351
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Costantini M, Mendoza A. Modular Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-Cyclopropanes through Self-Sensitized Stereoselective Photodecarboxylation with Benzothiazolines. ACS Catal 2021; 11:13312-13319. [PMID: 34765283 PMCID: PMC8576787 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral cis-cyclopropanes are strained rigid analogues of alkyl chains, whose study and application are limited by their difficult synthesis. A modular approach from olefin materials is enabled by the discovery of the electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction between 2-substituted benzothiazolines and N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. These complexes are activated by visible light without photocatalysts, and the benzothiazoline reagent plays a triple role as a photoreductant, a stereoselective hydrogen-atom donor, and a Brønsted acid. Beyond the enantioselective synthesis of cis-cyclopropanes, these results introduce benzothiazolines as accessible and easily tunable self-sensitized photoreductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Costantini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius
Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius
Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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352
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Elkhalifa M, Elbaum MB, Chenoweth DM, Molander GA. Solid-Phase Photochemical Decarboxylative Hydroalkylation of Peptides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8219-8223. [PMID: 34648297 PMCID: PMC8919077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The compatibility of photochemistry with solid-phase peptide synthesis is demonstrated via photochemical hydroalkylation to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds between on-resin Giese acceptors and redox-active esters. Both iridium-based photocatalysts and Hantszch ester led to high yields, with final reaction conditions producing full conversions within 30 min under ambient conditions. The chemistry is compatible with a broad range of peptide side chains, redox-active esters, and resin. These conditions represent the first example of photochemical peptide modifications on resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elkhalifa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael B Elbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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353
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Yu D, To WP, Liu Y, Wu LL, You T, Ling J, Che CM. Direct photo-induced reductive Heck cyclization of indoles for the efficient preparation of polycyclic indolinyl compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14050-14058. [PMID: 34760188 PMCID: PMC8565399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-induced cleavage of C(sp2)-Cl bonds is an appealing synthetic tool in organic synthesis, but usually requires the use of high UV light, photocatalysts and/or photosensitizers. Herein is described a direct photo-induced chloroarene activation with UVA/blue LEDs that can be used in the reductive Heck cyclization of indoles and without the use of a photocatalyst or photosensitizer. The indole compounds examined display room-temperature phosphorescence. The photochemical reaction tolerates a panel of functional groups including esters, alcohols, amides, cyano and alkenes (27 examples, 50-88% yields), and can be used to prepare polycyclic compounds and perform the functionalization of natural product analogues in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic experiments, including time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, are supportive of photo-induced electron transfer between the indole substrate and DIPEA, with the formation of radical intermediates in the photo-induced dearomatization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Tingjie You
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Jesse Ling
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong China
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354
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Chalotra N, Shah IH, Raheem S, Rizvi MA, Shah BA. Visible-Light-Promoted Oxidative Annulation of Naphthols and Alkynes: Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthofurans. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16770-16784. [PMID: 34726928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated site-selective oxidative annulation of naphthols with alkynes for the synthesis of functionalized naphthofurans has been developed. The reaction relies on the in situ formation of an electron donor acceptor pair between phenylacetylene and thiophenol as the light-absorbing system to obviate the requirement of an added photocatalyst. The protocol facilitates the transformation of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol as well as 1,4-naphthoquinone into a wide variety of highly functionalized naphthofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chalotra
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Iftkhar Hussain Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shabnam Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | | | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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355
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Chen M, Meng H, Mo F, Guo J, Fu Y. An electron donor-acceptor organic photoactive composite with Schottky heterojunction induced photoelectrochemical immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113475. [PMID: 34246895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A signal enhancement photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay system induced by the composite (PTCs@Au) of electron donor-acceptor with Schottky heterojunction was designed. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was selected as a model target. Initially, the capture anibody (Ab1) was linked to gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode and sealed by bovine serum albumin. Meanwhile, the organic semiconductor (PTCs) with the structure of electron donor-acceptor was synthetized from perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (acceptor) and dopamine (donor) via amidation reaction. Then PTCs@Au composite with Schottky heterojunction was formed through gold nanoparticles in situ reduction and functionalization with PTCs. Next, the detection antibody was labeled by PTCs@Au composite (Ab2-PTCs@Au) as an immuno-probe. The PTCs@Au was introduced via sandwich immune reaction leading to enhancement PEC signal without additional electron donor nor acceptor for achieving quantitative detection of CEA under external light. The proposed immunoelectrode showed dynamic ranges of 0.5 fg mL-1 to 10 pg mL-1 and 10 pg mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1 with the detection limit of 0.17 fg mL-1. In addition, this PEC strategy with acceptable selectivity and stability can be potentially applied to detect other targets by choosing appropriate target recognition unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangjing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingzi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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356
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Visible light-promoted enantioselective aerobic oxidation of pyrazolones by phase transfer catalysis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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357
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Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Carbocation Generation by Organophotoredox Catalysis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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358
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Wang Y, Tu K, Cheng J, He E, Wang J, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Facile photochemical synthesis of main-chain-type semifluorinated alternating copolymers catalyzed by conventional amines or halide salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11354-11357. [PMID: 34643625 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a much simpler and low-cost method to prepare main-chain-type semifluorinated alternating copolymers by the formation of a halogen bond (XB) complex between α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes and amines/halide salts. It is interesting that the terminal iodine functional group of the polymer chains is easily lost in the amine-promoted system, while the loss can be significantly reduced by adding a small amount of water. Importantly, the system promoted by halide salts can ensure complete retention of the iodine functional group. Overall, the establishment of this method provides a new strategy for designing smart fluoropolymer materials in a green and environmentally friendly facile manner under irradiation with visible light at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kai Tu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jiannan Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Enjie He
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jinying Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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359
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Teng F, Du J, Xun C, Zhu M, Lu Z, Jiang H, Chen Y, Li Y, Gui QW. Photoinduced efficient synthesis of cyanoalkylsulfonylated oxindoles via sulfur dioxide insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8929-8933. [PMID: 34636391 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted radical cascade reaction of N-arylacrylamide and cyclobutanone oxime esters with sulfur dioxide insertion is established. Mainly through the exploration of the visible light wavelength, it is found that the light source has a certain influence on the formation of cyanoalkylsulfonylated oxindoles, furnishing a range of sulfones in good to excellent yields. This protocol presents good functional group compatibility and does not require transition metals, photosensitizers, external bases, or oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Teng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Juan Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Changping Xun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Mengxue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Ziqin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yuling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Qing-Wen Gui
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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360
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Green AI, Burslem GM. Photochemical synthesis of an epigenetic focused tetrahydroquinoline library. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1780-1786. [PMID: 34778779 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of epigenetic chemical probes is an important area of research with potential to deliver drugs for a multitude of diseases. However, commercially available libraries frequently used in drug discovery campaigns contain molecules that are focused on a narrow range of chemical space primarily driven by ease of synthesis and previously targeted enzyme classes (e.g., kinases) resulting in low hit rates for epigenetic targets. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a compound collection that augments current screening collections by the inclusion of privileged isosteres for epigenetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA 19104 USA
| | - George M Burslem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA 19104 USA .,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA 19104 USA
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361
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Liu XJ, Zhou SY, Xiao Y, Sun Q, Lu X, Li Y, Li JH. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] Annulation of Enynals and γ,σ-Unsaturated N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides by NaI/PPh 3 Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:7839-7844. [PMID: 34581593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical and eco-friendly strategy for the radical-mediated decarboxylative [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] annulation of enynals and γ,σ-unsaturated N-(acyloxy)phthalimides through the photoactivation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex has been developed. A wide range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters can be used as suitable substrates for the synthesis of fused ketones without any transition-metal catalysts or oxidants. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and clean reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sheng-Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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362
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Zheng L, Tao K, Zhuo X, Xie Z, Liu G, Deng L, Mei W, Zou X, Zhong Y, Wu Y, Guo W. Photocatalytic Three‐Component Tandem Annulation Access to Multiply Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3,5‐diamines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
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363
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Lin S, Chen Y, Yan H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Hao E, Shi C, Zhang D, Zhu N, Shi L. Activation of Chromium Catalysts by Photoexcited Hantzsch Ester for Decarboxylative Allylation of Aldehydes with Butadiene. Org Lett 2021; 23:8077-8081. [PMID: 34606288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metallaphotocatalysis often needs light-absorbing metal-polypyridyl complexes, semiconductors, or organic dyes, which can modify the oxidation state of metal catalysts. Here, we first report that photoexcitation of Hantzsch ester can directly activate chromium reagents through a single-electron transfer process. The synthetic application was demonstrated through a photoredox decarboxylative allylation of aldehydes with feedstock butadiene without exogenous photocatalysts, metallic reductants, or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Lin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huaipu Yan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Erjun Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Caizhe Shi
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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364
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Chang L, An Q, Duan L, Feng K, Zuo Z. Alkoxy Radicals See the Light: New Paradigms of Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2429-2486. [PMID: 34613698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals are highly reactive species that have long been recognized as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. However, their development has long been impeded due to a lack of convenient methods for their generation. Thanks to advances in photoredox catalysis, enabling facile access to alkoxy radicals from bench-stable precursors and free alcohols under mild conditions, research interest in this field has been renewed. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in alkoxy radical-mediated transformations under visible light irradiation. Elementary steps for alkoxy radical generation from either radical precursors or free alcohols are central to reaction development; thus, each section is categorized and discussed accordingly. Throughout this review, we have focused on the different mechanisms of alkoxy radical generation as well as their impact on synthetic utilizations. Notably, the catalytic generation of alkoxy radicals from abundant alcohols is still in the early stage, providing intriguing opportunities to exploit alkoxy radicals for diverse synthetic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
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365
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Whalley DM, Seayad J, Greaney MF. Truce–Smiles Rearrangements by Strain Release: Harnessing Primary Alkyl Radicals for Metal‐Free Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Whalley
- School of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences 8 Biomedical Grove Neuros, #07-01 138665 Singapore
| | - Jayasree Seayad
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences 8 Biomedical Grove Neuros, #07-01 138665 Singapore
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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366
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Lin B, Lu W, Chen ZY, Zhang Y, Duan YZ, Lu X, Yan M, Zhang XJ. Enhancing the Potential of Miniature-Scale DNA-Compatible Radical Reactions via an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex and a Reversible Adsorption to Solid Support Strategy. Org Lett 2021; 23:7381-7385. [PMID: 34546064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is a powerful tool in the discovery of bioactive probe molecules and drug leads. Mostly, the success in DEL technology stems from the molecular diversity of the chemical libraries. However, the construction of DELs has been restricted by the idiosyncratic needs and the required low concentration (∼1 mM or less) of the library intermediate. Here, we report visible-light-promoted on-DNA radical coupling reactions via an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex and a reversible adsorption to solid support (RASS) strategy. This protocol provides a unique solution to the challenges of increasing the reactivity of highly diluted DNA substrates and reducing the residues of heavy metals from photocatalysts. A series of on-DNA indole sulfone and selenide derivatives were obtained with good to quantitative conversions. It is anticipated that these mild-condition on-DNA radical reactions will significantly improve the chemical diversity of DELs and find widespread utility to DEL construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yin-Zhe Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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367
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Badir SO, Lipp A, Krumb M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Kammer LM, Wu VE, Huang M, Csakai A, Marcaurelle LA, Molander GA. Photoredox-mediated hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of functionalized olefins for DNA-encoded library synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12036-12045. [PMID: 34667569 PMCID: PMC8457374 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology features a time- and cost-effective interrogation format for the discovery of therapeutic candidates in the pharmaceutical industry. To develop DEL platforms, the implementation of water-compatible transformations that facilitate the incorporation of multifunctional building blocks (BBs) with high C(sp3) carbon counts is integral for success. In this report, a decarboxylative-based hydroalkylation of DNA-conjugated trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes enabled by single-electron transfer (SET) and subsequent hydrogen atom termination through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation is detailed. In a further photoredox-catalyzed hydroarylation protocol, the coupling of functionalized, electronically unbiased olefins is achieved under air and within minutes of blue light irradiation through the intermediacy of reactive (hetero)aryl radical species with full retention of the DNA tag integrity. Notably, these processes operate under mild reaction conditions, furnishing complex structural scaffolds with a high density of pendant functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Victoria E Wu
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Minxue Huang
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Adam Csakai
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Lisa A Marcaurelle
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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368
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Yuan W, Huang J, Xu X, Wang L, Tang XY. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex-Mediated Aerobic Sulfenylation of Indoles under Visible-Light Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:7139-7143. [PMID: 34449237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An efficient B(C6F5)3-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-S cross-coupling reaction of thiophenol with indoles was developed, affording a wide range of diaryl sulfides in good yields. An electron donor-acceptor complex between B(C6F5)3 and indoles was formed, facilitating the photoinduced single-electron transfer (SET) from indole substrates to the B(C6F5)3 catalyst. This protocol demonstrates a new reaction model using B(C6F5)3 as a single-electron oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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369
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Duhail T, Bortolato T, Mateos J, Anselmi E, Jelier B, Togni A, Magnier E, Dagousset G, Dell'Amico L. Radical α-Trifluoromethoxylation of Ketones under Batch and Flow Conditions by Means of Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:7088-7093. [PMID: 34469166 PMCID: PMC8453633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
first light-driven
method for the α-trifluoromethoxylation
of ketones is reported. Enol carbonates react with N-trifluoromethoxy-4-cyano-pyridinium, using the photoredox catalyst
4-CzIPN under 456 nm irradiation, affording the α-trifluoromethoxy
ketones in ≤50% isolated yield and complete chemoselectivity.
As shown by 29 examples, the reaction is general and proceeds very
rapidly under batch (1 h) and flow conditions (2 min). Diverse product
manipulations demonstrate the synthetic potential of the disclosed
method in accessing elusive trifluoromethoxylated bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Duhail
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Tommaso Bortolato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Javier Mateos
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Benson Jelier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Dagousset
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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370
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Wang L, Shi F, Qi C, Xu W, Xiong W, Kang B, Jiang H. Stereodivergent synthesis of β-iodoenol carbamates with CO 2 via photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11821-11830. [PMID: 34659721 PMCID: PMC8442729 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals is of great significance from the viewpoint of green chemistry and sustainable development. Here, we report a stereodivergent synthesis of β-iodoenol carbamates through a photocatalytic three-component coupling of ethynylbenziodoxolones, CO2 and amines. By choosing appropriate photocatalysts, both Z- and E-isomers of β-iodoenol carbamates, which are difficult to prepare using existing methods, can be obtained stereoselectively. This transformation featured mild conditions, excellent functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope. The potential synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals as well as by elaborating the products to access a wide range of valuable compounds. More importantly, this strategy could provide a general and practical method for stereodivergent construction of trisubstituted alkenes such as triarylalkenes, which represents a fascinating challenge in the field of organic chemistry research. A series of mechanism investigations revealed that the transformation might proceed through a charge-transfer complex which might be formed through a halogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Fuxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Bangxiong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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371
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, de Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro-mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp 3 )-O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20817-20825. [PMID: 34165861 PMCID: PMC8518744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel example of electro-mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC) in the reductive cleavage of C(sp3 )-O bonds of phosphinated alcohols to alkyl carbanions. As well as deoxygenations, olefinations are reported which are E-selective and can be made Z-selective in a tandem reduction/photosensitization process where both steps are photoelectrochemically promoted. Spectroscopy, computation, and catalyst structural variations reveal that our new naphthalene monoimide-type catalyst allows for an intimate dispersive precomplexation of its radical anion form with the phosphinate substrate, facilitating a reactivity-determining C(sp3 )-O cleavage. Surprisingly and in contrast to previously reported photoexcited radical anion chemistries, our conditions tolerate aryl chlorides/bromides and do not give rise to Birch-type reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
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372
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Sun R, Yang X, Ge Y, Song J, Zheng X, Yuan M, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Visible-Light-Induced Oxazoline Formations from N-Vinyl Amides Catalyzed by an Ion-Pair Charge-Transfer Complex. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yicen Ge
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, No.1 3rd Road, Erxian Bridge East, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, P. R. China
| | - Jintong Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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373
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Liu Q, Lu Y, Sheng H, Zhang CS, Su XD, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Induced Selective Photolysis of Phosphonium Iodide Salts for Monofluoromethylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25477-25484. [PMID: 34490742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sigma (σ)-hole effect has emerged as a promising tool to construct novel architectures endowed with new properties. A simple yet effective strategy for the generation of monofluoromethyl radicals is a continuing challenge within the synthetic community. Fluoromethylphosphonium salts are easily available, air- and thermally stable, as well as simple-to-handle. Herein, we report the ability of the σ-hole effect to facilitate the visible-light-triggered photolysis of phosphonium iodide salts, a charge-transfer complex, selectively giving fluoromethyl radicals. The usefulness and versatility of this new protocol are demonstrated through the mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylation of a variety of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao-Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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374
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Chen YX, Wang ZJ, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible-Light-Driven Sulfonation of α-Trifluoromethylstyrenes: Access to Densely Functionalized CF 3-Substituted Tertiary Alcohol. Org Lett 2021; 23:6558-6562. [PMID: 34342456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a visible-light-induced sulfonation of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes with sodium sulfinates, which provides a series of α-trifluoromethyl-β-sulfonyl tertiary alcohols. This new synthetic protocol is enabled by a charge-transfer complex between oxygen and sulfinates, featuring broad substrate scope and scalability. Excellent functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity render this method suitable for sulfonation of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. In the presence of D2O, deuteriotrifluorinated products were also obtained, further demonstrating the flexibility and synthetic potentials of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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375
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro‐mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp
3
)–O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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376
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Cai YP, Nie FY, Song QH. Visible-Light-Mediated Alkylation of Thiophenols via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes Formed between Two Reactants. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12419-12426. [PMID: 34379421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, photocatalyst-free, photochemical system was developed for the direct alkylation of thiophenols via electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes (KEDA = 145 M-1) between two reactants, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as acceptors and thiophenol anions as donors, in the presence of a tertiary amine. The EDA complexes in the reaction system have a broad range of visible-light absorption (400-650 nm) and can trigger the reaction effectively under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Yuan Nie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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377
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Whalley DM, Seayad J, Greaney MF. Truce-Smiles Rearrangements by Strain Release: Harnessing Primary Alkyl Radicals for Metal-Free Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22219-22223. [PMID: 34370898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening of 3-aminocyclobutanone oximes enables easy generation of primary alkyl radicals, capable of undergoing an unprecedented strain-release, desulfonylative radical Truce-Smiles rearrangement, providing divergent access to valuable 1,3 diamines and unnatural β-amino acids. Characterized by mild conditions and wide scope of migrating species, this protocol allows the modular assembly of sp3 -aryls under transition metal-free, room-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Whalley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01, 138665, Singapore
| | - Jayasree Seayad
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01, 138665, Singapore
| | - Michael F Greaney
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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378
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Bartolomei B, Gentile G, Rosso C, Filippini G, Prato M. Turning the Light on Phenols: New Opportunities in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2021; 27:16062-16070. [PMID: 34339553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phenols ( I ) are extremely relevant chemical functionalities in natural, synthetic and industrial chemistry. Their corresponding electron-rich anions, namely phenolates ( I ), are characterized by interesting physicochemical properties that can be drastically altered upon light excitation. Specifically, phenolates ( I ) become strong reducing agents in the excited state and are able to generate reactive radicals from suitable precursors via single-electron transfer processes. Thus, these species can photochemically trigger strategic bond-forming reactions, including their direct aromatic C-H functionalization. Moreover, substituted phenolate anions can act as photocatalysts to enable synthetically useful organic transformations. An alternative mechanistic manifold is represented by the ability of phenolate derivatives I to form ground state electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes with electron-poor radical sources. These complementary scenarios have paved the way for the development of a wide range of relevant organic reactions. In this Minireview, we present the main examples of this research field, and give insight on emerging trends in phenols photocatalysis towards richer organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bartolomei
- University of Trieste Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Cristian Rosso
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY
| | | | - Maurizio Prato
- Università di Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, ITALY
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379
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de Pedro Beato E, Spinnato D, Zhou W, Melchiorre P. A General Organocatalytic System for Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation and Its Use in Radical Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12304-12314. [PMID: 34320312 PMCID: PMC8361436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a modular class of organic catalysts that, acting as donors, can readily form photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes with a variety of radical precursors. Excitation with visible light generates open-shell intermediates under mild conditions, including nonstabilized carbon radicals and nitrogen-centered radicals. The modular nature of the commercially available xanthogenate and dithiocarbamate anion organocatalysts offers a versatile EDA complex catalytic platform for developing mechanistically distinct radical reactions, encompassing redox-neutral and net-reductive processes. Mechanistic investigations, by means of quantum yield determination, established that a closed catalytic cycle is operational for all of the developed radical processes, highlighting the ability of the organic catalysts to turn over and iteratively drive every catalytic cycle. We also demonstrate how the catalysts' stability and the method's high functional group tolerance could be advantageous for the direct radical functionalization of abundant functional groups, including aliphatic carboxylic acids and amines, and for applications in the late-stage elaboration of biorelevant compounds and enantioselective radical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Pedro Beato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Davide Spinnato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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380
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Yang N, Tian Y, Zhang M, Peng X, Li F, Li J, Li Y, Fan B, Wang F, Song H. Photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems for light-driven biotransformation. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107808. [PMID: 34324993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyse target reactions under mild conditions with high efficiency, as well as excellent regional-, stereo-, and enantiomeric selectivity. Photocatalysis utilises sustainable and environment-friendly light power to realise efficient chemical conversion. By combining the interdisciplinary advantages of photo- and enzymatic catalysis, the photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems have proceeded various light-driven biotransformation with high efficiency under environmentally benign conditions, thus, attracting unparalleled focus during the last decades. It has also been regarded as a promising pathway towards green chemistry utilising ubiquitous solar energy. This systematic review gives insight into this research field by classifying the existing photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems into three sections based on different hybridizing modes between photo- and enzymatic catalysis. Furthermore, existing challenges and proposed strategies are discussed within this context. The first system summarised is the cofactor-mediated hybrid system, in which natural/artificial cofactors act as reducing equivalents that connect photocatalysts with enzymes for light-driven enzymatic biotransformation. Second, the direct contact-based photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems are described, including two different kinds of electron exchange sites on the enzyme molecules. Third, some cases where photocatalysts and enzymes are integrated into a reaction cascade with specific intermediates will be discussed in the following chapter. Finally, we provide perspective concerning the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yao Tian
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Mai Zhang
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiting Peng
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jianxun Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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381
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Chen C, Wang ZJ, Lu H, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Generation of non-stabilized alkyl radicals from thianthrenium salts for C-B and C-C bond formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4526. [PMID: 34312381 PMCID: PMC8313578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonium salts bearing a positively charged sulfur atom with three organic substituents have intrigued chemists for more than a century for their unusual structures and high chemical reactivity. These compounds are known to undergo facile single-electron reduction to emerge as a valuable and alternative source of aryl radicals for organic synthesis. However, the generation of non-stabilized alkyl radicals from sulfonium salts has been a challenge for several decades. Here we report the treatment of S-(alkyl) thianthrenium salts to generate non-stabilized alkyl radicals as key intermediates granting the controlled and selective outcome of the ensuing reactions under mild photoredox conditions. The value of these reagents has been demonstrated through the efficient construction of alkylboronates and other transformations, including heteroarylation, alkylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation. The developed method is practical, and provides the opportunity to convert C-OH bond to C-B and C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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382
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Bell JD, Murphy JA. Recent advances in visible light-activated radical coupling reactions triggered by (i) ruthenium, (ii) iridium and (iii) organic photoredox agents. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9540-9685. [PMID: 34309610 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox chemistry with organic or transition metal agents has been reviewed in earlier years, but such is the pace of progress that we will overlap very little with earlier comprehensive reviews. This review first presents an overview of the area of research and then examines recent examples of C-C, C-N, C-O and C-S bond formations via radical intermediates with transition metal and organic radical promoters. Recent successes with Birch reductions are also included. The transition metal chemistry will be restricted to photocatalysts based on the most widely used metals, Ru and Ir, but includes coupling chemistries that take advantage of low-valent nickel, or occasionally copper, complexes to process the radicals that are formed. Our focus is on developments in the past 10 years (2011-2021). This period has also seen great advances in the chemistry of organic photoredox reagents and the review covers this area. The review is intended to present highlights and is not comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bell
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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383
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Lipp A, Badir SO, Dykstra R, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Catalyst-Free Decarbonylative Trifluoromethylthiolation Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:3507-3520. [PMID: 35273472 PMCID: PMC8903066 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst- and additive-free decarbonylative trifluoromethylthiolation of aldehyde feedstocks has been developed. This operationally simple, scalable, and open-to-air transformation is driven by the selective photoexcitation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes, stemming from the association of 1,4-dihydropyridines (donor) with N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide (acceptor), to trigger intermolecular single-electron transfer events under ambient- and visible light-promoted conditions. Extension to other electron acceptors enables the synthesis of thiocyanates and thioesters, as well as the difunctionalization of [1.1.1] propellane. The mechanistic intricacies of this photochemical paradigm are elucidated through a combination of experimental efforts and high-level quantum mechanical calculations [dispersion-corrected (U)DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T), and TD-DFT]. This comprehensive study highlights the necessity for EDA complexation for efficient alkyl radical generation. Computation of subsequent ground state pathways reveals that SH2 addition of the alkyl radical to the intermediate radical EDA complex is extremely exergonic and results in a charge transfer event from the dihydropyridine donor to the N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide acceptor of the EDA complex. Experimental and computational results further suggest that product formation also occurs via SH2 reaction of alkyl radicals with 1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)disulfane, generated in-situ through combination of thiyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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384
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Liu MS, Min L, Chen BH, Shu W. Dual Catalysis Relay: Coupling of Aldehydes and Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light and NHC-Catalyzed Cross-Double C–H Functionalizations. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Hong Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
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385
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Lu Y, Fang CZ, Liu Q, Li BL, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Donor-Acceptor Complex Enables Cascade Radical Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides with Katritzky Salts. Org Lett 2021; 23:5425-5429. [PMID: 34190559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cascade radical cyclization of N-arylacrylamides is an attractive method to prepare 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. As the reported methods often require additives and/or photocatalysts, we herein report an additive- and photocatalyst-free deaminative strategy for their synthesis under mild conditions, enabled by photoactivation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. DFT studies indicated that the involvement of an explicit xylene solvent molecule can greatly enhance the photoactivity of the EDA complex between N-arylacrylamides and Katritzky salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang-Zhen Fang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Lin Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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386
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Liu L, Deng Z, Xu K, Jiang P, Du H, Tan J. Access to Deuterated Unnatural α-Amino Acids and Peptides by Photochemical Acyl Radical Addition. Org Lett 2021; 23:5299-5304. [PMID: 34170137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-enabled, photocatalyst-free conjugate addition reaction of dehydroamino acids is disclosed. Employing 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as both a radical reservoir and reductant, various β-acyl α-amino acids and their deuterated analogues were obtained in good results. Both late-stage peptide modification and stereoselective synthesis of chiral oxazolidinones are successfully achieved. The protocol is characterized by mild conditions and efficient derivatization, thus unlocking a novel blueprint to access unnatural amino acid derivatives, important building blocks with potential application in the peptidomimetic toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Deng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxing Jiang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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387
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Mastandrea MM, Pericàs MA. Photoredox Dual Catalysis: A Fertile Playground for the Discovery of New Reactivities. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Mastandrea
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Instutite of Science and Technology (BIST) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Instutite of Science and Technology (BIST) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona c/Martí i Franqués 1–11 08028 Barcelona Spain
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388
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Donzel M, Karabiyikli D, Cotos L, Elhabiri M, Davioud‐Charvet E. Direct C−H Radical Alkylation of 1,4‐Quinones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Donzel
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Deniz Karabiyikli
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Leandro Cotos
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Elisabeth Davioud‐Charvet
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
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389
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Latrache M, Hoffmann N. Photochemical radical cyclization reactions with imines, hydrazones, oximes and related compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7418-7435. [PMID: 34047736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions are a key method to generate radical intermediates. Often under these conditions no toxic reagents are necessary. During recent years, photo-redox catalytic reactions considerably push this research domain. These reaction conditions are particularly mild and safe which enables the transformation of poly-functional substrates into complex products. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is particularly important since they play an important role in the research of biologically active products. In this review, photochemical radical cyclization reactions of imines and related compounds such as oximes, hydrazones and chloroimines are presented. Reaction mechanisms are discussed and the structural diversity and complexity of the products are presented. Radical intermediates are mainly generated in two ways: (1) electronic excitation is achieved by light absorption of the substrates. (2) The application of photoredox catalysis is now systematically studied for these reactions. Recently, also excitation of charge transfer complexes has been studied in this context from many perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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390
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Großkopf J, Kratz T, Rigotti T, Bach T. Enantioselective Photochemical Reactions Enabled by Triplet Energy Transfer. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1626-1653. [PMID: 34227803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For molecules with a singlet ground state, the population of triplet states is mainly possible (a) by direct excitation and subsequent intersystem crossing or (b) by energy transfer from an appropriate sensitizer. The latter scenario enables a catalytic photochemical reaction in which the sensitizer adopts the role of a catalyst undergoing several cycles of photon absorption and subsequent energy transfer to the substrate. If the product molecule of a triplet-sensitized process is chiral, this process can proceed enantioselectively upon judicious choice of a chiral triplet sensitizer. An enantioselective reaction can also occur in a dual catalytic approach in which, apart from an achiral sensitizer, a second chiral catalyst activates the substrate toward sensitization. Although the idea of enantioselective photochemical reactions via triplet intermediates has been pursued for more than 50 years, notable selectivities exceeding 90% enantiomeric excess (ee) have only been realized in the past decade. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive survey on the various photochemical reactions which were rendered enantioselective by triplet sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Großkopf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thilo Kratz
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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391
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Di Filippo M, Trujillo C, Sánchez-Sanz G, Batsanov AS, Baumann M. Discovery of a photochemical cascade process by flow-based interception of isomerising alkenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9895-9901. [PMID: 34349962 PMCID: PMC8317621 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of a new photochemical cascade process through a flow-based strategy for intercepting diradicals generated from simple alkenes. This continuous process delivers a series of unprecedented polycyclic reaction products. Exploring the scope of this novel process revealed that this approach is general and affords a variety of structurally complex reaction products in high yields (up to 81%), short reaction times (7 min) and high throughputs (up to 5.5 mmol h-1). A mechanistic rationale is presented that is supported by computations as well as isolation of key intermediates whose identity is confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The presented photochemical cascade process demonstrates the discovery of new chemical reactivity and complex chemical scaffolds by continuously generating and intercepting high-energy intermediates in a highly practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Di Filippo
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South D04 N2E2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South D04 N2E2 Dublin Ireland .,Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) Grand Canal Quay Dublin 2 D02 HP83 Ireland
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University DH1 3LE South Road Durham UK
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South D04 N2E2 Dublin Ireland
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392
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Visible-light induced photochemistry of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes in Perfluoroalkylation Reactions: Investigation of halogen bonding interactions through UV–Visible absorption and Raman spectroscopies combined with DFT calculations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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393
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Fu H, Lam H, Emmanuel MA, Kim JH, Sandoval BA, Hyster TK. Ground-State Electron Transfer as an Initiation Mechanism for Biocatalytic C-C Bond Forming Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9622-9629. [PMID: 34114803 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of non-natural reaction mechanisms is an attractive strategy for expanding the synthetic capabilities of substrate promiscuous enzymes. Here, we report an "ene"-reductase catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkylation of olefins using α-bromoketones as radical precursors. Radical initiation occurs via ground-state electron transfer from the flavin cofactor located within the enzyme active site, an underrepresented mechanism in flavin biocatalysis. Four rounds of site saturation mutagenesis were used to access a variant of the "ene"-reductase nicotinamide-dependent cyclohexanone reductase (NCR) from Zymomonas mobiles capable of catalyzing a cyclization to furnish β-chiral cyclopentanones with high levels of enantioselectivity. Additionally, wild-type NCR can catalyze intermolecular couplings with precise stereochemical control over the radical termination step. This report highlights the utility for ground-state electron transfers to enable non-natural biocatalytic C-C bond forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Heather Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Braddock A Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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394
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Chen Z, Zheng S, Wang Z, Liao Z, Yuan W. Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex Enabled Photocyanation of Tertiary Amines with a Stable and User‐Friendly Cyanobenziodoxolone Reagent. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
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395
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Uchikura T, Hara Y, Tsubono K, Akiyama T. Visible-Light-Driven C-S Bond Formation Based on Electron Donor-Acceptor Excitation and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Combined System. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 1:23-28. [PMID: 36855634 PMCID: PMC9954416 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Developed herein is a visible-light-driven synthesis of sulfides by an electron donor-acceptor/single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer combined system without transition metals and strong oxidants. This reaction proceeds through the excitation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between a thiolate and an aryl halide, followed by the hydrogen atom transfer from an alkane to the generated aryl radical.
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396
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Delgado JAC, Correia JTM, Pissinati EF, Paixão MW. Biocompatible Photoinduced Alkylation of Dehydroalanine for the Synthesis of Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:5251-5255. [PMID: 34152782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A site-selective alkylation of dehydroalanine to access protected unnatural amino acids is described. The protocol is characterized by the wide nature of alkyl radicals employed, mild conditions, and functional group compatibility. This protocol is further extended to access peptides, late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals, and enantioenriched amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A C Delgado
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - José T M Correia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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397
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Varga B, Tóth BL, Béke F, Csenki JT, Kotschy A, Novák Z. Synthesis and Photochemical Application of Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) Based Fluoroalkyl Building Block. Org Lett 2021; 23:4925-4929. [PMID: 34097412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluoroalkyl iodide was synthesized on multigram scale from refrigerant gas HFO-1234yf as cheap industrial starting material in a simple, solvent-free, and easily scalable process. We demonstrated its applicability in a metal-free photocatalytic ATRA reaction to synthesize valuable fluoroalkylated vinyl iodides and proved the straightforward transformability of the products in cross-coupling chemistry to obtain conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Varga
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs L Tóth
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Béke
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János T Csenki
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7.H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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398
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Polites VC, Badir SO, Keess S, Jolit A, Molander GA. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl Radicals Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. Org Lett 2021; 23:4828-4833. [PMID: 34100624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) as para-disubstituted aryl bioisosteres has gained considerable momentum in drug development programs. Carbon-carbon bond formation via transition-metal-mediated cross-coupling represents an attractive strategy to generate BCP-aryl compounds for late-stage functionalization, but these typically require reactive organometallics to prepare BCP nucleophiles on demand from [1.1.1]propellane. In this study, the synthesis and Ni-catalyzed functionalization of BCP redox-active esters with (hetero)aryl bromides via the action of a photoactive electron donor-acceptor complex are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor C Polites
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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399
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Ward RM, Schomaker JM. Allene Trifunctionalization via Amidyl Radical Cyclization and TEMPO Trapping. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8891-8899. [PMID: 34125539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical-mediated trifunctionalizations of allenes are virtually unknown, in contrast to well-studied radical difunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes. In this article, we describe a light-promoted reaction that transforms all three allene carbons to new carbon-heteroatom bonds in one pot with no expensive transition-metal catalyst. Formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between an electron-deficient aryl and K2CO3, followed by photochemical generation of an amidyl radical and cyclization, yields a vinyl radical that can be trapped by TEMPO to ultimately furnish the product. Insights into the impact of the allene substitution pattern, radical source, and donor are presented, along with studies to unravel the mechanism of this unusual transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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400
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Guo W, Xie Z, Cai L, Liu G, Deng L, Mei W, Zou X, Zhong Y, Zhuo X, Zheng L, Fan X. Synthesis of Purine Analogues: Photocatalyst-Free Visible-Light-Enhanced Annulation Approach to Pyrazolo[1,5- a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8365-8380. [PMID: 34097406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new photocatalyst-free visible-light-enhanced strategy for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines via the formation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes is reported. The in situ generated pyrazolthiourea intermediates from 1H-pyrazol-3-amines and isothiocyanates undergo formal [4 + 2] annulation with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidines (TMG) to deliver the corresponding products involved in three C-N bond formations in a one-pot protocol. The formation of EDA complex from pyrazolthiourea and TMG is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR experiments. Moreover, this mild reaction proceeds in the absence of any external transition metals, oxidants, bases, and ligands. This efficient methodology for the synthesis of purine analogues pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines provides potential synthetic applications in the field of drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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