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Cui L, Geng X, Ding T, Tang J, Xu J, Zhai J. Impact of ambient temperature on hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Hefei City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:723-734. [PMID: 30852664 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have quantified the hospitalization risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by temperature, but the results of most studies are not consistent. In this study, we evaluate the effect of temperature on CVD hospitalizations. We use a quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to evaluate the effect of temperature on CVD hospitalizations between July 1, 2015, and October 31, 2017, in Hefei City, China. We found that the cold effect and heat effect of temperature can impact CVD hospital admissions. Compared with the 25th percentile of temperature (10.3 °C), the cumulative relative risk (RR) of extremely low temperature (first percentile of temperature, 0.075 °C) over lags 0-27 days was 0.616 (95% CI 0.423-0.891), and the cumulative RR of moderate low temperature (10th percentile of temperature, 5.16 °C) was 1.081 (95% CI 1.019-1.147) over lags 0-7 days. Compared with the 75th percentile of temperature (25.6 °C), the cumulative RR of extremely high temperature (99th percentile of temperature, 33.7 °C) was 1.078 (95% CI 0.752-1.547) over lags 0-27 days, and the cumulative RR of moderate-high temperature (90th percentile of temperature, 29.0 °C) was 1.015 (95% CI 0.988-1.043) over lag 0 day. In the subgroup, the < 65-year group and male were more susceptible to low temperature; however, the ≥ 65-year group and female were more vulnerable to high temperature. The high temperature's impact on CVD hospital admissions was found to be more obvious in female and the ≥ 65-year group compared to male and the < 65-year group. However, the < 65-year group and men are more sensitive to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiya Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jinxia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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353
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Bianchi F, Aveyard P, Astbury NM, Cook B, Cartwright E, Jebb SA. Replacing meat with alternative plant-based products (RE-MAPs): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a behavioural intervention to reduce meat consumption. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027016. [PMID: 31154309 PMCID: PMC6549643 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing meat consumption could contribute towards preventing some chronic conditions and protecting the natural environment. This study will examine the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention to reduce meat consumption. METHODS AND ANALYSES Replacing meat with alternative plant-based product is a randomised controlled trial comparing a behavioural intervention to reduce meat consumption with a no intervention control condition. Eligible volunteers will be recruited from the general public through advertisement and randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive no intervention or a 4-week intervention comprising the provision of free plant-based meat alternatives, written information on the health and environmental benefits of eating less meat, success stories of people who reduced their meat consumption and recipes. The primary outcome is the change in meat consumption at 4 weeks (T1) from baseline. Secondary and exploratory outcomes include changes in meat consumption at 8 weeks (T2) from baseline and changes from the baseline to both follow-up in other aspects of participants diet, putative psychosocial determinants of eating a low meat diet and of using meat substitutes and biomarkers of health risk, including blood lipid profiles, blood pressure, weight and body composition. Linear models will be employed to explore whether the changes in each of the aforementioned outcomes differ significantly between the control and intervention group. Qualitative interviews on a subsample of participants receiving the intervention will evaluate their experiences of the intervention and help to identify the mechanisms through which the intervention reduced meat consumption or the barriers preventing the intervention to aid this dietary transition. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has been granted ethical approval by the Medical Sciences Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee (IDREC) of the University of Oxford (Ref: R54329/RE001). All results originating from this study will be submitted for publication in scientific journals and presented at meetings and through the media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13180635;Pre-recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bianchi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nerys M Astbury
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Cook
- Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Cartwright
- Lee Kong Chain medical school, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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354
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Isaacs D. Climate change: Whose responsibility? J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:615-616. [PMID: 31155789 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Isaacs
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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355
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McGain F, Bishop JR, Elliot-Jones LM, Story DA, Imberger GLL. A survey of the choice of general anaesthetic agents in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 47:235-241. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x19836104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to reduce the adverse environmental costs of anaesthesia include choice of agent and fresh gas flows. The current preferences of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists are unknown. We conducted a survey of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists to determine the use of volatiles, nitrous oxide and intravenous anaesthesia, lowest fresh gas flow rates, automated end-tidal volatile control, and the rationales for these choices. The survey was answered by 359/1000 (36%), although not all questions and multiple responses within single questions were answered by all respondents. Sevoflurane was preferred by 246/342 (72%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 67%–77%), followed by propofol, 54/340 (16%, 95% CI 12%–20%), desflurane 39/339 (12%, 95% CI 8%–16%) and isoflurane 3/338(1%, 95% CI 0–3%). When asked about all anaesthetics, low-risk clinical profile was the most common reason given for using sevoflurane (129/301 (43%, 95% CI 37%–49%)), reduced postoperative nausea for propofol (297/318 (93%, 95% CI 90%–96%)) and faster induction/awakening times for desflurane (46/313 (79%, 95% CI 74%–83%)). Two-thirds (226/340 (66%, 95% CI 61%–71%)) of respondents used nitrous oxide in 0–20% of general anaesthetics. Low fresh gas flow rates for sevoflurane were used by 310/333 (93%, 95% CI 90%–95%) and for 262/268 (98%, 95% CI 95%–99%) for desflurane. Automated end-tidal control was used by 196/333 (59%, 95% CI 53%–64%). The majority of respondents (>70%) preferred sevoflurane at low flows. These data allow anaesthetists to consider further whether changes are required to the choices of anaesthetic agents for environmental, financial, or any other reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forbes McGain
- Western Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - David A Story
- Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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356
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Abstract
This commentary argues that health psychology, as a scientific discipline, needs to address the negative consequences of Anthropocene by helping individuals, communities and health systems to produce proactive efforts and prepare effective responses strategies for climate change consequences. The commentary addresses the following questions: How to demarcate health psychology at Anthropocene age? What are the best mitigation and adaptation behaviors for health and environment? How to help the environmental migrants and future climate refugees? How to develop a more resilient and adapted health care systems? Should we be in and out of health psychology? In conclusion, health psychologists and academics have to move forward helping individuals, communities and health systems to radically develop lower-carbon lifestyles in a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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357
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Bhutta ZA, Aimone A, Akhtar S. Climate change and global child health: what can paediatricians do? Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:417-418. [PMID: 30878946 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashley Aimone
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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358
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Anderson GB, Barnes EA, Bell ML, Dominici F. The Future of Climate Epidemiology: Opportunities for Advancing Health Research in the Context of Climate Change. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:866-872. [PMID: 30877291 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, climate change is expected to dramatically affect communities worldwide, altering the patterns of many ambient exposures and disasters, including extreme temperatures, heat waves, wildfires, droughts, and floods. These exposures, in turn, can affect risks for a variety of human diseases and health outcomes. Climate epidemiology plays an important role in informing policy related to climate change and its threats to public health. Climate epidemiology leverages deep, integrated collaborations between epidemiologists and climate scientists to understand the current and potential future impacts of climate-related exposures on human health. A variety of recent and ongoing developments in climate science are creating new avenues for epidemiologic contributions. Here, we discuss the contributions of climate epidemiology and describe some key current research directions, including research to better characterize uncertainty in climate health projections. We end by outlining 3 developing areas of climate science that are creating opportunities for high-impact epidemiologic advances in the near future: 1) climate attribution studies, 2) subseasonal to seasonal forecasts, and 3) decadal predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brooke Anderson
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth A Barnes
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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359
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Levy BS. Increasing Risks for Armed Conflict: Climate Change, Food and Water Insecurity, and Forced Displacement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2019; 49:682-691. [PMID: 31027434 DOI: 10.1177/0020731419845249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interrelated factors of climate change, decreased access to freshwater, and forced displacement are heightening the risk of armed conflict. Higher temperatures and extremes of precipitation are contributing to food and water insecurity, forced displacement, and sociopolitical tensions. Health professionals can help to address these problems through education, advocacy, and other activities that aim to mitigate and adapt to climate change and minimize the risk of armed conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S Levy
- 1 Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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360
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Abstract
Within the extensive scientific and policy discussions about climate change migrants, detailed analyses continue to highlight the lack of evidence thus far for climate change directly causing migration. To understand better how climate change might or might not lead to migration, this paper explores possibilities for developing a robust, repeatable, and verifiable method to count or calculate the number of people migrating or not migrating due to climate change. The discussion starts by examining definitions of “climate change” and “migration”, then looking at how to determine numbers of climate change migrants based on those definitions. These points lead to descriptions of the subjectivity and arbitrariness of the decisions needed for counting or calculating climate change migrants and non-migrants. While the scientific study of working out numbers of climate change migrants and non-migrants is challenging and interesting, especially due to its complexity, changing baselines alongside legitimate concerns about necessary assumptions lead to questions regarding the usefulness of the calculations for policy and action. Ultimately, labelling, counting, and calculating climate change migrants and non-migrants depend on political choices, so any numbers reached might not be scientifically robust. Improved understanding of people’s motivations for migrating and not migrating under different circumstances, including under climate change and perceptions thereof, would be preferable to a starting point assuming that climate change inevitably causes migration.
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361
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Malena-Chan R. A narrative model for exploring climate change engagement among young community leaders. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2019; 39:157-166. [PMID: 31021067 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.4.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of widespread knowledge about climate change have not translated into adequate action to address impacts on population health and health equity in Canada. Research has shown that context-based perceptions and interpretations mediate engagement. Exploring climate change engagement involves inquiry into contextual experience. METHODS This qualitative study has employed narrative methodology to interpret the meaning of climate change among community leaders in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, age 20-40 (n = 10). Climate change narratives were explored both structurally and thematically. RESULTS A model was developed to organize results and to describe concepts of fidelity and dissonance within participant narratives. Findings suggested that knowledge of climate change and personal motivation to act did not preclude narrative dissonance, which served as a barrier to a meaningful personal response. Dissonance can result where internal and external barriers mediate mobilization at moments in the plot: (1) moving from knowledge of the challenge to a sense of agency about it; (2) from agency to a sense of responsibility to choose to address it; (3) from responsibility to a sense of capacity to produce desirable outcomes despite contextual challenges; and (4) from capacity to a moral sense of activation in context. Without narrative fidelity, meaningful mobilization can be hindered. CONCLUSION A narrative model is useful for exploring climate change engagement and highlights opportunities for a population health approach to address the conditions that hinder meaningful mobilization. By framing climate change narratives with emotional and moral logic, population health framing could help young leaders overcome internal and external barriers to engagement.
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362
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Climate change: essential knowledge for developing holistic solutions to our climate crisis. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:245-256. [PMID: 33523148 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding anthropogenic climate change is essential for anyone working in the life sciences. Firstly because climate change has already started to impact the Earth biosphere and human health and these changes need to be documented and acknowledged. Secondly, many of the solutions to climate change, both mitigation and adaptation, will be through the life sciences, everything from massive reforestation and sustainable agriculture to preventing the spread of disease and protecting individual human health. Anthropogenic climate change is, therefore, one of the defining challenges of the 21st century, along with poverty alleviation, environmental degradation and global security. Climate change is no longer just a scientific concern but encompasses economics, sociology, geopolitics, national and local politics, law and health to name a few. Hence, to understand climate change fully then not only does one have to review the science but also the politics and geopolitics, which have created the issue and can provide the solutions. Climate change ultimately makes us examine the whole basis of modern society and ultimately asks questions about humanity's relationship with the rest of the planet.
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363
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Hopkinson NS, Hart N, Jenkins G, Rosenfeld M, Smyth AR, Wilkinson AJK, Kaminski N. Climate change and lung health: presidential failure, professional responsibility. Thorax 2019; 74:627-628. [PMID: 31010935 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Hopkinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alan Robert Smyth
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Yale School of Medicine Shield Education Patient Care Research Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine Shield Education Patient Care Research, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Smith JA, Herriot M, Williams C, Judd J, Griffiths K, Bainbridge R. Health promotion: A political imperative. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 30:133-136. [DOI: 10.1002/hpja.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Smith
- Wellbeing & Preventable Chronic Diseases DivisionMenzies School of Health Research Darwin Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health PolicyUniversity of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | | | | | - Jenni Judd
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity ResearchCentral Queensland University Rockhampton Australia
- School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland University Bundaberg Australia
| | - Kalinda Griffiths
- Wellbeing & Preventable Chronic Diseases DivisionMenzies School of Health Research Darwin Australia
- Centre for Big Research Data in HealthUniversity of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Roxanne Bainbridge
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity ResearchCentral Queensland University Rockhampton Australia
- School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland University Bundaberg Australia
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365
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366
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The Sensitivity of Urban Heat Island to Urban Green Space—A Model-Based Study of City of Colombo, Sri Lanka. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization continues to trigger massive land-use land-cover change that transforms natural green environments to impermeable paved surfaces. Fast-growing cities in Asia experience increased urban temperature indicating the development of urban heat islands (UHIs) because of decreased urban green space, particularly in recent decades. This paper investigates the existence of UHIs and the impact of green areas to mitigate the impacts of UHIs in Colombo, Sri Lanka, using UrbClim, a boundary climate model that runs two classes of simulations, namely urbanization impact simulations, and greening simulations. The urbanization impact simulation results show that UHIs spread spatially with the reduction of vegetation cover, and increases the average UHI intensity. The greening simulations show that increasing green space up to 30% in urban areas can decrease the average air temperature by 0.1 °C. On the other hand, converting entire green areas into urban areas in suburban areas increases the average temperature from 27.75 °C to 27.78 °C in Colombo. This demonstrates the sensitivity of UHI to vegetation cover in both urban and suburban areas. These seemingly small changes are average grid values and may indicate much higher impacts at sub-grid levels.
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367
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Chersich MF, Wright CY. Climate change adaptation in South Africa: a case study on the role of the health sector. Global Health 2019; 15:22. [PMID: 30890178 PMCID: PMC6423888 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the response to climate change is gradually gaining momentum as the impacts of climate change unfold. In South Africa, it is increasingly apparent that delays in responding to climate change over the past decades have jeopardized human life and livelihoods. While slow progress with mitigation, especially in the energy sector, has garnered much attention, focus is now shifting to developing plans and systems to adapt to the impacts of climate change. METHODS We applied systematic review methods to assess progress with climate change adaptation in the health sector in South Africa. This case study provides useful lessons which could be applied in other countries in the African region, or globally. We reviewed the literature indexed in PubMed and Web of Science, together with relevant grey literature. We included articles describing adaptation interventions to reduce the impact of climate change on health in South Africa. All study designs were eligible. Data from included articles and grey literature were summed thematically. RESULTS Of the 820 publications screened, 21 were included, together with an additional xx papers. Very few studies presented findings of an intervention or used high-quality research designs. Several policy frameworks for climate change have been developed at national and local government levels. These, however, pay little attention to health concerns and the specific needs of vulnerable groups. Systems for forecasting extreme weather, and tracking malaria and other infections appear well established. Yet, there is little evidence about the country's preparedness for extreme weather events, or the ability of the already strained health system to respond to these events. Seemingly, few adaptation measures have taken place in occupational and other settings. To date, little attention has been given to climate change in training curricula for health workers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the volume and quality of research is disappointing, and disproportionate to the threat posed by climate change in South Africa. This is surprising given that the requisite expertise for policy advocacy, identifying effective interventions and implementing systems-based approaches rests within the health sector. More effective use of data, a traditional strength of health professionals, could support adaptation and promote accountability of the state. With increased health-sector leadership, climate change could be reframed as predominately a health issue, one necessitating an urgent, adequately-resourced response. Such a shift in South Africa, but also beyond the country, may play a key role in accelerating climate change adaptation and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Chersich
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Caradee Y Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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368
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Rose D, Heller MC, Willits-Smith AM, Meyer RJ. Carbon footprint of self-selected US diets: nutritional, demographic, and behavioral correlates. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:526-534. [PMID: 30698631 PMCID: PMC6408204 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial portion of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) has been attributed to the food sector, but little is known about the association between the carbon footprint of individual self-selected diets in the United States and nutritional quality. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the GHGE from individual self-selected diets in the United States and examine their association with nutritional quality of the diets, demographic patterns, and food-related behaviors. METHODS The dietary GHGE from US adults (>18 y, N = 16,800) in the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were calculated by linking all foods consumed in their 24-h recall diets to our new database of food environmental impacts. Diets were ranked by GHGE/1000 kcal. Those in the top and bottom quintiles were compared on the US Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and on the amounts of specific nutrients known to be under- or overconsumed in the US population. Demographic and behavioral variables from the NHANES were also correlated to these dietary carbon footprints. RESULTS Diets in the bottom quintile accounted for one-fifth the total emissions (GHGE/1000 kcal) of those in the top quintile, yet had significantly higher (P < 0.001) HEI scores by 2.3 ± 0.7 points on a 100-point scale. These low-GHGE diets contained higher amounts of fiber and vitamin E and lower amounts of sodium and saturated fats, whereas high-GHGE diets contained higher amounts of vitamins A and D, choline, calcium, iron, and potassium. Low-GHGE diets had less meat, dairy, and solid fats, and more poultry, plant protein foods, oils, whole and refined grains, and added sugars. CONCLUSIONS Food patterns responsible for lower GHGE had a better overall diet quality and were more nutritious on several key dimensions, although not all. These results can inform dietary guidance and other policies that seek to address the goals of improved dietary intakes and reduced food-related emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Rose
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Address correspondence to DR (e-mail: )
| | - Martin C Heller
- University of Michigan, Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Robert J Meyer
- University of Michigan, Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, Ann Arbor, MI
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369
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Haque MR, Parr N, Muhidin S. Parents' healthcare-seeking behavior for their children among the climate-related displaced population of rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 2019; 226:9-20. [PMID: 30831558 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Bangladesh climate change has contributed to a massive displacement of people. This study examines the effects of climate-related displacement, socioeconomic status, availability of healthcare providers and disease-related attributes on the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Using cross-sectional survey data from the parents of 1003 children aged under 15 who were ill in the four weeks prior to the interview, collected from 600 randomly-selected households in climate displacement-susceptible areas and 600 households in non-climate-displacement-susceptible areas in Bangladesh, we use multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors associated with parental healthcare-seeking behaviors. The results show that 15.5% of the children who had been ill receive either no care or curative care at home. Of those receiving care outside the home, only 22.1% are treated by trained providers. Climate-related displaced parents are significantly less likely to seek care or to use provider-prescribed care to manage children's illnesses. Areas lacking local healthcare providers, poorer households, females, child age and mild illness are also associated with a child being significantly less likely to be treated outside the home. The children of climate-related displaced parents are around half as likely as those of non-displaced parents to be treated by a trained provider. The local availability of medical doctors, cost of reaching a healthcare center, household income, type and severity of illness, child's age, and joint parental decision-making about care providers are also important predictors of the selection of trained healthcare providers for children. Thus, climate-related displacement affects the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Policy aimed at improving child health should address the socioeconomic disadvantage and access to healthcare of the displaced, the training of local untrained providers about Primary Health Care service provision, and the numbers of medical doctors in the displacement-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Haque
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Department of Population Sciences, Faculty of Social Science, Arts Building, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Nick Parr
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Salut Muhidin
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
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370
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Swinburn BA, Kraak VI, Allender S, Atkins VJ, Baker PI, Bogard JR, Brinsden H, Calvillo A, De Schutter O, Devarajan R, Ezzati M, Friel S, Goenka S, Hammond RA, Hastings G, Hawkes C, Herrero M, Hovmand PS, Howden M, Jaacks LM, Kapetanaki AB, Kasman M, Kuhnlein HV, Kumanyika SK, Larijani B, Lobstein T, Long MW, Matsudo VKR, Mills SDH, Morgan G, Morshed A, Nece PM, Pan A, Patterson DW, Sacks G, Shekar M, Simmons GL, Smit W, Tootee A, Vandevijvere S, Waterlander WE, Wolfenden L, Dietz WH. The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission report. Lancet 2019; 393:791-846. [PMID: 30700377 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1201] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyd A Swinburn
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Global Obesity Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vivica I Kraak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Phillip I Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica R Bogard
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Olivier De Schutter
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Legal Sciences, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Raji Devarajan
- Public Health Foundation of India, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sharon Friel
- School of Regulation and Global Governance, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Shifalika Goenka
- Public Health Foundation of India, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Ross A Hammond
- Center on Social Dynamics & Policy, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Public Health & Social Policy Department, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard Hastings
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Corinna Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City University, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter S Hovmand
- Social System Design Lab, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Howden
- Climate Change Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariadne B Kapetanaki
- Department of Marketing and Enterprise, Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Matt Kasman
- Center on Social Dynamics & Policy, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Harriet V Kuhnlein
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael W Long
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victor K R Matsudo
- Physical Fitness Research Laboratory of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susanna D H Mills
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Morshed
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - An Pan
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meera Shekar
- Health, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Warren Smit
- African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ali Tootee
- Diabetes Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Scientific Institute of Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilma E Waterlander
- Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William H Dietz
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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371
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Assessment of green space cooling effects in dense urban landscape: a case study of Delhi, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40808-019-00573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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372
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Heat Waves Occurrence and Outdoor Workers' Self-assessment of Heat Stress in Slovenia and Greece. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040597. [PMID: 30791365 PMCID: PMC6406360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Changing patterns of heat waves are part of the global warming effect and the importance of changes is reinforced by their negative impact on society. Firstly, heat waves were analyzed in Brnik (Slovenia) and Larisa (Greece) in the period 1981–2017 to reflect the environment which workers are exposed to. Secondly, outdoor workers (70 from Greece, 216 from Slovenia) provided a self-assessment of heat stress. The heat wave timeline is presented as an effective way of illustrating long-term changes in heat waves’ characteristics for various stakeholders. In both countries, workers assessed as significant the heat stress impact on productivity (Greece 69%, Slovenia 71%; p > 0.05), and in Slovenia also on well-being (74%; p < 0.01). The main experienced symptoms and diseases were thirst (Greece 70%, Slovenia 82%; p = 0.03), excessive sweating (67%, 85%; p = 0.01), exhaustion (51%, 62%; p > 0.05) and headache (44%, 53%; p > 0.05). The most common way to reduce heat stress was drinking more water (Greece 64%, Slovenia 82%; p = 0.001). Among the informed workers, the prevalent source of information was discussions. Therefore, educational campaigns are recommended, together with the testing of the efficiency of mitigation measures that will be proposed on the Heat-Shield project portal.
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373
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Moysés
- School of Life Sciences at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata C Soares
- School of Life Sciences at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PPGO/PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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374
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The US Government Just Published a New Report Detailing the Impacts of Climate Change on Americans: Does it Matter? Epidemiology 2019; 30:163-165. [PMID: 30721162 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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375
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Haines
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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376
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Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, Garnett T, Tilman D, DeClerck F, Wood A, Jonell M, Clark M, Gordon LJ, Fanzo J, Hawkes C, Zurayk R, Rivera JA, De Vries W, Majele Sibanda L, Afshin A, Chaudhary A, Herrero M, Agustina R, Branca F, Lartey A, Fan S, Crona B, Fox E, Bignet V, Troell M, Lindahl T, Singh S, Cornell SE, Srinath Reddy K, Narain S, Nishtar S, Murray CJL. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet 2019; 393:447-492. [PMID: 30660336 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3424] [Impact Index Per Article: 684.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Willett
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brent Loken
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; EAT, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Lang
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeulen
- World Wide Fund for Nature International, Gland, Switzerland; Hoffmann Centre for Sustainable Resource Economy, Chatham House, London, UK
| | - Tara Garnett
- Food Climate Research Network, Environmental Change Institute and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Fabrice DeClerck
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; EAT, Oslo, Norway; Bioversity International, CGIAR, Montpellier, France
| | - Amanda Wood
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; EAT, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Michael Clark
- Natural Resources Science and Management, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jessica Fanzo
- Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Berman Institute of Bioethics and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Corinna Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rami Zurayk
- Department of Landscape Design and Ecosystem Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Wim De Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ashkan Afshin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Abhishek Chaudhary
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Francesco Branca
- Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lartey
- Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Economic and Social Development Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Rome, Italy
| | - Shenggen Fan
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Fox
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | | | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Lindahl
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudhvir Singh
- EAT, Oslo, Norway; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Sunita Narain
- Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, India
| | - Sania Nishtar
- Heartfile, Islamabad, Pakistan; WHO High Level Commission on NCDs, Geneva Switzerland; Chairperson Benazir Income Support Program, Islamabad, Pakistan
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377
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Zhang A, Hu W, Li J, Wei R, Lin J, Ma W. Impact of heatwaves on daily outpatient visits of respiratory disease: A time-stratified case-crossover study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:196-205. [PMID: 30466013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate the impact of heatwaves from July 2010 to October 2012 on daily outpatient visits for respiratory disease (RD) in Cangnan, China and identify vulnerable populations. METHODS The definition of heatwave was a period at least 3 consecutive days with maximum temperature exceeding 35 °C in this study. A time-stratified case-crossover design was conducted to examine the relationship between heatwaves and outpatient visits for RD. Patient data for the period from 2010 to 2012 were collected from the Third People's Hospital of Cangnan and daily meteorological data for the same period were collected from the China Meteorological Data Service Center. Data regarding the air pollution index (API), a composite indicator of air pollution, were collected from the Data Center of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. RD were identified based on the 10th revision International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes (J00-J99). A conditional Poisson regression model was applied to examine the heatwave-RD association using the Relative Risk (RR) while adjusting for meteorological and air pollution factors including temperature, rainfall, wind speed, pressure, humidity, sunshine hours and API. RESULTS During the study period, 4 heatwaves occurred and a total of 1732 outpatient visits for RD were reported. Heatwaves increased the frequency of RD outpatient visits and the highest RR of total RD was 1.155% and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) was 1.084-1.232 at Lag 0. For subcategories, heatwaves increased the risk of infectious RD (Lag 0: RR =1.182, 95% CI: 1.106-1.263) and decreased the risk of non-infectious RD ((Lag 6: RR =0.750, 95% CI: 0.568-0.990). Moreover, heatwaves showed adverse effects on acute upper respiratory infection (Lag 0: RR =1.306, 95% CI: 1.177-1.450). The RR of outpatient visits for RD was statistically significant in females (Lag 0: RR =1.161, 95% CI: 1.046-1.298), males (Lag 4: RR =1.161, 95% CI: 1.096-1.261), young people aged 4-17 years (Lag 0: RR =1.741, 95% CI: 1.524-1.990) and elders aged 65 years or older (Lag 5: RR =1.412, 95% CI: 1.111-1.794) during heatwaves. CONCLUSIONS Heatwaves had a significant harmful impact on daily outpatient visits for RD in Cangnan, especially for vulnerable population identified. These results can be used not only to strengthen the health education and protection of these vulnerable populations, but also to assist relevant organizations with developing intervention programmes and improving disease prevention and community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Junfen Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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378
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A Comparison of Neighborhood-Scale Interventions to Alleviate Urban Heat in Doha, Qatar. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that many densely populated areas of the world will be uninhabitable in the coming century due to the depletion of resources, climate change, and increasing urbanization. This poses serious questions regarding the actions that require immediate attention, and opportunities to stave off massive losses of infrastructure, populations, and financial investments. The present study utilizes microclimate modeling to examine the role of landscape features as they affect ambient temperatures in one of the fastest growing regions of the world: Doha, Qatar. By modeling three study sites around Doha—one highly urbanized, one newly urbanizing, and one coastal low-density urbanized—the research indicates that at the neighborhood scale, the most effective scenario was that of adding mature trees along the sides of roads. In the coastal study area, the model results estimated a maximum hourly air temperature reduction of 1.35 °C, and in the highly urbanized inland site, surface temperature reductions were up to 15 °C at 12:00. While other scenarios were effective at reducing air and surface temperatures, the mean radiant temperature was also increased or nearly neutral for most of the other scenarios. This result highlights the need to develop improved shading measures for pedestrian pathways and outdoor recreational areas, especially for highly urbanized inland areas in Doha and cities with similar climatic conditions.
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379
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Figgs LW. Emergency department asthma diagnosis risk associated with the 2012 heat wave and drought in Douglas County NE, USA. Heart Lung 2019; 48:250-257. [PMID: 30686617 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global climate change concerns are forcing local public health agencies to assess potential disease risk. OBJECTIVE Determine if risk of an emergency department asthma diagnosis in Douglas County, NE, was higher during the 2012 heatwave compared to 2011. METHODS Retrospective, observational, case-control design selecting subjects from 2011 and 2012 emergency department (ED) admissions. Risk was estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The asthma ED risk estimate was 1.23 (95%CI = 0.96-1.57) times higher in 2012 than 2011, for the same calendar period. Asthma ED diagnosis risk was 3.37 (95%CI = 2.27-4.17) times higher among subjects <19years old compared to older subjects, and 3.25 (95%CI = 2.63-4.02) times higher among African-Americans than non-African-Americans, adjusted for heatwave exposure. Absolute humidity appears inversely related to asthma diagnosis risk ( χ2 = 16.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Asthma ED diagnosis risk was not significantly higher in 2012 compared to 2011. Risk was elevated among subjects less than 19years old, and among African Americans; adjusted for heatwave exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Figgs
- Environmental Health Division, Douglas County Health Department, 1111 South 41 Street, Omaha, NE 68105, United States.
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380
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Hussey LK, Arku G. Conceptualizations of climate-related health risks among health experts and the public in Ghana. Soc Sci Med 2019; 223:40-50. [PMID: 30708170 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One major area that has gathered public attention in relation to climate change is health risks. Studies into risk perceptions have acknowledged differences between public and expert knowledge. What is less known is how perceptions of climate change related health risk vary between the public and health experts and how these differentiated perceptions are shaped and modified by everyday complex climate change narratives from multiple actors, and contextual ecologies of social and physical spaces. A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used to elucidate climate change knowledge and awareness of climate-related health risks among health experts and the public. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected on community members (n = 927) and health experts (n = 99) in Savelugu-Nanton and Ada East Districts in Ghana. The results showed that both groups were likely to report climate change-related health concerns, of which disease was the top concern. However, differences exist in public and experts' perceptions of climate change health linkage. Community members were less likely to link climate change to health risks compared with health experts (OR = 0.02, p ≤ 0.000). The contrasting climate change health risk perceptions between health experts and the public adds to the literature on the health dimensions of global environmental change. The findings from this study highlight limited knowledge about climate change health related risks among the public. Hence, in building sustainable communities in light of persistent climate change impacts, it is crucial to improve climate change adaptation by implementing climate change sensitization programs. In addition, health infrastructure, decision-making and management should be strengthened for effective response to emerging climate-health risks in Ghana and similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kafui Hussey
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.
| | - Godwin Arku
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
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381
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Ridde V, Benmarhnia T, Bonnet E, Bottger C, Cloos P, Dagenais C, De Allegri M, Nebot A, Queuille L, Sarker M. Climate change, migration and health systems resilience: Need for interdisciplinary research. F1000Res 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 32983410 PMCID: PMC7506192 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17559.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of today's major challenges, and among the causes of population movement and international migration. Climate migrants impact health systems and how their ability to respond and adapt to their needs and patterns. To date, the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change has barely been explored. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of studying the relationship between climate change, migration, and the resilience of health systems from an interdisciplinary perspective. Resilience is an old concept, notably in the field of psychology, and is increasingly applied to the study of health systems. Yet, no research has analysed the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change. While universal health coverage is a major international goal, little research to date focused on the existing links between climate, migration, health systems and resilience. We propose an interdisciplinary approach relying on the concept of health system resilience to study adaptive and transformative strategies to articulate climate change, migration and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ridde
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), CEPED (IRD-Université Paris Descartes), Universités Paris Sorbonne Cités, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Room 3060, Montreal, QC, Canada
- l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health & Scripps, Institution of Oceanography, University of California, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), UMI Résiliences 236, Bondy, France
| | - Carol Bottger
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal (ESPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Cloos
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Manuela De Allegri
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariadna Nebot
- Independent Consultant, Pharmacist and Public Health Specialist, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Queuille
- Pan American Health Organization, Haiti Office, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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382
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Ridde V, Benmarhnia T, Bonnet E, Bottger C, Cloos P, Dagenais C, De Allegri M, Nebot A, Queuille L, Sarker M. Climate change, migration and health systems resilience: Need for interdisciplinary research. F1000Res 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 32983410 PMCID: PMC7506192 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17559.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of today's major challenges, among the causes of population movements and international migration. Climate migrants impact health systems and how they respond and adapt to their needs and patterns. But to date, the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change has been little explored. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of studying, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the relationships between climate change, migration, and the resilience of health systems. Resilience is an old concept, notably in the field of psychology, and is increasingly applied to the study of health systems. Yet, no research has analysed the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change. While universal health coverage is a major international goal, little research has to date focused on the existing links between climate, migration, health systems and resilience. We propose an interdisciplinary approach relying on the concept of health system resilience to study adaptive and transformative strategies to articulate climate change, migration and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ridde
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), CEPED (IRD-Université Paris Descartes), Universités Paris Sorbonne Cités, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Room 3060, Montreal, QC, Canada
- l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health & Scripps, Institution of Oceanography, University of California, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), UMI Résiliences 236, Bondy, France
| | - Carol Bottger
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal (ESPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Cloos
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Manuela De Allegri
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariadna Nebot
- Independent Consultant, Pharmacist and Public Health Specialist, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Queuille
- Pan American Health Organization, Haiti Office, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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383
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Sula-Raxhimi E, Butzbach C, Brousselle A. Planetary health: countering commercial and corporate power. Lancet Planet Health 2019; 3:e12-e13. [PMID: 30654860 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enkelejda Sula-Raxhimi
- École d'Études de Conflits, Université Saint-Paul, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne - Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les Innovations en Santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Butzbach
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne - Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les Innovations en Santé (CR-CSIS), Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Astrid Brousselle
- School of Public Administration, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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384
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Nash N, Capstick S, Whitmarsh L, Chaudhary I, Manandhar R. Perceptions of Local Environmental Issues and the Relevance of Climate Change in Nepal's Terai: Perspectives From Two Communities. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2019; 4:60. [PMID: 33869383 PMCID: PMC8022627 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The direct and indirect impacts of global climate change entail serious consequences for global biophysical and social systems, including the health, well-being and sustainability of communities. These impacts are especially serious for vulnerable groups in economically developing societies. While climate change is a global phenomenon, it is at the local level that impacts are most felt, and from where responses to climate change are enacted. It is increasingly urgent that communities possess the capacity to respond to climate change, now and in the future. Community representations of climate-relevant issues are critical to underpinning responses. Environmental representations do not directly reflect actual physical conditions but are interpreted through social and cultural layers of understanding that shape environmental issues. This paper investigates environmental and climate-relevant perceptions within two communities in the Terai region of Nepal; the city of Bharatpur and the village of Kumroj in Chitwan Province. Following mixed findings on levels of climate change awareness in Nepal, we set out to explore perspectives on the environment and climate change awareness by conducting 30 qualitative interviews with local people. The study found that issues linked to sanitation and cleanliness were most important in both communities, while reports of temperature and weather changes were less common and typically linked to local causes rather than climate change. Imagined futures were also closely related to current environmental issues affecting communities and did not discuss climate change, though temperature and weather changes were anticipated. However, when talk of climate change was deliberately elicited, participants displayed their awareness, though this was rarely linked to local conditions. We conclude that, in light of other pressing local issues, climate change is yet to penetrate the environmental representations of some communities and there is a need to address the disconnect between local issues and global climate change. Making climate change relevant at the local level by connecting to salient local issues and co-benefits comprises an important step in bridging the gap between more global awareness and its relevance more locally, particularly for communities at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Nash
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nick Nash
| | - Stuart Capstick
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Whitmarsh
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Indra Chaudhary
- Research Department, Institute for Social and Environmental Research Nepal (ISER-N), Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Rija Manandhar
- Research Department, Institute for Social and Environmental Research Nepal (ISER-N), Bharatpur, Nepal
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385
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Caminade C, McIntyre KM, Jones AE. Impact of recent and future climate change on vector-borne diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1436:157-173. [PMID: 30120891 PMCID: PMC6378404 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. Climate directly impacts health through climatic extremes, air quality, sea-level rise, and multifaceted influences on food production systems and water resources. Climate also affects infectious diseases, which have played a significant role in human history, impacting the rise and fall of civilizations and facilitating the conquest of new territories. Our review highlights significant regional changes in vector and pathogen distribution reported in temperate, peri-Arctic, Arctic, and tropical highland regions during recent decades, changes that have been anticipated by scientists worldwide. Further future changes are likely if we fail to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Many key factors affect the spread and severity of human diseases, including mobility of people, animals, and goods; control measures in place; availability of effective drugs; quality of public health services; human behavior; and political stability and conflicts. With drug and insecticide resistance on the rise, significant funding and research efforts must to be maintained to continue the battle against existing and emerging diseases, particularly those that are vector borne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Caminade
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic InfectionsLiverpoolUK
| | - K. Marie McIntyre
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic InfectionsLiverpoolUK
| | - Anne E. Jones
- Department of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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386
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Aliberti S, Dela Cruz CS, Sotgiu G, Restrepo MI. Pneumonia is a neglected problem: it is now time to act. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 7:10-11. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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387
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Godsmark CN, Irlam J, van der Merwe F, New M, Rother HA. Priority focus areas for a sub-national response to climate change and health: A South African provincial case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:31-51. [PMID: 30573189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intersection of health and climate change is often absent or under-represented in sub-national government strategies. This analysis of the literature, using a new methodological framework, highlights priority focus areas for a sub-national government response to health and climate change, using the Western Cape (WC) province of South Africa as a case study. METHODS A methodological framework was created to conduct a review of priority focus areas relevant for sub-national governments. The framework encompassed the establishment of a Project Steering Group consisting of relevant, sub-national stakeholders (e.g. provincial officials, public and environmental health specialists and academics); an analysis of local climatic projections as well as an analysis of global, national and sub-national health risk factors and impacts. RESULTS Globally, the discussion of health and climate change adaptation strategies in sub-national, or provincial government is often limited. For the case study presented, multiple health risk factors were identified. WC climatic projections include a warmer and potentially drier future with an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. WC government priority focus areas requiring further research on health risk factors include: population migration and environmental refugees, land use change, violence and human conflict and vulnerable groups. WC government priority focus areas for further research on health impacts include: mental ill-health, non-communicable diseases, injuries, poisonings (e.g. pesticides), food and nutrition insecurity-related diseases, water- and food-borne diseases and reproductive health. These areas are currently under-addressed, or not addressed at all, in the current provincial climate change strategy. CONCLUSIONS Sub-national government adaptation strategies often display limited discussion on the health and climate change intersect. The methodological framework presented in this case study can be globally utilized by other sub-national governments for decision-making and development of climate change and health adaptation strategies. Additionally, due to the broad range of sectoral issues identified, a primary recommendation from this study is that sub-national governments internationally should consider a "health and climate change in all policies" approach when developing adaptation and mitigation strategies to address climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Nicole Godsmark
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James Irlam
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Primary Health Care Directorate, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances van der Merwe
- Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, Western Cape Government, South Africa
| | - Mark New
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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388
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Schnitter R, Verret M, Berry P, Chung Tiam Fook T, Hales S, Lal A, Edwards S. An Assessment of Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation in Dominica. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E70. [PMID: 30597870 PMCID: PMC6339242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessment was conducted in Dominica, a Caribbean small island developing state located in the Lesser Antilles. The assessment revealed that the country's population is already experiencing many impacts on health and health systems from climate variability and change. Infectious diseases as well as food and waterborne diseases pose continued threats as climate change may exacerbate the related health risks. Threats to food security were also identified, with particular concern for food production systems. The findings of the assessment included near-term and long-term adaptation options that can inform actions of health sector decision-makers in addressing health vulnerabilities and building resilience to climate change. Key challenges include the need for enhanced financial and human resources to build awareness of key health risks and increase adaptive capacity. Other small island developing states interested in pursuing a vulnerability and adaptation assessment may find this assessment approach, key findings, analysis, and lessons learned useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schnitter
- Climate Change and Innovation Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0P8, Canada.
| | - Marielle Verret
- Climate Change and Innovation Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0P8, Canada.
| | - Peter Berry
- Climate Change and Innovation Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0P8, Canada.
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Tanya Chung Tiam Fook
- Faculty of Environmental Studies and Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Newtown, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Aparna Lal
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Sally Edwards
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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389
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Rychetnik L, Sainsbury P, Stewart G. How Local Health Districts can prepare for the effects of climate change: an adaptation model applied to metropolitan Sydney. AUST HEALTH REV 2018; 43:601-610. [PMID: 30573003 DOI: 10.1071/ah18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change adaptation can be defined as a form of risk management (i.e. assessing climate change-related risks and responding appropriately so that the risks can be pre-emptively minimised and managed as they arise). Adapting to climate change by hospital and community health services will entail responding to changing health needs of the local population, and to the likely effects of climate change on health service resources, workforce and infrastructure. In this paper we apply a model that health services can use to predict and respond to climate change risks and illustrate this with reference to Sydney's Local Health Districts (LHDs). We outline the climate change predictions for the Sydney metropolitan area, discuss the resulting vulnerabilities for LHDs and consider the potential of LHDs to respond. Three 'core business' categories are examined: (1) ambulance, emergency and acute health care; (2) routine health care; and (3) population and preventative health services. We consider the key climate change risks and vulnerabilities of the LHDs' workforce, facilities and finances, and some important transboundary issues. Many Australian health services have existing robust disaster plans and management networks. These could be expanded to incorporate local climate and health adaptation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rychetnik
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia
| | | | - Greg Stewart
- Primary Integrated and Community Health, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District. Email
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390
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Abstract
This article on exposome and asthma focuses on the interaction of patients and their environments in various parts of their growth, development, and stages of life. Indoor and outdoor environments play a role in pathogenesis via levels and duration of exposure, with genetic susceptibility as a crucial factor that alters the initiation and trajectory of common conditions such as asthma. Knowledge of environmental exposures globally and changes that are occurring is necessary to function effectively as medical professionals and health advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahila Subramanian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, CWRU School of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue/A90, Cleveland, OH 4419, USA
| | - Sumita B Khatri
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, CWRU School of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue/A90, Cleveland, OH 4419, USA.
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391
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Beggs PJ, Zhang Y. The
MJA–Lancet
Countdown on health and climate change: Australian policy inaction threatens lives(Summary). Med J Aust 2018; 209:474-475. [DOI: 10.5694/mja18.00789ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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392
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Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Berry H, Bouley T, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Depoux A, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Ebi KL, Ekins P, Montoya LF, Fischer H, Georgeson L, Grace D, Graham H, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lemke B, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, Mikhaylov SJ, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Nilsson M, Neville T, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Pye S, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Saxer O, Schütte S, Semenza JC, Shumake-Guillemot J, Steinbach R, Tabatabaei M, Tomei J, Trinanes J, Wheeler N, Wilkinson P, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come. Lancet 2018; 392:2479-2514. [PMID: 30503045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Berry
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy Bouley
- Health and Climate Change Unit, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Meaghan Daly
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government and Society, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anneliese Depoux
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Helen Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruno Lemke
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Lu Liang
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- History and Society Division, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial college London, London, UK
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health and the Environment, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Centre for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Steve Pye
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olivia Saxer
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Jan C Semenza
- European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Rebecca Steinbach
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia Tomei
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Trinanes
- Physical Oceanography Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicola Wheeler
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice-Provost (Research), University College London, London, UK
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393
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Landrigan P, Fuller R, Haines A, Watts N, McCarthy G. Pollution prevention and climate change mitigation: measuring the health benefits of comprehensive interventions. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2:e515-e516. [PMID: 30526935 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Landrigan
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science & Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | | | - Andy Haines
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gina McCarthy
- Center for Climate, Health and the Global Environment, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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394
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Díaz J, López IA, Carmona R, Mirón IJ, Luna MY, Linares C. Short-term effect of heat waves on hospital admissions in Madrid: Analysis by gender and comparision with previous findings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1648-1656. [PMID: 30296761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I A López
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Carmona
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - I J Mirón
- Torrijos Public Health District, Castile-La Mancha Regional Health Authority, Consejería de Sanidad, Torrijos, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Y Luna
- State Meteorological Agency (Agencia Estatal de Meteorología/AEMET), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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395
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Huang C, Cheng J, Phung D, Tawatsupa B, Hu W, Xu Z. Mortality burden attributable to heatwaves in Thailand: A systematic assessment incorporating evidence-based lag structure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:41-50. [PMID: 30172927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available information on the acute and cumulative effects of heatwaves on cause-specific mortality in Thailand is scarce. OBJECTIVES To quantify the acute and cumulative effects of heatwaves on mortality in Thailand, and assess heatwave-related mortality burden. METHODS Thirty heatwave definitions were used and categorized into three groups: low intensity heatwaves (HWlow), middle intensity heatwaves (HWmiddle), and high intensity heatwaves (HWhigh). Time-series analyses were conducted to examine the acute and cumulative effects of HWlow, HWmiddle, and HWhigh on total and cause-specific mortality in 60 provinces of Thailand, incorporating an optimal lag for each cause and each province. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool provincial estimates to national estimates for both acute and cumulative effects. Meta-regressions were conducted to identify the possible factors contributing to the spatial heterogeneity of heatwave vulnerability. RESULTS The cumulative effects of HWlow and HWmiddle on total and cause-specific mortality were greater than HWhigh. Both acute and cumulative effects of HWlow, HWmiddle and HWhigh on neoplasms and certain infectious and parasitic diseases were among the highest across all death causes. Effects of heatwaves on deaths from endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases appeared to be longer-lasting, and effects of heatwaves on deaths from ischaemic heart diseases and pneumonia occurred more rapidly. Northern and Central Thailand were the regions vulnerable to heatwaves, and proportion of elderly population was the major driver behind the spatial heterogeneity of heatwave vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS More attention needs to be paid to mild heatwaves. Future heatwave-related mortality burden due to neoplasms and infectious diseases in Thailand may increase as climate change continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjawan Tawatsupa
- Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Heath, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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396
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Berry P, Enright PM, Shumake-Guillemot J, Villalobos Prats E, Campbell-Lendrum D. Assessing Health Vulnerabilities and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of International Progress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2626. [PMID: 30477122 PMCID: PMC6313539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing risks to human health and to the health systems that seek to protect the safety and well-being of populations. Health authorities require information about current associations between health outcomes and weather or climate, vulnerable populations, projections of future risks and adaptation opportunities in order to reduce exposures, empower individuals to take needed protective actions and build climate-resilient health systems. An increasing number of health authorities from local to national levels seek this information by conducting climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments. While assessments can provide valuable information to plan for climate change impacts, the results of many studies are not helping to build the global evidence-base of knowledge in this area. They are also often not integrated into adaptation decision making, sometimes because the health sector is not involved in climate change policy making processes at the national level. Significant barriers related to data accessibility, a limited number of climate and health models, uncertainty in climate projections, and a lack of funding and expertise, particularly in developing countries, challenge health authority efforts to conduct rigorous assessments and apply the findings. This paper examines the evolution of climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including guidance developed for such projects, the number of assessments that have been conducted globally and implementation of the findings to support health adaptation action. Greater capacity building that facilitates assessments from local to national scales will support collaborative efforts to protect health from current climate hazards and future climate change. Health sector officials will benefit from additional resources and partnership opportunities to ensure that evidence about climate change impacts on health is effectively translated into needed actions to build health resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Berry
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Paddy M Enright
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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397
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Arabena K, Armstrong F, Berry H, Brooks P, Capon T, Crabb B, Demaio A, Doherty P, Lewin S, Lo S, Lopez A, McMichael C, McPake B, Moodie R, Nolan T, Ruff T, Sainsbury P, Selvey L, Shearman D, Stanley F, Talley NJ, Watts N. Australian health professionals' statement on climate change and health. Lancet 2018; 392:2169-2170. [PMID: 30497656 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Arabena
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Helen Berry
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Brooks
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Capon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Alessandro Demaio
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Doherty
- Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Lewin
- Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Selina Lo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Lancet, London, UK.
| | - Alan Lopez
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara McPake
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rob Moodie
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tilman Ruff
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Malden, MA, USA
| | | | - Linda Selvey
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Shearman
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Doctors for the Environment Australia, College Park, SA, Australia
| | - Fiona Stanley
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Lancet Countdown for Climate Change and Health, London, UK
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398
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Nguyen HT, Rydstrom H. Climate disaster, gender, and violence: Men's infliction of harm upon women in the Philippines and Vietnam. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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399
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Figueres C, Landrigan PJ, Fuller R. Tackling air pollution, climate change, and NCDs: time to pull together. Lancet 2018; 392:1502-1503. [PMID: 30496047 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J Landrigan
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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400
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Stress Testing the Capacity of Health Systems to Manage Climate Change-Related Shocks and Stresses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112370. [PMID: 30373158 PMCID: PMC6265916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability and adaptation assessments can provide valuable input to foster climate-resilient health systems. However, these assessments often do not explore the potential health risks of climate change far outside the range of recent experience with extreme weather events and other climate-related hazards. Climate and health stress tests are designed to increase the capacity of health systems and related sectors to manage potentially disruptive climate-related shocks and stresses. Stress tests focus on hypothetical scenarios, during which it would be difficult for the health system to maintain its essential function of providing services to protect population health. The stress test explores approaches to effectively manage acute and chronic climate-related events and conditions that could directly impact health systems, and climate-related events in non-health sectors that can indirectly impact health outcomes and/or health system function. We provide detailed methods and guidance for conducting climate and health stress tests, centering on three primary activities: (1) preparing and scoping the stress test; (2) successfully conducting the stress test; and (3) communicating the results to key stakeholders to facilitate policy and programmatic reforms.
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