351
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Mind the gap: glucocorticoids modulate hippocampal glutamate tone underlying individual differences in stress susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:755-63. [PMID: 25178162 PMCID: PMC4366364 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Why do some individuals succumb to stress and develop debilitating psychiatric disorders, whereas others adapt well in the face of adversity? There is a gap in understanding the neural bases of individual differences in the responses to environmental factors on brain development and functions. Here, using a novel approach for screening an inbred population of laboratory animals, we identified two subpopulations of mice: susceptible mice that show mood-related abnormalities compared with resilient mice, which cope better with stress. This approach combined with molecular and behavioral analyses, led us to recognize, in hippocampus, presynaptic mGlu2 receptors, which inhibit glutamate release, as a stress-sensitive marker of individual differences to stress-induced mood disorders. Indeed, genetic mGlu2 deletion in mice results in a more severe susceptibility to stress, mimicking the susceptible mouse sub-population. Furthermore, we describe an underlying mechanism by which glucocorticoids, acting via mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), decrease resilience to stress via downregulation of mGlu2 receptors. We also provide a mechanistic link between MRs and an epigenetic control of the glutamatergic synapse that underlies susceptibility to stressful experiences. The approach and the epigenetic allostasis concept introduced here serve as a model for identifying individual differences based upon biomarkers and underlying mechanisms and also provide molecular features that may be useful in translation to human behavior and psychopathology.
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352
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Mayhew J, Beart PM, Walker FR. Astrocyte and microglial control of glutamatergic signalling: a primer on understanding the disruptive role of chronic stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:498-506. [PMID: 25737228 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that chronic stress can induce significant structural remodelling of astrocytes and microglia. Until recently, however, the full significance of these morphological disturbances has remained unclear. Clues to the significance of astroglial re-organisation following stress are beginning to emerge from a compelling literature describing how astrocytes contribute to glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present review briefly summarises these two fields of research, identifies points of overlap and, in doing so, pin-points future research directions for stress neurobiology. Ultimately, understanding how chronic stress can disrupt the interactions of astrocytes and microglia with neurones has the potential in the future to improve the development of therapeutics designed to treat stress-related illnesses such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayhew
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - P M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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353
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McKlveen JM, Myers B, Herman JP. The medial prefrontal cortex: coordinator of autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:446-56. [PMID: 25737097 PMCID: PMC4580281 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Responding to real or potential threats in the environment requires the coordination of autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioural processes to promote adaptation and survival. These diverging systems necessitate input from the limbic forebrain to integrate and modulate functional output in accordance with contextual demand. In the present review, we discuss the potential role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as a coordinator of behavioural and physiological stress responses across multiple temporal and contextual domains. Furthermore, we highlight converging evidence from rodent and human research indicating the necessity of the mPFC for modulating physiological energetic systems to mobilise or limit energetic resources as needed to ultimately promote behavioural adaptation in the face of stress. We review the literature indicating that glucocorticoids act as one of the primary messengers in the reallocation of energetic resources having profound effects locally within the mPFC, as well as shaping how the mPFC acts within a network of brain structures to modulate responses to stress. Finally, we discuss how both rodent and human studies point toward a critical role of the mPFC in the coordination of anticipatory responses to stress and why this distinction is an important one to make in stress neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. McKlveen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Brent Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - James P. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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354
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Duffney LJ, Zhong P, Wei J, Matas E, Cheng J, Qin L, Ma K, Dietz DM, Kajiwara Y, Buxbaum JD, Yan Z. Autism-like Deficits in Shank3-Deficient Mice Are Rescued by Targeting Actin Regulators. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1400-1413. [PMID: 26027926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the Shank3 gene, which encodes a scaffolding protein at glutamatergic synapses, is a highly prevalent and penetrant risk factor for autism. Using combined behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, imaging, and molecular approaches, we find that Shank3-deficient mice exhibit autism-like social deficits and repetitive behaviors, as well as the significantly diminished NMDA receptor (NMDAR) synaptic function and synaptic distribution in prefrontal cortex. Concomitantly, Shank3-deficient mice have a marked loss of cortical actin filaments, which is associated with the reduced Rac1/PAK activity and increased activity of cofilin, the major actin depolymerizing factor. The social deficits and NMDAR hypofunction are rescued by inhibiting cofilin or activating Rac1 in Shank3-deficient mice and are induced by inhibiting PAK or Rac1 in wild-type mice. These results indicate that the aberrant regulation of synaptic actin filaments and loss of synaptic NMDARs contribute to the manifestation of autism-like phenotypes. Thus, targeting actin regulators provides a strategy for autism treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Duffney
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Emmanuel Matas
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Luye Qin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Yuji Kajiwara
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214
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355
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Ambrozkiewicz MC, Kawabe H. HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and synapse physiology. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1635-43. [PMID: 25979171 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of neurons is precisely controlled. Nerve cells are born from progenitor cells, migrate to their future target sites, extend dendrites and an axon to form synapses, and thus establish neural networks. All these processes are governed by multiple intracellular signaling cascades, among which ubiquitylation has emerged as a potent regulatory principle that determines protein function and turnover. Dysfunctions of E3 ubiquitin ligases or aberrant ubiquitin signaling contribute to a variety of brain disorders like X-linked mental retardation, schizophrenia, autism or Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings about molecular pathways that involve E3 ligases of the Homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT) family and that control neuritogenesis, neuronal polarity formation, and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Cyryl Ambrozkiewicz
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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356
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Varney S, Polston KF, Jessen T, Carneiro AMD. Mice lacking integrin β3 expression exhibit altered response to chronic stress. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 2:51-58. [PMID: 26634222 PMCID: PMC4664197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate multiple roles for integrin αvβ3 in adult neurons, including response to pharmacological agents such as cocaine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In this study, we examined the role of the integrin β3 gene (Itgb3) in the response to environmental stimuli by subjecting Itgb3+/+ and Itgb3-/- mice to unpredictable chronic mild stressors. We found that genetic abrogation of integrin β3 expression elicits an exaggerated vulnerability to chronic unpredictable stress in the open field test. In this test, chronic stress elicited significant decreases in stereotypic behavior and horizontal locomotor activity, including increases in anxiety behaviors. Mild chronic stress led to reductions in dopamine turnover in midbrains of Itgb3+/+, but not Itgb3-/- mice, suggesting a disruption of stress-dependent regulation of DA homeostasis. Chronic stress elicited altered synaptic expression of syntaxin and synaptophysin in midbrains of Itgb3-/- mice, when compared to Itgb3+/+. Semi-quantitative Western blot studies revealed that the synaptic expression, but not total tissue expression, of multiple signaling proteins is correlated with integrin αv levels in the midbrain. Moreover, loss of integrin β3 expression modifies this correlation network. Together, these findings demonstrate that Itgb3-/- mice display a pattern of changes indicating disrupted regulation of midbrain synaptic systems involved in conferring resilience to mild stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Varney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
| | - Keith F Polston
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
| | - Tammy Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
| | - Ana M D Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
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357
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Thompson SM, Kallarackal AJ, Kvarta MD, Van Dyke AM, LeGates TA, Cai X. An excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:279-94. [PMID: 25887240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity, but the biological bases of the deficits in emotional and cognitive processing remain incompletely understood. Current antidepressant therapies are effective in only some patients and act slowly. Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in which chronic stress and genetic susceptibility cause changes in the strength of subsets of glutamatergic synapses at multiple locations, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAc), leading to a dysfunction of corticomesolimbic reward circuitry that underlies many of the symptoms of depression. This hypothesis accounts for current depression treatments and suggests an updated framework for the development of better therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Thompson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Angy J Kallarackal
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adam M Van Dyke
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tara A LeGates
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiang Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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358
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Freudenberg F, Celikel T, Reif A. The role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in depression: central mediators of pathophysiology and antidepressant activity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:193-206. [PMID: 25783220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting more than 120 million people worldwide every year. Changes in monoaminergic transmitter release are suggested to take part in the pathophysiology of depression. However, more recent experimental evidence suggests that glutamatergic mechanisms might play a more central role in the development of this disorder. The importance of the glutamatergic system in depression was particularly highlighted by the discovery that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (particularly ketamine) exert relatively long-lasting antidepressant like effects with rapid onset. Importantly, the antidepressant-like effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, but also other antidepressants (both classical and novel), require activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Additionally, expression of AMPA receptors is altered in patients with depression. Moreover, preclinical evidence supports an important involvement of AMPA receptor-dependent signaling and plasticity in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Here we summarize work published on the involvement of AMPA receptors in depression and discuss a possible central role for AMPA receptors in the pathophysiology, course and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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359
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Abdallah CG, Averill LA, Krystal JH. Ketamine as a promising prototype for a new generation of rapid-acting antidepressants. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:66-77. [PMID: 25727103 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of ketamine's rapid and robust antidepressant effects opened a window into a new generation of antidepressants. Multiple controlled trials and open-label studies have demonstrated these effects across a variety of patient populations known to often achieve little to no response from traditional antidepressants. Ketamine has been generally well tolerated across patient groups, with transient mild-to-moderate adverse effects during infusion. However, the optimal dosing and route of administration and the safety of chronic treatment are not fully known. This review summarizes the clinical effects of ketamine and its neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms of action, which may provide insight into the neurobiology of depression, relevant biomarkers, and treatment targets. Moreover, we offer suggestions for future research that may continue to advance the field forward and ultimately improve the psychopharmacologic interventions available for those individuals struggling with depressive and trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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360
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Neuroplasticity underlying the comorbidity of pain and depression. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:504691. [PMID: 25810926 PMCID: PMC4355564 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain induces depressed mood, and chronic pain is known to cause depression. Depression, meanwhile, can also adversely affect pain behaviors ranging from symptomology to treatment response. Pain and depression independently induce long-term plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Comorbid conditions, however, have distinct patterns of neural activation. We performed a review of the changes in neural circuitry and molecular signaling pathways that may underlie this complex relationship between pain and depression. We also discussed some of the current and future therapies that are based on this understanding of the CNS plasticity that occurs with pain and depression.
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361
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Nghia NA, Hirasawa T, Kasai H, Obata C, Moriishi K, Mochizuki K, Koizumi S, Kubota T. Long-term imipramine treatment increases N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity and expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 752:69-77. [PMID: 25701723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imipramine, a major antidepressant, is known to inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which contributes to recovery from major depressive disorder. It has recently been reported that acute imipramine treatment inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity. However, the mechanisms underlying long-term effects of imipramine have not been identified. We tested these distinct effects in mouse cortical neurons and found that acute (30s) imipramine treatment decreased Ca(2+) influx through NMDA receptors, whereas long-term treatment (48h) increased Ca(2+) influx via the same receptors. Furthermore, long-term treatment increased NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit expression via epigenetic changes, including increased acetylation of histones H3K9 and H3K27 in the NR2B promoter and decreased activity of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and HDAC4. These results suggest that the long-term effects of imipramine on NMDA receptors are quite different from its acute effects. Furthermore, increased NR2B expression via epigenetic alterations might be a part of the mechanism responsible for this long-term effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen An Nghia
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takae Hirasawa
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Chie Obata
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 409-8510, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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362
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Widagdo J, Chai YJ, Ridder MC, Chau YQ, Johnson RC, Sah P, Huganir RL, Anggono V. Activity-Dependent Ubiquitination of GluA1 and GluA2 Regulates AMPA Receptor Intracellular Sorting and Degradation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:783-795. [PMID: 25660027 PMCID: PMC4524782 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) have recently been shown to undergo post-translational ubiquitination in mammalian neurons. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and remain controversial. Here, we report that all four AMPAR subunits (GluA1–4) are rapidly ubiquitinated upon brief application of AMPA or bicuculline in cultured neurons. This process is Ca2+ dependent and requires the activity of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. The ubiquitination of all subunits occurs exclusively on AMPARs located on the plasma membrane post-endocytosis. The sites of ubiquitination were mapped to Lys-868 in GluA1 and Lys-870/Lys-882 in GluA2 C-terminals. Mutation of these lysines did not affect basal surface expression or AMPA-induced internalization of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits. Instead, it reduced the intracellular trafficking of AMPARs to the late endosomes and thus protein degradation. These data indicate that ubiquitination is an important regulatory signal for controlling AMPAR function, which may be crucial for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Widagdo
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ye Jin Chai
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Margreet C Ridder
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yu Qian Chau
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard C Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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363
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Nava N, Treccani G, Liebenberg N, Chen F, Popoli M, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR. Chronic desipramine prevents acute stress-induced reorganization of medial prefrontal cortex architecture by blocking glutamate vesicle accumulation and excitatory synapse increase. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu085. [PMID: 25522419 PMCID: PMC4360240 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a clear negative influence of chronic exposure to stressful experiences has been repeatedly demonstrated, the outcome of acute stress on key brain regions has only just started to be elucidated. Although it has been proposed that acute stress may produce enhancement of brain plasticity and that antidepressants may prevent such changes, we still lack ultrastructural evidence that acute stress-induced changes in neurotransmitter physiology are coupled with structural synaptic modifications. METHODS Rats were pretreated chronically (14 days) with desipramine (10mg/kg) and then subjected to acute foot-shock stress. By means of serial section electron microscopy, the structural remodeling of medial prefrontal cortex glutamate synapses was assessed soon after acute stressor cessation and stress hormone levels were measured. RESULTS Foot-shock stress induced a remarkable increase in the number of docked vesicles and small excitatory synapses, partially and strongly prevented by desipramine pretreatment, respectively. Acute stress-induced corticosterone elevation was not affected by drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS Since desipramine pretreatment prevented the stress-induced structural plasticity but not the hormone level increase, we hypothesize that the preventing action of desipramine is located on pathways downstream of this process and/or other pathways. Moreover, because enhancement of glutamate system remodeling may contribute to overexcitation dysfunctions, this aspect could represent a crucial component in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nava
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Nava, Chen, and Nyengaard); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark (Drs Nava, Treccani, Liebenberg, Chen, and Wegener); Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (Drs Treccani and Popoli).
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364
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Luscher B, Fuchs T. GABAergic control of depression-related brain states. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 73:97-144. [PMID: 25637439 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorders (MDDs) posits that reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in brain, impaired function of GABAergic interneurons, altered expression and function of GABA(A) receptors, and changes in GABAergic transmission dictated by altered chloride homeostasis can contribute to the etiology of MDD. Conversely, the hypothesis posits that the efficacy of currently used antidepressants is determined by their ability to enhance GABAergic neurotransmission. We here provide an update for corresponding evidence from studies of patients and preclinical animal models of depression. In addition, we propose an explanation for the continued lack of genetic evidence that explains the considerable heritability of MDD. Lastly, we discuss how alterations in GABAergic transmission are integral to other hypotheses of MDD that emphasize (i) the role of monoaminergic deficits, (ii) stress-based etiologies, (iii) neurotrophic deficits, and (iv) the neurotoxic and neural circuit-impairing consequences of chronic excesses of glutamate. We propose that altered GABAergic transmission serves as a common denominator of MDD that can account for all these other hypotheses and that plays a causal and common role in diverse mechanistic etiologies of depressive brain states and in the mechanism of action of current antidepressant drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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365
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New hypothesis and treatment targets of depression: an integrated view of key findings. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:61-74. [PMID: 25575479 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and devastating psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent low mood, cognitive disorder, and impaired social function. Despite its complex mechanisms, increasing evidence has identified the involvement of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of this illness. The present review synthesizes recent research achievements to define the network between different hypotheses of MDD and to understand which part is most pivotal for its pathogenesis. By integrating MDD-related signal pathways, we highlight brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysfunction and increased apoptosis as the final common cascades, and new therapeutic strategies aiming to enhance BDNF function have been shown to exert a rapid and effective antidepressant action.
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366
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Musazzi L, Treccani G, Popoli M. Functional and structural remodeling of glutamate synapses in prefrontal and frontal cortex induced by behavioral stress. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:60. [PMID: 25964763 PMCID: PMC4410487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, is associated with abnormal function and regulation of the glutamatergic system. Consistently, preclinical studies on stress-based animal models of pathology showed that glucocorticoids and stress exert crucial effects on neuronal excitability and function, especially in cortical and limbic areas. In prefrontal and frontal cortex, acute stress was shown to induce enhancement of glutamate release/transmission dependent on activation of corticosterone receptors. Although the mechanisms whereby stress affects glutamate transmission have not yet been fully understood, it was shown that synaptic, non-genomic action of corticosterone is required to increase the readily releasable pool of glutamate vesicles, but is not sufficient to enhance transmission in prefrontal and frontal cortex. Slower, partly genomic mechanisms are probably necessary for the enhancement of glutamate transmission induced by stress. Combined evidence has suggested that the changes in glutamate release and transmission are responsible for the dendritic remodeling and morphological changes induced by stress and it has been argued that sustained alterations of glutamate transmission may play a key role in the long-term structural/functional changes associated with mood disorders in patients. Intriguingly, modifications of the glutamatergic system induced by stress in the prefrontal cortex seem to be biphasic. Indeed, while the fast response to stress suggests an enhancement in the number of excitatory synapses, synaptic transmission and working memory, long-term adaptive changes - including those consequent to chronic stress - induce opposite effects. Better knowledge of the cellular effectors involved in this biphasic effect of stress may be useful to understand the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, and open new paths for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy ; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
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367
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Sekio M, Seki K. Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is associated with α₁-adrenoceptor dependent downregulation of the membrane GluR1 subunit in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu005. [PMID: 25539502 PMCID: PMC4368860 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior is relevant to inflammatory immune activation. However, the neurobiological alterations in the brain following the central inflammatory immune activation remain elusive. METHODS Therefore, we investigated the neurobiological alterations during depressive-like behavior induced in mice by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1.2 mg/kg administered twice at a 30-min interval via intraperitoneal injection). RESULTS At 24 h after the second administration of LPS, an increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test were observed, as well as reduced sucrose preference. Protein levels of the AMPA receptor GluR1 were significantly decreased at the plasma membrane in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), while levels of the GluR2 were increased at the plasma membrane in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) at 24h after LPS. However, total GluR1 and GluR2 protein levels in the mPFC, VTA, and NAc were not affected by LPS. Moreover, LPS facilitated release of noradrenaline in the mPFC and VTA, but not in the NAc. Consistently, systemic administration of prazosin, an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, blocked the LPS-induced downregulation of the membrane GluR1 subunit in both the mPFC and VTA and also blocked the upregulation of the membrane GluR2 subunit in the NAc. Intracerebroventricular administration of prazosin 30 min before LPS injection abrogated the LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors. In opposition, administration of propranolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, did not affect the LPS-induced downregulation of GluR1, the upregulation of GluR2, or the depressive-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LPS-activated α1-adrenoceptor-induced downregulation of membrane GluR1 in the mPFC and VTA is associated with inflammation-induced depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenjiro Seki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
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368
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Moench KM, Wellman CL. Stress-induced alterations in prefrontal dendritic spines: Implications for post-traumatic stress disorder. Neurosci Lett 2014; 601:41-5. [PMID: 25529195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in a variety of important functions including emotional regulation, HPA axis regulation, and working memory. It also demonstrates remarkable plasticity in an experience-dependent manner. There is extensive evidence that stressful experiences can produce profound changes in the morphology of neurons within mPFC with a variety of behavioral consequences. The deleterious behavioral outcomes associated with mPFC dysfunction have been implicated in multiple psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the prevalence of these disorders, a deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying stress-induced morphological changes in mPFC is critical, and could lead to improved therapeutic treatments. Here we give a brief review of recent studies examining the mechanisms underlying changes in mPFC pyramidal neuron dendritic spines - the primary sites of excitatory input in cortical pyramidal neurons. We begin with an overview of the effects of chronic stress on mPFC dendritic spine density and morphology followed by proposed mechanisms for these changes. We then discuss the time course of stress effects on mPFC as well as potential intercellular influences. Given that many psychopathologies, including PTSD, have different prevalence rates among men and women, we end with a discussion of the sex differences that have been observed in morphological changes in mPFC. Future directions and implications for PTSD are discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Moench
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Program in Neural Science, and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Cara L Wellman
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Program in Neural Science, and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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369
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AMPAkines have novel analgesic properties in rat models of persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:1080-90. [PMID: 25338127 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel analgesics that do not suppress the respiratory drive are urgently needed. Glutamate signaling through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors plays important roles in central pain circuits. AMPAkines augment AMPA receptor function and have been shown to stimulate the respiratory drive to oppose opioid-induced hypoventilation. However, their role in chronic pain states remains unknown. METHODS The authors studied AMPAkines (CX546 and CX516) in rat spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory pain. They measured the effect of AMPAkines on mechanical and cold allodynia. They also evaluated their effect on depressive symptoms of pain using the forced swim test, as time of immobility on this test has been used as a measure for behavioral despair, a feature of depression. RESULTS The authors found that CX546, compared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control, reduced both mechanical and sensory allodynia in SNI (DMSO group, n = 9; CX546 group, n = 11) and CFA models (both DMSO and CX546 groups, n = 9). They found that CX546, compared with control, also reduced depressive symptoms of pain by decreasing immobility on the forced swim test in both SNI (both DMSO and CX546 groups, n = 8) and CFA models (both DMSO and CX546 groups, n = 10). Finally, they found that CX516, compared with control, also reduced mechanical and cold allodynia in the SNI model (both DMSO and CX516 groups, n = 10). CONCLUSIONS AMPAkines alleviate pain hypersensitivity as well as depression-like behavior associated with long-lasting nerve injury and inflammatory insult.
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370
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Cheng J, Xiong Z, Duffney LJ, Wei J, Liu A, Liu S, Chen GJ, Yan Z. Methylphenidate exerts dose-dependent effects on glutamate receptors and behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:953-62. [PMID: 24832867 PMCID: PMC4194277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychostimulant drug used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, produces the effects of increasing alertness and improving attention. However, misuse of MPH has been associated with an increased risk of aggression and psychosis. We sought to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the complex actions of MPH. METHODS Adolescent (4-week-old) rats were given one injection of MPH at different doses. The impact of MPH on glutamatergic signaling in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex was measured. Behavioral changes induced by MPH were also examined in parallel. RESULTS Administration of low-dose (.5 mg/kg) MPH selectively potentiated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) via adrenergic receptor activation, whereas high-dose (10 mg/kg) MPH suppressed both NMDAR-mediated and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor-mediated EPSCs. The dual effects of MPH on EPSCs were associated with bidirectional changes in the surface level of glutamate receptor subunits. Behavioral tests also indicated that low-dose MPH facilitated prefrontal cortex-mediated temporal order recognition memory and attention. Animals injected with high-dose MPH exhibited significantly elevated locomotive activity. Inhibiting the function of synaptosomal-associated protein 25, a key SNARE protein involved in NMDAR exocytosis, blocked the increase of NMDAR-mediated EPSCs by low-dose MPH. In animals exposed to repeated stress, administration of low-dose MPH effectively restored NMDAR function and temporal order recognition memory via a mechanism dependent on synaptosomal-associated protein 25. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a potential mechanism underlying the cognitive-enhancing effects of low-dose MPH as well as the psychosis-inducing effects of high-dose MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lara J. Duffney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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371
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Abdallah CG, Jiang L, De Feyter HM, Fasula M, Krystal JH, Rothman DL, Mason GF, Sanacora G. Glutamate metabolism in major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171:1320-7. [PMID: 25073688 PMCID: PMC4472484 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on novel treatments for major depressive disorder focuses quite deeply on glutamate function, and this research would benefit from a brain-imaging technique that precisely quantified glutamate function. Signs of a specific form of glutamate-related dysfunction that could be targeted by novel therapies were found using novel, state-of-the-art techniques to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G. Abdallah
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT 06508,Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Henk M. De Feyter
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Madonna Fasula
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT 06508
| | - John H. Krystal
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT 06508
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Graeme F. Mason
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT 06508,Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry/Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), New Haven, CT 06508
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Ménard C, Quirion R, Vigneault E, Bouchard S, Ferland G, El Mestikawy S, Gaudreau P. Glutamate presynaptic vesicular transporter and postsynaptic receptor levels correlate with spatial memory status in aging rat models. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1471-82. [PMID: 25556161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In humans, memory capacities are generally affected with aging, even without any reported neurologic disorders. The mechanisms behind cognitive decline are not well understood. We studied here whether postsynaptic glutamate receptor and presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) levels may change in the course of aging and be related to cognitive abilities using various age-impaired (AI) or age-unimpaired rat strains. Twenty-four-month-old Long-Evans (LE) rats with intact spatial memory maintained postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptor levels in the hippocampal-adjacent cortex similar to those of young animals. In contrast, AI rats showed significantly reduced expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor GluR2, NR2A and NR2B subunits. In AI LE rats, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 levels were increased and negatively correlated with receptor levels as shown by principal component analysis and correlation matrices. We also investigated whether glutamatergic receptors and VGLUT levels were altered in the obesity-resistant LOU/C/Jall (LOU) rat strain which is characterized by intact memory despite aging. No difference was observed between 24-month-old LOU rats and their young counterparts. Taken together, the unaltered spatial memory performance of 24-month-old age-unimpaired LE and LOU rats suggests that intact coordination of the presynaptic and postsynaptic hippocampal-adjacent cortex glutamatergic networks may be important for successful cognitive aging. Accordingly, altered expression of presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamatergic components, such as in AI LE rats, could be considered a marker of age-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ménard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rémi Quirion
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Bouchard
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U952, CNRS UMR7224, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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373
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Abdallah CG, Sanacora G, Duman RS, Krystal JH. Ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: a window into a new neurobiology for mood disorder therapeutics. Annu Rev Med 2014; 66:509-23. [PMID: 25341010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-053013-062946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is the prototype for a new generation of glutamate-based antidepressants that rapidly alleviate depression within hours of treatment. Over the past decade, there has been replicated evidence demonstrating the rapid and potent antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Moreover, preclinical and biomarker studies have begun to elucidate the mechanism underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, offering a new window into the biology of depression and identifying a plethora of potential treatment targets. This article discusses the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ketamine, summarizes the neurobiology of depression, reviews the mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, and discusses the prospects for next-generation rapid-acting antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511; , , ,
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374
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Li C, Xie M, Luo F, He C, Wang J, Tan G, Hu Z. The extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure differently affects the AMPAR and NMDAR subunit expressions in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and prefrontal cortex without effects on the rat spatial learning and memory. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:74-80. [PMID: 25046815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure (14 and 28 days) to a 50 Hz, 0.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on the NMDAR and AMPAR subunit expressions and rat spatial learning and memory. Using the Western blotting method, we found ELF-MF exposure specifically decreased the expressions of GluA2 in the EC post 28 day exposure and GluA3 of AMPAR subunits in the PFC after 14 day exposure, while it did not affect the AMPAR subunit expression in the hippocampus at both time points. As for NMDAR subunits, 14 day ELF-MF exposure significantly increased the levels of GluN2A and GluN2B in the hippocampus. Moreover, the levels of GluN1 and GluN2A were enhanced in the EC and PFC after two weeks of ELF-MF exposure. Interestingly, 28 day ELF-MF exposure induced a different expression pattern for NMDAR subunits. The increased GluN2A expression observed at 14 day post ELF-MF exposure was recovered after prolonged exposure in the hippocampus and PFC. In the EC, the increased expression of GluN1 achieved to control level and, specifically, a decrease in GluN2A level was observed. Surprisingly, neither 14 nor 28 day ELF-MF did affect the rat spatial reference memory as assessed by water maze. These results indicate that the dynamic and brain-region specific changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor expression induced by ELF-MF are insufficient to influence the rat spatial learning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Meilan Xie
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Fenlan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhian Hu
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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375
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Guo F, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Fu Z, Wu B, Huang C, Li Y. Burst-firing patterns in the prefrontal cortex underlying the neuronal mechanisms of depression probed by antidepressants. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3538-47. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zhiwen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
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376
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Isoflurane impairs learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation via the saturation of synaptic plasticity. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:302-10. [PMID: 24758773 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthesia induces long-lasting cognitive and learning deficits. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The GluA1 subunit of AMPAR is a key molecule for learning and synaptic plasticity, which requires trafficking of GluA1-containing AMPARs into the synapse. METHODS Adult male rats were exposed to 1.8% isoflurane for 2 h and subjected to an inhibitory avoidance task, which is a hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning paradigm (n = 16 to 39). The in vitro extracellular field potential of hippocampal synapses between the Schaffer collateral and the CA1 was evaluated using a multielectrode recorder (n = 6 per group). GluA1 expression in the synaptoneurosome was assessed using Western blotting (n = 5 to 8). The ubiquitination level of GluA1 was evaluated using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Seven days after exposure to 1.8% isoflurane for 2 h (Iso1.8), the inhibitory avoidance learning (control vs. Iso1.8; 294 ± 34 vs. 138 ± 28, the mean ± SEM [%]; P = 0.002) and long-term potentiation (125.7 ± 6.1 vs. 105.7 ± 3.3; P < 0.001) were impaired. Iso1.8 also temporarily increased GluA1 in the synaptoneurosomes (100 ± 9.7 vs. 138.9 ± 8.9; P = 0.012) and reduced the GluA1 ubiquitination, a main degradation pathway of GluA1 (100 ± 8.7 vs. 71.1 ± 6.1; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane impairs hippocampal learning and modulates synaptic plasticity in the postanesthetic period. Increased GluA1 may reduce synaptic capacity for additional GluA1-containing AMPARs trafficking.
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377
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Stone TW, Darlington LG. The kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1211-27. [PMID: 23647169 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neurochemical basis for cognitive function is one of the major goals of neuroscience, with a potential impact on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. In this review, the focus will be on a biochemical pathway that remains under-recognized in its implications for brain function, even though it can be responsible for moderating the activity of two neurotransmitters fundamentally involved in cognition - glutamate and acetylcholine. Since this pathway - the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism - is induced by immunological activation and stress, it also stands in a unique position to mediate the effects of environmental factors on cognition and behaviour. Targeting the pathway for new drug development could, therefore, be of value not only for the treatment of existing psychiatric conditions, but also for preventing the development of cognitive disorders in response to environmental pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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378
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Agudelo L, Femenía T, Orhan F, Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Goiny M, Martinez-Redondo V, Correia J, Izadi M, Bhat M, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Pettersson A, Ferreira D, Krook A, Barres R, Zierath J, Erhardt S, Lindskog M, Ruas J. Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α1 Modulates Kynurenine Metabolism and Mediates Resilience to Stress-Induced Depression. Cell 2014; 159:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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379
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Levy-Gigi E, Richter-Levin G, Kéri S. The hidden price of repeated traumatic exposure: different cognitive deficits in different first-responders. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:281. [PMID: 25191237 PMCID: PMC4138485 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on first responders who are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events report low levels of PTSD symptoms and diagnosis. However, neuroimaging and behavioral studies show that traumatic exposure is associated with brain and cognitive dysfunctions. Taking together it may suggest that traumatic exposure have a price, which is not sufficiently defined by the standard PTSD measures. In a recent study we revealed that similar to individuals with PTSD, non-PTSD highly exposed firefighters display a selective impairment in hippocampal related functions. In the current study we aimed to test whether different first responders display a similar impairment. We concentrated on unique populations of active duty firefighters and criminal scene-investigators (CSI) police, who are frequently exposed to similar levels and types of traumatic events, and compared them to civilian matched-controls with no history of trauma-exposure. We used a hippocampal dependent cue-context reversal paradigm, which separately evaluates reversal of negative and positive outcomes of cue and context related information. We predicted and found that all participants were equally able to acquire and retain stimulus-outcome associations. However, there were significant differences in reversal learning between the groups. Performance among firefighters replicated our prior findings; they struggled to learn that a previously negative context is later associated with a positive outcome. CSI police on the other hand showed a selective impairment in reversing the outcome of a negative cue. Hence after learning that a specific cue is associated with a negative outcome, they could not learn that later it is associated with a positive outcome. Performance in both groups did not correlate with levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression or behavioral inhibition symptoms. The results provide further evidence of the hidden price of traumatic exposure, suggesting that this price may differ as a function of occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Levy-Gigi
- The institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; Nyírö Gyula Hospital, National Psychiatry and Addiction Center Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- The institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; Department of Psychology, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Nyírö Gyula Hospital, National Psychiatry and Addiction Center Budapest, Hungary ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary ; Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest, Hungary
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380
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do Vale S, Selinger L, Martins JM, Gomes AC, Bicho M, do Carmo I, Escera C. The relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), working memory and distraction--a behavioral and electrophysiological approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104869. [PMID: 25105970 PMCID: PMC4126777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) have been reported to have memory enhancement effects in humans. A neuro-stimulatory action and an anti-cortisol mechanism of action may contribute to that relation. In order to study DHEA, DHEAS and cortisol relations to working memory and distraction, we recorded the electroencephalogram of 23 young women performing a discrimination (no working memory load) or 1-back (working memory load) task in an audio-visual oddball paradigm. We measured salivary DHEA, DHEAS and cortisol both before each task and at 30 and 60 min. Under working memory load, a higher baseline cortisol/DHEA ratio was related to higher distraction as indexed by an enhanced novelty P3. This suggests that cortisol may lead to increased distraction whereas DHEA may hinder distraction by leading to less processing of the distractor. An increased DHEA production with consecutive cognitive tasks was found and higher DHEA responses attributed to working memory load were related to enhanced working memory processing as indexed by an enhanced visual P300. Overall, the results suggest that in women DHEA may oppose cortisol effects reducing distraction and that a higher DHEA response may enhance working memory at the electrophysiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia do Vale
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Endocrinology University Clinic, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
- Metabolism and Endocrinology Center, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Lenka Selinger
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - João Martin Martins
- Endocrinology University Clinic, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
- Metabolism and Endocrinology Center, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho Gomes
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Metabolism and Endocrinology Center, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel do Carmo
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carles Escera
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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381
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Yuen EY, Qin L, Wei J, Liu W, Liu A, Yan Z. Synergistic regulation of glutamatergic transmission by serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in prefrontal cortical neurons. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25177-85. [PMID: 25056951 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoamine system in the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in various mental disorders and has been the major target of anxiolytics and antidepressants. Clinical studies show that serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) produce better therapeutic effects than single selective reuptake inhibitors, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we found that low dose SNRIs, by acting on 5-HT(1A) and α2-adrenergic receptors, synergistically reduced AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and AMPAR surface expression in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons via a mechanism involving Rab5/dynamin-mediated endocytosis of AMPARs. The synergistic effect of SNRIs on AMPARs was blocked by inhibition of activator of G protein signaling 3, a G protein modulator that prevents reassociation of G(i) protein α subunit and prolongs the βγ-mediated signaling pathway. Moreover, the depression of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents by SNRIs required p38 kinase activity, which was increased by 5-HT(1A) and α2-adrenergic receptor co-activation in an activator of G protein signaling 3-dependent manner. These results have revealed a potential mechanism for the synergy between the serotonin and norepinephrine systems in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission in cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y Yuen
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214 and
| | - Luye Qin
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214 and
| | - Jing Wei
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214 and Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York 14215
| | - Wenhua Liu
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214 and
| | - Aiyi Liu
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214 and
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214 and Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York 14215
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382
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Blumenthal H, Leen-Feldner EW, Badour CL, Trainor CD, Babson KA. Pubertal maturation and cortisol level in response to a novel social environment among female adolescents. J Adolesc 2014; 37:893-900. [PMID: 25014316 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates changes in HPA-axis activity across puberty. The current study extends existing work by evaluating pubertal status and cortisol level in a novel social environment (research laboratory) while controlling for several important biological, behavioral, and psychological variables. Participants were 30 girls (ages 9-16 years) from the United States. Pubertal status was assessed via the Pubertal Development Scale. Salivary samples were collected at laboratory-introduction and a matched at-home period; laboratory-introduction levels were regressed on basal cortisol levels to create standardized residual scores. After controlling for covariates, pubertal status was positively associated with residualized cortisol values. Findings indicate more advanced puberty related to greater cortisol response to the laboratory; data are discussed in terms of future research and building biopsychosocial models of the puberty-psychopathology linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christal L Badour
- University of Arkansas, Department of Psychological Science, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A Babson
- Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, United States; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
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383
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Tzanoulinou S, Riccio O, de Boer MW, Sandi C. Peripubertal stress-induced behavioral changes are associated with altered expression of genes involved in excitation and inhibition in the amygdala. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e410. [PMID: 25004390 PMCID: PMC4119221 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress is a critical risk factor for developing psychopathological alterations later in life. This early adverse environment has been modeled in rats by exposure to stress during the peripubertal period-that is, corresponding to childhood and puberty-and has been shown to lead to increased emotionality, decreased sociability and pathological aggression. The amygdala, particularly its central nucleus (CeA), is hyperactivated in this model, consistent with evidence implicating this nucleus in the regulation of social and aggressive behaviors. Here, we investigated potential changes in the gene expression of molecular markers of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the CeA. We found that peripubertal stress led to an increase in the expression of mRNA encoding NR1 (the obligatory subunit of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor) but to a reduction in the level of mRNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), an enzyme that is critically involved in the activity-dependent synthesis of GABA, and to an increase in the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)/vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) ratio in the CeA. These molecular alterations were present in addition to increased novelty reactivity, sociability deficits and increased aggression. Our results also showed that the full extent of the peripubertal protocol was required for the observed behavioral and neurobiological effects because exposure during only the childhood/prepubertal period (Juvenile Stress) or the male pubertal period (Puberty Stress) was insufficient to elicit the same effects. These findings highlight peripuberty as a period in which stress can lead to long-term programming of the genes involved in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the CeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tzanoulinou
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Riccio
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M W de Boer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15—ABB 115, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. E-mail:
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384
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Song F, Li Q, Wan ZY, Zhao YJ, Huang F, Yang Q, Zhao WF, Zhang M, Chen YJ. Lamotrigine reverses masseter overactivity caused by stress maybe via Glu suppression. Physiol Behav 2014; 137:25-32. [PMID: 24955497 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and non-experimental stress significantly increase masseter muscle tone, which has been linked to the symptoms and pathogenesis of several stomatognathic system diseases. Until now, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has remained unclear. The current study was performed to determine the mechanism of the stress-induced increase in masseter muscle tone and to investigate the effect of lamotrigine on this change. Animals challenged by repeated restraint stress received either saline as a vehicle or lamotrigine in doses of 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg body weight, whereas control animals received saline without stress treatment. Masseter muscle tone was assessed using electromyography. The activity of glutamate-related metabolic enzymes (glutaminase and glutamine synthetase) in the trigeminal motor nucleus was also investigated. Our results showed an interesting phenomenon: masseter muscle activity increased concurrently with the upregulation of the glutamate concentration after stress treatment. The activities of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase in the trigeminal motor nucleus were also upregulated and downregulated, respectively, when the rats were challenged by prolonged stress. The animals treated with lamotrigine at moderate and high doses had significantly decreased masseter muscle tone compared with stressed animals treated with vehicle. These results suggested that increased glutaminase activity and decreased glutamine synthetase activity increased glutamate production and decreased glutamate decomposition, causing an increase in glutamate levels in the trigeminal motor nucleus and eventually increasing masseter muscle tone. The administration of lamotrigine at doses of 30 or 40 mg/kg body weight effectively mitigated the adverse effects of stress on masseter muscle tone via inhibition of glutamate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Stomatology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Dongsishitiao Road South Gate Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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385
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The effects of stress on glutamatergic transmission in the brain. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1139-43. [PMID: 24939697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress leads to detrimental effects on brain functions and results in various diseases. Recent studies highlight the involvement of glutamatergic transmission in pathogenesis of depressive behaviors and fears. Acute stress generates different impacts on the excitatory transmission compared to chronic stress. Different neuromodulators and epigenetic factors also participate in the alteration of synaptic transmission and the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Restoration of the glutamatergic transmission in stress-affected brain areas therefore provides novel directions of therapeutic interventions against stress.
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386
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Plattner F, Hernández A, Kistler TM, Pozo K, Zhong P, Yuen EY, Tan C, Hawasli AH, Cooke SF, Nishi A, Guo A, Wiederhold T, Yan Z, Bibb JA. Memory enhancement by targeting Cdk5 regulation of NR2B. Neuron 2014; 81:1070-1083. [PMID: 24607229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many psychiatric and neurological disorders are characterized by learning and memory deficits, for which cognitive enhancement is considered a valid treatment strategy. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a prime target for the development of cognitive enhancers because of its fundamental role in learning and memory. In particular, the NMDAR subunit NR2B improves synaptic plasticity and memory when overexpressed in neurons. However, NR2B regulation is not well understood and no therapies potentiating NMDAR function have been developed. Here, we show that serine 1116 of NR2B is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Cdk5-dependent NR2B phosphorylation is regulated by neuronal activity and controls the receptor's cell surface expression. Disrupting NR2B-Cdk5 interaction via a small interfering peptide (siP) increases NR2B surface levels, facilitates synaptic transmission, and improves memory formation in vivo. Our results reveal a regulatory mechanism critical to NR2B function that can be targeted for the development of cognitive enhancers. VIDEO ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adan Hernández
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tara M Kistler
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karine Pozo
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Eunice Y Yuen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ammar H Hawasli
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sam F Cooke
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology, CNS Development, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | | | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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387
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Wei J, Yuen EY, Liu W, Li X, Zhong P, Karatsoreos IN, McEwen BS, Yan Z. Estrogen protects against the detrimental effects of repeated stress on glutamatergic transmission and cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:588-98. [PMID: 23835908 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that females and males show different responses to stress; however, little is known about the mechanism underlying the sexually dimorphic effects of stress. In this study, we found that young female rats exposed to 1 week of repeated restraint stress show no negative effects on temporal order recognition memory (TORM), a cognitive process controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which was contrary to the impairment in TORM observed in stressed males. Concomitantly, normal glutamatergic transmission and glutamate receptor surface expression in PFC pyramidal neurons were found in repeatedly stressed females, in contrast to the significant reduction seen in stressed males. The detrimental effects of repeated stress on TORM and glutamate receptors were unmasked in stressed females when estrogen receptors were inhibited or knocked down in PFC, and were prevented in stressed males with the administration of estradiol. Blocking aromatase, the enzyme for the biosynthesis of estrogen, revealed the stress-induced glutamatergic deficits and memory impairment in females, and the level of aromatase was significantly higher in the PFC of females than in males. These results suggest that estrogen protects against the detrimental effects of repeated stress on glutamatergic transmission and PFC-dependent cognition, which may underlie the stress resilience of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - E Y Yuen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - W Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - I N Karatsoreos
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - B S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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388
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Liu ZP, Song C, Wang M, He Y, Xu XB, Pan HQ, Chen WB, Peng WJ, Pan BX. Chronic stress impairs GABAergic control of amygdala through suppressing the tonic GABAA receptor currents. Mol Brain 2014; 7:32. [PMID: 24758222 PMCID: PMC4012764 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress is generally known to exacerbate the development of numerous neuropsychiatric diseases such as fear and anxiety disorders, which is at least partially due to the disinhibition of amygdala subsequent to the prolonged stress exposure. GABA receptor A (GABAAR) mediates the primary component of inhibition in brain and its activation produces two forms of inhibition: the phasic and tonic inhibition. While both of them are critically engaged in limiting the activity of amygdala, their roles in the amygdala disinhibition subsequent to chronic stress exposure are largely unknown. Results We investigated the possible alterations of phasic and tonic GABAAR currents and their roles in the amygdala disinhibition subsequent to chronic stress. We found that both chronic immobilization and unpredictable stress led to long lasting loss of tonic GABAAR currents in the projection neurons of lateral amygdala. By contrast, the phasic GABAAR currents, as measured by the spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, were virtually unaltered. The loss of tonic inhibition varied with the duration of daily stress and the total days of stress exposure. It was prevented by pretreatment with metyrapone to block corticosterone synthesis or RU 38486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, suggesting the critical involvement of glucocorticoid receptor activation. Moreover, chronic treatment with corticosterone mimicked the effect of chronic stress and reduced the tonic inhibition in lateral amygdala of control mice. The loss of tonic inhibition resulted in the impaired GABAergic gating on neuronal excitability in amygdala, which was prevented by metyrapone pretreatment. Conclusions Our study suggests that enduring loss of tonic but not phasic GABAAR currents critically contributes to the prolonged amygdala disinhibition subsequent to chronic stress. We propose that the preferential loss of tonic inhibition may account for the development of stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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389
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Myers B, McKlveen JM, Herman JP. Glucocorticoid actions on synapses, circuits, and behavior: implications for the energetics of stress. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:180-196. [PMID: 24361584 PMCID: PMC4422101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli that signal real or potential threats to homeostasis lead to glucocorticoid secretion by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Glucocorticoids promote energy redistribution and are critical for survival and adaptation. This adaptation requires the integration of multiple systems and engages key limbic-neuroendocrine circuits. Consequently, glucocorticoids have profound effects on synaptic physiology, circuit regulation of stress responsiveness, and, ultimately, behavior. While glucocorticoids initiate adaptive processes that generate energy for coping, prolonged or inappropriate glucocorticoid secretion becomes deleterious. Inappropriate processing of stressful information may lead to energetic drive that does not match environmental demand, resulting in risk factors for pathology. Thus, dysregulation of the HPA axis may promote stress-related illnesses (e.g. depression, PTSD). This review summarizes the latest developments in central glucocorticoid actions on synaptic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral regulation. Additionally, these findings will be discussed in terms of the energetic integration of stress and the importance of context-specific regulation of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jessica M McKlveen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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390
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Regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:414-424. [PMID: 23906531 PMCID: PMC3864617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have implicated disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) as a risk factor for a wide range of mental conditions, including schizophrenia. Because N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction has been strongly linked to the pathophysiology of these conditions, we examined whether the NMDAR is a potential target of DISC1. METHODS DISC1 was knocked down with a small inference RNA. NMDAR-mediated currents were recorded and NMDAR expression was measured. RESULTS We found that cellular knockdown of DISC1 significantly increased NMDAR currents in cortical cultures, which were accompanied by an increase in the expression of NMDAR subunit, GluN2A. NMDAR-mediated synaptic response in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons was also increased by DISC1 knockdown in vivo. The effect of DISC1 knockdown on NMDAR currents in cortical cultures was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, occluded by PKA activator, and prevented by phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Knockdown of DISC1 caused a significant increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) activity. Inhibiting CREB prevented the DISC1 deficiency-induced increase of NMDAR currents and GluN2A clusters. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DISC1 exerts an important impact on NMDAR expression and function through a phosphodiesterase 4/PKA/CREB-dependent mechanism, which provides a potential molecular basis for the role of DISC1 in influencing NMDAR-dependent cognitive and emotional processes.
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391
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Deng Y, Xiong Z, Chen P, Wei J, Chen S, Yan Z. β-amyloid impairs the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:449-59. [PMID: 24094580 PMCID: PMC7034321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the synaptic actions of GSK-3 in AD conditions are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the impact of GSK-3 on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels, the major mediator of synaptic plasticity. Application of GSK-3 inhibitors or knockdown of GSK-3 caused a significant reduction of NMDAR-mediated ionic and synaptic current in cortical neurons, whereas this effect of GSK-3 was impaired in cortical neurons treated with β-amyloid (Aβ) or from transgenic mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein. GSK-3 activity was elevated by Aβ, and GSK-3 inhibitors failed to decrease the surface expression of NMDA receptor NR1 (NR1) and NR1/postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) interaction in amyloid precursor protein mice, which was associated with the diminished GSK-3 regulation of Rab5 activity that mediates NMDAR internalization. Consequently, GSK-3 inhibitor lost the capability of protecting neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in Aβ-treated neurons. These results have provided a novel mechanism underlying the involvement of GSK-3 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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392
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Yamashita A, Hamada A, Suhara Y, Kawabe R, Yanase M, Kuzumaki N, Narita M, Matsui R, Okano H, Narita M. Astrocytic activation in the anterior cingulate cortex is critical for sleep disorder under neuropathic pain. Synapse 2014; 68:235-47. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Asami Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Yuki Suhara
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Rui Kawabe
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Makoto Yanase
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Physiology; Keio University School of Medicine; 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsui
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University; Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology; Keio University School of Medicine; 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology; Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
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393
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Music G. Top down and bottom up: trauma, executive functioning, emotional regulation, the brain and child psychotherapy. JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0075417x.2014.883125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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394
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Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens regulate depression-like behaviors in the chronic neuropathic pain state. J Neurosci 2014; 33:19034-44. [PMID: 24285907 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2454-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a salient emotional feature of chronic pain. Depression alters the pain threshold and impairs functional recovery. To date, however, there has been limited understanding of synaptic or circuit mechanisms that regulate depression in the pain state. Here, we demonstrate that depression-like behaviors are induced in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain. Using this model, we show that chronic pain selectively increases the level of GluA1 subunits of AMPA-type glutamate receptors at the synapses of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key component of the brain reward system. We find, in addition, that this increase in GluA1 levels leads to the formation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CPARs). Surprisingly, pharmacologic blockade of these CPARs in the NAc increases depression-like behaviors associated with pain. Consistent with these findings, an AMPA receptor potentiator delivered into the NAc decreases pain-induced depression. These results show that transmission through CPARs in the NAc represents a novel molecular mechanism modulating the depressive symptoms of pain, and thus CPARs may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of pain-induced depression. More generally, these findings highlight the role of central glutamate signaling in pain states and define the brain reward system as an important region for the regulation of depressive symptoms of pain.
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395
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Soares JM, Sampaio A, Marques P, Ferreira LM, Santos NC, Marques F, Palha JA, Cerqueira JJ, Sousa N. Plasticity of resting state brain networks in recovery from stress. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:919. [PMID: 24416009 PMCID: PMC3873630 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has been widely reported to have deleterious impact in multiple biological systems. Specifically, structural and functional remodeling of several brain regions following prolonged stress exposure have been described; importantly, some of these changes are eventually reversible. Recently, we showed the impact of stress on resting state networks (RSNs), but nothing is known about the plasticity of RSNs after recovery from stress. Herein, we examined the “plasticity” of RSNs, both at functional and structural levels, by comparing the same individuals before and after recovery from the exposure to chronic stress; results were also contrasted with a control group. Here we show that the stressed individuals after recovery displayed a decreased resting functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), and sensorimotor network (SMN) when compared to themselves immediately after stress; however, this functional plastic recovery was only partial as when compared with the control group, as there were still areas of increased connectivity in dorsal attention network (DAN), SMN and primary visual network (VN) in participants recovered from stress. Data also shows that participants after recovery from stress displayed increased deactivations in DMN, SMN, and auditory network (AN), to levels similar to those of controls, showing a normalization of the deactivation pattern in RSNs after recovery from stress. In contrast, structural changes (volumetry) of the brain areas involving these networks are absent after the recovery period. These results reveal plastic phenomena in specific RSNs and a functional remodeling of the activation-deactivation pattern following recovery from chronic-stress, which is not accompanied by significant structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís M Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - Nadine C Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana A Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - João J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ; Clinical Academic Center Braga, Portugal
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396
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Abstract
Shank3, which encodes a scaffolding protein at glutamatergic synapses, is a genetic risk factor for autism. In this study, we examined the impact of Shank3 deficiency on the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, a key player in cognition and mental illnesses. We found that knockdown of Shank3 with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) caused a significant reduction of NMDAR-mediated ionic or synaptic current, as well as the surface expression of NR1 subunits, in rat cortical cultures. The effect of Shank3 siRNA on NMDAR currents was blocked by an actin stabilizer, and was occluded by an actin destabilizer, suggesting the involvement of actin cytoskeleton. Since actin dynamics is regulated by the GTPase Rac1 and downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK), we further examined Shank3 regulation of NMDARs when Rac1 or PAK was manipulated. We found that the reducing effect of Shank3 siRNA on NMDAR currents was mimicked and occluded by specific inhibitors for Rac1 or PAK, and was blocked by constitutively active Rac1 or PAK. Immunocytochemical data showed a strong reduction of F-actin clusters after Shank3 knockdown, which was occluded by a PAK inhibitor. Inhibiting cofilin, the primary downstream target of PAK and a major actin depolymerizing factor, prevented Shank3 siRNA from reducing NMDAR currents and F-actin clusters. Together, these results suggest that Shank3 deficiency induces NMDAR hypofunction by interfering with the Rac1/PAK/cofilin/actin signaling, leading to the loss of NMDAR membrane delivery or stability. It provides a potential mechanism for the role of Shank3 in cognitive deficit in autism.
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397
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Chronic stress induces a selective decrease in AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic excitation at hippocampal temporoammonic-CA1 synapses. J Neurosci 2013; 33:15669-74. [PMID: 24089474 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2588-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress promotes depression, but how it disrupts cognition and mood remains unknown. Chronic stress causes atrophy of pyramidal cell dendrites in the hippocampus and cortex in human and animal models, and a depressive-like behavioral state. We now test the hypothesis that excitatory temporoammonic (TA) synapses in the distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in rats are altered by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and restored by chronic antidepressant treatment, in conjunction with the behavioral consequences of CUS. We observed a decrease in AMPAR-mediated excitation at TA-CA1 synapses, but not Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, after CUS, with a corresponding layer-specific decrease in GluA1 expression. Both changes were reversed by chronic fluoxetine. CUS also disrupted long-term memory consolidation in the Morris water maze, a function of TA-CA1 synapses. The decreases in TA-CA1 AMPAR-mediated excitation and performance in the consolidation test were correlated positively with decreases in sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. We conclude that chronic stress selectively decreases AMPAR number and function at specific synapses and suggest that this underlies various depressive endophenotypes. Our findings provide evidence that glutamatergic dysfunction is an underlying cause of depression and that current first-line antidepressant drugs act by restoring excitatory synaptic strength. Our findings suggest novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating disease.
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398
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Negrón-Oyarzo I, Pérez MÁ, Terreros G, Muñoz P, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Effects of chronic stress in adolescence on learned fear, anxiety, and synaptic transmission in the rat prelimbic cortex. Behav Brain Res 2013; 259:342-53. [PMID: 24216268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The prelimbic cortex and amygdala regulate the extinction of conditioned fear and anxiety, respectively. In adult rats, chronic stress affects the dendritic morphology of these brain areas, slowing extinction of learned fear and enhancing anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine whether rats subjected to chronic stress in adolescence show changes in learned fear, anxiety, and synaptic transmission in the prelimbic cortex during adulthood. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to seven days of restraint stress on postnatal day forty-two (PND 42, adolescence). Afterward, the fear-conditioning paradigm was used to study conditioned fear extinction. Anxiety-like behavior was measured one day (PND 50) and twenty-one days (PND 70, adulthood) after stress using the elevated-plus maze and dark-light box tests, respectively. With another set of rats, excitatory synaptic transmission was analyzed with slices of the prelimbic cortex. Rats that had been stressed during adolescence and adulthood had higher anxiety-like behavior levels than did controls, while stress-induced slowing of learned fear extinction in adolescence was reversed during adulthood. As well, the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials of stressed adolescent rats had significantly lower amplitudes than those of controls, although the amplitudes were higher in adulthood. Our results demonstrate that short-term stress in adolescence induces strong effects on excitatory synaptic transmission in the prelimbic cortex and extinction of learned fear, where the effect of stress on anxiety is more persistent than on the extinction of learned fear. These data contribute to the understanding of stress neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Terreros
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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399
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Finsterwald C, Alberini CM. Stress and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent mechanisms in long-term memory: from adaptive responses to psychopathologies. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 112:17-29. [PMID: 24113652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A proper response against stressors is critical for survival. In mammals, the stress response is primarily mediated by secretion of glucocorticoids via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and release of catecholamines through adrenergic neurotransmission. Activation of these pathways results in a quick physical response to the stress and, in adaptive conditions, mediates long-term changes in the brain that lead to the formation of long-term memories of the experience. These long-term memories are an essential adaptive mechanism that allows an animal to effectively face similar demands again. Indeed, a moderate stress level has a strong positive effect on memory and cognition, as a single arousing or moderately stressful event can be remembered for up to a lifetime. Conversely, exposure to extreme, traumatic, or chronic stress can have the opposite effect and cause memory loss, cognitive impairments, and stress-related psychopathologies such as anxiety disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While more effort has been devoted to the understanding of the negative effects of chronic stress, much less has been done thus far on the identification of the mechanisms engaged in the brain when stress promotes long-term memory formation. Understanding these mechanisms will provide critical information for use in ameliorating memory processes in both normal and pathological conditions. Here, we will review the role of glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in memory formation and modulation. Furthermore, we will discuss recent findings on the molecular cascade of events underlying the effect of GR activation in adaptive levels of stress that leads to strong, long-lasting memories. Our recent data indicate that the positive effects of GR activation on memory consolidation critically engage the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway. We propose and will discuss the hypothesis that stress promotes the formation of strong long-term memories because the activation of hippocampal GRs after learning is coupled to the recruitment of the growth and pro-survival BDNF/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, which is well-know to be a general mechanism required for long-term memory formation. We will then speculate about how these results may explain the negative effects of traumatic or chronic stress on memory and cognitive functions.
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400
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McEwen BS, Morrison JH. The brain on stress: vulnerability and plasticity of the prefrontal cortex over the life course. Neuron 2013; 79:16-29. [PMID: 23849196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in working memory and self-regulatory and goal-directed behaviors and displays remarkable structural and functional plasticity over the life course. Neural circuitry, molecular profiles, and neurochemistry can be changed by experiences, which influence behavior as well as neuroendocrine and autonomic function. Such effects have a particular impact during infancy and in adolescence. Behavioral stress affects both the structure and function of PFC, though such effects are not necessarily permanent, as young animals show remarkable neuronal resilience if the stress is discontinued. During aging, neurons within the PFC become less resilient to stress. There are also sex differences in the PFC response to stressors. While such stress and sex hormone-related alterations occur in regions mediating the highest levels of cognitive function and self-regulatory control, the fact that they are not necessarily permanent has implications for future behavior-based therapies that harness neural plasticity for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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