351
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Heat shock protein 90 inhibition: A potential double- or triple-edged sword in the treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:412-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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352
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Renoprotective effects of berberine through regulation of the MMPs/TIMPs system in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:448-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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353
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Rohani MG, McMahan RS, Razumova MV, Hertz AL, Cieslewicz M, Pun SH, Regnier M, Wang Y, Birkland TP, Parks WC. MMP-10 Regulates Collagenolytic Activity of Alternatively Activated Resident Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2377-2384. [PMID: 25927164 PMCID: PMC4567949 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) is expressed by macrophages and epithelium in response to injury, but its functions in wound repair are unknown. We observed increased collagen deposition and skin stiffness in Mmp10(-/-) wounds, with no difference in collagen expression or reepithelialization. Increased collagen deposition in Mmp10(-/-) wounds was accompanied by less collagenolytic activity and reduced expression of specific metallocollagenases, particularly MMP-8 and MMP-13, where MMP-13 was the key collagenase. Ablation and adoptive transfer approaches and cell-based models demonstrated that the MMP-10-dependent collagenolytic activity was a product of alternatively activated (M2) resident macrophages. These data demonstrate a critical role for macrophage MMP-10 in controlling the tissue remodeling activity of macrophages and moderating scar formation during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Rohani
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ryan S McMahan
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria V Razumova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angie L Hertz
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maryelise Cieslewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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354
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de Franciscis S, Gallelli L, Amato B, Butrico L, Rossi A, Buffone G, Caliò FG, De Caridi G, Grande R, Serra R. Plasma MMP and TIMP evaluation in patients with deep venous thrombosis: could they have a predictive role in the development of post-thrombotic syndrome? Int Wound J 2015; 13:1237-1245. [PMID: 26403997 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a condition that can develop in about half of the patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in the early phases of DVT and their correlation with the onset of PTS. Patients were enrolled after the first episode of DVT and were followed up for 1, 4, 8, 12 and 18 months. At each visit, blood sample was collected to evaluate plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1,-2,-3,-7,-8 and -9 MMP inhibitors, TIMP-1,-2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Analysis included 201 patients [86 males (42·79%) and 115 females (57·21%); average age 56 ± 7 years]. Of the 201 patients, 47 (23·38%; 21 males, 26 females) developed PTS during the follow-up period. The control group was made up of 60 individuals without DVT (22 males and 38 females). High plasma levels of MMPs, NGAL and cytokines were recorded during the acute phase after DVT. Moreover, patients with PTS showed higher levels of MMP-1 and MMP-8 with respect to patients without PTS. There is a close relationship between DVT, the individual risk of PTS and specific biomarkers such as MMPs and other related molecules, which may help guide prevention and therapy based on the patient's individual risk profile, and has to be studied in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters: University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters: University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianluca Buffone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Division of Vascular Surgery, S. Anna Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni De Caridi
- Department of Dentistry and Medical and Surgical Experimental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters: University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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355
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Dong J, Yu X, Porter DW, Battelli LA, Kashon ML, Ma Q. Common and distinct mechanisms of induced pulmonary fibrosis by particulate and soluble chemical fibrogenic agents. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:385-402. [PMID: 26345256 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis results from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers and scarring in the lungs with or without an identifiable cause. The mechanism(s) underlying lung fibrosis development is poorly understood, and effective treatment is lacking. Here we compared mouse lung fibrosis induced by pulmonary exposure to prototypical particulate (crystalline silica) or soluble chemical (bleomycin or paraquat) fibrogenic agents to identify the underlying mechanisms. Young male C57BL/6J mice were given silica (2 mg), bleomycin (0.07 mg), or paraquat (0.02 mg) by pharyngeal aspiration. All treatments induced significant inflammatory infiltration and collagen deposition, manifesting fibrotic foci in silica-exposed lungs or diffuse fibrosis in bleomycin or paraquat-exposed lungs on day 7 post-exposure, at which time the lesions reached their peaks and represented a junction of transition from an acute response to chronic fibrosis. Lung genome-wide gene expression was analyzed, and differential gene expression was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting for representative genes to demonstrate their induced expression and localization in fibrotic lungs. Canonical signaling pathways, gene ontology, and upstream transcription networks modified by each agent were identified. In particular, these inducers elicited marked proliferative responses; at the same time, silica preferentially activated innate immune functions and the defense against foreign bodies, whereas bleomycin and paraquat boosted responses related to cell adhesion, platelet activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and wound healing. This study identified, for the first time, the shared and unique genes, signaling pathways, and biological functions regulated by particulate and soluble chemical fibrogenic agents during lung fibrosis, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying human lung fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Dale W Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Lori A Battelli
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop 3014, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
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356
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Intracellular Cleavage of the Cx43 C-Terminal Domain by Matrix-Metalloproteases: A Novel Contributor to Inflammation? Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:257471. [PMID: 26424967 PMCID: PMC4573893 DOI: 10.1155/2015/257471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of tissue function is mediated by gap junctions (GJs) that enable direct cell-cell transfer of metabolic and electric signals. GJs are formed by connexin (Cx) proteins of which Cx43 is most widespread in the human body. Beyond its role in direct intercellular communication, Cx43 also forms nonjunctional hemichannels (HCs) in the plasma membrane that mediate the release of paracrine signaling molecules in the extracellular environment. Both HC and GJ channel function are regulated by protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications that predominantly take place in the C-terminal domain of Cx43. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a major group of zinc-dependent proteases, known to regulate not only extracellular matrix remodeling, but also processing of intracellular proteins. Together with Cx43 channels, both GJs and HCs, MMPs contribute to acute inflammation and a small number of studies reports on an MMP-Cx43 link. Here, we build further on these reports and present a novel hypothesis that describes proteolytic cleavage of the Cx43 C-terminal domain by MMPs and explores possibilities of how such cleavage events may affect Cx43 channel function. Finally, we set out how aberrant channel function resulting from cleavage can contribute to the acute inflammatory response during tissue injury.
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357
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Anavi S, Eisenberg-Bord M, Hahn-Obercyger M, Genin O, Pines M, Tirosh O. The role of iNOS in cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:914-24. [PMID: 26097999 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of cholesterol in the liver is associated with the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related fibrosis. However, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study investigated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis by feeding wild-type (WT) and iNOS-deficient mice with control or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 weeks. WT mice fed with HCD developed greater liver fibrosis, compared with iNOS-deficient mice, as evident by Sirius red staining and higher expression levels of profibrotic genes. Enhanced liver fibrosis in the presence of iNOS was associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stabilization, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and enhanced hepatic DNA damage. The profibrotic role of iNOS was also demonstrated in vivo using a selective inhibitor of iNOS as well as in vitro in a rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6). In conclusion, these findings suggest that iNOS is an important mediator in HCD-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Eisenberg-Bord
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Hahn-Obercyger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Genin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mark Pines
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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358
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Abstract
Importance of chronic fibroproliferative diseases (FDs) including pulmonary fibrosis, chronic kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular or liver fibrosis is rapidly increasing and they have become a major public health problem. According to some estimates about 45% of all deaths are attributed to FDs in the developed world. Independently of their etiology the common hallmark of FDs is chronic inflammation. Infiltrating immune cells, endothelial, epithelial, and other resident cells of the injured organ release an orchestra of inflammatory mediators, which stimulate the proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production of myofibroblasts, the effector cells of organ fibrosis. Abnormal amount of ECM disturbs the original organ architecture leading to the decline of function. Although our knowledge is rapidly expanding, we still have neither a diagnostic tool to detect nor a drug to specifically target fibrosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the more comprehensive understanding of the pathomechanism of fibrosis and development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present review we provide an overview of the common key mediators of organ fibrosis highlighting the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokine family members (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26), which recently came into focus as tissue remodeling-related inflammatory cytokines.
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359
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Yao R, Cao Y, He YR, Lau WB, Zeng Z, Liang ZA. Adiponectin attenuates lung fibroblasts activation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125169. [PMID: 25945502 PMCID: PMC4422712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most common complications of paraquat (PQ) poisoning, which demands for more effective therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests adiponectin (APN) may be a promising therapy against fibrotic diseases. In the current study, we determine whether the exogenous globular APN isoform protects against pulmonary fibrosis in PQ-treated mice and human lung fibroblasts, and dissect the responsible underlying mechanisms. BALB/C mice were divided into control group, PQ group, PQ + low-dose APN group, and PQ + high-dose APN group. Mice were sacrificed 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after PQ treatment. We compared pulmonary histopathological changes among different groups on the basis of fibrosis scores, TGF-β1, CTGF and α-SMA pulmonary content via Western blot and real-time quantitative fluorescence-PCR (RT-PCR). Blood levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined by ELISA. Human lung fibroblasts WI-38 were divided into control group, PQ group, APN group, and APN receptor (AdipoR) 1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) group. Fibroblasts were collected 24, 48, and 72 hours after PQ exposure for assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined via Kit-8 (CCK-8) and fluorescein Annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling. The protein and mRNA expression level of collagen type III, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR. APN treatment significantly decreased the lung fibrosis scores, protein and mRNA expression of pulmonary TGF-β1, CTGF and α-SMA content, and blood MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Pretreatment with APN significantly attenuated the reduced cell viability and up-regulated collagen type III expression induced by PQ in lung fibroblasts, (p<0.05). APN pretreatment up-regulated AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2, expression in WI-38 fibroblasts. AdipoR1 siRNA abrogated APN-mediated protective effects in PQ-exposed fibroblasts. Taken together, our data suggests APN protects against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner, via suppression of lung fibroblast activation. Functional AdipoR1 are expressed by human WI-38 lung fibroblasts, suggesting potential future clinical applicability of APN against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ya-rong He
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Emergency Medicine Department of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1025 Walnut Street, 808 College Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States of America
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (ZZ)
| | - Zong-an Liang
- Respiratory Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (ZZ)
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360
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Prystupa A, Szpetnar M, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Grzybowski A, Sak J, Załuska W. Activity of MMP1 and MMP13 and amino acid metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1008-14. [PMID: 25863779 PMCID: PMC4403549 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease remains one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP13) as diagnostic markers of alcoholic liver disease and to determine the changes in free amino acid profile in the patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Material/Methods Sixty patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis treated in various hospitals of the Lublin region were randomly enrolled. The control group consisted of 10 healthy individuals without liver disease, who did not drink alcohol. Additionally, a group of alcoholics (22 persons) without liver cirrhosis was included in the study. The activity of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in blood plasma of patients and controls was measured using the sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique with commercially available quantitative ELISA test kits. Amino acids were determined by automated ion-exchange chromatography. Results No significant differences were observed in the activity of MMP-1 in alcoholics with or without liver cirrhosis or in controls. Increased serum MMP-13 was found in patients with liver cirrhosis (stage A, B, C) compared to the control group. Patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (stage A, B, C) demonstrated reduced concentrations of glutamic acid and glutamine compared to the control group. Plasma levels of valine, isoleucine, leucine, and tryptophan were significantly lower in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (stage C) than in controls. Conclusions MMP-13 can be useful to confirm the diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but levels of MMP-1 are not significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to controls. The serum branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is markedly reduced in patients with stage C alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Prystupa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Szpetnar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Jarosław Sak
- Department of Ethics and Human Philosophy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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361
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Kim SS, Wen W, Prowse P, Hamilton DW. Regulation of matrix remodelling phenotype in gingival fibroblasts by substratum topography. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1183-96. [PMID: 25766369 PMCID: PMC4459834 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival connective tissue often has a composition resembling that of scar surrounding dental implant abutments. Increased cell adhesion, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and increased extracellular matrix deposition are a hallmark of fibrotic cells, but how topographic features influence gingival fibroblast adhesion and adoption of the α-SMA positive myofibroblast phenotype associated with scarring is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate whether implant topographies that limit adhesion formation would reduce myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on PT (smooth) and SLA (roughened) titanium discs for varying time-points. At 1 and 2 weeks after seeding, incorporation of α-SMA into stress-fibre bundles and fibronectin deposition was significantly higher on PT than SLA surfaces indicating differentiation of the cells towards a myofibroblast phenotype. Analysis of adhesion formation demonstrated that cells formed larger adhesions and more stable adhesions on PT, with more nascent adhesions observed on SLA. Gene expression analysis identified up-regulation of 15 genes at 24 hrs on SLA versus PT associated with matrix remodelling. Pharmacological inhibition of Src/FAK signalling in gingival fibroblasts on PT reduced fibronectin deposition and CCN2 expression. We conclude that topographical features that reduce focal adhesion stability could be applied to inhibit myofibroblast differentiation in gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna S Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Weiyan Wen
- Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Prowse
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas W Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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362
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Matrix remodeling by MMPs during wound repair. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:113-21. [PMID: 25770908 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Repair following injury involves a range of processes - such as re-epithelialization, scar formation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and more - that function, often together, to restore tissue architecture. MMPs carry out diverse roles in all of these activities. In this article, we discuss how specific MMPs act on ECM during two critical repair processes: re-epithelialization and resolution of scar tissue. For wound closure, we discuss how two MMPs - MMP1 in human epidermis and MMP7 in mucosal epithelia - facilitate re-epithelialization by cleaving different ECM or ECM-associated proteins to affect similar integrin:matrix adhesion. In scars and fibrotic tissues, we discuss that a variety of MMPs carry out a diverse range of activities that can either promote or limit ECM deposition. However, few of these MMP-driven activities have been demonstrated to be due a direct action on ECM.
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363
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Duarte S, Baber J, Fujii T, Coito AJ. Matrix metalloproteinases in liver injury, repair and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:147-56. [PMID: 25599939 PMCID: PMC4495728 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a large highly vascularized organ with a central function in metabolic homeostasis, detoxification, and immunity. Due to its roles, the liver is frequently exposed to various insults which can cause cell death and hepatic dysfunction. Alternatively, the liver has a remarkable ability to self-repair and regenerate after injury. Liver injury and regeneration have both been linked to complex extracellular matrix (ECM) related pathways. While normal degradation of ECM components is an important feature of tissue repair and remodeling, irregular ECM turnover contributes to a variety of liver diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main enzymes implicated in ECM degradation. MMPs not only remodel the ECM, but also regulate immune responses. In this review, we highlight some of the MMP-attributed roles in acute and chronic liver injury and emphasize the need for further experimentation to better understand their functions during hepatic physiological conditions and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John Baber
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Takehiro Fujii
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ana J Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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364
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Bonnans C, Chou J, Werb Z. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 15:786-801. [PMID: 25415508 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2668] [Impact Index Per Article: 296.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that is present in all tissues and continuously undergoes controlled remodelling. This process involves quantitative and qualitative changes in the ECM, mediated by specific enzymes that are responsible for ECM degradation, such as metalloproteinases. The ECM interacts with cells to regulate diverse functions, including proliferation, migration and differentiation. ECM remodelling is crucial for regulating the morphogenesis of the intestine and lungs, as well as of the mammary and submandibular glands. Dysregulation of ECM composition, structure, stiffness and abundance contributes to several pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and invasive cancer. A better understanding of how the ECM regulates organ structure and function and of how ECM remodelling affects disease progression will contribute to the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bonnans
- 1] Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA. [2] Oncology Department, INSERM U661, Functional Genomic Institute, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Chou
- 1] Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
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Bonnans C, Chou J, Werb Z. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:786-801. [PMID: 25415508 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3904.remodelling] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that is present in all tissues and continuously undergoes controlled remodelling. This process involves quantitative and qualitative changes in the ECM, mediated by specific enzymes that are responsible for ECM degradation, such as metalloproteinases. The ECM interacts with cells to regulate diverse functions, including proliferation, migration and differentiation. ECM remodelling is crucial for regulating the morphogenesis of the intestine and lungs, as well as of the mammary and submandibular glands. Dysregulation of ECM composition, structure, stiffness and abundance contributes to several pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and invasive cancer. A better understanding of how the ECM regulates organ structure and function and of how ECM remodelling affects disease progression will contribute to the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bonnans
- 1] Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA. [2] Oncology Department, INSERM U661, Functional Genomic Institute, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Chou
- 1] Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
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Huang YR, Wei QX, Wan YG, Sun W, Mao ZM, Chen HL, Meng XJ, Shi XM, Tu Y, Zhu Q. Ureic clearance granule, alleviates renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation in renal failure rats, compared with enalapril. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1541-1552. [PMID: 25087615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal compound prescription has a unique therapeutic action on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. In clinics, Uremic Clearance Granules (UCG), a compounded Chinese patent medicine, has been frequently used to treat chronic renal failure (CRF) patients for nearly 30 years, however, the deep therapeutic mechanisms involved in vivo remain a challenge. This study aims to demonstrate the effects and mechanisms of UCG on renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/Smad signaling activity in vivo, compared with enalapril. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, a sham-operated group (Sham group), a vehicle-intervened group (Vehicle group), a UCG-treated group (UCG group) (5g/kg/day) and an enalapril-treated group (Enalapril group) (20mg/kg/day). The rats with renal failure were induced by adenine (150 mg/kg/day) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and killed on day 35 after the administration. Proteinuria, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), blood biochemical parameters, renal morphological changes, collagen type IV (CIV), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, as well as the key molecular protein expressions in TGF-beta1/Smad signaling pathway were observed, respectively. RESULTS Adenine administration and UUO induced severe renal damages, as indicated by renal dysfunction, proteinuria and the marked histopathological injuries in the tubules and interstitium, which were associated with MMP-2/TIMP-1 imbalance and TGF-beta1/Smad signaling activity, as shown by up-regulation of the protein expressions of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptor type I (RI), TGF-beta receptor type II (RII), Smad2/3, phosphorylated-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad4, as well as down-regulation of the protein expression of Smad7 in the kidney. UCG treatment, however, significantly not only attenuated renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but also improved the protein expressions of MMP-2, TIMP-1, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta RI, p-Smad2/3, Smad4 and Smad7 in the kidney. Besides, the effects of UCG were stronger than those of enalapril partly. CONCLUSION UCG similar to enalapril, is renoprotective via ameliorating renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the renal failure model. The potential mechanisms by which UCG exerts its therapeutical effects in vivo are through promoting ECM degradation and regulating MMP-2/TIMP-1 balance or signaling molecular activity in TGF-beta1/Smad pathway in the kidney. These findings suggest that UCG treatment is undoubtedly useful in preventing the progression of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Huang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Qing-Xue Wei
- Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Mao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Hao-Li Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Xian-Jie Meng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Xi-Miao Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Guangzhou Consun Drug Research Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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Ahmed RH, Roshdy NK, Saleh HE, Aref MI, Hassan NM, Mohammed NR. Ameliorative Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells against CCl<sub>4</sub> Induced Chromosomal Abnormalities in Experimental Rat Liver Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2014.44010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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