351
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Akyürek EG, Schubö A. The allocation of attention in displays with simultaneously presented singletons. Biol Psychol 2011; 87:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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352
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Saville CW, Dean RO, Daley D, Intriligator J, Boehm S, Feige B, Klein C. Electrocortical correlates of intra-subject variability in reaction times: Average and single-trial analyses. Biol Psychol 2011; 87:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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353
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Fogelson N, Ribolsi M, Fernandez-Del-Olmo M, Rubino IA, Romeo D, Koch G, Peled A. Neural correlates of local contextual processing deficits in schizophrenic patients. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:1217-26. [PMID: 21446992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in processing contextual information are one of the main features of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, but the neurophysiologic substrate underlying this dysfunction is poorly understood. We used ERPs to investigate local contextual processing in schizophrenic patients. Local context was defined as the occurrence of a short predictive series of stimuli occurring before delivery of a target event. Response times of predicted targets were faster in controls compared to patients. Schizophrenia patients failed to generate the P3b latency shift between predicted and random targets that was observed in controls and demonstrated a prominent reduction of the peak of an early latency context dependent positivity. The current study provides evidence of contextual processing deficits in schizophrenia patients by demonstrating alteration in the behavioral and neural correlates of local contextual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fogelson
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain.
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354
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Helenius P, Laasonen M, Hokkanen L, Paetau R, Niemivirta M. Impaired engagement of the ventral attentional pathway in ADHD. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1889-96. [PMID: 21419791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the cognitive theories of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) impaired behavioral adjustment has been linked to a deficit in learning to detect regularities or irregularities in the environment. In the neural level, the P3 component of event-related potential (ERP) is modulated by stimulus probability and has been suggested to index activation of the ventral attention network, which constitutes the reorienting system of the human brain. To explore the cortical basis of late positive ERP components and the engagement of the ventral attentional pathway in ADHD, we used ERP recordings complemented by spatiotemporally sensitive magnetoencephalography (MEG) measurements. We followed the activation evoked by frequent Go and infrequent NoGo stimuli in 10 ADHD adults and 13 control subjects. In the ERP recordings, a prominent positive deflection was detected after the infrequent visual stimuli (late positive component, LPC) in both subject groups. In ADHD adults the difference between the responses evoked by infrequent NoGo and frequent Go stimuli was markedly reduced compared to the control group during the LPC. The MEG recordings revealed that the activation detected during the LPC was localized bilaterally in the posterior temporal cortex. Activation of the left and right temporal regions was enhanced after infrequent NoGo stimuli in both subject groups. In ADHD adults, however, the effect of stimulus frequency was less pronounced. We suggest that the activation in the superior temporal cortices during the LPC reflects the action of ventral attention network. The engagement of this stimulus-driven reorienting system is defective in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Helenius
- Brain Research Unit, MEG Core, Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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355
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McGinnis EM, Keil A. Selective processing of multiple features in the human brain: effects of feature type and salience. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16824. [PMID: 21347379 PMCID: PMC3036720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying targets in a stream of items at a given constant spatial location relies on selection of aspects such as color, shape, or texture. Such attended (target) features of a stimulus elicit a negative-going event-related brain potential (ERP), termed Selection Negativity (SN), which has been used as an index of selective feature processing. In two experiments, participants viewed a series of Gabor patches in which targets were defined as a specific combination of color, orientation, and shape. Distracters were composed of different combinations of color, orientation, and shape of the target stimulus. This design allows comparisons of items with and without specific target features. Consistent with previous ERP research, SN deflections extended between 160–300 ms. Data from the subsequent P3 component (300–450 ms post-stimulus) were also examined, and were regarded as an index of target processing. In Experiment A, predominant effects of target color on SN and P3 amplitudes were found, along with smaller ERP differences in response to variations of orientation and shape. Manipulating color to be less salient while enhancing the saliency of the orientation of the Gabor patch (Experiment B) led to delayed color selection and enhanced orientation selection. Topographical analyses suggested that the location of SN on the scalp reliably varies with the nature of the to-be-attended feature. No interference of non-target features on the SN was observed. These results suggest that target feature selection operates by means of electrocortical facilitation of feature-specific sensory processes, and that selective electrocortical facilitation is more effective when stimulus saliency is heightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Menton McGinnis
- National Institute of Mental Health Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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356
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The role of working memory in the attentional control of pain. Pain 2011; 152:453-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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357
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The Simon effect in cognitive electrophysiology: A short review. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2011; 136:203-11. [PMID: 20828671 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Simon task, stimuli are presented laterally and typically a non-spatial stimulus dimension demands a lateralized choice response. Responses are faster when the task-irrelevant stimulus location and the response location correspond than when they do not correspond. The present paper explores the impact of the Simon task on cognitive electrophysiological research as well as the insights gained from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in the attempt to uncover the hidden mechanisms underlying the Simon effect.
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358
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Verleger R, Śmigasiewicz K, Möller F. Mechanisms underlying the left visual-field advantage in the dual stream RSVP task: Evidence from N2pc, P3, and distractor-evoked VEPs. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:1096-106. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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359
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Gómez CM, Flores A. A neurophysiological evaluation of a cognitive cycle in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:452-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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360
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Frühholz S, Godde B, Finke M, Herrmann M. Spatio-temporal brain dynamics in a combined stimulus–stimulus and stimulus–response conflict task. Neuroimage 2011; 54:622-34. [PMID: 20691791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Frühholz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany.
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361
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Hughes G, Yeung N. Dissociable correlates of response conflict and error awareness in error-related brain activity. Neuropsychologia 2010; 49:405-15. [PMID: 21130788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Errors in speeded decision tasks are associated with characteristic patterns of brain activity. In the scalp-recorded EEG, error processing is reflected in two components, the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). These components have been widely studied, but debate remains regarding the precise aspects of error processing they reflect. The present study investigated the relation between the ERN and the Pe using a novel version of the flanker task to allow a comparison between errors reflecting different causes-response conflict versus stimulus masking. The conflict and mask conditions were matched for overall behavioural performance but differed in underlying response dynamics, as indexed by response time distributions and measures of lateralised motor activity. ERN amplitude varied in relation to these differing response dynamics, being significantly larger in the conflict condition compared to the mask condition. Furthermore, differences in response dynamics between participants were predictive of modulations in ERN amplitude. In contrast, Pe activity varied little between conditions, but varied across trials in relation to participants' awareness of their errors. Taken together, these findings suggest a dissociation between the ERN and the Pe, with the former reflecting the dynamics of response selection and conflict, and the latter reflecting conscious recognition of an error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethin Hughes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
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362
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Kuefner D, Jacques C, Prieto EA, Rossion B. Electrophysiological correlates of the composite face illusion: Disentangling perceptual and decisional components of holistic face processing in the human brain. Brain Cogn 2010; 74:225-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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363
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Daniel S, Bentin S. Age-related changes in processing faces from detection to identification: ERP evidence. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:206.e1-28. [PMID: 20961658 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the ability of people 70 to 90 years old to apply global, configural, and featural face-processing strategies. In addition we investigated age-related changes in the ability to categorize faces at basic, subordinate, and individual levels. Using the N170 potential as index of early face processing and the P300 component as index of categorical decision making and effort, we found significant age-related perceptual changes which slowed and somewhat impaired face processing. Specifically, older participants had problems integrating face features into global structures, demonstrating enhanced dependence on distal global information. They did not apply configural computations by default while processing faces which suggests that, unless identification is required, they process faces only at a basic level. These perceptual changes could be the cause for slower and less accurate subordinate categorization, particularly when it is based on details. At the neural levels face processing was not right-lateralized, reflecting excessive involvement of the left hemisphere in perception leading to a more general reduction of interhemispheric asymmetry. In addition we found excessive but nonselective activation of frontal regions adding support to the view that executive control and particularly inhibition of irrelevant input are reduced in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Daniel
- Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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364
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Yamanaka K, Yamamoto Y. Lateralised EEG power and phase dynamics related to motor response execution. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121:1711-8. [PMID: 20434947 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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365
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ERP correlates of response inhibition after-effects in the stop signal task. Exp Brain Res 2010; 206:351-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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366
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Hisagi M, Shafer VL, Strange W, Sussman ES. Perception of a Japanese vowel length contrast by Japanese and American English listeners: behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Brain Res 2010; 1360:89-105. [PMID: 20816759 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of automatic selective perceptual processes in native and non-native listeners' perception of a Japanese vowel length contrast (tado vs. taado), using multiple, natural-speech tokens of each category as stimuli in a "categorial oddball" design. Mismatch negativity (MMN) was used to index discrimination of the temporally-cued vowel contrast by naïve adult American listeners and by a native Japanese-speaking control group in two experiments in which attention to the auditory input was manipulated: in Exp 1 (Visual-Attend), listeners silently counted deviants in a simultaneously-presented visual categorial oddball shape discrimination task; in Exp 2 (Auditory-Attend), listeners attended to the auditory input and implicitly counted target deviants. MMN results showed effects of language experience and attentional focus: MMN amplitudes were smaller for American compared to Japanese listeners in the Visual-Attend Condition and for the American listeners in the Visual compared to Auditory-Attend Condition. Subtle differences in topography were also seen, specifically in that the Japanese group showed more robust responses than the American listeners at left hemisphere scalp sites that probably index activity from the superior temporal gyrus. Follow-up behavioral discrimination tests showed that Americans discriminated the contrast well above chance, but more poorly than did Japanese listeners. This pattern of electrophysiological and behavioral results supports the conclusion that early experience with phonetic contrasts of a language results in changes in neural representations in the auditory cortex that allow for more robust automatic, phonetic processing of native-language speech input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Hisagi
- The City University of New York-Graduate School, New York, NY 10016-4309, USA.
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367
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Local Contextual Processing Effects with Increasing Stimulus Presentation Rate. Brain Topogr 2010; 23:385-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-010-0160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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368
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Electrophysiological correlates of detecting a visual target and detecting its absence: the role of feature dimensions. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:3365-70. [PMID: 20633570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological measurements were taken from observers performing a visual search within a single feature dimension, and between multiple dimensions. The N2pc to selected singleton target stimuli (rightward tilted lines) was increased when targets varied between feature dimensions, compared to the N2pc to the same rightward tilted line targets, in a condition in which targets varied only between feature values within the same dimension. The anterior and posterior N2 were not reliably modulated, but P3(b) amplitude was higher for singleton present trials that varied between dimensions than for those that varied within. The ERP elicited by singleton absent trials showed reduced P3 amplitude in the between-dimension condition. The electrophysiological modulations were accompanied by increased reaction times in the between-dimension condition, on both singleton present and absent trials. The results suggested that visual target detection is affected by early dimension-specific weighting of the current attentional task set. Furthermore, exhaustively searching multiple feature dimensions to determine the absence of a target incurs dimensional switching costs, possibly at a later stage.
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369
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Dalrymple KA, Kingstone A, Handy TC. Event-related potential evidence for a dual-locus model of global/local processing. Cogn Neuropsychol 2010; 26:456-70. [PMID: 20183012 DOI: 10.1080/02643290903444582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the perceptual time course of global/local processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants discriminated the global or local level of hierarchical letters of different sizes and densities. Participants were faster to discriminate the local level of large/sparse letters and the global level of small/dense letters. This was mirrored in early ERP components: The N1/N2 had smaller peak amplitudes when participants made discriminations at the level that took precedence. Only global discriminations for large/sparse letters led to amplitude enhancement of the later P3 component, suggesting that additional attention-demanding processes are involved in discriminating the global level of these stimuli. Our findings suggest a dual-locus time course for global/local processing: (a) Level precedence occurs early in visual processing; (b) extra processing is required at a later stage, but only for global discriminations of large, sparse, stimuli, which may require additional attentional resources for active grouping.
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370
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A generalized method to estimate waveforms common across trials from EEGs. Neuroimage 2010; 51:629-41. [PMID: 20149878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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371
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Müller O, Duñabeitia JA, Carreiras M. Orthographic and associative neighborhood density effects: What is shared, what is different? Psychophysiology 2010; 47:455-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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372
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Fujiyama H, Garry MI, Martin FH, Summers JJ. An ERP study of age-related differences in the central cost of interlimb coordination. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:501-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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373
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Di Russo F, Spinelli D. Sport is not always healthy: Executive brain dysfunction in professional boxers. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:425-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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374
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Verleger R. Popper and P300: can the view ever be falsified that P3 latency is a specific indicator of stimulus evaluation? Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121:1371-2. [PMID: 20363185 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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375
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Horváth J, Roeber U, Schröger E. The effects of response sharing and stimulus presentation frequency on event-related potentials in an auditory oddball paradigm. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:931-41. [PMID: 20230495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An experimental model for investigating the processes involved in reacting to unpredictable events is the oddball paradigm. We investigated how the commonality or independence of response options (i.e., many-to-one vs. one-to-one stimulus-response mappings) influences processing in an auditory oddball paradigm. Participants performed a discrimination task with two one-to-one and one two-to-one mappings. The pattern of conflict- and oddball-related N2 event-related potentials suggest that information that would allow correct responding is represented at the latency of the N2. Integration of this information takes place only by the latency of P3b, and longer reaction times to rare stimuli are probably due to processes preventing the utilization of this information. We also suggest that, in the given task context, conflict-related N2 may reflect the number of alternative stimuli leading to alternative response options.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Horváth
- Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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376
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Mueller E, Stemmler G, Wacker J. Single-trial electroencephalogram predicts cardiac acceleration: a time-lagged P-correlation approach for studying neurovisceral connectivity. Neuroscience 2010; 166:491-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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377
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Flores AB, Gómez CM, Meneres S. Evaluation of spatial validity-invalidity by the P300 component in children and young adults. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:525-33. [PMID: 20080154 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cerebral maturity on the neurocognitive evaluation of target stimuli that have been cued by a spatial directional central cue, which, validly or invalidly, indicates the spatial position of the upcoming target has been investigated. ERPs and behavioural responses were recorded in 18 children and 20 young adults. P3a and P3b amplitudes were analyzed in the valid and invalid trials to assess possible differences between children and young adults. Young adults showed more activation in anterior (P3a) and posterior (P3b) areas in the invalid than the valid condition, whereas children only showed greater activation in P3b. This may be due to the later maturation of the frontal cortex than the more posterior sites. Children also showed a greater P3 component amplitude and a topography shifting to occipital sites, irrespective of the experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica B Flores
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41018, Spain.
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378
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Beste C, Willemssen R, Saft C, Falkenstein M. Response inhibition subprocesses and dopaminergic pathways: Basal ganglia disease effects. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:366-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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379
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Waters F, Price G, Dragović M, Jablensky A. Electrophysiological brain activity and antisaccade performance in schizophrenia patients with first-rank (passivity) symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2009; 170:140-9. [PMID: 19906434 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined electrophysiological functioning in schizophrenia patients with first-rank (passivity) symptoms (FRS). In this study, we conducted a broad assessment of FRS patients' performance using data collected as part of the Western Australia Family Study of Schizophrenia, with a focus on event-related potential (ERP) measures [P50 suppression, mismatch negativity (MMN), the auditory oddball target (P300)], and the antisaccade task. A total of 39 patients (23 patients with, and 16 patients without FRS) and 80 controls were included. The results showed that patients with FRS had significantly reduced amplitude and longer latencies on the P300, as compared to controls. In addition, patients with FRS demonstrated more abnormalities on antisaccade error measures (error rate, self-correction latencies) relative to controls. On these measures, the performance of patients without FRS was not significantly different from controls. P300 and antisaccade error abnormalities in patients with FRS could not be accounted for by clinical variables, medication effects, or cognitive abilities. These results provide support for the proposal that FRS reflect a specific dysfunction in the monitoring and evaluation of sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Waters
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Perth 6910, Australia.
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380
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Fjell AM, Rosquist H, Walhovd KB. Instability in the latency of P3a/P3b brain potentials and cognitive function in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 30:2065-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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381
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382
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Panjwani U, Ray K, Chatterjee A, Bhaumik S, Kumar S. Electrophysiological correlates of cognition improve with nap during sleep deprivation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:549-56. [PMID: 19865829 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of a 30-min nap as a countermeasure in the reduction of cognitive decline following 24 h of sleep deprivation (SD) on subjective sleepiness scales, event-related potential (ERP) P300, and contingent negative variation (CNV) was evaluated. The experiment was performed in three sessions on different days between 7 and 8 a.m. on nine normal, healthy males, of age 25-30 years: Session 1. Baseline recordings; Session 2, after one night's total sleep deprivation, and; Session 3, after 1 week of Session 1, following one night's sleep deprivation along with a 30-min nap opportunity between 1.00 and 3.00 a.m. Subjective sleepiness scores increased after SD as compared to baseline, but reduced significantly after nap (P < 0.05). There was an increase in P3 peak latency of ERP following SD (16%, P < 0.01), which was reduced with nap (10.7%, P < 0.05).There was an increase in CNV M1 peak latency after SD (18%) which decreased with the use of nap (12.5%) (P < 0.01). The CNV reaction time increased following SD (39.3%) and decreased with the use of nap (24%) (P < 0.01). No significant effects on ERP N1, P1, N2 latencies, P2 and P3 amplitudes and CNV N1, P3, M2 peak latencies and M1, and M2 amplitudes were observed. It was concluded that a 30-min nap, between 1.00 and 3.00 a.m. during night SD, reduces the cognitive decline following 24 h of SD in terms of its electro-physiological correlates. The study is of applied value in optimization of cognitive performance in professions demanding night work schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Panjwani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India.
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383
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Recognizing an individual face: 3D shape contributes earlier than 2D surface reflectance information. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1809-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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384
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Schubö A, Müller HJ. Selecting and ignoring salient objects within and across dimensions in visual search. Brain Res 2009; 1283:84-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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385
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Beste C, Konrad C, Saft C, Ukas T, Andrich J, Pfleiderer B, Hausmann M, Falkenstein M. Alterations in voluntary movement execution in Huntington's disease are related to the dominant motor system — Evidence from event-related potentials. Exp Neurol 2009; 216:148-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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386
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Brázdil M, Babiloni C, Roman R, Daniel P, Bares M, Rektor I, Eusebi F, Rossini PM, Vecchio F. Directional functional coupling of cerebral rhythms between anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal areas during rare stimuli: a directed transfer function analysis of human depth EEG signal. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:138-46. [PMID: 17999400 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
What is the neural substrate of our capability to properly react to changes in the environment? It can be hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) manages repetitive stimuli in routine conditions and alerts the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) when stimulation unexpectedly changes. To provide evidence in favor of this hypothesis, intracerebral stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) data were recorded from the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral PFC of eight epileptic patients in a standard visual oddball task during presurgical monitoring. Two types of stimuli (200 ms duration) such as the letters O (frequent stimuli; 80% of probability) and X (rare stimuli) were presented in random order, with an interstimulus interval between 2 and 5 s. Subjects had to mentally count the rare (target) stimuli and to press a button with their dominant hand as quickly and accurately as possible. EEG frequency bands of interest were theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (14-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). The directionality of the information flux within the EEG rhythms was indexed by a directed transfer function (DTF). The results showed that compared with the frequent stimuli, the target stimuli induced a statistically significant increase of DTF values from the anterior cingulate to the dorsolateral PFC at the theta rhythms (P < 0.01). These results provide support to the hypothesis that ACC directly or indirectly affects the oscillatory activity of dorsolateral PFC by a selective frequency code under typical oddball conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Brázdil
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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387
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Fleming SM, Mars RB, Gladwin TE, Haggard P. When the brain changes its mind: flexibility of action selection in instructed and free choices. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19:2352-60. [PMID: 19211661 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying the selection and initiation of voluntary actions in the absence of external instructions are poorly understood. These mechanisms are usually investigated using a paradigm where different movement choices are self-generated by a participant on each trial. These "free choices" are compared with "instructed choices," in which a stimulus informs subjects which action to make on each trial. Here, we introduce a novel paradigm to investigate these modes of action selection, by measuring brain processes evoked by an instruction to either reverse or maintain free and instructed choices in the period before a "go" signal. An unpredictable instruction to change a response plan had different effects on free and instructed choices. In instructed trials, change cues evoked a larger P300 than no-change cues, leading to a significant interaction of choice and change condition. Free-choice trials displayed a trend toward the opposite pattern. These results suggest a difference between updating of free and instructed action choices. We propose a theoretical framework for internally generated action in which representations of alternative actions remain available until a late stage in motor preparation. This framework emphasizes the high modifiability of voluntary action.
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388
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Shibata H, Gyoba J, Suzuki Y. Event-related potentials during the evaluation of the appropriateness of cooperative actions. Neurosci Lett 2009; 452:189-93. [PMID: 19383437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the evaluation of the appropriateness of cooperative actions between two people. We used pictures of pass-and-receive actions as one type of cooperative actions, in which one person passed an object and another reached out to receive it with a preshaped hand. Eleven participants judged whether the receiving actions were appropriate or inappropriate in relation to the passing ones. The inappropriate actions elicited a widely distributed and parietal maximum N400 as compared with the appropriate ones. These results suggest that the N400 is evoked in the incongruous context in which two people perform inappropriate cooperative actions and is related to the semantic processing that involves the prediction of interpersonal action sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shibata
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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389
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Event-related potentials with the Stroop colour-word task: timing of semantic conflict. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 72:246-52. [PMID: 19171167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by congruent and incongruent colour-word stimuli of a Stroop paradigm, in a task in which participants were required to judge the congruence/incongruence of the two dimensions of the stimuli, were recorded in order to study the timing of the semantic conflict. The reaction time to colour-word incongruent stimuli was significantly longer than the reaction time to congruent stimuli (the Stroop effect). A temporal Principal Components Analysis was applied to the data to identify the ERP components. Three positive components were identified in the 300-600 ms interval in response to the congruent and incongruent stimuli: First P3, P3b and PSW. The factor scores corresponding to the First P3 and P3b components were significantly smaller for the incongruent stimuli than for the congruent stimuli. No differences between stimuli were observed in the factor scores corresponding to the PSW or in the ERP latencies. We conclude that the temporal locus of the semantic conflict, which intervenes in generating the Stroop effect, may occur within the time interval in which the First P3 and P3b components are identified, i.e. at approximately 300-450 ms post-stimulus. We suggest that the semantic conflict delays the start of the response selection process, which explains the longer reaction time to incongruent stimuli.
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390
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Jaśkowski P, Szumska I, Sasin E. Functional Locus of Intensity Effects in Choice Reaction Time Tasks. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803.23.3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Long reaction times (RT) paradoxically occur with extremely loud auditory stimuli ( Van der Molen & Keuss, 1979 , 1981 ) or with ultrabright and large visual stimuli ( Jaśkowski & Włodarczyk, 2006 ) when the task requires a response choice. Van der Molen and Keuss (1981 ) hypothesized that this effect results from an arousal-driven elongation of response-selection processes. We tested this hypothesis using visual stimuli and chronopsychophysiological markers. The results showed that the latency of both early (P1 recorded at Oz) and late (P300) evoked potentials decreased monotonically with intensity. In contrast, the latency of stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials (LRP) abruptly increased for the most intense stimuli, thus mirroring the reaction time–intensity relationship. Response-locked LRPs revealed no dependency on intensity. These findings suggest that the processes responsible for the van der Molen-Keuss effect influence processing stages that are completed before the onset of LRP. The van der Molen-Keuss effect likely occurs later than those represented by early sensory potentials. This is in keeping with the hypothesis of van der Molen-Keuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jaśkowski
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Izabela Szumska
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Edyta Sasin
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warszawa, Poland
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391
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Disentangling neural processing of masked and masking stimulus by means of event-related contralateral - ipsilateral differences of EEG potentials. Adv Cogn Psychol 2008; 3:193-210. [PMID: 20517509 PMCID: PMC2864968 DOI: 10.2478/v10053-008-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the excellent temporal resolution of event-related EEG potentials (ERPs), the overlapping potentials evoked by masked and masking stimuli are hard to disentangle. However, when both masked and masking stimuli consist of pairs of relevant and irrelevant stimuli, one left and one right from fixation, with the side of the relevant element varying between pairs, effects of masked and masking stimuli can be distinguished by means of the contralateral preponderance of the potentials evoked by the relevant elements, because the relevant elements may independently change sides in masked and masking stimuli. Based on a reanalysis of data from which only selected contralateral-ipsilateral effects had been previously published, the present contribution will provide a more complete picture of the ERP effects in a masked-priming task. Indeed, effects evoked by masked primes and masking targets heavily overlapped in conventional ERPs and could be disentangled to a certain degree by contralateral-ipsilateral differences. Their major component, the N2pc, is interpreted as indicating preferential processing of stimuli matching the target template, which process can neither be identified with conscious perception nor with shifts of spatial attention. The measurements showed that the triggering of response preparation by the masked stimuli did not depend on their discriminability, and their priming effects on the processing of the following target stimuli were qualitatively different for stimulus identification and for response preparation. These results provide another piece of evidence for the independence of motor-related and perception-related effects of masked stimuli.
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392
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Marzouki Y, Midgley KJ, Holcomb PJ, Grainger J. An ERP investigation of the modulation of subliminal priming by exogenous cues. Brain Res 2008; 1231:86-92. [PMID: 18657519 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Marzouki, Grainger, and Theeuwes [Marzouki, Y., Grainger, J., and Theeuwes, J. 2007. Exogenous spatial cueing modulates subliminal priming. Acta Psychol. 126, 34-45.] demonstrated that masked repetition priming of letter identification is affected by the allocation of spatial attention to the prime location by an exogenous cue. Behavioral priming effects were obtained only when the exogenous cue was valid (prime at the same location as the cue). The present ERP study provides a further investigation of such exogenous influences on masked priming. Results showed a significant modulation of the amplitude of the P3 ERP component generated by centrally located target letters as a function of repetition priming and cue validity. The amplitude difference between repetition and unrelated primes was found to be enhanced in the presence of a valid exogenous cue. The electrophysiological data therefore confirm the influence of exogenous cues on the processing of subliminally presented prime stimuli, and show that such effects can be obtained in the absence of eye movements. The results further point to a relatively late influence of prime stimuli on target processing when these stimuli occupy distinct locations.
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393
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Extracting a stimulus-unlocked component from EEG during NoGo trials of a Go/NoGo task. Neuroimage 2008; 41:777-88. [PMID: 18450482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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394
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Wild-Wall N, Falkenstein M, Hohnsbein J. Flanker interference in young and older participants as reflected in event-related potentials. Brain Res 2008; 1211:72-84. [PMID: 18433737 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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395
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Verleger R, Groen M, Heide W, Sobieralska K, Jaśkowski P. Selection of features within and without objects: Effects of gestalt appearance and object-based instruction on behavior and event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology 2008; 45:499-510. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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396
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Verleger R. P3b: Towards some decision about memory. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:968-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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397
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The relationship between poor sleep and inhibitory functions indicated by event-related potentials. Exp Brain Res 2008; 187:631-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-008-1333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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398
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Falkenstein M. The Journal of Psychophysiology:. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803.22.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Falkenstein
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
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399
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ERP—Correlates of response selection in a response conflict paradigm. Brain Res 2008; 1189:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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400
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Rektor I, Brázdil M, Nestrasil I, Bares M, Daniel P. Modifications of cognitive and motor tasks affect the occurrence of event-related potentials in the human cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:1371-80. [PMID: 17767513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study concerns the question of how task modification affects the frequency occurrence of event-related potentials (ERP) inside the active cortical areas. In 13 candidates for epilepsy surgery, 156 sites in the temporal (74), frontal (73), and parietal (9) cortices were recorded by means of depth and subdural electrodes. Four modifications of the somatosensory evoked P3-like potentials were performed; (i) an oddball paradigm with silent counting of target stimuli (P3c); (ii) an oddball paradigm with a hand movement in response to target stimuli (P3m); (iii) an S1-S2 paradigm, ERP in the P300 time window after the S2 stimulus, with silent counting of target stimuli (S2c), and (iv) an S1-S2 paradigm with a hand movement in response to target stimuli (S2m). In comparing the oddball paradigms with the S1-S2 (contingent negative variation, CNV) paradigms, four regions emerge that are significantly linked with the oddball P3; the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate, the amygdalo-hippocampal complex, and the lateral temporal cortex. A prominent role of the cingulate and the fronto-orbital cortex in the cognitive processing of movement was supported when tasks with identical cognitive loads but different required responses were compared. Even relatively simple cognitive tasks activate many cortical regions. The investigated areas were activated in all tests; however, small regions in each field were active or inactive in relation to the nature of the task. The study indicates a variable and task-dependent internal organization of a highly complex and widely distributed system of active cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rektor
- First Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
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