351
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Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is a post‐translational protein modification recently discovered to be crucial for innate and adaptive immune signaling. The function of linear ubiquitin chains is regulated at multiple levels: generation, recognition, and removal. These chains are generated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only known ubiquitin E3 capable of forming the linear ubiquitin linkage de novo. LUBAC is not only relevant for activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in various signaling pathways, but importantly, it also regulates cell death downstream of immune receptors capable of inducing this response. Recognition of the linear ubiquitin linkage is specifically mediated by certain ubiquitin receptors, which is crucial for translation into the intended signaling outputs. LUBAC deficiency results in attenuated gene activation and increased cell death, causing pathologic conditions in both, mice, and humans. Removal of ubiquitin chains is mediated by deubiquitinases (DUBs). Two of them, OTULIN and CYLD, are constitutively associated with LUBAC. Here, we review the current knowledge on linear ubiquitination in immune signaling pathways and the biochemical mechanisms as to how linear polyubiquitin exerts its functions distinctly from those of other ubiquitin linkage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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352
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Elton L, Carpentier I, Verhelst K, Staal J, Beyaert R. The multifaceted role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1: beyond linear ubiquitination. Immunol Rev 2016; 266:208-21. [PMID: 26085217 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination controls and fine-tunes many signaling processes driving immunity, inflammation, and cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1 (heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1) is increasingly implicated in different signaling pathways and plays a vital role in immune regulation. HOIL-1 co operates with the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP (HOIL-1 interacting protein) to modify specific nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling proteins with linear M1-linked polyubiquitin chains. In addition, through its ability to also add K48-linked polyubiquitin chains to specific substrates, HOIL-1 has been linked with antiviral signaling, iron and xenobiotic metabolism, cell death, and cancer. HOIL-1 deficiency in humans leads to myopathy, amylopectinosis, auto-inflammation, and immunodeficiency associated with an increased frequency of bacterial infections. HOIL-1-deficient mice exhibit amylopectin-like deposits in the myocardium, pathogen-specific immunodeficiency, but minimal signs of hyper-inflammation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of action of HOIL-1 and highlights recent advances regarding its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Elton
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Carpentier
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Verhelst
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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353
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Does caspase-12 suppress inflammasome activation? Nature 2016; 534:E1-4. [PMID: 27251234 DOI: 10.1038/nature17649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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354
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Abstract
Lung macrophages link innate and adaptive immune responses during allergic airway inflammatory responses. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and interstitial macrophages are two different phenotypes that differentially exert immunological function under physiological and pathological conditions. Exposure to pathogen induces polarization of AM cells into classically activated macrophages (M1 cells) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 cells). M1 cells dominantly express proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β and induce lung inflammation and tissue damage. M2 cells are further divided into M2a and M2c subsets. M2a cells dominantly produce allergic cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, but M2c cells dominantly produce anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. M2a and M2c cells are differently involved in initiation, inflammation resolution, and tissue remodeling in the different stages of asthma. Microenvironment dynamically influences polarization of AM cells. Cytokines, chemokines, and immune-regulatory cells interplay and affect the balance between the polarization of M1 and M2 cells, subsequently influencing disease progression. Thus, modulation of AM phenotypes through molecular intervention has therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma and other allergic inflammatory diseases. This review updated recent advances in polarization and functional specialization of these macrophage subtypes with emphasis on modulation of polarization of M2 cells in asthma of human subjects and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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355
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Vince JE, Silke J. The intersection of cell death and inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2349-67. [PMID: 27066895 PMCID: PMC11108284 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes sense cellular danger to activate the cysteine-aspartic protease caspase-1, which processes precursor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 into their mature bioactive fragments. In addition, activated caspase-1 or the related inflammatory caspase, caspase-11, can cleave gasdermin D to induce a lytic cell death, termed pyroptosis. The intertwining of IL-1β activation and cell death is further highlighted by research showing that the extrinsic apoptotic caspase, caspase-8, may, like caspase-1, directly process IL-1β, activate the NLRP3 inflammasome itself, or bind to inflammasome complexes to induce apoptotic cell death. Similarly, RIPK3- and MLKL-dependent necroptotic signaling can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to drive IL-1β inflammatory responses in vivo. Here, we review the mechanisms by which cell death signaling activates inflammasomes to initiate IL-1β-driven inflammation, and highlight the clinical relevance of these findings to heritable autoinflammatory diseases. We also discuss whether the act of cell death can be separated from IL-1β secretion and evaluate studies suggesting that several cell death regulatory proteins can directly interact with, and modulate the function of, inflammasome and IL-1β containing protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
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356
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Shigemura T, Kaneko N, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi Y, Nakano N, Masumoto J, Agematsu K. Novel heterozygous C243Y A20/TNFAIP3 gene mutation is responsible for chronic inflammation in autosomal-dominant Behçet's disease. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000223. [PMID: 27175295 PMCID: PMC4860863 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of uncertain aetiology, the existence of familial BD with autosomal-dominant traits suggests that a responsibility gene (or genes) exists. We investigated a Japanese family with a history of BD to search for pathogenic mutations underlying the biological mechanisms of BD. Methods 6 patients over 4 generations who had suffered from frequent oral ulcers, genital ulcers and erythaema nodosum-like lesions in the skin were assessed. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on genomic DNA, and cytokine production was determined from stimulated mononuclear cells. Inflammatory cytokine secretion and Nod2-mediated NF-κB activation were analysed using the transfected cells. Results By whole-exome sequencing, we identified a common heterozygous missense mutation in A20/TNFAIP3, a gene known to regulate NF-κB signalling, for which all affected family members carried a heterozygous C243Y mutation in the ovarian tumour domain. Mononuclear cells obtained from the proband and his mother produced large amounts of interleukin 1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-a) on stimulation as compared with those from normal controls. Although inflammatory cytokine secretion was suppressed by wild-type transfected cells, it was suppressed to a much lesser extent by mutated C243Y A20/TNFAIP3-transfected cells. In addition, impaired suppression of Nod2-mediated NF-κB activation by C243Y A20/TNFAIP3 was observed. Conclusions A C243Y mutation in A20/TNFAIP3 was likely responsible for increased production of human inflammatory cytokines by reduced suppression of NF-κB activation, and may have accounted for the autosomal-dominant Mendelian mode of BD transmission in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology , Ehime University Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine , Ehime , Japan
| | - Norimoto Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Infection and Host Defense , Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics , Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Naoko Nakano
- Department of Pathology , Ehime University Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine , Ehime , Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology , Ehime University Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine , Ehime , Japan
| | - Kazunaga Agematsu
- Department of Infection and Host Defense , Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto , Japan
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357
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Lee MJ, Lim E, Mun S, Bae S, Murata K, Ivashkiv LB, Park-Min KH. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Attenuates TNF-Induced Pathologic Bone Resorption and Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis by Inducing A20 Expression. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:449-458. [PMID: 26189496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have focused on the suppression of autoantibody and immune complex-mediated inflammatory pathogenesis. Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are often accompanied by excessive bone erosion but the effect of IVIG on osteoclasts, bone-resorbing cells, has not been studied. Here, we investigate whether IVIG directly regulates osteoclast differentiation and has therapeutic potential for suppressing osteoclast-mediated pathologic bone resorption. IVIG or cross-linking of Fcγ receptors with plate-bound IgG suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and expression of osteoclast-related genes such as integrin β3 and cathepsin K in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, IVIG or plate-bound IgG suppressed osteoclastogenesis by downregulating RANKL-induced expression of NFATC1, the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. IVIG suppressed NFATC1 expression by attenuating RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling, explained in part by induction of the inflammatory signaling inhibitor A20. IVIG administration attenuated in vivo osteoclastogenesis and suppressed bone resorption in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced calvarial osteolysis model. Our findings show that, in addition to suppressing inflammation, IVIG directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis through a mechanism involving suppression of RANK signaling. Direct suppression of osteoclast differentiation may provide beneficial effects on preserving bone mass when IVIG is used to treat rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joon Lee
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Elisha Lim
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Sehwan Mun
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Koichi Murata
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021 USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 US.,Drs. Park-Min and Ivashkiv contributed equally to this work
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Center for Genomic Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021 USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 US.,Drs. Park-Min and Ivashkiv contributed equally to this work
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358
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Regulation of inflammasomes by ubiquitination. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:722-728. [PMID: 27063466 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that regulate the innate immune response by facilitating the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to pathogen exposure or cellular damage. Pro-inflammatory inflammasome signaling is vital to host defense and helps initiate the process of tissue repair following an insult to the host, but can be injurious, when excessive or chronic. As such, inflammasome activity is tightly regulated. Here we discuss one critical mechanism of inflammasome regulation, ubiquitination, that functions as a universal modulator of protein stability and trafficking. Recent studies have provided important insights into the regulation of inflammasome activation by protein ubiquitination. We review the molecular regulation of inflammasome function, specifically, as it relates to ubiquitination, and discuss the implications for the development of therapeutics to specifically target aberrant inflammasome signaling.
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359
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Bezbradica JS, Coll RC, Schroder K. Sterile signals generate weaker and delayed macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome responses relative to microbial signals. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:118-126. [PMID: 26996064 PMCID: PMC5214936 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the host response to microbial infection or sterile injury that aims to eliminate the insult, repair the tissue and restore homeostasis. Macrophages and the NLRP3 inflammasome are key sentinels for both types of insult. Although it is well established that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by microbial products and molecules released during sterile injury, it is unclear whether the responses elicited by these different types of signals are distinct. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor as prototypical microbial and sterile signal 1 stimuli, respectively, to prime the NLRP3 inflammasome. We then used the bacterial toxin nigericin and a common product released from necrotic cells, ATP, as prototypical microbial and sterile signal 2 stimuli, respectively, to trigger the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex in mouse and human macrophages. We found that NLRP3 inflammasome responses were weakest when both signal 1 and signal 2 were sterile, but responses were faster and stronger when at least one of the two signals was microbial. Ultimately, the most rapid and potent responses were elicited when both signals were microbial. Together, these data suggest that microbial versus sterile signals are distinct, both kinetically and in magnitude, in their ability to generate inflammasome-dependent responses. This hierarchy of NLRP3 responses to sterile versus microbial stimuli likely reflects the urgent need for the immune system to respond rapidly to the presence of infection to halt pathogen dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena S Bezbradica
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca C Coll
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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360
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Wang X, Yi F. The Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptors in Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES 2016; 2:28-36. [PMID: 27536689 DOI: 10.1159/000444736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a hallmark of almost all forms of renal injury and the activation of the innate immune system is of importance in the development of many kidney diseases. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) act as sensors of the innate immune system to detect pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns, which initiate immune responses to resolve infections and repair damaged tissues. Abnormalities in PRR activation will lead to excessive inflammation. SUMMARY Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are recently identified intracellular PRRs that are essential to innate immune responses and tissue homeostasis. A better understanding of the function of NLRs will provide unexpected opportunities to develop new therapies for kidney diseases by modulation of the innate immune system. KEY MESSAGES NLRs are constitutively expressed in the kidney and emerging evidence has shown that activation of NLRs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. Among NLRs, NOD2 and NLRP3 inflammasome are the best characterized members in the kidney. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the pathological mechanisms that are related to NOD2 and NLRP3 inflammasome in various kidney diseases by their canonical and non-canonical effects and discuss the opportunities of pharmacological targeting of NLR-mediated signaling pathways at multiple levels for the treatment of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
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361
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Lohkamp LN, Öllinger R, Chatzigeorgiou A, Illigens BMW, Siepmann T. Intraoperative biomarkers in renal transplantation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 21:188-99. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Nanna Lohkamp
- Department of Neurosurgery with Pediatric Neurosurgery; Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow; Berlin Germany
- Center for Clinical Research and Management Education; Division of Health Care Sciences; Dresden International University; Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Öllinger
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow; Berlin Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
- Paul-Langerhans Institute Dresden; German Center for Diabetes Research; Dresden Germany
| | - Ben Min-Woo Illigens
- Center for Clinical Research and Management Education; Division of Health Care Sciences; Dresden International University; Dresden Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Center for Clinical Research and Management Education; Division of Health Care Sciences; Dresden International University; Dresden Germany
- Department of Neurology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
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362
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Maelfait J, Roose K, Vereecke L, Mc Guire C, Sze M, Schuijs MJ, Willart M, Ibañez LI, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Beyaert R, Saelens X, van Loo G. A20 Deficiency in Lung Epithelial Cells Protects against Influenza A Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005410. [PMID: 26815999 PMCID: PMC4731390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 negatively regulates multiple inflammatory signalling pathways. We here addressed the role of A20 in club cells (also known as Clara cells) of the bronchial epithelium in their response to influenza A virus infection. Club cells provide a niche for influenza virus replication, but little is known about the functions of these cells in antiviral immunity. Using airway epithelial cell-specific A20 knockout (A20AEC-KO) mice, we show that A20 in club cells critically controls innate immune responses upon TNF or double stranded RNA stimulation. Surprisingly, A20AEC-KO mice are better protected against influenza A virus challenge than their wild type littermates. This phenotype is not due to decreased viral replication. Instead host innate and adaptive immune responses and lung damage are reduced in A20AEC-KO mice. These attenuated responses correlate with a dampened cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response at later stages during infection, indicating that A20AEC-KO mice are better equipped to tolerate Influenza A virus infection. Expression of the chemokine CCL2 (also named MCP-1) is particularly suppressed in the lungs of A20AEC-KO mice during later stages of infection. When A20AEC-KO mice were treated with recombinant CCL2 the protective effect was abrogated demonstrating the crucial contribution of this chemokine to the protection of A20AEC-KO mice to Influenza A virus infection. Taken together, we propose a mechanism of action by which A20 expression in club cells controls inflammation and antiviral CTL responses in response to influenza virus infection. Influenza viruses are a major public health threat. Each year, the typical seasonal flu epidemic affects millions of people with sometimes fatal outcomes, especially in high risk groups such as young children and elderly. The sporadic pandemic outbreaks can have even more disastrous consequences. The protein A20 is an important negative regulator of antiviral immune responses. We show that the specific deletion of A20 in bronchial epithelial cells improves the protection against influenza virus infections. This increased protection correlates with a dampened pulmonary cytotoxic T cell response and a strongly suppressed expression of the chemokine CCL2 during later stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Maelfait
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenny Roose
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Conor Mc Guire
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mozes Sze
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monique Willart
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorena Itati Ibañez
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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363
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MicroRNA-125b regulates microglia activation and motor neuron death in ALS. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:531-41. [PMID: 26794445 PMCID: PMC5072447 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the means by which microglia self-regulate the neuroinflammatory response helps modulating their reaction during neurodegeneration. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), classical NF-κB pathway is related to persistent microglia activation and motor neuron injury; however, mechanisms of negative control of NF-κB activity remain unexplored. One of the major players in the termination of classical NF-κB pathway is the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20, which has recognized anti-inflammatory functions. Lately, microRNAs are emerging as potent fine-tuners of neuroinflammation and reported to be regulated in ALS, for instance, by purinergic P2X7 receptor activation. In this work, we uncover an interplay between miR-125b and A20 protein in the modulation of classical NF-κB signaling in microglia. In particular, we establish the existence of a pathological circuit in which termination of A20 function by miR-125b strengthens and prolongs the noxious P2X7 receptor-dependent activation of NF-κB in microglia, with deleterious consequences on motor neurons. We prove that, by restoring A20 levels, miR-125b inhibition then sustains motor neuron survival. These results introduce miR-125b as a key mediator of microglia dynamics in ALS.
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364
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Matusiak M, Van Opdenbosch N, Lamkanfi M. CARD- and pyrin-only proteins regulating inflammasome activation and immunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 265:217-30. [PMID: 25879296 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-bound and intracellular immune receptors respond to microbial pathogens by initiating signaling cascades that result in production of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial factors. These host responses need to be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage and other harmful consequences of excessive inflammation. CARD-only proteins (COPs) and Pyrin-only proteins (POPs) are human- and primate-specific dominant negative inhibitors that modulate inflammatory and innate immune responses. In addition, several poxviruses encode POPs that interfere with inflammatory and host defense responses. COPs and POPs modulate inflammatory signaling at several checkpoints by sequestering key components of the inflammasome and NF-κB signaling cascades, thus hampering downstream signal transduction. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of the evolutionary history and molecular mechanisms by which roles of host- and virus-encoded COPs and POPs may regulate inflammatory and immune responses. In addition, we address their (patho)physiological roles and highlight topics for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Matusiak
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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365
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Abstract
Inflammasome biology is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing areas in immunology. Over the past 10 years, inflammasomes have been recognized for their roles in the host defense against invading pathogens and in the development of cancer, auto-inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Assembly of an inflammasome complex requires cytosolic sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns by a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALR). NLRs and ALRs engage caspase-1, in most cases requiring the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), to catalyze proteolytic cleavage of pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and pro-IL-18 and drive pyroptosis. Recent studies indicate that caspase-8, caspase-11, IL-1R-associated kinases (IRAK), and receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases contribute to inflammasome functions. In addition, post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, deubiquitination, phosphorylation, and degradation control almost every aspect of inflammasome activities. Genetic studies indicate that mutations in NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 are linked with the development of auto-inflammatory diseases, enterocolitis, and cancer. Overall, these findings transform our understanding of the basic biology and clinical relevance of inflammasomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest development of inflammasome research and discuss how inflammasome activities govern health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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366
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O'Neill LAJ, Pearce EJ. Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function. J Exp Med 2016; 213:15-23. [PMID: 26694970 PMCID: PMC4710204 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1059] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on intracellular metabolism in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages provide new insights on the functioning of these critical controllers of innate and adaptive immunity. Both cell types undergo profound metabolic reprogramming in response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or nutrient alterations, but importantly also in response to danger signals and cytokines. Metabolites such as succinate and citrate have a direct impact on the functioning of macrophages. Immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of DCs is also determined by anabolic and catabolic processes, respectively. These findings provide new prospects for therapeutic manipulation in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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367
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Thaiss CA, Levy M, Itav S, Elinav E. Integration of Innate Immune Signaling. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:84-101. [PMID: 26755064 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last decades of research in innate immunology have revealed a multitude of sensing receptors that evaluate the presence of microorganisms or cellular damage in tissues. In the context of a complex tissue, many such sensing events occur simultaneously. Thus, the downstream pathways need to be integrated to launch an appropriate cellular response, to tailor the magnitude of the reaction to the inciting event, and to terminate it in a manner that avoids immunopathology. Here, we provide a conceptual overview of the crosstalk between innate immune receptors in the initiation of a concerted immune reaction to microbial and endogenous triggers. We classify the known interactions into categories of communication and provide examples of their importance in pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maayan Levy
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomik Itav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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368
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Abstract
The complementary actions of the innate and adaptive immune systems often provide effective host defense against microbial pathogens and harmful environmental agents. Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) endow the innate immune system with the ability to detect and mount a rapid response against a given threat. Members of several intracellular PRR families, including the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), the AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), and the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein Pyrin/TRIM20, nucleate the formation of inflammasomes. These cytosolic scaffolds serve to recruit and oligomerize the cysteine protease caspase-1 in filaments that promote its proximity-induced autoactivation. This oligomerization occurs either directly or indirectly through intervention of the bipartite adaptor protein ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), which is needed for the domain interaction. Caspase-1 cleaves the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and triggers their release into the extracellular space, where they act on effector cells to promote both local and systemic immune responses. Additionally, inflammasome activation gives rise to a lytic mode of cell death, named pyroptosis, which is thought to contribute to initial host defense against infection by eliminating replication niches of intracellular pathogens and exposing them to the immune system. Inflammasome-induced host defense responses are the subject of intense investigation, and understanding their physiological roles during infection and the regulatory circuits that are involved is becoming increasingly detailed. Here, we discuss current understanding of the activation mechanisms and biological outcomes of inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Dubois
- NOD-like Receptor and Inflammasome Laboratory, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- NOD-like Receptor and Inflammasome Laboratory, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- NOD-like Receptor and Inflammasome Laboratory, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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369
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Targeting the inflammasome in rheumatic diseases. Transl Res 2016; 167:125-37. [PMID: 26118952 PMCID: PMC4487391 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the inflammasome, a protein complex responsible for many cellular functions, including the activation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, has been identified as a key participant in many rheumatic diseases including autoimmune, inflammatory, and autoinflammatory syndromes. This review will discuss the recent advances in understanding the role of this complex in various rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, it will focus on available therapies, which directly and indirectly target the inflammasome and its downstream cytokines to quiet inflammation and possibly dampen autoimmune processes.
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370
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Zhou Q, Wang H, Schwartz DM, Stoffels M, Park YH, Zhang Y, Yang D, Demirkaya E, Takeuchi M, Tsai WL, Lyons JJ, Yu X, Ouyang C, Chen C, Chin DT, Zaal K, Chandrasekharappa SC, Hanson EP, Yu Z, Mullikin JC, Hasni SA, Wertz IE, Ombrello AK, Stone DL, Hoffmann P, Jones A, Barham BK, Leavis HL, van Royen-Kerkof A, Sibley C, Batu ED, Gül A, Siegel RM, Boehm M, Milner JD, Ozen S, Gadina M, Chae J, Laxer RM, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Loss-of-function mutations in TNFAIP3 leading to A20 haploinsufficiency cause an early-onset autoinflammatory disease. Nat Genet 2016. [PMID: 26642243 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3459)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are driven by abnormal activation of innate immunity. Herein we describe a new disease caused by high-penetrance heterozygous germline mutations in TNFAIP3, which encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20, in six unrelated families with early-onset systemic inflammation. The disorder resembles Behçet's disease, which is typically considered a polygenic disorder with onset in early adulthood. A20 is a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mutant, truncated A20 proteins are likely to act through haploinsufficiency because they do not exert a dominant-negative effect in overexpression experiments. Patient-derived cells show increased degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit together with increased expression of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokines. A20 restricts NF-κB signals via its deubiquitinase activity. In cells expressing mutant A20 protein, there is defective removal of Lys63-linked ubiquitin from TRAF6, NEMO and RIP1 after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines are potential therapeutic targets for the patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongying Wang
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique Stoffels
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- FMF Arthritis Vasculitis and Orphan Disease Research Center (FAVOR), Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wanxia Li Tsai
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Ouyang
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Celeste Chen
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David T Chin
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristien Zaal
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric P Hanson
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- National Institute of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarfaraz A Hasni
- Systemic Autoimmune Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jones
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly K Barham
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annet van Royen-Kerkof
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cailin Sibley
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ezgi D Batu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - JaeJin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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371
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Cao X. Self-regulation and cross-regulation of pattern-recognition receptor signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 16:35-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nri.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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372
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Zhou Q, Wang H, Schwartz DM, Stoffels M, Park YH, Zhang Y, Yang D, Demirkaya E, Takeuchi M, Tsai WL, Lyons JJ, Yu X, Ouyang C, Chen C, Chin DT, Zaal K, Chandrasekharappa SC, Hanson EP, Yu Z, Mullikin JC, Hasni SA, Wertz IE, Ombrello AK, Stone DL, Hoffmann P, Jones A, Barham BK, Leavis HL, van Royen-Kerkof A, Sibley C, Batu ED, Gül A, Siegel RM, Boehm M, Milner JD, Ozen S, Gadina M, Chae J, Laxer RM, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Loss-of-function mutations in TNFAIP3 leading to A20 haploinsufficiency cause an early-onset autoinflammatory disease. Nat Genet 2015; 48:67-73. [PMID: 26642243 PMCID: PMC4777523 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are driven by abnormal activation of innate immunity. Herein we describe a new disease caused by high-penetrance heterozygous germline mutations in TNFAIP3, which encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20, in six unrelated families with early-onset systemic inflammation. The disorder resembles Behçet's disease, which is typically considered a polygenic disorder with onset in early adulthood. A20 is a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mutant, truncated A20 proteins are likely to act through haploinsufficiency because they do not exert a dominant-negative effect in overexpression experiments. Patient-derived cells show increased degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit together with increased expression of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokines. A20 restricts NF-κB signals via its deubiquitinase activity. In cells expressing mutant A20 protein, there is defective removal of Lys63-linked ubiquitin from TRAF6, NEMO and RIP1 after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines are potential therapeutic targets for the patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongying Wang
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique Stoffels
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- FMF Arthritis Vasculitis and Orphan Disease Research Center (FAVOR), Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wanxia Li Tsai
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Ouyang
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Celeste Chen
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David T Chin
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristien Zaal
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric P Hanson
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- National Institute of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarfaraz A Hasni
- Systemic Autoimmune Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jones
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly K Barham
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annet van Royen-Kerkof
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cailin Sibley
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ezgi D Batu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - JaeJin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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373
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Ding H, Gao G, Zhang L, Shen G, Sun W, Gu Z, Fan W. The protective effects of curculigoside A on adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibiting NF-кB/NLRP3 activation in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:43-49. [PMID: 26637957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of curculigoside A (CA) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and explore its possible mechanisms. AA was induced by intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Male SD rats were treated with CA(10 and 20mg/kg) from days 18 to 24 after immunization. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in serum were determined by ELISA. Moreover, the levels of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using commercial kits. In particular, NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-кB pathway were detected by Western blot. As expected, CA at 10 and 20mg/kg significantly relieved the hind paw swelling and arthritis index, reduced the levels of IL-6 IL-1β, PGE2, TNF-α, MDA and increased SOD activity in serum. In addition, CA effectively down-regulated the expression of NF-кB/NLRP3 pathway. These findings showed that CA exerted beneficial effects on rheumatoid arthritis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Gongming Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guowei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wenjian Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhangping Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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374
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Jo EK, Kim JK, Shin DM, Sasakawa C. Molecular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:148-59. [PMID: 26549800 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 939] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1β. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best characterized and has been linked with various human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the cytosol. We also describe the binding partners of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes activating or inhibiting the inflammasome assembly. Our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and how these influence inflammatory responses offers further insight into potential therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.,Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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375
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Hwang I, Lee E, Jeon SA, Yu JW. Histone deacetylase 6 negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:973-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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376
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Li M, Shi X, Qian T, Li J, Tian Z, Ni B, Hao F. A20 overexpression alleviates pristine-induced lupus nephritis by inhibiting the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17430-17440. [PMID: 26770333 PMCID: PMC4694233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease and urgently needs effective anti-inflammation therapies. A20, tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is a key negative regulator of inflammation, however whether A20 can regulate lupus nephritis has not been clarified. This study aimed at investigating the potential therapeutic effect of A20 on renal inflammation in mouse pristine model oflupus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Female BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with pristine to establish lupus renal injury. The levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and autoantibodies and the degrees of renal injury and CCL2 and F4/80 levels were measured. The levels of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in peritoneal macrophages were determined. We found that injection with pristine increased the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6, autoantibodies and CCL20 and F4/80 expression in the kidney and induced renal injury, accompanied by enhancing the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of mice. In contrast, treatment with Ad-A20, but not with Ad-control, significantly mitigated pristine-induced inflammatory responses and renal injury,and reduced the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in mice. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicated that induction of A20 overexpression inhibited pristane induced lupus inflammation and renal injury in mice and may be a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, 400038, China
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377
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Yang W, Ni H, Wang H, Gu H. NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13209-13216. [PMID: 26722520 PMCID: PMC4680465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now recognized as an inflammatory disease and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was speculated to participate into its pathophysiological process, however, a direct role of NLRP3 has yet to be clearly shown. METHOD COPD model was established by tobacco inhalation, COPD modeling and NLRP3 knockout mice were treated with similar dose and duration of tobacco inhalation for 12 months, the lung function, lung damage and immune responses were evaluated between control, wild type COPD and NLRP3 knock out C57B1/6 mice. RESULTS 10 months after tobacco inhalation, the respiratory system resistance indexes of COPD mice was significantly higher than that of control and NLRP3 knockout mice (2.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 and 1.3 ± 0.1 cm H2O ml(-1) s(-1), P < 0.05); the respiratory system compliance indexes of COPD was significantly lower than that of control and NLRP3 knockout mice (0.31 ± 0.02 vs. 0.43 ± 0.04, and 0.39 ± 0.01 ml/cm H2O); the NLRP3 knockout mice displayed no distinguishable pathological damage in the lung. Of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the concentration of IL-1 and IL-18 of the COPD were significantly higher than that of control and NLRP3 knockout mice (IL-1: 286.8 ± 1.7 vs. 23.8 ± 2.1 and 24.2 ± 1.3 pg/mL, P < 0.05; IL-18: 104.5 ± 4.2 vs. 12.6 ± 2.1 and 15.7 ± 2.8 pg/mL, P < 0.05); the total numbers of macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocyte and neutrophil of control, COPD and NLRP3 knockout mice were 2.3 ± 0.4, 0.5 ± 0.2, 10.3 ± 3.4 and 2.8 ± 2.7; 8.7 ± 1.1, 12.5 ± 1.1, 45.3 ± 3.3 and 29.2 ± 4.2; and 3.2 ± 0.7, 1.8 ± 0.4, 18.1 ± 1.1 and 12.8 ± 3.4 × 10(4) mL, respectively; the rates of NLRP3 positive macrophages in the BALF of control, COPD and NLRP3 knockout mice were 5.0 ± 1.0%, 78.1 ± 9.2% and 2.0 ± 0.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for the development of COPD and blockade of NLRP3 might be a possible therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Yang
- Department of Respiration, The Shanghai First People's Hospital of Baoshan Branch 101 North Tongtai Road, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Respiration, The Shanghai First People's Hospital of Baoshan Branch 101 North Tongtai Road, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Respiration, The Shanghai First People's Hospital of Baoshan Branch 101 North Tongtai Road, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Huiling Gu
- Department of Respiration, The Shanghai First People's Hospital of Baoshan Branch 101 North Tongtai Road, Shanghai 200940, China
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378
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Choulaki C, Papadaki G, Repa A, Kampouraki E, Kambas K, Ritis K, Bertsias G, Boumpas DT, Sidiropoulos P. Enhanced activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in peripheral blood cells of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:257. [PMID: 26385789 PMCID: PMC4575443 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a major inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by innate immune cells through NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Both intrinsic and extrinsic danger signals may activate NLRP3. Genetic variations in NLRP3-inflammasome components have been reported to influence rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and severity. We sought to assess the activity of NLRP3-inflammasome in patients with active RA compared to healthy individuals. Method Intracellular protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, pro- and active caspase-1, pro- and active IL-1β was assessed by immunoblotting both at baseline and upon inflammasome activation. NLRP3 function (IL-1β secretion) was assessed upon priming of TLR2 (Pam(3)CysSK(4), TLR3 (poly(I:C)) or TLR4 (LPS) and ATP sequential treatment. We used caspase inhibitors (casp-1, 3/7 and 8) to assess their contribution to IL-1β maturation. All experiments were performed in whole blood cells. Results Active RA patients (n = 11) expressed higher basal intracellular levels of NLRP3 (p < 0.008), ASC (p < 0.003), active caspase-1 (p < 0.02) and pro-IL-1β (p < 0.001). Upon priming with TLR4 (LPS) and ATP, RA-derived cell extracts (n = 7) displayed increased expression of NLRP3 (p < 0.01) and active caspase-1 (p < 0.001). Secreted IL-1β in culture supernatants from whole blood cells activated with TLR4 (LPS) or TLR3 agonist (poly(I:C)) plus ATP was higher in RA patients (n = 20) versus controls (n = 18) (p < 0.02 for both). Caspase-1 inhibition significantly reduced IL-1β secretion induced by all stimuli, whereas caspase-8 inhibition affected only TLR4 and TLR3 cell priming. Conclusion Patients with active RA have increased expression of NLRP3 and NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion in whole blood cells upon stimulation via TLR3 and TLR4 but not TLR2. In these patients, IL-1β secretion seems to be predominately driven by caspase-1 and caspase-8. Targeting NLRP3 or downstream caspases may be of benefit in suppressing IL-1β production in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Choulaki
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Iraklion, Greece.
| | - Garyfallia Papadaki
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Iraklion, Greece.
| | - Argyro Repa
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Iraklion, Greece.
| | - Eleni Kampouraki
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Iraklion, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - George Bertsias
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Iraklion, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Division of Infections and Immunity, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Iraklion, Greece. .,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27, Athens, Greece. .,4th Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Prodromos Sidiropoulos
- Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Iraklion, Greece.
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379
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Bhattacharyya S, Varga J. Emerging roles of innate immune signaling and toll-like receptors in fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 17:474. [PMID: 25604573 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathological fibrosis is a distinguishing hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc) as well as a number of more common conditions. Fibrosis is a complex and dynamic process associated with immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and uncontrolled extracellular matrix production leading to intractable scar formation in the skin and internal organs. Persistent or recurrent chemical, infectious, mechanical, or autoimmune injury in genetically predisposed individuals causes sustained fibroblasts activation. Innate immune signaling via toll-like receptors (TLRs) is increasingly recognized as a key player driving the persistent fibrotic response in SSc. In particular, expression of TLR4 as well as its endogenous ligands are elevated in lesional tissue from patients with SSc. Ligand-induced TLR4 activation elicits potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression and myofibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, TLR4 appears to sensitize fibroblasts to the profibrotic stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor-β. This review highlights recent advances and emerging paradigms for understanding the regulation, complex functional roles, and therapeutic potential of TLRs in SSc pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA,
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380
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Shi F, Kouadir M, Yang Y. NALP3 inflammasome activation in protein misfolding diseases. Life Sci 2015; 135:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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381
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382
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Douglas T, Champagne C, Morizot A, Lapointe JM, Saleh M. The Inflammatory Caspases-1 and -11 Mediate the Pathogenesis of Dermatitis in Sharpin-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic proliferative dermatitis in mice (cpdm) is a spontaneous multiorgan inflammatory disorder with pathological hallmarks similar to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in humans. Cpdm mice lack expression of SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein, an adaptor of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex, which acts in the NF-κB pathway to promote inflammation and protect from apoptosis and necroptosis. Although skin inflammation in cpdm mice is driven by TNF- and RIPK1-induced cell death, the contribution of initiating innate immunity sensors and additional inflammatory pathways remains poorly characterized. In this article, we show that inflammasome signaling, including the expression and activation of the inflammatory caspase-1 and -11 and IL-1 family cytokines, was highly upregulated in the skin of cpdm mice prior to overt disease onset. Genetic ablation of caspase-1 and -11 from cpdm mice significantly reduced skin inflammation and delayed disease onset, whereas systemic immunological disease persisted. Loss of Nlrp3 also attenuated skin disease, albeit more variably. Strikingly, induction of apoptosis and necroptosis effectors was sharply decreased in the absence of caspase-1 and -11. These results position the inflammasome as an important initiating signal in skin disease pathogenesis and provide novel insights about inflammasome and cell death effector cross-talk in the context of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Claudia Champagne
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Morizot
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Jean-Martin Lapointe
- Comparative Medicine and Animal Resources Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada; and
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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383
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Spontaneous retrotransposon insertion into TNF 3'UTR causes heart valve disease and chronic polyarthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26195802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508399112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are chronic inflammatory diseases that together affect 2-3% of the population. RA and AS predominantly involve joints, but heart disease is also a common feature in RA and AS patients. Here we have studied a new spontaneous mutation that causes severe polyarthritis in bone phenotype spontaneous mutation 1 (BPSM1) mice. In addition to joint destruction, mutant mice also develop aortic root aneurism and aorto-mitral valve disease that can be fatal depending on the genetic background. The cause of the disease is the spontaneous insertion of a retrotransposon into the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which triggers its strong overexpression in myeloid cells. We found that several members of a family of RNA-binding, CCCH-containing zinc-finger proteins control TNF expression through its 3'UTR, and we identified a previously unidentified regulatory element in the UTR. The disease in BPSM1 mice is independent of the adaptive immune system and does not appear to involve inflammatory cytokines other than TNF. To our knowledge, this is the first animal model showing both polyarthritis and heart disease as a direct result of TNF deregulation. These results emphasize the therapeutic potential of anti-TNF drugs for the treatment of heart valve disease and identify potential therapeutic targets to control TNF expression and inflammation.
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384
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RC3H1 post-transcriptionally regulates A20 mRNA and modulates the activity of the IKK/NF-κB pathway. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7367. [PMID: 26170170 PMCID: PMC4510711 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein RC3H1 (also known as ROQUIN) promotes TNFα mRNA decay via a 3′UTR constitutive decay element (CDE). Here we applied PAR-CLIP to human RC3H1 to identify ∼3,800 mRNA targets with >16,000 binding sites. A large number of sites are distinct from the consensus CDE and revealed a structure-sequence motif with U-rich sequences embedded in hairpins. RC3H1 binds preferentially short-lived and DNA damage-induced mRNAs, indicating a role of this RNA-binding protein in the post-transcriptional regulation of the DNA damage response. Intriguingly, RC3H1 affects expression of the NF-κB pathway regulators such as IκBα and A20. RC3H1 uses ROQ and Zn-finger domains to contact a binding site in the A20 3′UTR, demonstrating a not yet recognized mode of RC3H1 binding. Knockdown of RC3H1 resulted in increased A20 protein expression, thereby interfering with IκB kinase and NF-κB activities, demonstrating that RC3H1 can modulate the activity of the IKK/NF-κB pathway. The RNA-binding protein RC3H1/ROQUIN1 promotes the degradation of mRNA by binding to a consensus CDE present in the 3′UTR. Here the authors expand the set of consensus sequences through which RCH31 binds and regulates mRNA encoding members of the DNA damage response and IKK/NF-κB pathway.
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385
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Zhu L, Wang L, Wang X, Zhou L, Liao Z, Xu L, Wu H, Ren J, Li Z, Yang L, Chen S, Li B, Wu X, Zhou Y, Li Y. Characteristics of A20 gene polymorphisms and clinical significance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Transl Med 2015; 13:215. [PMID: 26143186 PMCID: PMC4491428 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are a number of studies regarding to the susceptibility of A20 SNPs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, a few of these studies have shown an association between polymorphisms in the A20 gene and RA risk in the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of A20 gene polymorphisms, the association between polymorphisms and clinical significance in Chinese RA patients. Methods PCR and sequencing were used to identify A20 gene polymorphisms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (50 cases), synovial fluid (11 cases) from RA patients and PBMCs from 30 healthy individuals. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the A20 mRNA expression in 38 RA patients and 40 healthy individuals. Pearson’s Chi square test and two independent-samples Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs5029937, rs3799491, rs598493, rs2307859, rs146534657, rs2230926, rs661561, and rs582757) were identified in PBMCs of RA patients. One new mutation (14284 T > A) was identified in synovial fluid mononuclear cells from one RA case. rs146534657 was identified for the first time in two RA cases. Patients with rs146534657 (12411 A > G, Asn102Ser) AG genotype or rs2230926 (12486 T > G, Phe127Cys) TG genotype had poor outcome. Significantly lower A20 mRNA expression was found in PBMCs from RA patients compared with healthy individuals (p < 0.001). There was a higher A20 mRNA expression in RA patients with rs2230926 TG genotype and rs146534657 AG genotype (11.56 ± 7.39) than patients with rs2230926 TT genotype and rs146534657 AA genotype (5.63 ± 4.37) (p = 0.031). Conclusion Significantly lower A20 expression was found in RA patients. The polymorphisms of A20 were characterized in RA patients. We detected rs146534657 for the first time and identified a new A20 mutation (14284 T > A). A20 rs2230926 TG genotype and rs146534657 AG genotype may be related to poor outcome in RA patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0566-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ziwei Liao
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Huixia Wu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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386
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Inflammasomes and human autoimmunity: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 61:1-8. [PMID: 26005048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes composed of a NOD-like receptor (NLR)/an AIM-like receptor (ALR), the adapter molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein that contains a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. Active caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in inflammation. Genetic mutations in inflammasomes were first recognized to result in autoinflammatory diseases, which are characterized by the absence of both autoantibodies and autoreactive-T/B cells. However, there is increasing attention being placed on genetic polymorphisms that are involved in the components of inflammasomes, and these have implications for innate immunity and the natural history of autoimmune diseases. For example, while the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) haplotypes contributes to susceptibility to developing vitiligo; there are other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alters the susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Indeed, there are multiple factors that contribute to lowering the threshold of immunity and inflammasomes play a key role in this threshold. For example, IL-1β and IL-18 further perpetuate Th17 responses and endothelial cell damage, which potentiate a number of autoimmune diseases, including synovitis in RA, cardiovascular disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is also increasing data on the role of innate immunity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in lupus nephritis, and in a variety of autoimmune pathologies in which activation of the innate immune system is the driver for the adaptive system. Indeed, it is likely that the chronic pathology of autoimmunity is mediated in part by otherwise innocent bystander cells, augmented by inflammasomes.
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387
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Lessons from Microglia Aging for the Link between Inflammatory Bone Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:471342. [PMID: 26078980 PMCID: PMC4452354 DOI: 10.1155/2015/471342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is sensitive to overactive immune responses, which initiate the onset of inflammatory bone disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, resulting in a significant systemic inflammatory response. On the other hand, neuroinflammation is strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can be enhanced by systemic inflammation, such as that due to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is growing clinical evidence supporting the concept that rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis are positively linked to AD, suggesting that inflammatory bone disorders are risk factors for this condition. Recent studies have suggested that leptomeningeal cells play an important role in transducing systemic inflammatory signals to brain-resident microglia. More importantly, senescent-type, but not juvenile-type, microglia provoke neuroinflammation in response to systemic inflammation. Because the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis increases with age, inflammatory bone disorders may be significant sources of covert systemic inflammation among elderly people. The present review article highlights our current understanding of the link between inflammatory bone disorders and AD with a special focus on microglia aging.
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388
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Mullen LM, Chamberlain G, Sacre S. Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:122. [PMID: 25975607 PMCID: PMC4432834 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are part of the first line of defence against pathogens. However, they also have the ability to respond to danger signals that are frequently elevated during tissue damage and at sites of inflammation. Inadvertent activation of pattern recognition receptors has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many conditions including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prolonged inflammation most often results in pain and damage to tissues. In particular, the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptors that form inflammasomes have been postulated as key contributors to the inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. As such, there is increasing interest in targeting these receptors for therapeutic treatment in the clinic. Here the role of pattern recognition receptors in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed, with an update on the development of interventions to modulate the activity of these potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
| | | | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
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389
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Saavedra PHV, Demon D, Van Gorp H, Lamkanfi M. Protective and detrimental roles of inflammasomes in disease. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:313-22. [PMID: 25895577 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, inflammasomes have emerged as key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. They induce programmed cell death and direct the release of danger signals and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The concerted actions of inflammasomes are of utmost importance for responding adequately to harmful environmental agents and infections. However, deregulated inflammasome signaling is increasingly linked to a diversity of human pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rare, hereditary periodic fever syndromes. In this review, we discuss recent insight in the protective and detrimental roles of inflammasomes in selected infectious, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cover clinically approved therapies that interfere with inflammasome signaling. These findings highlight the importance of fine-balancing the Ying and Yang activities of inflammasomes for sustained homeostasis and suggest that further understanding of inflammasome mechanisms may offer new cures for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H V Saavedra
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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390
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A20 restricts ubiquitination of pro-interleukin-1β protein complexes and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Immunity 2015; 42:55-67. [PMID: 25607459 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate inflammasome activation contributes to multiple human diseases, but the mechanisms by which inflammasomes are suppressed are poorly understood. The NF-κB inhibitor A20 is a ubiquitin-modifying enzyme that might be critical in preventing human inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that A20-deficient macrophages, unlike normal cells, exhibit spontaneous NLRP3 inflammasome activity to LPS alone. The kinase RIPK3, but not the adaptor MyD88, is required for this response. In normal cells, A20 constitutively associates with caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β, and NLRP3 activation further promotes A20 recruitment to the inflammasome. Pro-IL-1β also co-immunoprecipitates with RIPK1, RIPK3, caspase-1, and caspase-8 in a complex that is modified with K63-linked and unanchored polyubiquitin. In A20-deficient macrophages, this pro-IL-1β-associated ubiquitination is markedly increased in a RIPK3-dependent manner. Mass spectrometric and mutational analyses reveal that K133 of pro-IL-1β is a physiological ubiquitination site that supports processing. Our study reveals a mechanism by which A20 prevents inflammatory diseases.
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391
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Haneklaus M, O'Neill LAJ. NLRP3 at the interface of metabolism and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2015; 265:53-62. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Haneklaus
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Luke A. J. O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
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392
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Moghaddas F, Masters SL. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: Cytokinopathies. Cytokine 2015; 74:237-46. [PMID: 25814341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in genetics are providing unprecedented insight into functions of the innate immune system with identification of the mutations that cause monogenic autoinflammatory disease. Cytokine antagonism is profoundly effective in a subset of these conditions, particularly those associated with increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity, the inflammasomopathies. These include syndromes where the production of IL-1 is increased by mutation of innate immune sensors such as NLRP3, upstream signalling molecules such as PSTPIP1 and receptors or downstream signalling molecules, such as IL-1Ra. Another example of this is interferon (IFN) and the interferonopathies, with mutations in the sensors STING and MDA5, the upstream signalling regulator AP1S3, and a downstream inhibitor of IFN signalling, ISG15. We propose that this can be extended to cytokines such as IL-36, with mutations in IL-36Ra, and IL-10, with mutations in IL-10RA and IL-10RB, however mutations in sensors or upstream signalling molecules are yet to be described in these instances. Additionally, autoinflammatory diseases can be caused by multiple cytokines, for example with the activation of NF-κB/Rel, for which we propose the term Relopathies. This nosology is limited in that some cytokine pathways may be degenerate in their generation or execution, however provides insight into likely autoinflammatory disease candidates and the cytokines with which newly identified mutations may be associated, and therefore targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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393
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Yang CS, Kim JJ, Kim TS, Lee PY, Kim SY, Lee HM, Shin DM, Nguyen LT, Lee MS, Jin HS, Kim KK, Lee CH, Kim MH, Park SG, Kim JM, Choi HS, Jo EK. Small heterodimer partner interacts with NLRP3 and negatively regulates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6115. [PMID: 25655831 PMCID: PMC4347017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in damaging inflammation, yet the regulators of this process remain poorly defined. Herein, we show that the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP) is a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to an interaction between SHP and NLRP3, proteins that are both recruited to mitochondria. Overexpression of SHP competitively inhibits binding of NLRP3 to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). SHP deficiency results in increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and excessive pathologic responses typically observed in mouse models of kidney tubular necrosis and peritoneal gout. Notably, the loss of SHP results in accumulation of damaged mitochondria and a sustained interaction between NLRP3 and ASC in the endoplasmic reticulum. These data are suggestive of a role for SHP in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activation through a mechanism involving interaction with NLRP3 and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Su Yang
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [3] Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [3] Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Phil Young Lee
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Loi T Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Jin
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- 1] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2]
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
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394
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Ozaki E, Campbell M, Doyle SL. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases: current perspectives. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:15-27. [PMID: 25653548 PMCID: PMC4303395 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s51250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a molecular platform formed by activation of an innate immune pattern recognition receptor seed, such as NLRP3. Once activated, NLRP3 recruits the adapter ASC (apoptosis-related speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), which in turn recruits procaspase-1. Procaspase-1 autocatalyzes its cleavage and activation, resulting in maturation of the precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into active proinflammatory cytokines and initiation of pyroptotic cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, including genetically inherited autoinflammatory conditions as well as chronic diseases in which NLRP3 is abnormally activated. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and age-related macular degeneration. In this review, we describe the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and its activation in disease, and detail the current therapies that modulate either the NLRP3 inflammasome complex itself or the two cytokines it is responsible for activating, ie, IL-1β and IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Ozaki
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sarah L Doyle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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395
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