1
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Sanchez LA, Tang M, Ahmed A, Nussbaum JC, Nguyen DN, Muskat M, Chen XH, Pham MN. Transition of care in inborn errors of immunity: Outcomes of a single-center quality improvement initiative. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:2245-2247.e1. [PMID: 37119980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Sanchez
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Monica Tang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Aisha Ahmed
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jesse C Nussbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - David N Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Mica Muskat
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Michele N Pham
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
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2
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Foss DV, Muldoon JJ, Nguyen DN, Carr D, Sahu SU, Hunsinger JM, Wyman SK, Krishnappa N, Mendonsa R, Schanzer EV, Shy BR, Vykunta VS, Allain V, Li Z, Marson A, Eyquem J, Wilson RC. Peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes for the efficient editing of primary human lymphocytes. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:647-660. [PMID: 37147433 PMCID: PMC10129304 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated genome editing of primary human lymphocytes is typically carried out via electroporation, which can be cytotoxic, cumbersome and costly. Here we show that the yields of edited primary human lymphocytes can be increased substantially by delivering a CRISPR ribonucleoprotein mixed with an amphiphilic peptide identified through screening. We evaluated the performance of this simple delivery method by knocking out genes in T cells, B cells and natural killer cells via the delivery of Cas9 or Cas12a ribonucleoproteins or an adenine base editor. We also show that peptide-mediated ribonucleoprotein delivery paired with an adeno-associated-virus-mediated homology-directed repair template can introduce a chimaeric antigen receptor gene at the T-cell receptor α constant locus, and that the engineered cells display antitumour potency in mice. The method is minimally perturbative, does not require dedicated hardware, and is compatible with multiplexed editing via sequential delivery, which minimizes the risk of genotoxicity. The peptide-mediated intracellular delivery of ribonucleoproteins may facilitate the manufacturing of engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana V Foss
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph J Muldoon
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Carr
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srishti U Sahu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John M Hunsinger
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stacia K Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Rima Mendonsa
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elaine V Schanzer
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Shy
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivasvan S Vykunta
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Allain
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Justin Eyquem
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ross C Wilson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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3
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Sasaki D, Suppasri A, Tsukuda H, Nguyen DN, Onoda Y, Imamura F. People's Perception of Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12146. [PMID: 36231446 PMCID: PMC9565944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine people's perception of well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and quantitatively clarify key factors towards realizing evidence-based policymaking. In March 2022, 400 participants responded to a survey conducted through Rakuten Insight. The authors applied an ordinal logistic regression (OLR), followed by principal component analysis (PCA), to create a new compound indicator (CI) to represent people's perception of well-being during the pandemic in addition to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with a forward-backward stepwise selection method, where the dependent variable is the principal component score of the first principal component (PC1), while the independent variables are the same as the abovementioned OLR. Consequently, while analyzing OLR, some independent variables showed statistical significance, while the CI provided an option to grasp people's perception of well-being. Furthermore, family structure was statistically significant in all cases of OLR and OLS. Moreover, in terms of the standardized coefficients (beta) of OLS, the family structure had the greatest impact on the CI. Based on the study results, the authors advocate that the Japanese government should pay more attention to single-person households affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sasaki
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Anawat Suppasri
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsukuda
- Department of Architecture and Building Science, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - David N. Nguyen
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Onoda
- Department of Architecture and Building Science, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Imamura
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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4
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Bohata J, Nguyen DN, Spáčil J, Komanec M, Ortega B, Vallejo L, Ghassemlooy Z, Zvánovec S. Experimental comparison of DSB and CS-DSB mmW formats over a hybrid fiber and FSO fronthaul network for 5G. Opt Express 2021; 29:27768-27782. [PMID: 34615186 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The telecommunication world is experiencing the 5th generation (5G) networks deployment including the use of millimeter wave (mmW) frequency bands to satisfy capacity demands. This leads to the extensive use of optical communications, especially the optical fiber connectivity at the last mile access and the edge networks. In this paper we outline fiber and free space optics (FSO) technologies for use as part of the 5G optical fronthaul network. We investigate two different mmW transmission schemes based on (i) the conventional analog radio over fiber transmission using one Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with double sideband (DSB) optical modulation, and (ii) an optical-based frequency doubling with one MZM biased at the null point to introduce carrier suppression DSB (CS DSB) transmission and second MZM used for data modulation. Both systems are assessed in terms of the error vector magnitude, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range and phase noise. We consider a configuration for the fronthaul network in the frequency range 2 (FR2) at 27 and 39 GHz with the scale of bandwidth up to 400 MHz with M-quadrature amplitude modulation and quadrature phase shift keying. Results are also shown for FR1 at 3.5 GHz. Moreover, we investigate for the first time the 5G new radio signal transmission under strong turbulence conditions and show the turbulence-induced FSO link impairment. We finally demonstrate the CS DSB scheme performs well under chromatic dispersion-induced fading for the frequency up to 40 GHz and single mode fiber length of 30 km, whereas the DSB format seems more appropriate for an antenna seamless transmission.
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5
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Gallman AE, Wolfreys FD, Nguyen DN, Sandy M, Xu Y, An J, Li Z, Marson A, Lu E, Cyster JG. Abcc1 and Ggt5 support lymphocyte guidance through export and catabolism of S-geranylgeranyl-l-glutathione. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg1101. [PMID: 34088745 PMCID: PMC8458272 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P2RY8 promotes the confinement and growth regulation of germinal center (GC) B cells, and loss of human P2RY8 is associated with B cell lymphomagenesis. The metabolite S-geranylgeranyl-l-glutathione (GGG) is a P2RY8 ligand. The mechanisms controlling GGG distribution are poorly understood. Here, we show that gamma-glutamyltransferase-5 (Ggt5) expression in stromal cells was required for GGG catabolism and confinement of P2RY8-expressing cells to GCs. We identified the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (Abcc1) as a GGG transporter and showed that Abcc1 expression by hematopoietic cells was necessary for P2RY8-mediated GC confinement. Furthermore, we discovered that P2RY8 and GGG negatively regulated trafficking of B and T cells to the bone marrow (BM). P2RY8 loss-of-function human T cells increased their BM homing. By defining how GGG distribution was determined and identifying sites of P2RY8 activity, this work helps establish how disruptions in P2RY8 function contribute to lymphomagenesis and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E Gallman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Finn D Wolfreys
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Moriah Sandy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Erick Lu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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6
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Le Coz C, Nguyen DN, Su C, Nolan BE, Albrecht AV, Xhani S, Sun D, Demaree B, Pillarisetti P, Khanna C, Wright F, Chen PA, Yoon S, Stiegler AL, Maurer K, Garifallou JP, Rymaszewski A, Kroft SH, Olson TS, Seif AE, Wertheim G, Grant SFA, Vo LT, Puck JM, Sullivan KE, Routes JM, Zakharova V, Shcherbina A, Mukhina A, Rudy NL, Hurst ACE, Atkinson TP, Boggon TJ, Hakonarson H, Abate AR, Hajjar J, Nicholas SK, Lupski JR, Verbsky J, Chinn IK, Gonzalez MV, Wells AD, Marson A, Poon GMK, Romberg N. Constrained chromatin accessibility in PU.1-mutated agammaglobulinemia patients. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212070. [PMID: 33951726 PMCID: PMC8105723 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneer transcription factor (TF) PU.1 controls hematopoietic cell fate by decompacting stem cell heterochromatin and allowing nonpioneer TFs to enter otherwise inaccessible genomic sites. PU.1 deficiency fatally arrests lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in mice, but human congenital PU.1 disorders have not previously been described. We studied six unrelated agammaglobulinemic patients, each harboring a heterozygous mutation (four de novo, two unphased) of SPI1, the gene encoding PU.1. Affected patients lacked circulating B cells and possessed few conventional dendritic cells. Introducing disease-similar SPI1 mutations into human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells impaired early in vitro B cell and myeloid cell differentiation. Patient SPI1 mutations encoded destabilized PU.1 proteins unable to nuclear localize or bind target DNA. In PU.1-haploinsufficient pro–B cell lines, euchromatin was less accessible to nonpioneer TFs critical for B cell development, and gene expression patterns associated with the pro– to pre–B cell transition were undermined. Our findings molecularly describe a novel form of agammaglobulinemia and underscore PU.1’s critical, dose-dependent role as a hematopoietic euchromatin gatekeeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Le Coz
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Gladstone-University of California San Francisco Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chun Su
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian E Nolan
- Division of Rheumatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Amanda V Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suela Xhani
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin Demaree
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,University of California Berkeley-University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Piyush Pillarisetti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Caroline Khanna
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Francis Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peixin Amy Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Gladstone-University of California San Francisco Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Samuel Yoon
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly Maurer
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James P Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy Rymaszewski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Steven H Kroft
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Timothy S Olson
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alix E Seif
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gerald Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,University of California San Francsico Institute for Human Genetics and Smith Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John M Routes
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Viktoria Zakharova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mukhina
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natasha L Rudy
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - T Prescott Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,University of California Berkeley-University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joud Hajjar
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah K Nicholas
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Houston, TX
| | - James Verbsky
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael V Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alex Marson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Gladstone-University of California San Francisco Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gregory M K Poon
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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7
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Ng DL, Granados AC, Santos YA, Servellita V, Goldgof GM, Meydan C, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Levine AG, Balcerek J, Han LM, Akagi N, Truong K, Neumann NM, Nguyen DN, Bapat SP, Cheng J, Martin CSS, Federman S, Foox J, Gopez A, Li T, Chan R, Chu CS, Wabl CA, Gliwa AS, Reyes K, Pan CY, Guevara H, Wadford D, Miller S, Mason CE, Chiu CY. A diagnostic host response biosignature for COVID-19 from RNA profiling of nasal swabs and blood. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe5984. [PMID: 33536218 PMCID: PMC7857687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has emerged as the cause of a global pandemic. We used RNA sequencing to analyze 286 nasopharyngeal (NP) swab and 53 whole-blood (WB) samples from 333 patients with COVID-19 and controls. Overall, a muted immune response was observed in COVID-19 relative to other infections (influenza, other seasonal coronaviruses, and bacterial sepsis), with paradoxical down-regulation of several key differentially expressed genes. Hospitalized patients and outpatients exhibited up-regulation of interferon-associated pathways, although heightened and more robust inflammatory responses were observed in hospitalized patients with more clinically severe illness. Two-layer machine learning-based host classifiers consisting of complete (>1000 genes), medium (<100), and small (<20) gene biomarker panels identified COVID-19 disease with 85.1-86.5% accuracy when benchmarked using an independent test set. SARS-CoV-2 infection has a distinct biosignature that differs between NP swabs and WB and can be leveraged for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna L Ng
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea C Granados
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yale A Santos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Goldgof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Balcerek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucy M Han
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Akagi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kent Truong
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil M Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Sanchez-San Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scot Federman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan Gopez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ray Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia S Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiara A Wabl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia S Gliwa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Reyes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chao-Yang Pan
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Hugo Guevara
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Debra Wadford
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Whitman JD, Hiatt J, Mowery CT, Shy BR, Yu R, Yamamoto TN, Rathore U, Goldgof GM, Whitty C, Woo JM, Gallman AE, Miller TE, Levine AG, Nguyen DN, Bapat SP, Balcerek J, Bylsma SA, Lyons AM, Li S, Wong AWY, Gillis-Buck EM, Steinhart ZB, Lee Y, Apathy R, Lipke MJ, Smith JA, Zheng T, Boothby IC, Isaza E, Chan J, Acenas DD, Lee J, Macrae TA, Kyaw TS, Wu D, Ng DL, Gu W, York VA, Eskandarian HA, Callaway PC, Warrier L, Moreno ME, Levan J, Torres L, Farrington LA, Loudermilk RP, Koshal K, Zorn KC, Garcia-Beltran WF, Yang D, Astudillo MG, Bernstein BE, Gelfand JA, Ryan ET, Charles RC, Iafrate AJ, Lennerz JK, Miller S, Chiu CY, Stramer SL, Wilson MR, Manglik A, Ye CJ, Krogan NJ, Anderson MS, Cyster JG, Ernst JD, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Bern C, Hsu PD, Marson A. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serology assays reveals a range of test performance. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:1174-1183. [PMID: 32855547 PMCID: PMC7740072 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate use and interpretation of serological tests for assessments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure, infection and potential immunity require accurate data on assay performance. We conducted a head-to-head evaluation of ten point-of-care-style lateral flow assays (LFAs) and two laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in 5-d time intervals from symptom onset and studied the specificity of each assay in pre-coronavirus disease 2019 specimens. The percent of seropositive individuals increased with time, peaking in the latest time interval tested (>20 d after symptom onset). Test specificity ranged from 84.3% to 100.0% and was predominantly affected by variability in IgM results. LFA specificity could be increased by considering weak bands as negative, but this decreased detection of antibodies (sensitivity) in a subset of SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR-positive cases. Our results underline the importance of seropositivity threshold determination and reader training for reliable LFA deployment. Although there was no standout serological assay, four tests achieved more than 80% positivity at later time points tested and more than 95% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Whitman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Shy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tori N Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ujjwal Rathore
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Goldgof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Whitty
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Woo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonia E Gallman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew G Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Balcerek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophia A Bylsma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ana M Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Allison Wai-Yi Wong
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva Mae Gillis-Buck
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary B Steinhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Apathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Lipke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Anne Smith
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tina Zheng
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian C Boothby
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Isaza
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Quantitative Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jackie Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dante D Acenas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trisha A Macrae
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Than S Kyaw
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dianna L Ng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa A York
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haig Alexander Eskandarian
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary E Moreno
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justine Levan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonel Torres
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lila A Farrington
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita P Loudermilk
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kanishka Koshal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey C Zorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Diane Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Astudillo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Gelfand
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caryn Bern
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick D Hsu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Marson
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Ng DL, Goldgof GM, Shy BR, Levine AG, Balcerek J, Bapat SP, Prostko J, Rodgers M, Coller K, Pearce S, Franz S, Du L, Stone M, Pillai SK, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Martin CSS, Granados A, Glasner DR, Han LM, Truong K, Akagi N, Nguyen DN, Neumann NM, Qazi D, Hsu E, Gu W, Santos YA, Custer B, Green V, Williamson P, Hills NK, Lu CM, Whitman JD, Stramer SL, Wang C, Reyes K, Hakim JMC, Sujishi K, Alazzeh F, Pham L, Thornborrow E, Oon CY, Miller S, Kurtz T, Simmons G, Hackett J, Busch MP, Chiu CY. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4698. [PMID: 32943630 PMCID: PMC7499171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the limited availability of serological testing to date, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in different populations has remained unclear. Here, we report very low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two San Francisco Bay Area populations. Seroreactivity was 0.26% in 387 hospitalized patients admitted for non-respiratory indications and 0.1% in 1,000 blood donors in early April 2020. We additionally describe the longitudinal dynamics of immunoglobulin-G (IgG), immunoglobulin-M (IgM), and in vitro neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients. The median time to seroconversion ranged from 10.3-11.0 days for these 3 assays. Neutralizing antibodies rose in tandem with immunoglobulin titers following symptom onset, and positive percent agreement between detection of IgG and neutralizing titers was >93%. These findings emphasize the importance of using highly accurate tests for surveillance studies in low-prevalence populations, and provide evidence that seroreactivity using SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG and anti-spike IgM assays are generally predictive of in vitro neutralizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna L Ng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Goldgof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Shy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Balcerek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Mary Rodgers
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Coller
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Pearce
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Sergej Franz
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Sanchez San Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Granados
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dustin R Glasner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucy M Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kent Truong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Akagi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil M Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Qazi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yale A Santos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy K Hills
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chuanyi M Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Whitman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Candace Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Reyes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill M C Hakim
- Department of Medicine at ZSFG, The Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirk Sujishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fariba Alazzeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori Pham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward Thornborrow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Ying Oon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Hackett
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Ng DL, Goldgof GM, Shy BR, Levine AG, Balcerek J, Bapat SP, Prostko J, Rodgers M, Coller K, Pearce S, Franz S, Du L, Stone M, Pillai SK, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Martin CSS, Granados A, Glasner DR, Han LM, Truong K, Akagi N, Nguyen DN, Neumann NM, Qazi D, Hsu E, Gu W, Santos YA, Custer B, Green V, Williamson P, Hills NK, Lu CM, Whitman JD, Stramer S, Wang C, Reyes K, Hakim JM, Sujishi K, Alazzeh F, Pham L, Oon CY, Miller S, Kurtz T, Hackett J, Simmons G, Busch MP, Chiu CY. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood from the San Francisco Bay Area. medRxiv 2020:2020.05.19.20107482. [PMID: 32511477 PMCID: PMC7273245 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report very low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two San Francisco Bay Area populations. Seropositivity was 0.26% in 387 hospitalized patients admitted for non-respiratory indications and 0.1% in 1,000 blood donors. We additionally describe the longitudinal dynamics of immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-M, and in vitro neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing antibodies rise in tandem with immunoglobulin levels following symptom onset, exhibiting median time to seroconversion within one day of each other, and there is >93% positive percent agreement between detection of immunoglobulin-G and neutralizing titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna L. Ng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M. Goldgof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian R. Shy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G. Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Balcerek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sagar P. Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Mary Rodgers
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Coller
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Sandy Pearce
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Sergej Franz
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Sanchez San Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Granados
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dustin R. Glasner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucy M. Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kent Truong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Akagi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil M. Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Qazi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yale A. Santos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy K. Hills
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chuanyi M. Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Lab Medicine Service, San Francisco VA Healthcare System
| | - Jeffrey D. Whitman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Candace Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Reyes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill M.C. Hakim
- Department of Medicine at ZSFG, the Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine
| | - Kirk Sujishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fariba Alazzeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori Pham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Ying Oon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Hackett
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Whitman JD, Hiatt J, Mowery CT, Shy BR, Yu R, Yamamoto TN, Rathore U, Goldgof GM, Whitty C, Woo JM, Gallman AE, Miller TE, Levine AG, Nguyen DN, Bapat SP, Balcerek J, Bylsma SA, Lyons AM, Li S, Wong AWY, Gillis-Buck EM, Steinhart ZB, Lee Y, Apathy R, Lipke MJ, Smith JA, Zheng T, Boothby IC, Isaza E, Chan J, Acenas DD, Lee J, Macrae TA, Kyaw TS, Wu D, Ng DL, Gu W, York VA, Eskandarian HA, Callaway PC, Warrier L, Moreno ME, Levan J, Torres L, Farrington LA, Loudermilk R, Koshal K, Zorn KC, Garcia-Beltran WF, Yang D, Astudillo MG, Bernstein BE, Gelfand JA, Ryan ET, Charles RC, Iafrate AJ, Lennerz JK, Miller S, Chiu CY, Stramer SL, Wilson MR, Manglik A, Ye CJ, Krogan NJ, Anderson MS, Cyster JG, Ernst JD, Wu AHB, Lynch KL, Bern C, Hsu PD, Marson A. Test performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. medRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32511497 PMCID: PMC7273265 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20074856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serological tests are crucial tools for assessments of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, infection and potential immunity. Their appropriate use and interpretation require accurate assay performance data. Method: We conducted an evaluation of 10 lateral flow assays (LFAs) and two ELISAs to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The specimen set comprised 128 plasma or serum samples from 79 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive individuals; 108 pre-COVID-19 negative controls; and 52 recent samples from individuals who underwent respiratory viral testing but were not diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Samples were blinded and LFA results were interpreted by two independent readers, using a standardized intensity scoring system. Results: Among specimens from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive individuals, the percent seropositive increased with time interval, peaking at 81.8–100.0% in samples taken >20 days after symptom onset. Test specificity ranged from 84.3–100.0% in pre-COVID-19 specimens. Specificity was higher when weak LFA bands were considered negative, but this decreased sensitivity. IgM detection was more variable than IgG, and detection was highest when IgM and IgG results were combined. Agreement between ELISAs and LFAs ranged from 75.7–94.8%. No consistent cross-reactivity was observed. Conclusion: Our evaluation showed heterogeneous assay performance. Reader training is key to reliable LFA performance, and can be tailored for survey goals. Informed use of serology will require evaluations covering the full spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infections, from asymptomatic and mild infection to severe disease, and later convalescence. Well-designed studies to elucidate the mechanisms and serological correlates of protective immunity will be crucial to guide rational clinical and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Whitman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian R Shy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ruby Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tori N Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ujjwal Rathore
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gregory M Goldgof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Caroline Whitty
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jonathan M Woo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonia E Gallman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew G Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joanna Balcerek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sophia A Bylsma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Ana M Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Stacy Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Allison Wai-Yi Wong
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eva Mae Gillis-Buck
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zachary B Steinhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryan Apathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mitchell J Lipke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer Anne Smith
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tina Zheng
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ian C Boothby
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erin Isaza
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Program in Quantitative Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jackie Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dante D Acenas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trisha A Macrae
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Than S Kyaw
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dianna L Ng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vanessa A York
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Haig Alexander Eskandarian
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Mary E Moreno
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Justine Levan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Leonel Torres
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Lila A Farrington
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Rita Loudermilk
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kanishka Koshal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kelsey C Zorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Diane Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Astudillo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Gelfand
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Wilson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Caryn Bern
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick D Hsu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Roth TL, Li PJ, Blaeschke F, Nies JF, Apathy R, Mowery C, Yu R, Nguyen MLT, Lee Y, Truong A, Hiatt J, Wu D, Nguyen DN, Goodman D, Bluestone JA, Ye CJ, Roybal K, Shifrut E, Marson A. Pooled Knockin Targeting for Genome Engineering of Cellular Immunotherapies. Cell 2020; 181:728-744.e21. [PMID: 32302591 PMCID: PMC7219528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of genetically modified immune cells holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. CRISPR knockin targeting can improve cell therapies, but more high-throughput methods are needed to test which knockin gene constructs most potently enhance primary cell functions in vivo. We developed a widely adaptable technology to barcode and track targeted integrations of large non-viral DNA templates and applied it to perform pooled knockin screens in primary human T cells. Pooled knockin of dozens of unique barcoded templates into the T cell receptor (TCR)-locus revealed gene constructs that enhanced fitness in vitro and in vivo. We further developed pooled knockin sequencing (PoKI-seq), combining single-cell transcriptome analysis and pooled knockin screening to measure cell abundance and cell state ex vivo and in vivo. This platform nominated a novel transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) R2-41BB chimeric receptor that improved solid tumor clearance. Pooled knockin screening enables parallelized re-writing of endogenous genetic sequences to accelerate discovery of knockin programs for cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore L Roth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - P Jonathan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Franziska Blaeschke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jasper F Nies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Apathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cody Mowery
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L T Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Truong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goodman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kole Roybal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Shifrut
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Wienert B, Nguyen DN, Guenther A, Feng SJ, Locke MN, Wyman SK, Shin J, Kazane KR, Gregory GL, Carter MAM, Wright F, Conklin BR, Marson A, Richardson CD, Corn JE. Timed inhibition of CDC7 increases CRISPR-Cas9 mediated templated repair. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2109. [PMID: 32355159 PMCID: PMC7193628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) can result in gene disruption or gene modification via homology directed repair (HDR) from donor DNA. Altering cellular responses to DSBs may rebalance editing outcomes towards HDR and away from other repair outcomes. Here, we utilize a pooled CRISPR screen to define host cell involvement in HDR between a Cas9 DSB and a plasmid double stranded donor DNA (dsDonor). We find that the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is required for dsDonor HDR and that other genes act to repress HDR. Small molecule inhibition of one of these repressors, CDC7, by XL413 and other inhibitors increases the efficiency of HDR by up to 3.5 fold in many contexts, including primary T cells. XL413 stimulates HDR during a reversible slowing of S-phase that is unexplored for Cas9-induced HDR. We anticipate that XL413 and other such rationally developed inhibitors will be useful tools for gene modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Wienert
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alexis Guenther
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sharon J Feng
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | - Melissa N Locke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | - Stacia K Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | - Jiyung Shin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katelynn R Kazane
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | | | | | - Francis Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alex Marson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, 94129, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Chris D Richardson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Nguyen DN, Roth TL, Li PJ, Chen PA, Apathy R, Mamedov MR, Vo LT, Tobin VR, Goodman D, Shifrut E, Bluestone JA, Puck JM, Szoka FC, Marson A. Polymer-stabilized Cas9 nanoparticles and modified repair templates increase genome editing efficiency. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:44-49. [PMID: 31819258 PMCID: PMC6954310 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Versatile and precise genome modifications are needed to create a wider range of adoptive cellular therapies1-5. Here we report two improvements that increase the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing in clinically relevant primary cell types. Truncated Cas9 target sequences (tCTSs) added at the ends of the homology-directed repair (HDR) template interact with Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to shuttle the template to the nucleus, enhancing HDR efficiency approximately two- to fourfold. Furthermore, stabilizing Cas9 RNPs into nanoparticles with polyglutamic acid further improves editing efficiency by approximately twofold, reduces toxicity, and enables lyophilized storage without loss of activity. Combining the two improvements increases gene targeting efficiency even at reduced HDR template doses, yielding approximately two to six times as many viable edited cells across multiple genomic loci in diverse cell types, such as bulk (CD3+) T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), γδ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and primary and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived6 hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Jonathan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peixin Amy Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Apathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Murad R Mamedov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria R Tobin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goodman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eric Shifrut
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francis C Szoka
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Lowe MM, Boothby I, Clancy S, Ahn RS, Liao W, Nguyen DN, Schumann K, Marson A, Mahuron KM, Kingsbury GA, Liu Z, Munoz Sandoval P, Rodriguez RS, Pauli ML, Taravati K, Arron ST, Neuhaus IM, Harris HW, Kim EA, Shin US, Krummel MF, Daud A, Scharschmidt TC, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells use arginase 2 to enhance their metabolic fitness in tissues. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129756. [PMID: 31852848 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct subsets of Tregs reside in nonlymphoid tissues where they mediate unique functions. To interrogate the biology of tissue Tregs in human health and disease, we phenotypically and functionally compared healthy skin Tregs with those in peripheral blood, inflamed psoriatic skin, and metastatic melanoma. The mitochondrial enzyme, arginase 2 (ARG2), was preferentially expressed in Tregs in healthy skin, increased in Tregs in metastatic melanoma, and reduced in Tregs from psoriatic skin. ARG2 enhanced Treg suppressive capacity in vitro and conferred a selective advantage for accumulation in inflamed tissues in vivo. CRISPR-mediated deletion of this gene in primary human Tregs was sufficient to skew away from a tissue Treg transcriptional signature. Notably, the inhibition of ARG2 increased mTOR signaling, whereas the overexpression of this enzyme suppressed it. Taken together, our results suggest that Tregs express ARG2 in human tissues to both regulate inflammation and enhance their metabolic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Boothby
- Department of Dermatology.,Medical Scientist Training Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Liu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Esther A Kim
- Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Uk Sok Shin
- Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Que AT, Nguyen DN, Do NA, Le TA. Dirofilariasis in Vietnam: A case report and brief review. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:475-481. [PMID: 33597409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a rare case of ophthalmic dirofilariasis in a 68-year-old woman with red and foreign body sensation in the pterygium on her right eye. Slit lamp examination demonstrated a long-slender worm moving in her pterygium. The worm was removed surgically and then identified as Diroflaria repens by sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene. The situation of dirofilariasis in Vietnam has been reviewed. Since the first described case in 2010 there have been thirteen cases reported that suggested the emerging trend of the disease. Most of the documented cases of human dirofilariasis recorded in Vietnam presented with ocular infections and the responsible agent was D. repens. With the increase of reported cases of human, much more attention should be paid on control as well as diagnosis and treatment of dirofilariasis in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Que
- Department of Tropical disease, Vinh Hospital of Frienship General, Lenin boulevard, Vinh, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | - D N Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, 103 hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - N A Do
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - T A Le
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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17
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Rovang DC, Lamppa DC, Cuneo ME, Owen AC, McKenney J, Johnson DW, Radovich S, Kaye RJ, McBride RD, Alexander CS, Awe TJ, Slutz SA, Sefkow AB, Haill TA, Jones PA, Argo JW, Dalton DG, Robertson GK, Waisman EM, Sinars DB, Meissner J, Milhous M, Nguyen DN, Mielke CH. Pulsed-coil magnet systems for applying uniform 10-30 T fields to centimeter-scale targets on Sandia's Z facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:124701. [PMID: 25554308 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sandia has successfully integrated the capability to apply uniform, high magnetic fields (10-30 T) to high energy density experiments on the Z facility. This system uses an 8-mF, 15-kV capacitor bank to drive large-bore (5 cm diameter), high-inductance (1-3 mH) multi-turn, multi-layer electromagnets that slowly magnetize the conductive targets used on Z over several milliseconds (time to peak field of 2-7 ms). This system was commissioned in February 2013 and has been used successfully to magnetize more than 30 experiments up to 10 T that have produced exciting and surprising physics results. These experiments used split-magnet topologies to maintain diagnostic lines of sight to the target. We describe the design, integration, and operation of the pulsed coil system into the challenging and harsh environment of the Z Machine. We also describe our plans and designs for achieving fields up to 20 T with a reduced-gap split-magnet configuration, and up to 30 T with a solid magnet configuration in pursuit of the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D C Lamppa
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M E Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A C Owen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J McKenney
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D W Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S Radovich
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R J Kaye
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R D McBride
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - C S Alexander
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - T J Awe
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S A Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - T A Haill
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - P A Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J W Argo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D G Dalton
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G K Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - E M Waisman
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D B Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Meissner
- Milhous Company, 144 South Main Street, Amherst, Virginia 24521, USA
| | - M Milhous
- Milhous Company, 144 South Main Street, Amherst, Virginia 24521, USA
| | - D N Nguyen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C H Mielke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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18
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19
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Sunshine J, Green JJ, Mahon KP, Yang F, Eltoukhy AA, Nguyen DN, Langer R, Anderson DG. Small-Molecule End-Groups of Linear Polymer Determine Cell-type Gene-Delivery Efficacy. Adv Mater 2009; 21:4947-4951. [PMID: 25165411 PMCID: PMC4143259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
End-modified polymers are promising for the nonviral delivery of genes to cancer cells, immune cells, and human stem cells and point to polymer end-groups as regulators for cell-type specificity. A library of polymers has been synthesized and, although some polymers are strong transfection agents overall, for each cell type, a particular polymer is most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sunshine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Kerry P. Mahon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Ahmed A. Eltoukhy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - David N. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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20
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Nguyen DN, Kim P, Martínez-Sobrido L, Beitzel B, García-Sastre A, Langer R, Anderson DG. A novel high-throughput cell-based method for integrated quantification of type I interferons and in vitro screening of immunostimulatory RNA drug delivery. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:664-75. [PMID: 19338049 PMCID: PMC2771114 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of immune activation by certain RNA sequences is the generation of interferon responses. However, the study of immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA) has been hindered by costly and slow methods, particularly in vitro. We have developed a cell-based assay to detect human type I interferon (IFN) that reliably senses both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta simultaneously. The human 293T cell line was stably transfected with a fusion gene of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) under the transcriptional control of an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). High levels of mRFP are expressed following activation of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). Using this method, detection limits for IFN similar to that of ELISA can be achieved but with a greater dynamic range and in a high-throughput manner. As a proof of concept, we utilized this method to screen a library of cationic lipid-like materials that form nanoparticle complexes with RNA for induction of innate immune responses in vitro. We expect the screening and detection methods described herein may provide a useful tool in elucidating mechanisms that govern the delivery of RNA molecules to effector cells and receptors of the innate immune system. We apply this tool to investigate isRNA drug delivery, but it may also find use in other applications for which high-throughput detection of type 1 IFN is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Nguyen
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Abstract
Gene delivery holds great potential for the treatment of many different diseases. Vaccination with DNA holds particular promise, and may provide a solution to many technical challenges that hinder traditional vaccine systems including rapid development and production and induction of robust cell-mediated immune responses. However, few candidate DNA vaccines have progressed past preclinical development and none have been approved for human use. This Review focuses on the recent progress and challenges facing materials design for nonviral DNA vaccine drug delivery systems. In particular, we highlight work on new polymeric materials and their effects on protective immune activation, gene delivery, and current efforts to optimize polymeric delivery systems for DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Nguyen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, E25 Room 342, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Jordan J Green
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, E25 Room 342, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Juliana M Chan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, E25 Room 342, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Robert Longer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, E25 Room 342, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, E25 Room 342, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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Nguyen DN, Raghavan SS, Tashima LM, Lin EC, Fredette SJ, Langer RS, Wang C. Enhancement of poly(orthoester) microspheres for DNA vaccine delivery by blending with poly(ethylenimine). Biomaterials 2008. [PMID: 18400294 PMCID: PMC2435500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(orthoester) (POE) microspheres have been previously shown to possess certain advantages for the in vivo delivery of DNA vaccines. In particular, timing of DNA release from POE microspheres in response to acidic phagosomal pH was shown to be an important factor in determining immunogenicity, which was hypothesized to be linked to the natural progression of antigen-presenting cell uptake, transfection, maturation, and antigen presentation. Here we report in vitro characterization of the enhanced efficacy of POE microspheres by blending poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), a well-characterized cationic transfection agent, into the POE matrix. Blending of a tiny amount of PEI (approximately 0.04 wt%) with POE caused large alterations in POE microsphere properties. PEI provided greater control over the rate of pH-triggered DNA release by doubling the total release time of plasmid DNA and enhanced gene transfection efficiency of the microspheres up to 50-fold without any significant cytotoxicity. Confocal microscopy results of labeled PEI and DNA plasmids revealed that PEI caused a surface-localizing distribution of DNA and PEI within the POE microsphere as well as focal co-localization of PEI with DNA. We provide evidence that upon degradation, the microspheres of POE-PEI blends released electrostatic complexes of DNA and PEI, which are responsible for the enhanced gene transfection. Furthermore, blending PEI into the POE microsphere induced 50-60% greater phenotypic maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro, judged by the up-regulation of co-stimulatory markers on the cell surface. Physically blending PEI with POE is a simple approach for modulating the properties of biodegradable microspheres in terms of gene transfection efficiency and DNA release kinetics. Combined with the ability to induce maturation of antigen-presenting cells, POE-PEI blended microspheres may be excellent carriers for DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Nguyen
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, 02139
| | - Shyam S. Raghavan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, 02139
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, 02139
| | | | | | | | - Robert S. Langer
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, 02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, 02139
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455
- Corresponding author: Tel +1-612-626-3990, Email
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23
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Nguyen DN, Raghavan SS, Tashima LM, Lin EC, Fredette SJ, Langer RS, Wang C. Enhancement of poly(orthoester) microspheres for DNA vaccine delivery by blending with poly(ethylenimine). Biomaterials 2008; 29:2783-93. [PMID: 18400294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(orthoester) (POE) microspheres have been previously shown to possess certain advantages for the in vivo delivery of DNA vaccines. In particular, timing of DNA release from POE microspheres in response to acidic phagosomal pH was shown to be an important factor in determining immunogenicity, which was hypothesized to be linked to the natural progression of antigen-presenting cell uptake, transfection, maturation, and antigen presentation. Here we report in vitro characterization of the enhanced efficacy of POE microspheres by blending poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), a well-characterized cationic transfection agent, into the POE matrix. Blending of a tiny amount of PEI (approximately 0.04 wt%) with POE caused large alterations in POE microsphere properties. PEI provided greater control over the rate of pH-triggered DNA release by doubling the total release time of plasmid DNA and enhanced gene transfection efficiency of the microspheres up to 50-fold without any significant cytotoxicity. Confocal microscopy results of labeled PEI and DNA plasmids revealed that PEI caused a surface-localizing distribution of DNA and PEI within the POE microsphere as well as focal co-localization of PEI with DNA. We provide evidence that upon degradation, the microspheres of POE-PEI blends released electrostatic complexes of DNA and PEI, which are responsible for the enhanced gene transfection. Furthermore, blending PEI into the POE microsphere induced 50-60% greater phenotypic maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro, judged by the up-regulation of co-stimulatory markers on the cell surface. Physically blending PEI with POE is a simple approach for modulating the properties of biodegradable microspheres in terms of gene transfection efficiency and DNA release kinetics. Combined with the ability to induce maturation of antigen-presenting cells, POE-PEI blended microspheres may be excellent carriers for DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Nguyen
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chile, a country with a so called emerging market-economy, where rapid social and life style changes are taking place, women and the more socially disadvantaged are more at risk of becoming depressed. METHODS Results of several studies are summarized in the context of a review of the literature. RESULTS A third of Chilean women have depressive and/or anxiety symptoms during midpregnancy, while prevalence figures both in the early and the late postpartum period increase up to 50% in most studies. If strict operational criteria describing well defined depressive disorders are used postnatally, differences in prevalence and incidence figures arise depending on socioeconomic status. Whereas incidence rates for postpartum depression (around 9%) are very similar to those found in the northern hemisphere and do not appear to vary across different socioeconomic levels, higher prevalence rates are found among women from lower socioeconomic status. LIMITATIONS The studies focused on current diagnostic entities and did not consider different clusters or dimensions. CONCLUSION A shared biological etiology may be triggered by the physiology of childbirth and account for similarities in incidence across different socioeconomic levels. In turn, we hypothesize that the higher prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in Chilean women from lower socioeconomic status is the result of pre-existing depression and is not caused by more new cases of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jadresic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Avenida La Paz 1003, Santiago, Chile.
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Nguyen DN, Rohrbaugh M, Lai Z. The Drosophila homolog of Onecut homeodomain proteins is a neural-specific transcriptional activator with a potential role in regulating neural differentiation. Mech Dev 2000; 97:57-72. [PMID: 11025207 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report here the characterization of the Drosophila homolog of the onecut homeobox gene, which encodes a protein product with one cut domain and one homeodomain. We present evidence that D-Onecut can bind to similar DNA sequences with high specificity and affinity as other Onecut proteins through the highly conserved cut domain and homeodomain. Interestingly, the cut domain alone can mediate DNA-binding, but the homeodomain cannot. However, depending upon the promoter context, we observed cooperative interactions between the two domains to confer high DNA-binding affinity and specificity. D-Onecut appears to be a moderate transcriptional activator and functions as a nuclear protein in neuronal tissues of both the CNS and PNS during development and in the adult. In the eye, D-Onecut expression is independent of glass, a transcriptional regulator of R cell differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest a role for D-Onecut in the regulation of some aspects of neural differentiation or maintenance. In support of this notion, overexpression of a putative dominant negative form of D-Onecut during eye development does not affect early cell fate specification, but severely affects photoreceptor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Nguyen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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ver Elst KM, Spapen HD, Nguyen DN, Garbar C, Huyghens LP, Gorus FK. Cardiac troponins I and T are biological markers of left ventricular dysfunction in septic shock. Clin Chem 2000; 46:650-7. [PMID: 10794747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac depression in severe sepsis and septic shock is characterized by left ventricular (LV) failure. To date, it is unclear whether clinically unrecognized myocardial cell injury accompanies, causes, or results from this decreased cardiac performance. We therefore studied the relationship between cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) and LV dysfunction in early septic shock. METHODS Forty-six patients were consecutively enrolled, fluid-resuscitated, and treated with catecholamines. Cardiac markers were measured at study entry and after 24 and 48 h. LV function was assessed by two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. RESULTS Increased plasma concentrations of cTnI (>/=0.4 microgram/L) and cTnT (>/=0.1 microgram/L) were found in 50% and 36%, respectively, of the patients at one or more time points. cTnI and cTnT were significantly correlated (r = 0.847; P <0.0001). Compared with cTnI-negative patients, cTnI-positive subjects were older, presented higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores at diagnosis, and tended to have a worse survival rate and a more frequent history of arterial hypertension or previous myocardial infarction. In contrast, the two groups did not differ in type of infection or pathogen, or in dose and type of catecholamine administered. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in all patients and autopsy in 12 nonsurvivors did not disclose the occurrence of acute ischemia during the first 48 h of observation. LV dysfunction was strongly associated with cTnI positivity (78% vs 9% in cTnI-negative patients; P <0.001). In multiple regression analysis, both cTnI and cTnT were exclusively associated with LV dysfunction (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in septic shock, clinically unrecognized myocardial cell injury is a marker of LV dysfunction. The latter condition tends to occur more often in severely ill older patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which myocardial damage is a cause or a consequence of LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M ver Elst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel (AZ-VUB), B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Smets D, Spapen H, Diltoer M, Nguyen DN, Hubloue I, Huyghens L. Liver perfusion and hepatocellular inflammatory response in sepsis. Acta Clin Belg 1999; 54:201-6. [PMID: 10544510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by disturbances in liver perfusion and alterations in intrahepatic cellular functions and interactions. This provokes structural and functional liver damage as well as hepatocellular activation that is believed to perpetuate the immuno-inflammatory response. Changes in hepatic perfusion during sepsis are still poorly understood due to the heterogeneity of septic animal models and the difficult accessibility of the hepatic circulation in humans. Sinusoidal blood flow is severely compromised during sepsis due to a decline in perfused sinusoidal area in association with a decrease in sinusoidal flow velocity. Imbalances in the production of nitric oxide may account for these (micro) circulatory disorders. Interactions between liver macrophages, activated endothelial cells and hepatocytes determine the intensity of inflammation and contribute to initial liver damage. Hepatocellular injury is then enhanced by attracted and invading neutrophils. The management of hepatic dysfunction during sepsis is largely supportive and based on prevention and vigorous resuscitation including early nutritional support and adequate oxygenation. Interestingly, experimental studies suggest that pharmacological interventions with significant hemodynamic effects, such as dobutamine and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, may adversely affect the liver during the septic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smets
- Intensive Care Department, Academic Hospital, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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Nguyen DN, Liu Y, Litsky ML, Reinke R. The sidekick gene, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is required for pattern formation in the Drosophila eye. Development 1997; 124:3303-12. [PMID: 9310325 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124.17.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the Drosophila eye imaginal disc the photoreceptor cells (R cells) differentiate according to a precise spatial and temporal order. The sidekick (sdk) gene is necessary to prevent extra R cells from differentiating during eye disc development. The extra cell appears between R3 and R4 early in R cell clusters and is most likely the result of the mystery cell inappropriately differentiating as an R cell. Mosaic analysis shows that sdk is required neither in the R cells nor in the extra cell, suggesting that sdk is necessary in the surrounding undifferentiated cells. The sdk gene codes for a protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, having six immunoglobulin domains, thirteen fibronectin repeats and a transmembrane domain. The protein structure is consistent with its participation in cell-cell interaction during eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Nguyen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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29
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Felder CC, Nielsen A, Briley EM, Palkovits M, Priller J, Axelrod J, Nguyen DN, Richardson JM, Riggin RM, Koppel GA, Paul SM, Becker GW. Isolation and measurement of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist, anandamide, in brain and peripheral tissues of human and rat. FEBS Lett 1996; 393:231-5. [PMID: 8814296 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide) is a novel lipid neurotransmitter first isolated from porcine brain which has been shown to be a functional agonist for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Anandamide has never been isolated from human brain or peripheral tissues and its role in human physiology has not been examined. Anandamide was measured by LC/MS/MS and was found in human and rat hippocampus (and human parahippocampal cortex), striatum, and cerebellum, brain areas known to express high levels of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Significant levels of anandamide were also found in the thalamus which expresses low levels of CB1 receptors. Anandamide was also found in human and rat spleen which expresses high levels of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Small amounts of anandamide were also detected in human heart and rat skin. Only trace quantities were detected in pooled human serum, plasma, and CSF. The distribution of anandamide in human brain and spleen supports its potential role as an endogenous agonist in central and peripheral tissues. The low levels found in serum, plasma, and CSF suggest that it is metabolized in tissues where it is synthesized, and that its action is probably not hormonal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Felder
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4090, USA.
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Zhang H, Nguyen DN, Spapen H, Moock M, Maciel F, Vincent JL. Sodium nitroprusside does not influence tissue oxygen extraction capabilities during a critical reduction in oxygen delivery. Cardiovasc Res 1995; 30:240-5. [PMID: 7585811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
By its regulating effects on blood vessel tone, nitric oxide (NO) may play an important role in the coupling of oxygen delivery (DO2) to metabolic rate. We reasoned that if endogenous NO synthesis is an important modulator of oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER), then administration of a NO donor will alter oxygen extraction capabilities during a fall in blood flow. We studied the effects of the NO donor, nitroprusside, on the relationship between DO2 and oxygen uptake (VO2) during an acute reduction in DO2 induced by cardiac tamponade. Twenty-one healthy, anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 7) served as control; Groups 2 and 3 were given sodium nitroprusside at 1.0 microgram/kg.min (n = 7), and 2.5 micrograms/kg.min intravenously (n = 7), respectively. All animals were given normal saline i.v. at a rate of 20 ml/kg.h throughout the study. Cardiac tamponade was induced by bolus injections of normal saline into the pericardial space. In the control animals the critical DO2 (DO2crit) was found at 10.1 +/- 1.5 ml/kg.min and critical O2ER (O2ERcrit) at 63.3 +/- 10.9%. Nitroprusside at the lower dose decreased systemic vascular resistance but did not significantly influence arterial pressure, cardiac output, DO2 or VO2; neither DO2crit nor O2ERcrit was altered (9.3 +/- 2.9 ml/kg.min and 70.4 +/- 20.9%). Nitroprusside at the higher dose induced significant decreases in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, but had no significant effect on cardiac output. DO2crit (9.2 +/- 2.0 ml/kg.min) and O2ERcrit (59.8 +/- 13.2%) were similar to the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
The advent of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the last 5 years has greatly enhanced the area of protein mass spectrometry. This paper presents an overview of the applications of protein mass spectrometry in the area of analytical biotechnology, particularly as related to biopharmaceutical research and development. These applications include the determination of protein molecular mass, peptide mapping, peptide sequencing, ligand binding, determination of disulfide bonds, active site characterization of enzymes, protein self-association and protein folding/higher order structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Nguyen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis 46285, USA
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Zhang H, Spapen H, Nguyen DN, Rogiers P, Bakker J, Vincent JL. Effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on regional blood flow during endotoxic shock. Eur Surg Res 1995; 27:292-300. [PMID: 7589000 DOI: 10.1159/000129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an oxygen free-radical scavenger, can increase the oxygen extraction capabilities during endotoxic shock when blood flow is progressively reduced. In the present study, we investigated whether the protective effects of NAC are related to an improvement in regional blood flow following endotoxemia. Fourteen anesthetized, saline-infused and ventilated dogs were divided into two groups: 7 dogs received NAC (150 mg/kg, followed by a 20 mg/kg.h infusion), and the other 7 dogs served as a control time-matching group. Thirty minutes later all the dogs received Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg) i.v. A saline infusion was started 30 min after endotoxin challenge to restore pulmonary artery occlusion pressure to baseline and maintain it constant. Regional blood flow was measured by ultrasonic volume flowmeter. In the control group, arterial pressure, left ventricular stroke work index and systemic vascular resistance remained lower than baseline. Mesenteric, renal and femoral arterial blood flow increased but only femoral blood flow returned to baseline levels. In the NAC group, cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index remained higher and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance were lower than in the control group. Blood flow in mesenteric, renal and especially femoral arteries was higher than in the control group. Fractional blood flow increased only in the femoral artery. PaO2 and PvO2 had similar courses in the two groups. A higher venous admixture was associated with a higher cardiac index and a lower pulmonary vascular resistance in the NAC group. Oxygen delivery and oxygen-uptake were higher in the NAC-treated than in the control animals throughout the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Intesive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
By its microvascular and anti-inflammatory actions, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been suggested both in animal models and in humans to have a therapeutic value in sepsis. To investigate whether PGE1 could improve the oxygen extraction capabilities in severe sepsis, our study focused on the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2) and oxygen delivery (DO2) during an acute reduction in blood flow induced by cardiac tamponade in endotoxic dogs. Thirty anesthetized, ventilated dogs were divided into three groups. A first group (N = 10) served as a control receiving 20 ml/kg/hr of saline intravenously. A second group (N = 10) received PGE1 at 100 ng/kg/min along with the same saline infusion. A third group (N = 10) received the same dose of PGE1 with only 1 ml/kg/hr of saline. Thirty minutes after the initiation of this therapy, Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg) was injected in each dog. In each group, the administration of PGE1, fluids, or both was continued throughout the study. Tamponade was then induced by repeated bolus injections of warm saline into the pericardial space. Steady-state measurements of VO2 (derived from the expired gases) and DO2 (the product of cardiac index and oxygen content) were obtained sequentially after each saline injection. The administration of PGE1 + fluids resulted in significant increases in stroke volume, cardiac index, and DO2 and reductions in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. Stroke volume and cardiac index were lower in the PGE1 alone than in the PGE1 + fluids group. The VO2 levels at critical DO2 (DO2crit) were identical. However, DO2crit, which was 12.2 +/- 2.8 ml/kg/min in the control group, was significantly decreased to 9.8 +/- 2.0 ml/kg/min in the PGE1 + fluids and to 9.3 +/- 2.7 ml/kg/min in the PGE1 alone group (both P < 0.05). Critical oxygen extraction ratio (O2ERcrit) which was 47 +/- 14% in the control group, was increased to 63 +/- 16% in the PGE1 + fluids group and to 61 +/- 17% in the PGE1 alone group (both P < 0.05). To investigate whether PGE1 also improves oxygen extraction capabilities in the absence of endotoxin, a second series of experiments was performed in 14 dogs, receiving saline alone (Control, N = 7) or plus PGE1 at 100 ng/kg/min (PGE1, N = 7). DO2crit was 10.7 +/- 2.9 ml/kg/min in the PGE1 group vs 10.1 +/- 1.8 ml/kg/min in the control group (NS). O2ERcrit tended to be higher in the PGE1 group than that in the control group (68 +/- 13% vs 60 +/- 15%, P = 0.054).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of circulatory insufficiency, has been found to have protective effects in different models of sepsis. We hypothesized that this drug might improve the cellular oxygen availability following endotoxin challenge by increasing oxygen delivery (DO2) and/or tissue oxygen extraction. The oxygen extraction capabilities were studied during a reduction in blood flow induced by cardiac tamponade. Fourteen anesthetized, ventilated, and paralyzed dogs, received intravenous 2 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin followed by a continuous infusion of 20 ml/kg.h of saline. 30 min later tamponade was induced by repeated bolus injections of warm saline into the pericardial space. Seven dogs were pretreated with PTX as an intravenous bolus of 20 mg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion at 20 mg/kg.h, and the other seven dogs served as a control group. PTX largely attenuated the systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction observed in the control group and resulted in significant increases in cardiac index, DO2 and oxygen consumption (VO2). PTX also improved ventilation/perfusion matching in the lungs as indicated by a higher PaO2 and PvO2 and a lower venous admixture than in the untreated group during cardiac tamponade (both p < .05). In addition, the critical DO2 (DO2 crit) was lower and the critical oxygen extraction ratio was higher in the PTX treated than in the control group (9.1 +/- 1.8 vs. 11.6 +/- 2.4 ml/kg.min, and 70.6 +/- 14.0 vs. 49.3 +/- 14.6%, both p < .05). The VO2/DO2 dependency slope was also steeper in the PTX-treated than in the control group (.80 +/- .28 vs. .43 +/- .19, p < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Because oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the endothelial cell damage and in the myocardial depression occurring during severe sepsis, we investigated whether N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could influence the oxygen extraction capabilities during an acute reduction in blood flow induced by cardiac tamponade after endotoxin challenge. Sixteen anesthetized, saline-infused, and ventilated dogs received Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg) 30 min before tamponade was induced by repeated bolus injections of warm saline into the pericardial space. Thirty minutes before endotoxin administration, nine dogs received NAC (150 mg/kg, followed by a 20 mg.kg-1.h-1 infusion); the other seven dogs served as a control group. The NAC group maintained higher cardiac index, oxygen delivery (DO2), and left ventricular stroke work index, but lower systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, than the control group. The oxygen uptake (VO2) levels at critical DO2 (DO2crit) were identical in the two groups. However, DO2crit was significantly lower in the NAC than in the control group (8.1 +/- 1.7 vs. 10.8 +/- 1.8 ml.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.01). Critical oxygen extraction ratio and the slope of the VO2-to-DO2-dependent line were higher in the NAC than in the control group (72 +/- 14 vs. 53 +/- 15% and 0.80 vs. 0.56, respectively; both P < 0.05). The peak lactate and the maximal tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels were lower in the NAC than in the control group (5.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.4 mM, and 0.14 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.21 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, respectively; both P < 0.01). NAC significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used in this study to further characterize the mechanism whereby low concentrations of dopamine (DA) stimulate PRL secretion in vitro. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used as a source of anterior pituitary cells for the RHPA. Pituitary cells were infused into Cunningham chambers along with a suspension of protein-A-coated ovine red blood cells. Excess cells were rinsed from the chambers leaving a monolayer of cells attached to the glass. The cells were then incubated with solutions containing PRL antiserum (1:40) and various concentrations of DA. After 4 h, a solution containing guinea pig complement (1:60) was infused into the chambers. Thirty minutes later, the cells were fixed and plaques (zones of hemolysis) surrounding PRL-producing cells (lactotrophs) were measured and used as an index of the amount of PRL secreted. Control cells that received no DA had a mean plaque area of 8,000 microns 2 and two distinct subpopulations of plaque sizes. This biphasic population of cells consisted of a small and a large plaque producing population. The mean plaque area surrounding lactotrophs was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased if 1 microM or 10 microM DA was present (4,500 microns 2 and 3,500 microns 2, respectively). These cells which received inhibitory concentrations of DA demonstrated a monophasic distribution of plaque-forming cells. On the other hand, mean plaque area was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased if 0.1 nM or 1 nM DA was presented to the cells (15,000 microns 2 and 14,500 microns 2, respectively). These cells receiving stimulatory doses of DA exhibited a multiphasic distribution of plaque-forming cells. The possibility that the two physiological opposing actions of DA on PRL secretion might be mediated by different GTP binding proteins was also examined using cholera toxin (CTX) and pertussis toxin (PTX). Anterior pituitary cells were pretreated with either CTX (50 micrograms/ml) or PTX (5 micrograms/ml) for 1 h before initiation of the RHPA. In the RHPA, cells received no DA, a stimulatory dose of DA (0.1 nM), or a inhibitory dose of DA (10 microM). The effects of toxin pretreatment on mean plaque area of DA-treated cells was determined. PTX pretreatment significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of DA while having no effect on the stimulatory effects of DA on PRL secretion. CTX significantly (P less than 0.05) potentiated the stimulatory effects of DA on PRL secretion and had no effect on inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Burris
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-3050
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37
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Abstract
The contribution of the uterus to the regulation of PRL secretion in lactating dams and cycling female rats was investigated. Lactating animals were hysterectomized or sham operated 2 days after parturition, and the number of pups was adjusted to eight. Blood samples for PRL RIA were obtained through intra-atrial cannulae implanted 2 days before experimentation. In order to study the PRL secretory profile in undisturbed freely lactating rats, blood samples were taken every 2 h for 24 h starting at 1400 h. During early lactation (days 7-8), hysterectomy did not alter the PRL secretory profile compared to that of sham-operated controls. On days 14-15 post partum, PRL secretion followed a characteristic bimodal pattern showing two PRL surges at 1800 h and 0600 h. After hysterectomy, the early morning PRL surge disappeared and PRL secretion showed an unimodal daily rhythm reaching its peak at 1800 h. The possible effect of the absence of the uterus on suckling-induced PRL release at various stages of lactation was studied. On days 7-8, suckling stimuli after 4 h of pup deprivation induced robust PRL release. Hysterectomy did not significantly alter PRL release at this earlier stage of lactation. In control groups, the suckling-induced PRL secretory response markedly declined as the postpartum period advanced. On the other hand, the hysterectomized animals retained significantly greater responsiveness to suckling during the second half of lactation. These data indicate an inhibitory influence of the uterus on PRL secretion. The onset of this uterine effect is considerably delayed, and its influence became prominent only at a later phase of lactation. The effect of length of pup deprivation preceding the suckling stimulus, in combination with hysterectomy, was also investigated. Hysterectomy significantly increased suckling-induced PRL release after 4 and 24 h separation compared to the sham-hysterectomized animals. When the separation was longer than 48 h, the inducibility of PRL release by suckling declined and was not influenced by hysterectomy. In order to study the possible influence of the uterus on PRL secretion during the estrous cycle, regularly cycling female rats were hysterectomized at diestrus 1. Twelve days later the animals were cannulated, and serial blood samples were taken during the subsequent proestrus. Hysterectomy did not alter the PRL surge which occurred on the afternoon of proestrus indicating that the uterus does not have a major function in regulating PRL secretion on proestrus. In conclusion, hysterectomy significantly delayed the extinction of suckling-induced PRL release revealing the active role of the uterus in the regulation of this neuroendocrine reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kanyicska
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahasse 32306
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