparticles were synthesized with a pH-responsive core and hydrophilic charged shell designed to disrupt endosomes and mediate drug/cell binding, respectively. By sequestering the relatively hydrophobic pH-responsive core component within a more hydrophilic pH-insensitive shell, nontoxic delivery of small molecules and proteins to the cytosol was achieved in dendritic cells, a key cell type of interest in the context of vaccines and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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