351
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Kingsbury GA, Feeney LA, Nong Y, Calandra SA, Murphy CJ, Corcoran JM, Wang Y, Prabhu Das MR, Busfield SJ, Fraser CC, Villeval JL. Cloning, expression, and function of BLAME, a novel member of the CD2 family. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5675-80. [PMID: 11313408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The CD2 family is a growing family of Ig domain-containing cell surface proteins involved in lymphocyte activation. Here we describe the cloning and expression analysis of a novel member of this family, B lymphocyte activator macrophage expressed (BLAME). BLAME shares the structural features of the CD2 family containing an IgV and IgC2 domain and clusters with the other family members on chromosome 1q21. Quantitative PCR and Northern blot analysis show BLAME to be expressed in lymphoid tissue and, more specifically, in some populations of professional APCs, activated monocytes, and DCS: Retroviral forced expression of BLAME in hematopoietic cells of transplanted mice showed an increase in B1 cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and, most strikingly, in the peritoneal cavity. These cells do not express CD5 and are CD23(low)Mac1(low), characteristics of the B1b subset. BLAME may therefore play a role in B lineage commitment and/or modulation of signal through the B cell receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- CD2 Antigens/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kingsbury
- Millennium Pharmaceutical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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352
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Ulyanova T, Shah DD, Thomas ML. Molecular cloning of MIS, a myeloid inhibitory siglec, that binds protein-tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14451-8. [PMID: 11278955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011650200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the molecular cloning and characterization of a novel myeloid inhibitory siglec, MIS, that belongs to the family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. A full-length MIS cDNA was obtained from murine bone marrow cells. MIS is predicted to contain an extracellular region comprising three immunoglobulin-like domains (V-set amino-terminal domain followed by two C-set domains), a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail with two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like sequences. The closest relative of MIS in the siglec family is human siglec 8. Extracellular regions of these two siglecs share 47% identity at the amino acid level. Southern blot analysis suggests the presence of one MIS gene. MIS is expressed in the spleen, liver, heart, kidney, lung and testis tissues. Several isoforms of MIS protein exist due to the alternative splicing. In a human promonocyte cell line, MIS was able to bind Src homology 2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases, SHP-1 and SHP-2. This binding was mediated by the membrane-proximal ITIM of MIS. Moreover, MIS exerted an inhibitory effect on FcgammaRI receptor-induced calcium mobilization. These data suggest that MIS can play an inhibitory role through its ITIM sequences.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lectins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Isoforms
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
- Tissue Distribution
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ulyanova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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353
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Takei M, Ishiwata T, Mitamura K, Fujiwara S, Sasaki K, Nishi T, Kuga T, Ookubo T, Horie T, Ryu J, Ohi H, Sawada S. Decreased expression of signaling lymphocytic-activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) transcripts in T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunol 2001; 13:559-65. [PMID: 11282995 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.4.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T cells is disturbed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients but the mechanism for this disturbance has remained unknown. In a recent study searching for the causative gene of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, the gene possibly linked to EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells or NK cell-mediated cytotoxic activity to EBV-infected cells was discovered, and its product is now referred to as signaling lymphocytic-activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) or Src homology 2 domain-containing protein (SH2D1A). In the present study, we attempted to investigate the involvement of the SAP gene in RA using a quantitative real-time PCR; the expression level of SAP transcripts in peripheral leukocytes or T cells was examined for patients with RA. The expression level of SAP transcripts in peripheral leukocytes of 21 RA patients was significantly lower than that of 13 normal individuals (P = 0.0007), four patients with palindromic RA, 11 with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or 17 with chronic renal diseases. The decreased expression of SAP transcripts in RA patients was also observed in peripheral CD2(+) T cells compared with normal individuals. There was no mutation in the coding region of SAP cDNAs derived from peripheral leukocytes of five RA patients. The decreased expression of SAP transcripts in peripheral leukocytes or T cells of RA patients might lead to the failure of the immune system to eliminate the EBV-infected synovial lining cells in joints of RA patients. Our findings have suggested that decreased expression of the SAP gene might be involved in the onset or progress of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takei
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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354
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moretta
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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355
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Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells are known to preferentially kill cells that lack major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, we do not know what signals the attack of these targets. Several membrane receptors have recently been implicated in this process and include molecules with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) and motifs that bind phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K). Evidence is emerging that NK cells may use a combination of several receptors and signaling pathways to protect the host against infection and possibly against malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.
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356
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Vitale M, Falco M, Castriconi R, Parolini S, Zambello R, Semenzato G, Biassoni R, Bottino C, Moretta L, Moretta A. Identification of NKp80, a novel triggering molecule expressed by human NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:233-42. [PMID: 11265639 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200101)31:1<233::aid-immu233>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of NK cells to kill a wide range of tumor or virally infected target cells as well as normal allogeneic T cell blasts appears to depend upon the concerted action of multiple triggering NK receptors. In this study, using two specific monoclonal antibodies [(mAb) MA152 and LAP171], we identified a triggering NK receptor expressed at the cell surface as a dimer of approximately 80 kDa (NKp80). NKp80 is expressed by virtually all fresh or activated NK cells and by a minor subset of T cells characterized by the CD56 surface antigen. NKp80 surface expression was also detected in all CD3- and in 6 / 10 CD3+ large granular lymphocyte expansions derived from patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes. In polyclonal NK cells, mAb-mediated cross-linking of NKp80 resulted in induction of cytolytic activity and Ca2+ mobilization. A marked heterogeneity existed in the magnitude of the cytolytic responses of different NK cell clones to anti-NKp80 mAb. This heterogeneity correlated with the surface density of NKp46 molecules expressed by different NK clones. The mAb-mediated masking of NKp80 led to a partial inhibition of the NK-mediated lysis of appropriate allogeneic phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell blasts, while it had no effect on the lysis of different tumor target cells, including T cell leukemia cells. These data suggest that NKp80 recognizes a ligand on normal T cells that may be down-regulated during tumor transformation. Molecular cloning of the cDNA coding for NKp80 revealed a type II transmembrane molecule of 231 amino acids identical to the putative protein encoded by a recently identified cDNA termed KLRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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357
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Bottino C, Augugliaro R, Castriconi R, Nanni M, Biassoni R, Moretta L, Moretta A. Analysis of the molecular mechanism involved in 2B4-mediated NK cell activation: evidence that human 2B4 is physically and functionally associated with the linker for activation of T cells. Eur J Immunol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12%3c3718::aid-immu3718%3e3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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358
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Bottino C, Augugliaro R, Castriconi R, Nanni M, Biassoni R, Moretta L, Moretta A. Analysis of the molecular mechanism involved in 2B4-mediated NK cell activation: evidence that human 2B4 is physically and functionally associated with the linker for activation of T cells. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:3718-22. [PMID: 11169415 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3718::aid-immu3718>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While 2B4 is a well-known surface receptor involved in NK cell triggering and induction of cytotoxicity against CD48-positive target cells, little is known about the downstream events which lead to NK cell activation. In this study we show that, in normal human NK cells, 2B4 constitutively associates with the linker for activation of T cells (LAT). Antibody-mediated engagement of 2B4 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation not only of 2B4 but also of the associated LAT molecules. Moreover, tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT led to the recruitment of intracytoplasmic signaling molecules including phospholipase Cgamma and Grb2. These data support the concept that 2B4 may mediate NK cell triggering via a LAT-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bottino
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.
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359
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Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Falco M, Pende D, Millo R, Moretta L, Bottino C, Moretta A. Human natural killer cell activating receptors. Mol Immunol 2000; 37:1015-24. [PMID: 11399319 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were poorly characterized until 10 years ago and few molecules expressed on their cell surface were known. Now the situation has changed dramatically, since a plethora of receptors characterized by opposite functions have been functionally and molecularly defined. NK cells express clonally distributed inhibitory receptors specific for different groups of HLA class I alleles, thus protecting normal cells from NK-mediated lysis. On the contrary, various activating receptors are involved in triggering of NK-mediated natural cytotoxicity. Their engagement induces human NK cells to kill target cells that are either HLA class I-negative or -deficient. Here a brief description of the activating receptors and coreceptor and of their ligand(s) is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Laboratorio di Immunologia, IST/CBA, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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360
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Moretta L, Moretta A, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. On the pathogenesis of perforin defects and related immunodeficiencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5699(00)01731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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361
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Nakajima H, Cella M, Bouchon A, Grierson HL, Lewis J, Duckett CS, Cohen JI, Colonna M. Patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease have a defect in 2B4 receptor-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:3309-18. [PMID: 11093147 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200011)30:11<3309::aid-immu3309>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder (XLPD) are unable to control Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infections and lymphoproliferation. This disease is caused by a deficit of SAP, an adapter protein involved in the signal transduction of several cell surface receptors of the CD2 superfamily. One of these receptors, called 2B4, is expressed on NK cells, cytotoxic T cells and myeloid cells and activates NK cell cytotoxicity. Here we show that XLPD patients have a defect of 2B4 receptor-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity. This defect may contribute to the pathogenesis of XLPD by reducing NK cell lysis of EBV-infected B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakajima
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.
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362
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Tangye SG, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Nichols KE. Functional requirement for SAP in 2B4-mediated activation of human natural killer cells as revealed by the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:2932-6. [PMID: 10975798 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) is an immunodeficiency characterized by life-threatening infectious mononucleosis and EBV-induced B cell lymphoma. The gene mutated in XLP encodes SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein)-associated protein (SAP), a small SH2 domain-containing protein. SAP associates with 2B4 and SLAM, activating receptors expressed by NK and T cells, and prevents recruitment of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 SHP-2) to the cytoplasmic domains of these receptors. The phenotype of XLP may therefore result from perturbed signaling through SAP-associating receptors. We have addressed the functional consequence of SAP deficiency on 2B4-mediated NK cell activation. Ligating 2B4 on normal human NK cells with anti-2B4 mAb or interaction with transfectants bearing the 2B4 ligand CD48 induced NK cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, ligation of 2B4 on NK cells from a SAP-deficient XLP patient failed to initiate cytotoxicity. Despite this, CD2 or CD16-induced cytotoxicity of SAP-deficient NK cells was similar to that of normal NK cells. Thus, selective impairment of 2B4-mediated NK cell activation may contribute to the immunopathology of XLP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Genetic Linkage
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Associated Protein
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Syndrome
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X Chromosome
- src Homology Domains/genetics
- src Homology Domains/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Tangye
- Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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