351
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Establishment of an Evaluation Method for Gene Silencing by Serial Pulmonary Administration of siRNA and pDNA Powders: Naked siRNA Inhalation Powder Suppresses Luciferase Gene Expression in the Lung. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2661-2667. [PMID: 30954524 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the in vivo effect of inhaled formulations, it is a gold standard to create a lung metastasis model by intravenously injecting cancer cells into an animal. Because the cancer grows from the blood vessel side, there is a possibility of underestimating the effect of an inhaled formulation administered to the lung epithelium side. In addition, the metastasis model has disadvantages in terms of preparation time and expense. The present study aimed to establish a new method to evaluate the effect of an inhaled small interfering RNA (siRNA) formulation that is more correct, more rapid, and less expensive. We investigated whether siRNA can suppress gene expression of plasmid DNA (pDNA) by serial pulmonary administration of siRNA and pDNA powders prepared by spray-freeze-drying. We revealed that formulations of dry siRNA powder significantly suppressed gene expression of pDNA powder compared with a control group with no siRNA. Naked siRNA inhalation powder with no vector showed the suppression of gene expression equivalent to that of an siRNA-polyethyleneimine complex without damaging tissues. These results show that the present method is suitable for evaluating the gene-silencing effect of inhaled siRNA powders.
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352
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Becker T, Le-Trilling VTK, Trilling M. Cellular Cullin RING Ubiquitin Ligases: Druggable Host Dependency Factors of Cytomegaloviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1636. [PMID: 30986950 PMCID: PMC6479302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus that frequently causes morbidity and mortality in individuals with insufficient immunity, such as transplant recipients, AIDS patients, and congenitally infected newborns. Several antiviral drugs are approved to treat HCMV infections. However, resistant HCMV mutants can arise in patients receiving long-term therapy. Additionally, side effects and the risk to cause birth defects limit the use of currently approved antivirals against HCMV. Therefore, the identification of new drug targets is of clinical relevance. Recent work identified DNA-damage binding protein 1 (DDB1) and the family of the cellular cullin (Cul) RING ubiquitin (Ub) ligases (CRLs) as host-derived factors that are relevant for the replication of human and mouse cytomegaloviruses. The first-in-class CRL inhibitory compound Pevonedistat (also called MLN4924) is currently under investigation as an anti-tumor drug in several clinical trials. Cytomegaloviruses exploit CRLs to regulate the abundance of viral proteins, and to induce the proteasomal degradation of host restriction factors involved in innate and intrinsic immunity. Accordingly, pharmacological blockade of CRL activity diminishes viral replication in cell culture. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the relevance of DDB1 and CRLs during cytomegalovirus replication and discuss chances and drawbacks of CRL inhibitory drugs as potential antiviral treatment against HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Becker
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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353
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Abstract
Small-molecule and protein/antibody drugs mainly act on genome-derived proteins to exert pharmacological effects. RNA based therapies hold the promise to expand the range of druggable targets from proteins to RNAs and the genome, as evidenced by several RNA drugs approved for clinical practice and many others under active trials. While chemo-engineered RNA mimics have found their success in marketed drugs and continue dominating basic research and drug development, these molecules are usually conjugated with extensive and various modifications. This makes them completely different from cellular RNAs transcribed from the genome that usually consist of unmodified ribonucleotides or just contain a few posttranscriptional modifications. The use of synthetic RNA mimics for RNA research and drug development is also in contrast with the ultimate success of protein research and therapy utilizing biologic or recombinant proteins produced and folded in living cells instead of polypeptides or proteins synthesized in vitro. Indeed, efforts have been made recently to develop RNA bioengineering technologies for cost-effective and large-scale production of biologic RNA molecules that may better capture the structures, functions, and safety profiles of natural RNAs. In this article, we provide an overview on RNA therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases via RNA interference mechanisms. By illustrating the structural differences between natural RNAs and chemo-engineered RNA mimics, we focus on discussion of a novel class of bioengineered/biologic RNA agents produced through fermentation and their potential applications to RNA research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Chao Jian
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Allan H Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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354
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Receptor-mediated delivery of therapeutic RNA by peptide functionalized curdlan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:633-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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355
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Direct Reprogramming of Human DMD Fibroblasts into Myotubes for In Vitro Evaluation of Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping and Exons 45-55 Skipping Accompanied by Rescue of Dystrophin Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1828:141-150. [PMID: 30171539 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8651-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of various genetic diseases and a therapy which has gained significant traction in recent years following FDA approval of new antisense-based drugs. Exon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) works by modulating dystrophin pre-mRNA splicing, preventing incorporation of frame-disrupting exons into the final mRNA product while maintaining the open reading frame, to produce a shortened-yet-functional protein as seen in milder Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patients. Exons 45-55 skipping in dystrophin is potentially applicable to approximately 47% of DMD patients because many mutations occur within this "mutation hotspot." In addition, patients naturally harboring a dystrophin exons 45-55 in-frame deletion mutation have an asymptomatic or exceptionally mild phenotype compared to shorter in-frame deletion mutations in this region. As such, exons 45-55 skipping could transform the DMD phenotype into an asymptomatic or very mild BMD phenotype and rescue nearly a half of DMD patients. In addition, this strategy is potentially applicable to some BMD patients as well, who have in-frame deletion mutations in this region. As the degree of exon skipping correlates with therapeutic outcomes, reliable measurements of exon skipping efficiencies are essential to the development of novel antisense-mediated exon skipping therapeutics. In the case of DMD, researchers have often relied upon human muscle fibers obtained from muscle biopsies for testing; however, this method is highly invasive and patient myofibers can display limited proliferative ability. To overcome these challenges, researchers can generate myofibers from patient fibroblast cells by transducing the cells with a viral vector containing MyoD, a myogenic regulatory factor. Here, we describe a methodology for assessing dystrophin exons 45-55 multiple skipping efficiency using antisense oligonucleotides in human muscle cells derived from DMD patient fibroblast cells.
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356
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Optimization of 2',4'-BNA/LNA-Based Oligonucleotides for Splicing Modulation In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1828:395-411. [PMID: 30171556 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8651-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated splicing modulation is an attractive strategy for treating genetic disorders. In 2016, two splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) were approved by the FDA. To date, various types of novel artificial nucleic acids have been developed, and their potential for splicing modulations has been demonstrated. To apply these novel chemistries to SSOs, it is necessary to determine the appropriate design for each artificial nucleic acid such as the length of the SSO and number of modifications. In this protocol, we focus on SSOs modified with 2'-O,4'-methylene-bridged nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA)/locked nucleic acid (LNA), which is an artificial nucleic acid that shows extremely high binding affinity to target RNA strands. We describe our typical protocol for the optimization of 2',4'-BNA-based SSOs.
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357
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Molina AG, Sanghvi YS. Liquid-Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis: Past, Present, and Future Predictions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:e82. [PMID: 30920171 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful paradigm with the ability to treat a wide range of the human diseases. As a result, we have witnessed more than one hundred oligonucleotides currently in active clinical trials and eight Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Until now, the demand for oligonucleotide-based drugs has been fulfilled by conventional solid-phase synthesis in an effective manner. However, there are products in advanced stages of clinical trials projecting a collective demand of metric ton quantities in the near future. Therefore, large-scale manufacturing of these products has become a high priority for process chemists. This article summarizes the advances in liquid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis (LPOS) as a possible alternative strategy to meet the scale-up challenge. A review of the literature describing major efforts in developing LPOS technologies is presented. Gratifyingly, serious attempts are under way to develop an efficient environmentally benign green chemistry protocol that is scalable and cost effective for the manufacturing of oligonucleotides. A summary of the most innovative LPOS protocols has been included to provide a glimpse of what may be possible in the future for large-scale production of oligonucleotides. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gimenez Molina
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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358
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Hayashi Y, Jono H. Recent Advances in Oligonucleotide-Based Therapy for Transthyretin Amyloidosis: Clinical Impact and Future Prospects. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1737-1744. [PMID: 30504675 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis, also known as transthyretin-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (ATTR-FAP), is a fatal hereditary systemic amyloidosis caused by mutant forms of TTR. Although conventional treatments for ATTR-FAP, such as liver transplantation (LT) and TTR tetramer stabilizer, reportedly halt the progression of clinical manifestation, these therapies have several limitations. Oligonucleotide-based therapy, e.g. small interfering RNA (siRNA)- and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)-based therapy, hold enormous potential for the treatment of intractable diseases such as ATTR-FAP, by specifically regulating the gene responsible for the disease. Clinical evidence strongly suggests that LT inhibits mutant TTR production, thus improving the manifestation of ATTR-FAP. Therefore, an oligonucleotide-based therapy for ATTR-FAP, which reduces the production of TTR by the liver, has recently been developed in preclinical and clinical studies. This review focuses on recent advances in oligonucleotide-based therapy and future prospects of next-generation oligonucleotide-based drugs for therapeutic use against ATTR-FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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359
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360
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Flamme M, McKenzie LK, Sarac I, Hollenstein M. Chemical methods for the modification of RNA. Methods 2019; 161:64-82. [PMID: 30905751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA is often considered as being the vector for the transmission of genetic information from DNA to the protein synthesis machinery. However, besides translation RNA participates in a broad variety of fundamental biological roles such as gene expression and regulation, protein synthesis, and even catalysis of chemical reactions. This variety of function combined with intricate three-dimensional structures and the discovery of over 100 chemical modifications in natural RNAs require chemical methods for the modification of RNAs in order to investigate their mechanism, location, and exact biological roles. In addition, numerous RNA-based tools such as ribozymes, aptamers, or therapeutic oligonucleotides require the presence of additional chemical functionalities to strengthen the nucleosidic backbone against degradation or enhance the desired catalytic or binding properties. Herein, the two main methods for the chemical modification of RNA are presented: solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite precursors and the enzymatic polymerization of nucleoside triphosphates. The different synthetic and biochemical steps required for each method are carefully described and recent examples of practical applications based on these two methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Flamme
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Luke K McKenzie
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ivo Sarac
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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361
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Delivery of GalNAc-Conjugated Splice-Switching ASOs to Non-hepatic Cells through Ectopic Expression of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:313-325. [PMID: 30965276 PMCID: PMC6453860 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising therapeutic tools to target various genetic diseases, including cancer. However, in vivo delivery of ASOs to orthotopic tumors in cancer mouse models or to certain target tissues remains challenging. A viable solution already in use is receptor-mediated uptake of ASOs via tissue-specific receptors. For example, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is exclusively expressed in hepatocytes. Triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) (GN3)-conjugated ASOs bind to the receptor and are efficiently internalized by endocytosis, enhancing ASO potency in the liver. Here we explore the use of GalNAc-mediated targeting to deliver therapeutic splice-switching ASOs to cancer cells that ectopically express ASGP-R, both in vitro and in tumor mouse models. We found that ectopic expression of the major isoform ASGP-R1 H1a is sufficient to promote uptake and increase GN3-ASO potency to various degrees in four of five tested cancer cells. We show that cell-type-specific glycosylation of the receptor does not affect its activity. In vivo, GN3-conjugated ASOs specifically target subcutaneous xenograft tumors that ectopically express ASGP-R1, and modulate splicing significantly more strongly than unconjugated ASOs. Our work shows that GN3-targeting is a useful tool for proof-of-principle studies in orthotopic cancer models, until endogenous receptors are identified and exploited for efficiently targeting cancer cells.
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362
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Hillebrand F, Ostermann PN, Müller L, Degrandi D, Erkelenz S, Widera M, Pfeffer K, Schaal H. Gymnotic Delivery of LNA Mixmers Targeting Viral SREs Induces HIV-1 mRNA Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051088. [PMID: 30832397 PMCID: PMC6429378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the HIV-1 provirus generates a viral pre-mRNA, which is alternatively spliced into more than 50 HIV-1 mRNAs encoding all viral proteins. Regulation of viral alternative splice site usage includes the presence of splicing regulatory elements (SREs) which can dramatically impact RNA expression and HIV-1 replication when mutated. Recently, we were able to show that two viral SREs, GI3-2 and ESEtat, are important players in the generation of viral vif, vpr and tat mRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that masking these SREs by transfected locked nucleic acid (LNA) mixmers affect the viral splicing pattern and viral particle production. With regard to the development of future therapeutic LNA mixmer-based antiretroviral approaches, we delivered the GI3-2 and the ESEtat LNA mixmers “nakedly”, without the use of transfection reagents (gymnosis) into HIV-1 infected cells. Surprisingly, we observed that gymnotically-delivered LNA mixmers accumulated in the cytoplasm, and seemed to co-localize with GW bodies and induced degradation of mRNAs containing their LNA target sequence. The GI3-2 and the ESEtat LNA-mediated RNA degradation resulted in abrogation of viral replication in HIV-1 infected Jurkat and PM1 cells as well as in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hillebrand
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Degrandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Steffen Erkelenz
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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363
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Yin W, Rogge M. Targeting RNA: A Transformative Therapeutic Strategy. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:98-112. [PMID: 30706991 PMCID: PMC6440575 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic pathways that modulate transcription mechanisms currently include gene knockdown and splicing modulation. However, additional mechanisms may come into play as more understanding of molecular biology and disease etiology emerge. Building on advances in chemistry and delivery technology, oligonucleotide therapeutics is emerging as an established, validated class of drugs that can modulate a multitude of genetic targets. These targets include over 10,000 proteins in the human genome that have hitherto been considered undruggable by small molecules and protein therapeutics. The approval of five oligonucleotides within the last 2 years elicited unprecedented excitement in the field. However, there are remaining challenges to overcome and significant room for future innovation to fully realize the potential of oligonucleotide therapeutics. In this review, we focus on the translational strategies encompassing preclinical evaluation and clinical development in the context of approved oligonucleotide therapeutics. Translational approaches with respect to pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, cardiac safety evaluation, and dose selection that are specific to this class of drugs are reviewed with examples. The mechanism of action, chemical evolution, and intracellular delivery of oligonucleotide therapies are only briefly reviewed to provide a general background for this class of drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Approval
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacokinetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA Stability/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/agonists
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacokinetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Quantitative Clinical PharmacologyTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LtdCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark Rogge
- Quantitative Clinical PharmacologyTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LtdCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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364
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Wiese CB, Zhong J, Xu ZQ, Zhang Y, Ramirez Solano MA, Zhu W, Linton MF, Sheng Q, Kon V, Vickers KC. Dual inhibition of endothelial miR-92a-3p and miR-489-3p reduces renal injury-associated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2019; 282:121-131. [PMID: 30731284 PMCID: PMC7484899 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, however, the underlying mechanisms that link CKD and CVD are not fully understood and limited treatment options exist in this high-risk population. microRNAs (miRNA) are critical regulators of gene expression for many biological processes in atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. We hypothesized that renal injury-induced endothelial miRNAs promote atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that dual inhibition of endothelial miRNAs inhibits atherosclerosis in the setting of renal injury. METHODS Aortic endothelial miRNAs were analyzed in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice with renal damage (5/6 nephrectomy, 5/6Nx) by real-time PCR. Endothelial miR-92a-3p and miR-489-3p were inhibited by locked-nucleic acid (LNA) miRNA inhibitors complexed to HDL. RESULTS Renal injury significantly increased endothelial miR-92a-3p levels in Apoe-/-;5/6Nx mice. Dual inhibition of miR-92a-3p and miR-489-3p in Apoe-/-;5/6Nx with a single injection of HDL + LNA inhibitors significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion area by 28.6% compared to HDL + LNA scramble (LNA-Scr) controls. To examine the impact of dual LNA treatment on aortic endothelial gene expression, total RNA sequencing was completed, and multiple putative target genes and pathways were identified to be significantly altered, including the STAT3 immune response pathway. Among the differentially expressed genes, Tgfb2 and Fam220a were identified as putative targets of miR-489-3p and miR-92a-3p, respectively. Both Tgfb2 and Fam220a were significantly increased in aortic endothelium after miRNA inhibition in vivo compared to HDL + LNA-Scr controls. Furthermore, Tgfb2 and Fam220a were validated with gene reporter assays as direct targets of miR-489-3p and miR-92a-3p, respectively. In human coronary artery endothelial cells, over-expression and inhibition of miR-92a-3p decreased and increased FAM220A expression, respectively. Moreover, miR-92a-3p overexpression increased STAT3 phosphorylation, likely through direct regulation of FAM220A, a negative regulator of STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These results support endothelial miRNAs as therapeutic targets and dual miRNA inhibition as viable strategy to reduce CKD-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhi-Qi Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Wanying Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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365
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Le BT, Raguraman P, Kosbar TR, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Veedu RN. Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Angiogenic Factors as Potential Cancer Therapeutics. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:142-157. [PMID: 30594893 PMCID: PMC6307321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy do not address the underlying molecular pathologies, leading to inadequate treatment and tumor recurrence. Angiogenic factors, such as EGF, PDGF, bFGF, TGF-β, TGF-α, VEGF, endoglin, and angiopoietins, play important roles in regulating tumor development and metastasis, and they serve as potential targets for developing cancer therapeutics. Nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies have received significant attention in the last two decades, and antisense oligonucleotide-mediated intervention is a prominent therapeutic approach for targeted manipulation of gene expression. Clinical benefits of antisense oligonucleotides have been recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with full or conditional approval of Vitravene, Kynamro, Exondys51, and Spinraza. Herein we review the scope of antisense oligonucleotides that target angiogenic factors toward tackling solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao T Le
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Prithi Raguraman
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tamer R Kosbar
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susan Fletcher
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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366
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Nedorezova DD, Fakhardo AF, Nemirich DV, Bryushkova EA, Kolpashchikov DM. Towards DNA Nanomachines for Cancer Treatment: Achieving Selective and Efficient Cleavage of Folded RNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4654-4658. [PMID: 30693619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of effort, gene therapy (GT) has failed to deliver clinically significant anticancer treatment, owing in part to low selectivity, low efficiency, and poor accessibility of folded RNA targets. Herein, we propose to solve these common problems of GT agents by using a DNA nanotechnology approach. We designed a deoxyribozyme-based DNA machine that can i) recognize the sequence of a cancer biomarker with high selectivity, ii) tightly bind a structured fragment of a housekeeping gene mRNA, and iii) cleave it with efficiency greater than that of a traditional DZ-based cleaving agent. An important advantage of the DNA nanomachine over other gene therapy approaches (antisense, siRNA, and CRISPR/cas) is its ability to cleave a housekeeping gene mRNA after being activated by a cancer marker RNA, which can potentially increase the efficiency of anticancer gene therapy. The DNA machine could become a prototype platform for a new type of anticancer GT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria D Nedorezova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Anna F Fakhardo
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Daria V Nemirich
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Bryushkova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry M Kolpashchikov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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367
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Nedorezova DD, Fakhardo AF, Nemirich DV, Bryushkova EA, Kolpashchikov DM. Towards DNA Nanomachines for Cancer Treatment: Achieving Selective and Efficient Cleavage of Folded RNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria D. Nedorezova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies ITMO University 9 Lomonosova Str. St. Petersburg 191002 Russian Federation
| | - Anna F. Fakhardo
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies ITMO University 9 Lomonosova Str. St. Petersburg 191002 Russian Federation
| | - Daria V. Nemirich
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies ITMO University 9 Lomonosova Str. St. Petersburg 191002 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Bryushkova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies ITMO University 9 Lomonosova Str. St. Petersburg 191002 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies ITMO University 9 Lomonosova Str. St. Petersburg 191002 Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2366 USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA
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368
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Kilchrist KV, Dimobi SC, Jackson MA, Evans BC, Werfel TA, Dailing EA, Bedingfield SK, Kelly IB, Duvall CL. Gal8 Visualization of Endosome Disruption Predicts Carrier-Mediated Biologic Drug Intracellular Bioavailability. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1136-1152. [PMID: 30629431 PMCID: PMC6995262 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endolysosome entrapment is one of the key barriers to the therapeutic use of biologic drugs that act intracellularly. The screening of prospective nanoscale endosome-disrupting delivery technologies is currently limited by methods that are indirect and cumbersome. Here, we statistically validate Galectin 8 (Gal8) intracellular tracking as a superior approach that is direct, quantitative, and predictive of therapeutic cargo intracellular bioactivity through in vitro high-throughput screening and in vivo validation. Gal8 is a cytosolically dispersed protein that, when endosomes are disrupted, redistributes by binding to glycosylation moieties selectively located on the inner face of endosomal membranes. The quantitative redistribution of a Gal8 fluorescent fusion protein from the cytosol into endosomes is demonstrated as a real-time, live-cell assessment of endosomal integrity that does not require labeling or modification of either the carrier or the biologic drug and that allows quantitative distinction between closely related, endosome-disruptive drug carriers. Through screening two families of siRNA polymeric carrier compositions at varying dosages, we show that Gal8 endosomal recruitment correlates strongly ( r = 0.95 and p < 10-4) with intracellular siRNA bioactivity. Through this screen, we gathered insights into how composition and molecular weight affect endosome disruption activity of poly[(ethylene glycol)- b-[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)- co-(butyl methacrylate)]] [PEG-(DMAEMA- co-BMA)] siRNA delivery systems. Additional studies showed that Gal8 recruitment predicts intracellular bioactivity better than current standard methods such as Lysotracker colocalization ( r = 0.35, not significant), pH-dependent hemolysis (not significant), or cellular uptake ( r = 0.73 and p < 10-3). Importantly, the Gal8 recruitment method is also amenable to fully objective high-throughput screening using automated image acquisition and quantitative image analysis, with a robust estimated Z' of 0.6 (whereas assays with Z' > 0 have high-throughput screening utility). Finally, we also provide measurements of in vivo endosomal disruption based on Gal8 visualization ( p < 0.03) of a nanocarrier formulation confirmed to produce significant cytosolic delivery and bioactivity of siRNA within tumors ( p < 0.02). In sum, this report establishes the utility of Gal8 subcellular tracking for the rapid optimization and high-throughput screening of the endosome disruption potency of intracellular delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron V. Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Somtochukwu C. Dimobi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Meredith A. Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Brian C. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | - Eric A. Dailing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sean K. Bedingfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Isom B. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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369
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Vita G, Vita GL, Musumeci O, Rodolico C, Messina S. Genetic neuromuscular disorders: living the era of a therapeutic revolution. Part 2: diseases of motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:671-681. [PMID: 30805745 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This is the second part of a two-part document intended to discuss recent therapeutic progresses in genetic neuromuscular disorders. The present review is for diseases of motor neuron and skeletal muscle, some of which reached recently the most innovative therapeutic approaches. Nusinersen, an SMN2 mRNA splicing modifier, was approved as first-ever therapy of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) by FDA in 2016 and by EMA in 2017. The orally administered small-molecule risdiplam, which increases SMN protein levels similarly but also in peripheral organs, is tested in ongoing phase 2 and 3 trials. After positive results with phase 1 treatment with AAV9-SMN, the first gene therapy for SMA, a phase 3 clinical trial is ongoing. Ataluren is the first approved drug for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with premature stop codon mutations and its indication has been recently extended since the age of 2 years. Exon skipping technology was and is currently tested in many phase 3 trials, and eteplirsen received a conditional approval by FDA for patients amenable to exon 51 skipping, but not by EMA. Many other compounds with different mechanisms of action are now tested in DMD by phase 2 and 3 trials, including phase 1 gene therapy. Other innovative approaches are under investigation, i.e., gene therapy in X-linked myotubular myopathy and Pompe disease, and antisense oligonucleotides in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Positive evidences are discussed about lamotrigine and ranolazine in non-dystrophic myotonias, chaperons in Pompe disease, and nucleosides in mitochondrial DNA depletion induced by thymidine kinase 2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vita
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. .,Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gian Luca Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy
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370
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MiR-33a is a therapeutic target in SPG4-related hereditary spastic paraplegia human neurons. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:583-595. [PMID: 30777884 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports, including ours, have indicated that microRNA (miR)-33 located within the intron of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2 controls cholesterol homeostasis and can be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we show that SPAST, which encodes a microtubule-severing protein called SPASTIN, was a novel target gene of miR-33 in human. Actually, the miR-33 binding site in the SPAST 3'-UTR is conserved not in mice but in mid to large mammals, and it is impossible to clarify the role of miR-33 on SPAST in mice. We demonstrated that inhibition of miR-33a, a major form of miR-33 in human neurons, via locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR ameliorated the pathological phenotype in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP)-SPG4 patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Thus, miR-33a can be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HSP-SPG4.
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371
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Luige O, Murtola M, Ghidini A, Strömberg R. Further Probing of Cu 2+-Dependent PNAzymes Acting as Artificial RNA Restriction Enzymes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040672. [PMID: 30769777 PMCID: PMC6412939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-neocuproine conjugates have been shown to efficiently catalyse the cleavage of RNA target sequences in the presence of Cu2+ ions in a site-specific manner. These artificial enzymes are designed to force the formation of a bulge in the RNA target, the sequence of which has been shown to be key to the catalytic activity. Here, we present a further investigation into the action of Cu2+-dependent PNAzymes with respect to the dependence on bulge composition in 3- and 4-nucleotide bulge systems. Cu2+-dependent PNAzymes were shown to have a clear preference for 4-nucleotide bulges, as the cleavage of 3-nucleotide bulge-forming RNA sequences was significantly slower, which is illustrated by a shift in the half-lives from approximately 30 min to 24 h. Nonetheless, the nucleotide preferences at different positions in the bulge displayed similar trends in both systems. Moreover, the cleavage site was probed by introducing critical chemical modifications to one of the cleavage site nucleotides of the fastest cleaved 4-nucleotide RNA bulge. Namely, the exclusion of the exocyclic amine of the central adenine and the replacement of the 2′-hydroxyl nucleophile with 2′-H or 2′-OMe substituents in the RNA severely diminished the rate of RNA cleavage by the Cu2+-dependent PNAzyme, giving insight into the mechanism of cleavage. Moreover, the shorter recognition arm of the RNA/PNAzyme complex was modified by extending the PNAzyme by two additional nucleobases. The new PNAzyme was able to efficiently promote the cleavage of RNA when fully hybridised to a longer RNA target and even outperform the previous fastest PNAzyme. The improvement was demonstrated in cleavage studies with stoichiometric amounts of either PNAzyme present, and the extended PNAzyme was also shown to give turnover with a 10-fold excess of the RNA target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Luige
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Merita Murtola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Alice Ghidini
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften (IPW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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372
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Roussis SG, Pearce M, Rentel C. Small alkyl amines as ion-pair reagents for the separation of positional isomers of impurities in phosphate diester oligonucleotides. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:105-111. [PMID: 30819437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve separation of impurities in oligonucleotide drugs, alkyl amines of different length and carbon content were evaluated as reagents in ion pair-reversed phase (IP-RP) HPLC with mass spectrometric detection. A range of columns was tested in combination with different buffers, ion-pair modifiers and varying pH adjustments. For phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, larger amines, like tributyl and hexyl amine provided the best chromatography, as small amines tended to broaden peaks due to the separation of diastereoisomers. For phosphate diester oligonucleotides, the best separations were obtained using small alkyl amines, like propyl-, isopropyl- and diethylamine. Conditions optimized for oligonucleotide sequence and type of impurity enabled full separation of the individual components of composite impurities, such as n-1, N3-(2-cyanoethyl)thymine (CNET), deaminated and 3-(2-oxopropyl)imidazopyrimidinone (OPC) impurities. The addition of long-chain alkyl acids like hexanoic acid to the IP buffer resulted in further improvements in peak separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Pearce
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Ct., Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
| | - Claus Rentel
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Ct., Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States.
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373
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Hui DHF, Tam KJ, Jiao IZF, Ong CJ. Semaphorin 3C as a Therapeutic Target in Prostate and Other Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E774. [PMID: 30759745 PMCID: PMC6386986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins represent a large family of signaling molecules with crucial roles in neuronal and cardiac development. While normal semaphorin function pertains largely to development, their involvement in malignancy is becoming increasingly evident. One member, Semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), has been shown to drive a number of oncogenic programs, correlate inversely with cancer prognosis, and promote the progression of multiple different cancer types. This report surveys the body of knowledge surrounding SEMA3C as a therapeutic target in cancer. In particular, we summarize SEMA3C's role as an autocrine andromedin in prostate cancer growth and survival and provide an overview of other cancer types that SEMA3C has been implicated in including pancreas, brain, breast, and stomach. We also propose molecular strategies that could potentially be deployed against SEMA3C as anticancer agents such as biologics, small molecules, monoclonal antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides. Finally, we discuss important considerations for the inhibition of SEMA3C as a cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H F Hui
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Kevin J Tam
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Ivy Z F Jiao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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374
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Yang L, Ding P, Luo Y, Wang J, Lv H, Li W, Cao Y, Pei R. Exploration of Catalytic Nucleic Acids on Porphyrin Metalation and Peroxidase Activity by in Vitro Selection of Aptamers for N-Methyl Mesoporphyrin IX. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:83-89. [PMID: 30602113 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop a novel light-up probe and DNAzyme, we selected aptamers for N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM), a common fluorogenic analogue of coenzyme hemin, by a modified affinity chromatography-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Two truncated aptamers Nm1 and Nm2 with low micromolar dissociation constants (0.75 and 13.27 μM) were obtained after 11 rounds of selection and the final minimized 39-mer aptamer Nm2.1 showed 24-fold fluorescence enhancement for NMM at saturated concentration. Study of the interactions between aptamers and other porphyrin compounds by circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectroscopy showed that Nm1 mainly assembled as a stem-loop structure, which exhibited a catalytic activity for the metal insertion reaction of mesoporphyrin IX with 3.3-fold rate enhancement. In contrast, the G-rich Nm2 and Nm2.1 were likely to form G-quadruplexes in the presence of alkali metal cations (K+ and Na+), which displayed excellent peroxidase activity exhibiting 19-fold higher catalytic efficiency than hemin alone. The selected aptamers could therefore be used as novel light-up fluorescent probes and DNAzymes by pairing with porphyrin compounds that have potential to construct sensors for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pi Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haiyin Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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375
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Substrate reduction therapy for inborn errors of metabolism. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:63-73. [PMID: 33523197 PMCID: PMC7289018 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a growing group of monogenic disorders each associated with inherited defects in a metabolic enzyme or regulatory protein, leading to biochemical abnormalities arising from a metabolic block. Despite the well-established genetic linkage, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations for many IEMs, there remains a lack of transformative therapy. The available treatment and management options for a few IEMs are often ineffective or expensive, incurring a significant burden to individual, family, and society. The lack of IEM therapies, in large part, relates to the conceptual challenge that IEMs are loss-of-function defects arising from the defective enzyme, rendering pharmacologic rescue difficult. An emerging approach that holds promise and is the subject of a flurry of pre-/clinical applications, is substrate reduction therapy (SRT). SRT addresses a common IEM phenotype associated with toxic accumulation of substrate from the defective enzyme, by inhibiting the formation of the substrate instead of directly repairing the defective enzyme. This minireview will summarize recent highlights towards the development of emerging SRT, with focussed attention towards repurposing of currently approved drugs, approaches to validate novel targets and screen for hit molecules, as well as emerging advances in gene silencing as a therapeutic modality.
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376
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Zhuo W, Liu Y, Li S, Guo D, Sun Q, Jin J, Rao X, Li M, Sun M, Jiang M, Xu Y, Teng L, Jin Y, Si J, Liu W, Kang Y, Zhou T. Long Noncoding RNA GMAN, Up-regulated in Gastric Cancer Tissues, Is Associated With Metastasis in Patients and Promotes Translation of Ephrin A1 by Competitively Binding GMAN-AS. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:676-691.e11. [PMID: 30445010 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues from patients and study their function in gastric tumor metastasis. METHODS We collected gastric tumor and nontumor tissues from patients in China and analyzed levels of lncRNAs by microarray analysis, proteins by immunohistochemistry, and RNAs by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; we compared these with survival times of patients and tumor progression. RNA levels were knocked down or knocked out in BGC-823, SGC-7901, and MKN45 cell lines using small interfering or short hairpin RNAs or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (ie, CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (ie, Cas9) vectors. Genes were overexpressed from transfected plasmids in HGC-27 cells. Cells were analyzed by Northern blot and immunoblot, polysome profiling assay, and cell invasion assay. Cells were injected into the tail veins or spleens of nude mice or SCID mice; lung and liver tissues were collected, and metastases were counted. lncRNAs were cloned by using rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends. Their interactions with other genes were determined by RNA pulldown and mapping assays. RESULTS In microarray analyses, we identified 151 lncRNAs expressed at significantly higher levels in gastric tumor vs nontumor tissues. Levels of an lncRNA that we called gastric cancer metastasis associated long noncoding RNA (GMAN) were increased in gastric tumor tissues, compared with nontumor tissues; its up-regulation was associated with tumor metastasis and shorter survival times of patients. The GMAN gene overlaps with the ephrin A1 gene (EFNA1) and was highly expressed in BGC-823 and MKN45 cells. Knockdown of GMAN in these cells did not affect proliferation, colony formation, or adhesion but did reduce their invasive activity in Transwell assays. Ectopic expression of GMAN increased the invasive activity of HGC-27 cells. BGC-823 and MKN45 cells with knockdown of GMAN formed fewer metastases after injection into tail veins of nude mice. Knockdown or knockout of GMAN also reduced levels of ephrin A1 protein in cells. We found that GMAN promoted translation of ephrin A1 messenger RNA into protein by binding to the antisense GMAN RNA (GMAN-AS)-this antisense sequence is also complementary to that of ephrin A1 mRNA. Levels of ephrin A1 protein were also increased in gastric tumors from patients with metastases than in those without metastases. Knockout of ephrin A1 in BGC-823 cells reduced their invasive activity in Transwell assays and ability to form metastases after injection into SCID mice. Ectopic expression of ephrin A1 in BGC-823 cells with knockdown or knockout of GMAN restored their invasive activities and ability form metastases in nude or SCID mice. A CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy to disrupt the GMAN gene significantly reduced the numbers of metastases formed from SGC-7901 cells in mice. CONCLUSIONS We identified an lncRNA, which we call GMAN, that is increased in gastric tumors from patients and associated with survival and formation of metastases. It regulates translation of ephrin A1 mRNA by binding competitively to GMAN-AS. Knockdown or knockout of GMAN or ephrin A1 in gastric cancer cell lines reduces their invasive activity and ability to form metastases after injection into mice. These genes might be targeted to prevent or reduce gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yiman Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianping Rao
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingchun Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Jin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Tasfaout H, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Centronuclear myopathies under attack: A plethora of therapeutic targets. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 5:387-406. [PMID: 30103348 PMCID: PMC6218136 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies are a group of congenital myopathies characterized by severe muscle weakness, genetic heterogeneity, and defects in the structural organization of muscle fibers. Their names are derived from the central position of nuclei on biopsies, while they are at the fiber periphery under normal conditions. No specific therapy exists yet for these debilitating diseases. Mutations in the myotubularin phosphoinositides phosphatase, the GTPase dynamin 2, or amphiphysin 2 have been identified to cause respectively X-linked centronuclear myopathies (also called myotubular myopathy) or autosomal dominant and recessive forms. Mutations in additional genes, as RYR1, TTN, SPEG or CACNA1S, were linked to phenotypes that can overlap with centronuclear myopathies. Numerous animal models of centronuclear myopathies have been studied over the last 15 years, ranging from invertebrate to large mammalian models. Their characterization led to a partial understanding of the pathomechanisms of these diseases and allowed the recent validation of therapeutic proof-of-concepts. Here, we review the different therapeutic strategies that have been tested so far for centronuclear myopathies, some of which may be translated to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Tasfaout
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Belinda S. Cowling
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Correspondence to: Jocelyn Laporte, Tel.: 33 0 388653412; E-mail:
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378
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Grijalvo S, Puras G, Zárate J, Sainz-Ramos M, Qtaish NAL, López T, Mashal M, Attia N, Díaz D, Pons R, Fernández E, Pedraz JL, Eritja R. Cationic Niosomes as Non-Viral Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Challenges and Opportunities in Gene Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E50. [PMID: 30678296 PMCID: PMC6409589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic niosomes have become important non-viral vehicles for transporting a good number of small drug molecules and macromolecules. Growing interest shown by these colloidal nanoparticles in therapy is determined by their structural similarities to liposomes. Cationic niosomes are usually obtained from the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactant molecules. This process can be governed not only by the nature of such surfactants but also by others factors like the presence of additives, formulation preparation and properties of the encapsulated hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. This review is aimed at providing recent information for using cationic niosomes for gene delivery purposes with particular emphasis on improving the transportation of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), aptamers and plasmids (pDNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Puras
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jon Zárate
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Myriam Sainz-Ramos
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Nuseibah A L Qtaish
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Tania López
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Noha Attia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ramon Pons
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- Neuroprothesis and Neuroengineering Research Group, Miguel Hernández University, E-03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz and E-03202 Elche, Spain.
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379
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Harada T, Matsumoto S, Hirota S, Kimura H, Fujii S, Kasahara Y, Gon H, Yoshida T, Itoh T, Haraguchi N, Mizushima T, Noda T, Eguchi H, Nojima S, Morii E, Fukumoto T, Obika S, Kikuchi A. Chemically Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide Against ARL4C Inhibits Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:602-612. [PMID: 30647122 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4c (ARL4C) is identified as a small GTP-binding protein, which is expressed by Wnt and EGF signaling and plays an important role in tubulogenesis of cultured cells and the ureters. ARL4C is little expressed in adult tissues, but it is highly expressed in lung cancer and colorectal cancer and shown to represent a molecular target for cancer therapy based on siRNA experiments. This study revealed that ARL4C is highly expressed in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors and colorectal cancer liver metastases, and that ARL4C expression is associated with poor prognosis for these cancers. Chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) against ARL4C effectively reduced ARL4C expression in both HCC and colorectal cancer cells and inhibited proliferation and migration of these cancer cells in vitro ARL4C ASOs decreased the PIK3CD mRNA levels and inhibited the activity of AKT in HCC cells, suggesting that the downstream signaling of ARL4C in HCC cells is different from that in lung and colon cancer cells. In addition, subcutaneous injection of ARL4C ASO was effective in reducing the growth of primary HCC and metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver of immunodeficient mice. ARL4C ASO accumulated in cancer cells more efficiently than the surrounding normal cells in the liver and decreased ARL4C expression in the tumor. These results suggest that ARL4C ASO represents a novel targeted nucleic acid medicine for the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Hirota
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Gon
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoshida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Fukumoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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380
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Application of a Quality-By-Design Approach to Optimise Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Loaded with a Splice-Correction Antisense Oligonucleotide: Maximising Loading and Intracellular Delivery. Pharm Res 2019; 36:37. [PMID: 30623253 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising therapeutics for specific modulation of cellular RNA function. However, ASO efficacy is compromised by inefficient intracellular delivery. Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) are attractive mediators of intracellular ASO delivery due to favorable colloidal stability and sustained release properties. METHODS LPNs composed of cationic lipidoid 5 (L5) and poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) were studied for delivery of an ASO mediating splice correction of a luciferase gene transcript (Luc-ASO). Specific purposes were: (i) to increase the mechanistic understanding of factors determining the loading of ASO in LPNs, and (ii) to optimise the LPNs and customise them for Luc-ASO delivery in HeLa pLuc/705 cells containing an aberrant luciferase gene by using a quality-by-design approach. Critical formulation variables were linked to critical quality attributes (CQAs) using risk assessment and design of experiments, followed by delineation of an optimal operating space (OOS). RESULTS A series of CQAs were identified based on the quality target product profile. The L5 content and L5:Luc-ASO ratio (w/w) were determined as critical formulation variables, which were optimised systematically. The optimised Luc-ASO-loaded LPNs, defined from the OOS, displayed high loading and mediated splice correction at well-tolerated, lower doses as compared to those required for reference L5-based lipoplexes, L5-modified stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticles or LPNs modified with dioleoyltrimethylammonium propane (conventional cationic lipid). CONCLUSIONS The optimal Luc-ASO-loaded LPNs represent a robust formulation that mediates efficient intracellular delivery of Luc-ASO. This opens new avenues for further development of LPNs as a broadly applicable technology platform for delivering nucleic acid cargos intracellularly.
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381
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Mesyl phosphoramidate antisense oligonucleotides as an alternative to phosphorothioates with improved biochemical and biological properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1229-1234. [PMID: 30622178 PMCID: PMC6347720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813376116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty years of research have shown that antisense oligonucleotides have great potential to target mRNAs of disease-associated genes and noncoding RNAs. Among the vast number of oligonucleotide backbone modifications, phosphorothioate modification is the most widely used in research and the clinic. However, along with their merits are notable drawbacks of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, including decreased binding affinity to RNA, reduced specificity, and increased toxicity. Here we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the DNA analog mesyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotide. This oligonucleotide type recruits RNase H and shows significant advantages over phosphorothioate in RNA affinity, nuclease stability, and specificity in inhibiting key processes of carcinogenesis. Thus, mesyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotides may be an attractive alternative to phosphorothioates. Here we describe a DNA analog in which the mesyl (methanesulfonyl) phosphoramidate group is substituted for the natural phosphodiester group at each internucleotidic position. The oligomers show significant advantages over the often-used DNA phosphorothioates in RNA-binding affinity, nuclease stability, and specificity of their antisense action, which involves activation of cellular RNase H enzyme for hybridization-directed RNA cleavage. Biological activity of the oligonucleotide analog was demonstrated with respect to pro-oncogenic miR-21. A 22-nt anti–miR-21 mesyl phosphoramidate oligodeoxynucleotide specifically decreased the miR-21 level in melanoma B16 cells, induced apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and impeded migration of tumor cells, showing superiority over isosequential phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide in the specificity of its biological effect. Lower overall toxicity compared with phosphorothioate and more efficient activation of RNase H are the key advantages of mesyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotides, which may represent a promising group of antisense therapeutic agents.
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382
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Kaczmarkiewicz A, Nuckowski Ł, Studzińska S, Buszewski B. Analysis of Antisense Oligonucleotides and Their Metabolites with the Use of Ion Pair Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:256-270. [PMID: 30612436 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1517034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been widely investigated as a potential drugs because of their ability to bind with the target DNA or RNA strands, which may lead to inhibition of translational processes. This review presents currently approved oligonucleotide (OGN) drugs and summarizes their modification types, mechanisms of action, and application of ion pair reversed phase liquid chromatography for the analysis. Special attention was paid to the stationary phases selection for the separation of OGNs and the impact of different compositions of mobile phases on retention and signal intensity in mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the application of ion pair liquid chromatography coupled with MS for the separation and determination of metabolites of ASOs was described. The type of matrix, time of analysis, lower limits of quantification and detection, as well as precision, accuracy, and linearity of developed methods have been included as part of this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaczmarkiewicz
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Łukasz Nuckowski
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Sylwia Studzińska
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
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383
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Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Vicente-Pascual M, Gómez-Aguado I, Battaglia LS, Solinís MÁ. Gene Therapy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 171:321-368. [PMID: 31492963 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) are one of the most promising biopharmaceuticals, which are beginning to show encouraging results. The broad clinical research activity has been addressed mainly to cancer, primarily to those cancers that do not respond well to conventional treatment. GTMPs to treat rare disorders caused by single-gene mutations have also made important advancements toward market availability, with eye and hematopoietic system diseases as the main applications.Nucleic acid-marketed products are based on both in vivo and ex vivo strategies. Apart from DNA-based therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, and, recently, T-cell-based therapies have been also marketed. Moreover, the gene-editing tool CRISPR is boosting the development of new gene therapy-based medicines, and it is expected to have a substantial impact on the gene therapy biopharmaceutical market in the near future.However, despite the important advancements of gene therapy, many challenges have still to be overcome, which are discussed in this book chapter. Issues such as efficacy and safety of the gene delivery systems and manufacturing capacity of biotechnological companies to produce viral vectors are usually considered, but problems related to cost and patient affordability must be also faced to ensure the success of this emerging therapy. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itziar Gómez-Aguado
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luigi S Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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384
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Frei S, Istrate A, Leumann CJ. 6'-Fluoro[4.3.0]bicyclo nucleic acid: synthesis, biophysical properties and molecular dynamics simulations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:3088-3097. [PMID: 30643586 PMCID: PMC6317435 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the synthesis, biophysical properties and molecular modeling of oligonucleotides containing unsaturated 6'-fluoro[4.3.0]bicyclo nucleotides (6'F-bc4,3-DNA). Two 6'F-bc4,3 phosphoramidite building blocks (T and C) were synthesized starting from a previously described [3.3.0]bicyclic sugar. The conversion of this sugar to a gem-difluorinated tricyclic intermediate via difluorocarbene addition followed either by a NIS-mediated or Vorbrüggen nucleosidation yielded in both cases the β-tricyclic nucleoside as major anomer. Subsequent desilylation and cyclopropane ring opening of these tricyclic intermediates afforded the unsaturated 6'F-bc4,3 nucleosides. The successful incorporation of the corresponding phosphoramidite building blocks into oligonucleotides was achieved with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidation agent. Thermal melting experiments of the modified duplexes disclosed a destabilizing effect versus DNA and RNA complements, but with a lesser degree of destabilization versus complementary DNA (ΔT m/mod = -1.5 to -3.7 °C). Molecular dynamics simulation on the nucleoside and oligonucleotide level revealed the preference of the C1'-exo/C2'-endo alignment of the furanose ring. Moreover, the simulation of duplexes with complementary RNA disclosed a DNA/RNA-type duplex structure suggesting that this modification might be a substrate for RNase H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Frei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Istrate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian J Leumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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385
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Yokoi H, Kasahara Y, Obika S, Doi T, Kamada H. Development of a detection method for antisense oligonucleotides in mouse kidneys by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1984-1990. [PMID: 30152908 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oligonucleotide therapeutics have recently gained much attention, but its pharmacokinetic evaluation methods are still not sufficient, and, in particular, more tools are needed to evaluate their tissue distribution and metabolites. We developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS)-based method to evaluate the tissue distribution of oligonucleotide therapeutics. METHODS We used an antisense oligonucleotide containing locked nucleic acids (LNA-A). Various washing protocols were examined using mouse kidney homogenate sections. Next, we applied a two-step matrix preparation strategy. As a first step, 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA) matrix containing citrate and amines was sprayed using an airbrush and subsequently 3-HPA matrix containing citrate only was sprayed using the ImagePrep. Finally, kidney sections prepared from LNA-A-dosed mice were treated with our optimized method and analyzed with MALDI-IMS. RESULTS The selected washing method made it possible to detect LNA-A with MALDI-IMS and, furthermore, our developed matrix pretreatment method enhanced signal intensity approximately two-fold. MALDI-IMS revealed that LNA-A localized in a portion presumed to be the renal cortex. We also obtained information on LNA-A metabolites, which showed the same distribution profile as LNA-A in kidneys. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that MALDI-IMS can be applied to evaluate the tissue distribution of oligonucleotide therapeutics. Our method can evaluate the tissue distribution along with metabolites and has the potential to help the development of novel oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yokoi
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima Research Institute, Tokushima, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kasahara
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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386
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Jorge AF, Eritja R. Overview of DNA Self-Assembling: Progresses in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E268. [PMID: 30544945 PMCID: PMC6320858 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular self-assembling is ubiquitous in nature providing structural and functional machinery for the cells. In recent decades, material science has been inspired by the nature's assembly principles to create artificially higher-order structures customized with therapeutic and targeting molecules, organic and inorganic fluorescent probes that have opened new perspectives for biomedical applications. Among these novel man-made materials, DNA nanostructures hold great promise for the modular assembly of biocompatible molecules at the nanoscale of multiple shapes and sizes, designed via molecular programming languages. Herein, we summarize the recent advances made in the designing of DNA nanostructures with special emphasis on their application in biomedical research as imaging and diagnostic platforms, drug, gene, and protein vehicles, as well as theranostic agents that are meant to operate in-cell and in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F Jorge
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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387
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Antipova OM, Zavyalova EG, Golovin AV, Pavlova GV, Kopylov AM, Reshetnikov RV. Advances in the Application of Modified Nucleotides in SELEX Technology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1161-1172. [PMID: 30472954 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are widely used as molecular recognition elements for detecting and blocking functional biological molecules. Since the common "alphabet" of DNA and RNA consists of only four letters, the chemical diversity of aptamers is less than the diversity of protein recognition elements built of 20 amino acids. Chemical modification of nucleotides enlarges the potential of DNA/RNA aptamers. This review describes the latest achievements in a variety of approaches to aptamers selection with an extended genetic alphabet.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Antipova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, 115564, Russia
| | - E G Zavyalova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, 115564, Russia
| | - A V Golovin
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, 115564, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - G V Pavlova
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, 115564, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - A M Kopylov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, 115564, Russia
| | - R V Reshetnikov
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, 115564, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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388
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Kis Z, Shattock R, Shah N, Kontoravdi C. Emerging Technologies for Low-Cost, Rapid Vaccine Manufacture. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800376. [PMID: 30537361 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To stop the spread of future epidemics and meet infant vaccination demands in low- and middle-income countries, flexible, rapid and low-cost vaccine development and manufacturing technologies are required. Vaccine development platform technologies that can produce a wide range of vaccines are emerging, including: a) humanized, high-yield yeast recombinant protein vaccines; b) insect cell-baculovirus ADDomer vaccines; c) Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccines; d) RNA vaccines. Herein, existing and future platforms are assessed in terms of addressing challenges of scale, cost, and responsiveness. To assess the risk and feasibility of the four emerging platforms, the following six metrics are applied: 1) technology readiness; 2) technological complexity; 3) ease of scale-up; 4) flexibility for the manufacturing of a wide range of vaccines; 5) thermostability of the vaccine product at tropical ambient temperatures; and 6) speed of response from threat identification to vaccine deployment. The assessment indicated that technologies in the order of increasing feasibility and decreasing risk are the yeast platform, ADDomer platform, followed by RNA and GMMA platforms. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of each technology are discussed in detail, illustrating the associated development and manufacturing needs and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nilay Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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389
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De S, Jabgunde AM, Patil RS, De Jonghe S, Beigelman L, Herdewijn P. Synthesis of Protected Amino Hexitol Nucleosides as Building Blocks for Oligonucleotide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15155-15169. [PMID: 30525618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesis protocol for the preparation of hitherto unknown 1',5'-anhydro-4'-amino-trityl/MMTr hexitol nucleosides has been developed. Key steps in the synthesis of the pyrimidine analogues (U and C) include the regioselective d- allo-hexitol oxirane and 2',4'-anhydronucleoside ring opening by uracil and azide, respectively. A different strategy using a regioselective epoxide ring opening of d- gulo-oxirane, followed by a SN2 type of azidation reaction, has been adopted for the purine analogues (A and G). These compounds can be easily converted to 6'-phosphoramidites for the solid-phase synthesis of N4' → P6' phosphoramidates of amino hexitol nucleic acids (AHNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup De
- KU Leuven , Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49 , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
| | - Amit M Jabgunde
- KU Leuven , Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49 , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
| | - Rahul S Patil
- KU Leuven , Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49 , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven , Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49 , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Aligos Therapeutics , 1 Corporate Drive , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven , Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry , Herestraat 49 , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
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390
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Weimbs T, Shillingford JM, Torres J, Kruger SL, Bourgeois BC. Emerging targeted strategies for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:i27-i38. [PMID: 30581563 PMCID: PMC6295603 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a widespread genetic disease that leads to renal failure in the majority of patients. The very first pharmacological treatment, tolvaptan, received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2018 after previous approval in Europe and other countries. However, tolvaptan is moderately effective and may negatively impact a patient's quality of life due to potentially significant side effects. Additional and improved therapies are still urgently needed, and several clinical trials are underway, which are discussed in the companion paper Müller and Benzing (Management of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease-state-of-the-art) Clin Kidney J 2018; 11: i2-i13. Here, we discuss new therapeutic avenues that are currently being investigated at the preclinical stage. We focus on mammalian target of rapamycin and dual kinase inhibitors, compounds that target inflammation and histone deacetylases, RNA-targeted therapeutic strategies, glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors, compounds that affect the metabolism of renal cysts and dietary restriction. We discuss tissue targeting to renal cysts of small molecules via the folate receptor, and of monoclonal antibodies via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. A general problem with potential pharmacological approaches is that the many molecular targets that have been implicated in ADPKD are all widely expressed and carry out important functions in many organs and tissues. Because ADPKD is a slowly progressing, chronic disease, it is likely that any therapy will have to continue over years and decades. Therefore, systemically distributed drugs are likely to lead to potentially prohibitive extra-renal side effects during extended treatment. Tissue targeting to renal cysts of such drugs is one potential way around this problem. The use of dietary, instead of pharmacological, interventions is another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Shillingford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Samantha L Kruger
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Bryan C Bourgeois
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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391
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Hori SI, Mitsuoka Y, Kugimiya A. RNA Reduction and Hepatotoxic Potential Caused by Non-Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 29:44-50. [PMID: 30508397 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2018.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are classified into gapmer and non-gapmer types according to their chemical modification pattern and mechanism of action. Although gapmer ASOs effectively reduce target RNA expression through intracellular RNase H1, high-affinity gapmer ASOs also have hepatotoxic potential. Non-gapmer ASOs, which are mainly used for pre-mRNA splicing regulation or functional inhibition of microRNA through their steric effects, are also able to inhibit target RNA expression using nonsense-mediated decay. However, it was unknown if they induce high knockdown activity without showing hepatotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the modification pattern of non-gapmer ASOs and show that they have comparable knockdown potential if they have an appropriate melting temperature (Tm) range. We also demonstrated that non-gapmer ASOs show high knockdown effects without inducing hepatotoxicity in the mouse liver. These results indicated that non-gapmer ASOs have the potential to become an alternative inhibitor of target expression with a lower risk of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hori
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory for Medium Molecular Drug Discovery, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Mitsuoka
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory for Medium Molecular Drug Discovery, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kugimiya
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory for Medium Molecular Drug Discovery, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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392
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Kim T, Kim JU, Yang K, Nam K, Choe D, Kim E, Hong IH, Song M, Lee H, Park J, Roh YH. Nanoparticle-Patterned Multicompartmental Chitosan Capsules for Oral Delivery of Oligonucleotides. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4163-4173. [PMID: 33418815 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orally administered antisense therapy has been introduced as an effective approach for treating cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. However, its practical application has been limited by the instability of oligonucleotides and their inefficient delivery. To overcome these problems, we synthesized size-dependent, oligonucleotide nanoparticle-patterned chitosan/phytic acid (ODN/CS/PA) capsules with protective shields via a three-step process of self-assembly, nanoparticle encapsulation, and shell formation. The multicompartmental capsule size and oligonucleotide nanoparticle-loading pattern were controlled by applying different potentials during the electrostatic extrusion process used for nanoparticle encapsulation. Over 95% of encapsulated oligonucleotides were protected from nuclease digestion (DNase I) and, depending on their size, showed 40-75% protection against simulated gastric fluid. Their controlled release from capsules correlated with the cellular delivery of released nanoparticles and the inhibition of protein expression in cancer cells. Specifically, large capsules showed approximately 32-fold greater delivery to cancer cells than nonencapsulated nanoparticles. We also confirmed delivery of oligonucleotide nanoparticles to the small intestine and colon of rats following oral administration. These findings demonstrate that the multicompartmental ODN/CS/PA capsules can facilitate efficient oral delivery of oligonucleotides for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Un Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwook Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyeong Choe
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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393
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Studzińska S, Cywoniuk P, Sobczak K. Application of ion pair chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to assess antisense oligonucleotides concentrations in living cells. Analyst 2018; 144:622-633. [PMID: 30462105 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are synthetic bioactive compounds used as therapeutic agents in clinical trials. They act by binding to complementary sequences of the targeted nucleic acids in cells. Assessing the efficiency of ASO delivery to cells or tissues and the stability of these compounds in different biological systems is important. To answer these questions, we developed a new, quick and reliable method to determine the concentrations of different types of ASOs in treated cells. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the first time for the separation and determination of the studied compounds in total RNA extracts. To develop a method with the highest possible sensitivity, a central composite design was used to comprehensively optimize the MS parameters. Moreover, the effects of the type and concentration of the ion pair reagent on sensitivity were also examined. Finally, a mobile phase containing methanol, hexafluoroisopropanol and N,N-dimethylbutylamine was selected. The optimized method allowed good linearity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity of ASO detection. Next, these compounds were delivered into cells via transfection at a concentration of 25 nM or 125 nM in 1 mL of cell culture medium. After 48 hours, total RNA was isolated from the treated cells and analyzed with the use of the newly developed method. For the cells treated with a higher concentration of ASO composed of phosphorothioate 2'-O-methyl RNA units, the concentration in solution was 0.96 ± 0.06 μM, while in the case of shorter ASO composed of locked nucleic acid units, it was 0.72 ± 0.06 μM in the total RNA extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Piotr Cywoniuk
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89 Umultowska St., PL 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89 Umultowska St., PL 61 614 Poznan, Poland
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394
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Di C, Syafrizayanti, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Sun C, Zhang H, Hoheisel JD. Function, clinical application, and strategies of Pre-mRNA splicing in cancer. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1181-1194. [PMID: 30464224 PMCID: PMC6748147 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental process that plays a considerable role in generating protein diversity. Pre-mRNA splicing is also the key to the pathology of numerous diseases, especially cancers. In this review, we discuss how aberrant splicing isoforms precisely regulate three basic functional aspects in cancer: proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. Importantly, clinical function of aberrant splicing isoforms is also discussed, in particular concerning drug resistance and radiosensitivity. Furthermore, this review discusses emerging strategies how to modulate pathologic aberrant splicing isoforms, which are attractive, novel therapeutic agents in cancer. Last we outline current and future directions of isoforms diagnostic methodologies reported so far in cancer. Thus, it is highlighting significance of aberrant splicing isoforms as markers for cancer and as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Syafrizayanti
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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395
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Roussis SG, Cedillo I, Rentel C. Semi-quantitative determination of co-eluting impurities in oligonucleotide drugs using ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1584:106-114. [PMID: 30473112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Continued improvements in understanding RNA biology have led to significant success in the development of antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics, and several oligonucleotide drugs have now been approved. Manufacturing of oligonucleotides may be associated with the production of impurities. Current methods for quantification of impurities that co-elute with the main drug component rely on manual ion extraction and integration of the characteristic mass signal of each impurity. For certain applications however, especially those involving large sets of samples such as those generated in the optimization of oligonucleotide manufacturing processes, a rapid method that provides semi-quantitative determination of impurity levels would be sufficient. In this work, an automated approach has been developed to rapidly determine the relative amounts of co-eluting impurities in oligonucleotide samples. The most abundant mass in the isotopic distribution is automatically calculated from the impurity formula and used to detect the presence of the impurities. The principles of the approach are described, and representative examples are given. Impurities determined in different manufacturing lots are compared directly, and by principal component analysis. The ability of the method to determine impurity levels across large sample sets is illustrated for an oligonucleotide drug purification study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaiah Cedillo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
| | - Claus Rentel
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
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396
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Sansone VA, Albamonte E, Salmin F, Casiraghi J, Pirola A, Bettinelli M, Rao F, Mancini L, Tovaglieri N, Fedeli F, Stoia P, Heinen M, Cozzi V, Carraro E, Lunetta C, Di Bari A, Mercuri E. Intrathecal nusinersen treatment for SMA in a dedicated neuromuscular clinic: an example of multidisciplinary and integrated care. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:327-332. [PMID: 30430317 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nusinsersen is now available in Italy for all SMA types. We describe the experience with intrathecal treatment with nusinersen in 50 patients with SMA at the NEMO Center (NEuroMuscular Omniservice Clinical Center) in Milan, a neuromuscular patient-centered clinic hosted within Niguarda Hospital, a National Public General Hospital. Our results indicate that the pathway of care described outweighs the burden due to the repeated intrathecal injections. Irrespective of age and severity, the treatment is feasible, accessible, and replicable provided that there is a multidisciplinary team having experience and training in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Sansone
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Salmin
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Casiraghi
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Pirola
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Bettinelli
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rao
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Stoia
- Dept of Pediatrics, ASST Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Carraro
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Bari
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Child Neurology Department, the NEMO Clinical Center, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
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397
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Shastri A, Choudhary G, Teixeira M, Gordon-Mitchell S, Ramachandra N, Bernard L, Bhattacharyya S, Lopez R, Pradhan K, Giricz O, Ravipati G, Wong LF, Cole S, Bhagat TD, Feld J, Dhar Y, Bartenstein M, Thiruthuvanathan VJ, Wickrema A, Ye BH, Frank DA, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J, Zhou T, Kim Y, MacLeod AR, Epling-Burnette PK, Ye M, McCoon P, Woessner R, Steidl U, Will B, Verma A. Antisense STAT3 inhibitor decreases viability of myelodysplastic and leukemic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5479-5488. [PMID: 30252677 DOI: 10.1172/jci120156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are associated with disease-initiating stem cells that are not eliminated by conventional therapies. Transcriptomic analysis of stem and progenitor populations in MDS and AML demonstrated overexpression of STAT3 that was validated in an independent cohort. STAT3 overexpression was predictive of a shorter survival and worse clinical features in a large MDS cohort. High STAT3 expression signature in MDS CD34+ cells was similar to known preleukemic gene signatures. Functionally, STAT3 inhibition by a clinical, antisense oligonucleotide, AZD9150, led to reduced viability and increased apoptosis in leukemic cell lines. AZD9150 was rapidly incorporated by primary MDS/AML stem and progenitor cells and led to increased hematopoietic differentiation. STAT3 knockdown also impaired leukemic growth in vivo and led to decreased expression of MCL1 and other oncogenic genes in malignant cells. These studies demonstrate that STAT3 is an adverse prognostic factor in MDS/AML and provide a preclinical rationale for studies using AZD9150 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shastri
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lumie Bernard
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Robert Lopez
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Orsolya Giricz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Li-Fan Wong
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sally Cole
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Feld
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yosman Dhar
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - B Hilda Ye
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | | | - Minwei Ye
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Britta Will
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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398
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Kazmi F, Sensenhauser C, Greway T. Characterization of the In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of the Oligonucleotide Imetelstat on Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes with Predictions of In Vivo Drug-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:9-14. [PMID: 30389730 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imetelstat, a 13-base oligonucleotide (5'-TAGGGTTAGACAA-3'), is a potent, investigational telomerase inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of hematologic myeloid malignancies. Modifications to imetelstat oligonucleotide chemistry include an N3'-P5' thio-phosphoramidate backbone linkage to improve biologic stability and the addition of a palmitoyl tail at the 5'-position to enhance cellular membrane permeability. Other oligonucleotides have been previously shown to have in vitro test-system-dependent outcomes when potent cytochrome P450 inhibition in human liver microsomes (HLM) is observed, but such inhibition is not observed in cryopreserved human hepatocytes (CHH). Outcomes in CHH are consistent with clinical reports in which no interactions were reported. In the present study, imetelstat was evaluated for in vitro inhibition of eight P450 enzymes, namely CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 in CHH (0.5 million cells/ml). Assays were performed using validated conditions, including short substrate times (10 minutes), and at the approximate substrate Km concentration. Imetelstat was found to have little to no inhibition of all P450 isoforms evaluated, with inhibitor concentration that causes 50% inhibition (IC50) values >100 μM. Maximum percent inhibition values for each P450 isoform at 100 μM imetelstat were <20% except for CYP2C8 activity, which was inhibited by 49%. Using a static mechanistic model, the predicted change in area under the curve of a victim drug coadministered with imetelstat was 1.04-fold, projecting no relevant clinical interaction. Overall, the results from this in vitro study suggest that clinical use of imetelstat is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of concomitant therapies that undergo cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Kazmi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania (F.K., C.S.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC., Raritan, New Jersey (T.G.)
| | - Carlo Sensenhauser
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania (F.K., C.S.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC., Raritan, New Jersey (T.G.)
| | - Tony Greway
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania (F.K., C.S.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC., Raritan, New Jersey (T.G.)
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399
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Chen J, Tang Y, Liu Y, Dou Y. Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics for Pulmonary Diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3670-3680. [PMID: 30338490 PMCID: PMC7101845 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics present huge potential in the treatment
of pulmonary diseases ranging from lung cancer to asthma and chronic pulmonary
diseases, which are often fatal and widely prevalent. The susceptibility of nucleic
acids to degradation and the complex structure of lungs retard the effective
pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid drug. To overcome these barriers, different
strategies have been exploited to increase the delivery efficiency using chemically
synthesized nucleic acids, vector encapsulation, proper formulation, and
administration route. However, several limitations regarding off-target effects and
immune stimulation of nucleic acid drugs hamper their translation into the clinical
practice. Therefore, their successful clinical application will ultimately rely on
well-developed carriers and methods to ensure safety and efficacy. In this review,
we provide a comprehensive overview of the nucleic acid application for pulmonary
diseases, covering action mechanism of the nucleic acid drugs, the novel delivery
systems, and the current formulation for the administration to lungs. The latest
advances of nucleic acid drugs under clinical evaluation to treat pulmonary
disorders will also be detailed.
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400
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Nayak K, Misra M. A review on recent drug delivery systems for posterior segment of eye. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1564-1582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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