401
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Lovnicki J, Chen R, Fazli L, Wang Y, Gleave M, Huang J, Dong X. SRRM4 gene expression correlates with neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:96-104. [PMID: 30155992 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of castrate-resistant prostate cancer characterized by poor patient outcome. Whole transcriptome sequencing analyses identified a NEPC-specific RNA splicing program that is predominantly controlled by the SRRM4 gene, suggesting that SRRM4 drives NEPC development. However, whether SRRM4 expression in patients may aid pathologists in diagnosing NEPC and predicting patient survival remains to be determined. In this study, we have applied RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays to measure the expressions of SRRM4, NEPC markers (SYP, CD56, and CHGA), and adenocarcinoma (AdPC) markers (AR, PSA) in a series of tissue microarrays constructed from castrate-resistant prostate tumors, treatment-naïve tumors collected from radical prostatectomy, and tumors treated with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) for 0-12 months. Three pathologists also independently evaluated tumor histology and NEPC marker status. Here, we report that SRRM4 in castrate-resistant tumors is highly expressed in NEPC, strongly correlated with SYP, CD56, and CHGA expressions (Pearson correlation r = 0.883, 0.675, and 0.881; P < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with AR and PSA expressions (Pearson correlation r = -0.544 and -0.310; P < 0.05). Overall survival is 12.3 months for patients with SRRM4 positive tumors, comparing to 23 months for patients with SRRM4 negative tumors. In treatment-naïve AdPC, low SRRM4 expression is detected in ∼16% tumor cores. It correlates with SYP and CHGA expressions, but not Gleason scores. AdPC treated with >7 month NHT has significantly higher SRRM4 expression. Based on these findings, we conclude that SRRM4 expression in castrate-resistant tumors is highly correlated with NEPC and poor patient survival. It may serve as a diagnosis and prognosis biomarker of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jessica Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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402
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Dicken H, Hensley PJ, Kyprianou N. Prostate tumor neuroendocrine differentiation via EMT: The road less traveled. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:82-90. [PMID: 30775251 PMCID: PMC6363600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-standing challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer is to overcome therapeutic resistance during progression to lethal disease. Aberrant transforming-growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling accelerates prostate tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model via effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and neuroendocrine differentiation driving tumor progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is highly aggressive exhibiting reactivation of developmental programs associated with EMT induction and stem cell-like characteristics. The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical driver of tumor progression as well as therapeutic response in patients with metastatic CRPC. The signaling interactions between the TGF-β mechanistic network and AR axis impact the EMT phenotypic conversions, and perturbation of epithelial homeostasis via EMT renders a critical venue for epithelial derived tumors to become invasive, acquire the neuroendocrine phenotype, and rapidly metastasize. Combinations of microtubule targeting taxane chemotherapy and androgen/AR targeting therapies have survival benefits in CRPC patients, but therapeutic resistance invariability develops, leading to mortality. Compelling evidence from our group recently demonstrated that chemotherapy (cabazitaxel, second line taxane chemotherapy), or TGF-β receptor signaling targeted therapy, caused reversion of EMT to mesenchymal-epithelial transition and tumor re-differentiation, in in vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models. In this review, we discuss the functional contribution of EMT dynamic changes to the development of the neuroendocrine phenotype-the newly characterized pathological feature of prostate tumors in the context of the tumor microenvironment-navigated cell lineage changes and the role of this neuroendocrine phenotype in metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Dicken
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick J. Hensley
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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403
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Beltran H, Oromendia C, Danila DC, Montgomery B, Hoimes C, Szmulewitz RZ, Vaishampayan U, Armstrong AJ, Stein M, Pinski J, Mosquera JM, Sailer V, Bareja R, Romanel A, Gumpeni N, Sboner A, Dardenne E, Puca L, Prandi D, Rubin MA, Scher HI, Rickman DS, Demichelis F, Nanus DM, Ballman KV, Tagawa ST. A Phase II Trial of the Aurora Kinase A Inhibitor Alisertib for Patients with Castration-resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Efficacy and Biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:43-51. [PMID: 30232224 PMCID: PMC6320304 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer that may develop de novo or as a mechanism of treatment resistance. N-myc is capable of driving NEPC progression. Alisertib inhibits the interaction between N-myc and its stabilizing factor Aurora-A, inhibiting N-myc signaling, and suppressing tumor growth. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty men were treated with alisertib 50 mg twice daily for 7 days every 21 days. Eligibility included metastatic prostate cancer and at least one: small-cell neuroendocrine morphology; ≥50% neuroendocrine marker expression; new liver metastases without PSA progression; or elevated serum neuroendocrine markers. The primary endpoint was 6-month radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Pretreatment biopsies were evaluated by whole exome and RNA-seq and patient-derived organoids were developed. RESULTS Median PSA was 1.13 ng/mL (0.01-514.2), number of prior therapies was 3, and 68% had visceral metastases. Genomic alterations involved RB1 (55%), TP53 (46%), PTEN (29%), BRCA2 (29%), and AR (27%), and there was a range of androgen receptor signaling and NEPC marker expression. Six-month rPFS was 13.4% and median overall survival was 9.5 months (7.3-13). Exceptional responders were identified, including complete resolution of liver metastases and prolonged stable disease, with tumors suggestive of N-myc and Aurora-A overactivity. Patient organoids exhibited concordant responses to alisertib and allowed for the dynamic testing of Aurora-N-myc complex disruption. CONCLUSIONS Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint, a subset of patients with advanced prostate cancer and molecular features supporting Aurora-A and N-myc activation achieved significant clinical benefit from single-agent alisertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Clara Oromendia
- Department of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher Hoimes
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North California
| | - Mark Stein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jacek Pinski
- Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juan M Mosquera
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Verena Sailer
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento Italy
| | - Naveen Gumpeni
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Etienne Dardenne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loredana Puca
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Davide Prandi
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento Italy
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David S Rickman
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento Italy
| | - David M Nanus
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Karla V Ballman
- Department of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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404
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Xu L, Chen J, Liu W, Liang C, Hu H, Huang J. Targeting androgen receptor-independent pathways in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:91-98. [PMID: 30775252 PMCID: PMC6363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critically required for the development of prostate cancer (PCa), targeting AR axis has been the standard treatment of choice for advanced and metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, although the tumor initially responds to the therapy, treatment resistance eventually develops and the disease will progress. It is therefore imperative to identify the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and novel molecular targets that are independent of AR signaling. Recent advances in pathology, molecular biology, genetics and genomics research have revealed novel AR-independent pathways that contribute to PCa carcinogenesis and progression. They include neuroendocrine differentiation, cell metabolism, DNA damage repair pathways and immune-mediated mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting the non-AR mechanisms holds great promise to treat PCa that does not respond to AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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405
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Lee AR, Gan Y, Xie N, Ramnarine VR, Lovnicki JM, Dong X. Alternative RNA splicing of the GIT1 gene is associated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:245-255. [PMID: 30417466 PMCID: PMC6317919 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent androgen receptor pathway inhibition (ARPI) therapies have given rise to a lethal, aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) called treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). Now, t-NEPC poses a major clinical problem as approximately 20% of CRPC cases bear this subtype-a rate of occurrence that is predicted to rise with the widespread use of ARPI therapies. Unfortunately, there are no targeted therapies currently available to treat t-NEPC as the origin and molecular underpinnings of t-NEPC development remain unclear. In the present study, we identify that RNA splicing of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) gene is a unique event in t-NEPC patients. Specifically, upregulation of the GIT1-A splice variant and downregulation of the GIT1-C variant expressions are associated with t-NEPC patient tumors, patient-derived xenografts, and cell models. RNA-binding assays show that RNA splicing of GIT1 is directly driven by SRRM4 and is associated with the neuroendocrine phenotype in CRPC cohorts. We show that GIT1-A and GIT1-C regulate differential transcriptomes in prostate cancer cells, where GIT1-A regulates genes associated with morphogenesis, neural function, environmental sensing via cell-adhesion processes, and epigenetic regulation. Consistent with our transcriptomic analyses, we report opposing functions of GIT1-A and GIT1-C in the stability of focal adhesions, whereby GIT1-A promotes focal adhesion stability. In summary, our study is the first to report that alternative RNA splicing of the GIT1 gene is associated with t-NEPC and reprograms its function involving FA-mediated signaling and cell processes, which may contribute to t-NEPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahn R. Lee
- Vancouver Prostate CentreDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Yu Gan
- Vancouver Prostate CentreDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ning Xie
- Vancouver Prostate CentreDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Varune R. Ramnarine
- Vancouver Prostate CentreDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Jessica M. Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate CentreDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate CentreDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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406
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Aytes A, Giacobbe A, Mitrofanova A, Ruggero K, Cyrta J, Arriaga J, Palomero L, Farran-Matas S, Rubin MA, Shen MM, Califano A, Abate-Shen C. NSD2 is a conserved driver of metastatic prostate cancer progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5201. [PMID: 30518758 PMCID: PMC6281610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering cell-intrinsic mechanisms of metastasis progression in vivo is essential to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Here we elucidate cell-intrinsic drivers of metastatic prostate cancer progression through analyses of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) and correlative studies of human prostate cancer. Expression profiling of lineage-marked cells from mouse primary tumors and metastases defines a signature of de novo metastatic progression. Cross-species master regulator analyses comparing this mouse signature with a comparable human signature identifies conserved drivers of metastatic progression with demonstrable clinical and functional relevance. In particular, nuclear receptor binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2) is robustly expressed in lethal prostate cancer in humans, while its silencing inhibits metastasis of mouse allografts in vivo. We propose that cross-species analysis can elucidate mechanisms of metastasis progression, thus providing potential additional therapeutic opportunities for treatment of lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Aytes
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Katia Ruggero
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Juan Arriaga
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Luis Palomero
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Farran-Matas
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), and Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 160 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 Saint Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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407
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Geng H, Xue C, Mendonca J, Sun XX, Liu Q, Reardon PN, Chen Y, Qian K, Hua V, Chen A, Pan F, Yuan J, Dang S, Beer TM, Dai MS, Kachhap SK, Qian DZ. Interplay between hypoxia and androgen controls a metabolic switch conferring resistance to androgen/AR-targeted therapy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4972. [PMID: 30478344 PMCID: PMC6255907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the efficacy of androgen/androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy remains limited for many patients with metastatic prostate cancer. This is in part because prostate cancers adaptively switch to the androgen/AR-independent pathway for survival and growth, thereby conferring therapy resistance. Tumor hypoxia is considered as a major cause of treatment resistance. However, the exact mechanism is largely unclear. Here we report that chronic-androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the condition of hypoxia induces adaptive androgen/AR-independence, and therefore confers resistance to androgen/AR-targeted therapy, e.g., enzalutamide. Mechanistically, this is mediated by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), which is transcriptionally repressed by AR in hypoxia, but restored and increased by AR inhibition. In turn, GPI maintains glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in hypoxia by redirecting the glucose flux from androgen/AR-dependent pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to hypoxia-induced glycolysis pathway, thereby reducing the growth inhibitory effect of enzalutamide. Inhibiting GPI overcomes the therapy resistance in hypoxia in vitro and increases enzalutamide efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Geng
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Changhui Xue
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Janet Mendonca
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Qiong Liu
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- NMR Core facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yingxiao Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kendrick Qian
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Vivian Hua
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alice Chen
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Freddy Pan
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Julia Yuan
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sang Dang
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sushant K Kachhap
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - David Z Qian
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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408
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Integrative epigenetic taxonomy of primary prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4900. [PMID: 30464211 PMCID: PMC6249266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR) is the key-driving transcription factor in prostate cancer, tightly controlled by epigenetic regulation. To date, most epigenetic profiling has been performed in cell lines or limited tissue samples. Here, to comprehensively study the epigenetic landscape, we perform RNA-seq with ChIP-seq for AR and histone modification marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K27me3) in 100 primary prostate carcinomas. Integrative molecular subtyping of the five data streams revealed three major subtypes of which two were clearly TMPRSS2-ERG dictated. Importantly, we identify a third subtype with low chromatin binding and activity of AR, but with high activity of FGF and WNT signaling. While positive for neuroendocrine-hallmark genes, these tumors were copy number-neutral with low mutational burden, significantly depleted for genes characteristic of poor-outcome associated luminal B-subtype. We present a unique resource on transcriptional and epigenetic control in prostate cancer, revealing tight control of gene regulation differentially dictated by AR over three subtypes. The Androgen Receptor (AR) is the main driver of prostate cancer and functions in conjunction with chromatin modifications. Here, the authors comprehensively profile 100 primary prostate carcinomas by sequencing RNA transcripts in combination with ChIP-sequencing for AR and the active histone marks H3K27ac, H3K4me3 and repressive mark H3K27me3.
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409
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Choudhury AD, Werner L, Francini E, Wei XX, Ha G, Freeman SS, Rhoades J, Reed SC, Gydush G, Rotem D, Lo C, Taplin ME, Harshman LC, Zhang Z, O'Connor EP, Stover DG, Parsons HA, Getz G, Meyerson M, Love JC, Hahn WC, Adalsteinsson VA. Tumor fraction in cell-free DNA as a biomarker in prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122109. [PMID: 30385733 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor content in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising biomarker, but longitudinal dynamics of tumor-derived and non-tumor-derived cfDNA through multiple courses of therapy have not been well described. METHODS CfDNA from 663 plasma samples from 140 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was subject to sparse whole genome sequencing. Tumor fraction (TFx) estimated using the computational tool ichorCNA was correlated with clinical features and responses to therapy. RESULTS TFx associated with the number of bone metastases (median TFx = 0.014 with no bone metastases, 0.047 with 1-3 bone metastases, 0.190 for 4+ bone metastases; P < 0.0001) and with visceral metastases (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, TFx remained associated with metastasis location (P = 0.042); TFx was positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0227) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (Hgb) (P < 0.001), but it was not correlated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) (P = 0.75). Tumor-derived and non-tumor-derived cfDNA track together and do not increase with generalized tissue damage from chemotherapy or radiation at the time scales examined. All new treatments that led to ≥30% PSA decline at 6 weeks were associated with TFx decline when baseline TFx was >7%; however, TFx in patients being subsequently maintained on secondary hormonal therapy was quite dynamic. CONCLUSION TFx correlates with clinical features associated with overall survival in CRPC, and TFx decline is a promising biomarker for initial therapeutic response. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC) protocol no. 18-135. FUNDING Wong Family Award in Translational Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute Medical Oncology grant, Gerstner Family Foundation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Koch Institute Support (core) grant P30-CA14051 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Werner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edoardo Francini
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiao X Wei
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah C Reed
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Lo
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren C Harshman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Heather A Parsons
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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410
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Raschellà G, Melino G, Gambacurta A. Cell death in cancer in the era of precision medicine. Genes Immun 2018; 20:529-538. [PMID: 30341419 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors constitute a large class of diseases that affect different organs and cell lineages. The molecular characterization of cancers of a given type has revealed an extraordinary heterogeneity in terms of genetic alterations and DNA mutations; heterogeneity that is further highlighted by single-cell DNA sequencing of individual patients. To address these issues, drugs that specifically target genes or altered pathways in cancer cells are continuously developed. Indeed, the genetic fingerprint of individual tumors can direct the modern therapeutic approaches to selectively hit the tumor cells while sparing the healthy ones. In this context, the concept of precision medicine finds a vast field of application. In this review, we will briefly list some classes of target drugs (Bcl-2 family modulators, Tyrosine Kinase modulators, PARP inhibitors, and growth factors inhibitors) and discuss the application of immunotherapy in tumors (T cell-mediated immunotherapy and CAR-T cells) that in recent years has drastically changed the prognostic outlook of aggressive cancers. We will also consider how apoptosis could represent a primary end point in modern cancer therapy and how "classic" chemotherapeutic drugs that induce apoptosis are still utilized in therapeutic schedules that involve the use of target drugs or immunotherapy to optimize the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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411
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Identification of the Transcription Factor Relationships Associated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy Response and Metastatic Progression in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100379. [PMID: 30314329 PMCID: PMC6210624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with locally advanced or recurrent prostate cancer typically undergo androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but the benefits are often short-lived and the responses variable. ADT failure results in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which inevitably leads to metastasis. We hypothesized that differences in tumor transcriptional programs may reflect differential responses to ADT and subsequent metastasis. Results: We performed whole transcriptome analysis of 20 patient-matched Pre-ADT biopsies and 20 Post-ADT prostatectomy specimens, and identified two subgroups of patients (high impact and low impact groups) that exhibited distinct transcriptional changes in response to ADT. We found that all patients lost the AR-dependent subtype (PCS2) transcriptional signatures. The high impact group maintained the more aggressive subtype (PCS1) signal, while the low impact group more resembled an AR-suppressed (PCS3) subtype. Computational analyses identified transcription factor coordinated groups (TFCGs) enriched in the high impact group network. Leveraging a large public dataset of over 800 metastatic and primary samples, we identified 33 TFCGs in common between the high impact group and metastatic lesions, including SOX4/FOXA2/GATA4, and a TFCG containing JUN, JUNB, JUND, FOS, FOSB, and FOSL1. The majority of metastatic TFCGs were subsets of larger TFCGs in the high impact group network, suggesting a refinement of critical TFCGs in prostate cancer progression. Conclusions: We have identified TFCGs associated with pronounced initial transcriptional response to ADT, aggressive signatures, and metastasis. Our findings suggest multiple new hypotheses that could lead to novel combination therapies to prevent the development of CRPC following ADT.
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412
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Russo JW, Gao C, Bhasin SS, Voznesensky OS, Calagua C, Arai S, Nelson PS, Montgomery B, Mostaghel EA, Corey E, Taplin ME, Ye H, Bhasin M, Balk SP. Downregulation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Accelerates Progression to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6354-6362. [PMID: 30242112 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), is designed to suppress androgen receptor (AR) activity. However, men invariably progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and AR reactivation contributes to progression in most cases. To identify mechanisms that may drive CRPC, we examined a VCaP prostate cancer xenograft model as tumors progressed from initial androgen sensitivity prior to castration to castration resistance and then on to relapse after combined therapy with further AR-targeted drugs (abiraterone plus enzalutamide). AR activity persisted in castration-resistant and abiraterone/enzalutamide-resistant xenografts and was associated with increased expression of the AR gene and the AR-V7 splice variant. We then assessed expression of individual AR-regulated genes to identify those that persisted, thereby contributing to tumor growth, versus those that decreased and may therefore exhibit tumor suppressor activities. The most significantly decreased AR target gene was dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which encodes a membrane-anchored protein that cleaves dipeptides from multiple growth factors, resulting in their increased degradation. DPP4 mRNA and protein were also decreased in clinical CRPC cases, and inhibition of DPP4 with sitagliptin enhanced the growth of prostate cancer xenografts following castration. Significantly, DPP4 inhibitors are frequently used to treat type 2 diabetes as they increase insulin secretion. Together, these results implicate DPP4 as an AR-regulated tumor suppressor gene whose loss enhances growth factor activity and suggest that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors may accelerate emergence of resistance to ADT.Significance: These findings identify DPP4 as an AR-stimulated tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated during progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer, warning that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors, commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, may accelerate prostate cancer progression following androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6354-62. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Russo
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Ce Gao
- Department of Medicine, Bioinformatic and Systems Biology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Swati S Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Bioinformatic and Systems Biology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga S Voznesensky
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carla Calagua
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seiji Arai
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Eva Corey
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Bioinformatic and Systems Biology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Balk
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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413
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Blee AM, He Y, Yang Y, Ye Z, Yan Y, Pan Y, Ma T, Dugdale J, Kuehn E, Kohli M, Jimenez R, Chen Y, Xu W, Wang L, Huang H. TMPRSS2-ERG Controls Luminal Epithelial Lineage and Antiandrogen Sensitivity in PTEN and TP53-Mutated Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4551-4565. [PMID: 29844131 PMCID: PMC6139075 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Deletions or mutations in PTEN and TP53 tumor suppressor genes have been linked to lineage plasticity in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Fusion-driven overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor ERG is observed in approximately 50% of all prostate cancers, many of which also harbor PTEN and TP53 alterations. However, the role of ERG in lineage plasticity of PTEN/TP53-altered tumors is unclear. Understanding the collective effect of multiple mutations within one tumor is essential to combat plasticity-driven therapy resistance.Experimental Design: We generated a Pten-negative/Trp53-mutated/ERG-overexpressing mouse model of prostate cancer and integrated RNA-sequencing with ERG chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify pathways regulated by ERG in the context of Pten/Trp53 alteration. We investigated ERG-dependent sensitivity to the antiandrogen enzalutamide and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib in human prostate cancer cell lines, xenografts, and allografted mouse tumors. Trends were evaluated in TCGA, SU2C, and Beltran 2016 published patient cohorts and a human tissue microarray.Results: Transgenic ERG expression in mice blocked Pten/Trp53 alteration-induced decrease of AR expression and downstream luminal epithelial genes. ERG directly suppressed expression of cell cycle-related genes, which induced RB hypophosphorylation and repressed E2F1-mediated expression of mesenchymal lineage regulators, thereby restricting adenocarcinoma plasticity and maintaining antiandrogen sensitivity. In ERG-negative tumors, CDK4/6 inhibition delayed tumor growth.Conclusions: Our studies identify a previously undefined function of ERG to restrict lineage plasticity and maintain antiandrogen sensitivity in PTEN/TP53-altered prostate cancer. Our findings suggest ERG fusion as a biomarker to guide treatment of PTEN/TP53-altered, RB1-intact prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4551-65. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Blee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yundong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yinhui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tao Ma
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph Dugdale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rafael Jimenez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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414
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Li Q, Deng Q, Chao HP, Liu X, Lu Y, Lin K, Liu B, Tang GW, Zhang D, Tracz A, Jeter C, Rycaj K, Calhoun-Davis T, Huang J, Rubin MA, Beltran H, Shen J, Chatta G, Puzanov I, Mohler JL, Wang J, Zhao R, Kirk J, Chen X, Tang DG. Linking prostate cancer cell AR heterogeneity to distinct castration and enzalutamide responses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3600. [PMID: 30190514 PMCID: PMC6127155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous but the functional significance of AR heterogeneity remains unclear. Screening ~200 castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cores and whole-mount sections (from 89 patients) reveals 3 AR expression patterns: nuclear (nuc-AR), mixed nuclear/cytoplasmic (nuc/cyto-AR), and low/no expression (AR-/lo). Xenograft modeling demonstrates that AR+ CRPC is enzalutamide-sensitive but AR-/lo CRPC is resistant. Genome editing-derived AR+ and AR-knockout LNCaP cell clones exhibit distinct biological and tumorigenic properties and contrasting responses to enzalutamide. RNA-Seq and biochemical analyses, coupled with experimental combinatorial therapy, identify BCL-2 as a critical therapeutic target and provide proof-of-concept therapeutic regimens for both AR+/hi and AR-/lo CRPC. Our study links AR expression heterogeneity to distinct castration/enzalutamide responses and has important implications in understanding the cellular basis of prostate tumor responses to AR-targeting therapies and in facilitating development of novel therapeutics to target AR-/lo PCa cells/clones.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nitriles
- Phenylthiohydantoin/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology,, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Gregory W Tang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Collene Jeter
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Tammy Calhoun-Davis
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ruizhe Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jason Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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415
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Abstract
Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced disease is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses in the setting of extreme tumor heterogeneity on the genetic and cell biological levels. Here, we review available prostate cancer model systems, the prostate cancer genome atlas, cellular and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, and technological advances focused on disease detection and management. These advances, along with an improved understanding of the adaptive responses to conventional cancer therapies, anti-androgen therapy, and immunotherapy, are catalyzing development of more effective therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. In particular, knowledge of the heterotypic interactions between and coevolution of cancer and host cells in the tumor microenvironment has illuminated novel therapeutic combinations with a strong potential for more durable therapeutic responses and eventual cures for advanced disease. Improved disease management will also benefit from artificial intelligence-based expert decision support systems for proper standard of care, prognostic determinant biomarkers to minimize overtreatment of localized disease, and new standards of care accelerated by next-generation adaptive clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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416
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Chedgy ECP, Vandekerkhove G, Herberts C, Annala M, Donoghue AJ, Sigouros M, Ritch E, Struss W, Konomura S, Liew J, Parimi S, Vergidis J, Hurtado-Coll A, Sboner A, Fazli L, Beltran H, Chi KN, Wyatt AW. Biallelic tumour suppressor loss and DNA repair defects in de novo
small-cell prostate carcinoma. J Pathol 2018; 246:244-253. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund CP Chedgy
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Gillian Vandekerkhove
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Cameron Herberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Matti Annala
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Adam J Donoghue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - Elie Ritch
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Werner Struss
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Saki Konomura
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Janet Liew
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Sunil Parimi
- Department of Medical Oncology; British Columbia Cancer Agency; British Columbia Canada
| | - Joanna Vergidis
- Department of Medical Oncology; British Columbia Cancer Agency; British Columbia Canada
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - Kim N Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology; British Columbia Cancer Agency; British Columbia Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; British Columbia Canada
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417
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Skvortsov S, Skvortsova II, Tang DG, Dubrovska A. Concise Review: Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Current Understanding. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1457-1474. [PMID: 29845679 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous, harboring phenotypically diverse cancer cell types. PCa cell heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability that leads to the clonal competition and evolution of the cancer genome and by epigenetic mechanisms that result in subclonal cellular differentiation. The process of tumor cell differentiation is initiated from a population of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) that possess many phenotypic and functional properties of normal stem cells. Since the initial reports on PCSCs in 2005, there has been much effort to elucidate their biological properties, including unique metabolic characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the current methods for PCSC enrichment and analysis, the hallmarks of PCSC metabolism, and the role of PCSCs in tumor progression. Stem Cells 2018;36:1457-1474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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418
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Frank S, Nelson P, Vasioukhin V. Recent advances in prostate cancer research: large-scale genomic analyses reveal novel driver mutations and DNA repair defects. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30135717 PMCID: PMC6073096 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14499.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease of mutated and misregulated genes. However, primary prostate tumors have relatively few mutations, and only three genes (
ERG,
PTEN, and
SPOP) are recurrently mutated in more than 10% of primary tumors. On the other hand, metastatic castration-resistant tumors have more mutations, but, with the exception of the androgen receptor gene (
AR), no single gene is altered in more than half of tumors. Structural genomic rearrangements are common, including
ERG fusions, copy gains involving the
MYC locus, and copy losses containing
PTEN. Overall, instead of being associated with a single dominant driver event, prostate tumors display various combinations of modifications in oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This review takes a broad look at the recent advances in PCa research, including understanding the genetic alterations that drive the disease and how specific mutations can sensitize tumors to potential therapies. We begin with an overview of the genomic landscape of primary and metastatic PCa, enabled by recent large-scale sequencing efforts. Advances in three-dimensional cell culture techniques and mouse models for PCa are also discussed, and particular emphasis is placed on the benefits of patient-derived xenograft models. We also review research into understanding how ETS fusions (in particular,
TMPRSS2-ERG) and
SPOP mutations contribute to tumor initiation. Next, we examine the recent findings on the prevalence of germline DNA repair mutations in about 12% of patients with metastatic disease and their potential benefit from the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immune modulation. Lastly, we discuss the recent increased prevalence of AR-negative tumors (neuroendocrine and double-negative) and the current state of immunotherapy in PCa. AR remains the primary clinical target for PCa therapies; however, it does not act alone, and better understanding of supporting mutations may help guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Frank
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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419
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Lawrence MG, Obinata D, Sandhu S, Selth LA, Wong SQ, Porter LH, Lister N, Pook D, Pezaro CJ, Goode DL, Rebello RJ, Clark AK, Papargiris M, Van Gramberg J, Hanson AR, Banks P, Wang H, Niranjan B, Keerthikumar S, Hedwards S, Huglo A, Yang R, Henzler C, Li Y, Lopez-Campos F, Castro E, Toivanen R, Azad A, Bolton D, Goad J, Grummet J, Harewood L, Kourambas J, Lawrentschuk N, Moon D, Murphy DG, Sengupta S, Snow R, Thorne H, Mitchell C, Pedersen J, Clouston D, Norden S, Ryan A, Dehm SM, Tilley WD, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Frydenberg M, Furic L, Taylor RA, Risbridger GP. Patient-derived Models of Abiraterone- and Enzalutamide-resistant Prostate Cancer Reveal Sensitivity to Ribosome-directed Therapy. Eur Urol 2018; 74:562-572. [PMID: 30049486 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intractability of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is exacerbated by tumour heterogeneity, including diverse alterations to the androgen receptor (AR) axis and AR-independent phenotypes. The availability of additional models encompassing this heterogeneity would facilitate the identification of more effective therapies for CRPC. OBJECTIVE To discover therapeutic strategies by exploiting patient-derived models that exemplify the heterogeneity of CRPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Four new patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were established from independent metastases of two patients and characterised using integrative genomics. A panel of rationally selected drugs was tested using an innovative ex vivo PDX culture system. INTERVENTION The following drugs were evaluated: AR signalling inhibitors (enzalutamide and galeterone), a PARP inhibitor (talazoparib), a chemotherapeutic (cisplatin), a CDK4/6 inhibitor (ribociclib), bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors (iBET151 and JQ1), and inhibitors of ribosome biogenesis/function (RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 and pan-PIM kinase inhibitor CX-6258). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Drug efficacy in ex vivo cultures of PDX tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and cleaved caspase-3 levels. Candidate drugs were also tested for antitumour efficacy in vivo, with tumour volume being the primary endpoint. Two-tailed t tests were used to compare drug and control treatments. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Integrative genomics revealed that the new PDXs exhibited heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance, including known and novel AR mutations, genomic structural rearrangements of the AR gene, and a neuroendocrine-like AR-null phenotype. Despite their heterogeneity, all models were sensitive to the combination of ribosome-targeting agents CX-5461 and CX-6258. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ribosome-targeting drugs may be effective against diverse CRPC subtypes including AR-null disease, and highlights the potential of contemporary patient-derived models to prioritise treatment strategies for clinical translation. PATIENT SUMMARY Diverse types of therapy-resistant prostate cancers are sensitive to a new combination of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis pathways in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daisuke Obinata
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Tissue Collection After Death (CASCADE) Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Q Wong
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers and Translational Genomics Lab, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Lister
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel J Pezaro
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Rebello
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Papargiris
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenna Van Gramberg
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrienne R Hanson
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patricia Banks
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Birunthi Niranjan
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shelley Hedwards
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alisee Huglo
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rendong Yang
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yingming Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Elena Castro
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roxanne Toivanen
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun Azad
- Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Grummet
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Harewood
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Moon
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shomik Sengupta
- Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia; Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Epworth Freemasons, Epworth Health, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Snow
- Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; kConFab, Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pedersen
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sam Norden
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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420
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Viswanathan SR, Ha G, Hoff AM, Wala JA, Carrot-Zhang J, Whelan CW, Haradhvala NJ, Freeman SS, Reed SC, Rhoades J, Polak P, Cipicchio M, Wankowicz SA, Wong A, Kamath T, Zhang Z, Gydush GJ, Rotem D, Love JC, Getz G, Gabriel S, Zhang CZ, Dehm SM, Nelson PS, Van Allen EM, Choudhury AD, Adalsteinsson VA, Beroukhim R, Taplin ME, Meyerson M. Structural Alterations Driving Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Revealed by Linked-Read Genome Sequencing. Cell 2018; 174:433-447.e19. [PMID: 29909985 PMCID: PMC6046279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all prostate cancer deaths are from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but there have been few whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies of this disease state. We performed linked-read WGS on 23 mCRPC biopsy specimens and analyzed cell-free DNA sequencing data from 86 patients with mCRPC. In addition to frequent rearrangements affecting known prostate cancer genes, we observed complex rearrangements of the AR locus in most cases. Unexpectedly, these rearrangements include highly recurrent tandem duplications involving an upstream enhancer of AR in 70%-87% of cases compared with <2% of primary prostate cancers. A subset of cases displayed AR or MYC enhancer duplication in the context of a genome-wide tandem duplicator phenotype associated with CDK12 inactivation. Our findings highlight the complex genomic structure of mCRPC, nominate alterations that may inform prostate cancer treatment, and suggest that additional recurrent events in the non-coding mCRPC genome remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R Viswanathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas M Hoff
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher W Whelan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Haradhvala
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C Reed
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie A Wankowicz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tushar Kamath
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Gydush
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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421
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Ghedini GC, Ronca R, Presta M, Giacomini A. Future applications of FGF/FGFR inhibitors in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:861-872. [PMID: 29936878 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1491795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) network occurs frequently in tumors due to gene amplification, activating mutations, and oncogenic fusions. Thus, the development of FGF/FGFR-targeting therapies is the focus of several basic, preclinical, and clinical studies. Areas covered: This review will recapitulate the status of current FGF/FGFR-targeted drugs. Expert commentary: Non-selective FGF/FGFR inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment but evidence highlights various complications affecting their use in the clinical practice. It appears mandatory to identify FGF/FGFR alterations and appropriate biomarkers that may predict and monitor response to treatment, to establish the contribution of the FGF/FGFR system to the onset of mechanisms of drug resistance, and to develop effective combinations of FGF/FGFR inhibitors with other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cristina Ghedini
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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422
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Abstract
The canonical model of RB-mediated tumour suppression developed over the past 30 years is based on the regulation of E2F transcription factors to restrict cell cycle progression. Several additional functions have been proposed for RB, on the basis of which a non-canonical RB pathway can be described. Mechanistically, the non-canonical RB pathway promotes histone modification and regulates chromosome structure in a manner distinct from cell cycle regulation. These functions have implications for chemotherapy response and resistance to targeted anticancer agents. This Opinion offers a framework to guide future studies of RB in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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423
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Bumbaca B, Li W. Taxane resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:518-529. [PMID: 30109177 PMCID: PMC6089846 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its good initial response and significant survival benefit in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), taxane therapy inevitably encounters drug resistance in all patients. Deep understandings of taxane resistant mechanisms can significantly facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome taxane resistance and improve CRPC patient survival. Multiple pathways of resistance have been identified as potentially crucial areas of intervention. First, taxane resistant tumor cells typically have mutated microtubule binding sites, varying tubulin isotype expression, and upregulation of efflux transporters. These mechanisms contribute to reducing binding affinity and availability of taxanes. Second, taxane resistant tumors have increased stem cell like characteristics, indicating higher potential for further mutation in response to therapy. Third, the androgen receptor pathway is instrumental in the proliferation of CRPC and multiple hypotheses leading to this pathway reactivation have been reported. The connection of this pathway to the AKT pathway has received significant attention due to the upregulation of phosphorylated AKT in CRPC. This review highlights recent advances in elucidating taxane resistant mechanisms and summarizes potential therapeutic strategies for improved treatment of CRPC.
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424
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欧 艺, 姜 耀, 李 琦, 庄 永, 党 强, 谭 万. [Infiltrating mast cells promote neuroendocrine differentiation and increase docetaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells by up-regulating p21]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:723-730. [PMID: 29997096 PMCID: PMC6765720 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of infiltrating mast cells on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and docetaxel sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro. METHODS Human PCa cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2) were co-cultured with human mast cell line (HMC-1) in Transwell chambers. Androgen receptor (AR) was silenced in C4-2 cells using sh-AR lentivirus, and p21 was knocked down and overexpressed by transfecting C4-2 cells with pLKO.1-sh-p21 and pCMV-p21, respectively. The morphological changes of LNCaP and C4-2 cells were observed. MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to assess the proliferation of LNCaP and C4-2 cells. CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell viability of C4-2 cells following docetaxel trreatment. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of neuroendocrine markers, AR and p21 in the cells. RESULTS Co-culture with HMC-1 cells enhanced the neuroendocrine phenotypes, inhibited the proliferation and up-regulated the expression of p21 in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. P21 positively regulated NED through a non-AR-dependent signaling pathway, while p21 knockdown partially reversed NED promoted by the mast cells. PCa cells co-cultured with HMC-1 cells showed increased resistance to docetaxel, and silencing p21 partially reversed docetaxel resistance in PCa cells. CONCLUSION Infiltrating mast cells up-regulates p21 to promote NED and increase docetaxel resistance in PCa cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- 艺虹 欧
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 耀东 姜
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 琦 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 永江 庄
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 强 党
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 万龙 谭
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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425
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Puca L, Bareja R, Prandi D, Shaw R, Benelli M, Karthaus WR, Hess J, Sigouros M, Donoghue A, Kossai M, Gao D, Cyrta J, Sailer V, Vosoughi A, Pauli C, Churakova Y, Cheung C, Deonarine LD, McNary TJ, Rosati R, Tagawa ST, Nanus DM, Mosquera JM, Sawyers CL, Chen Y, Inghirami G, Rao RA, Grandori C, Elemento O, Sboner A, Demichelis F, Rubin MA, Beltran H. Patient derived organoids to model rare prostate cancer phenotypes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2404. [PMID: 29921838 PMCID: PMC6008438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hurdle in the study of rare tumors is a lack of existing preclinical models. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is an uncommon and aggressive histologic variant of prostate cancer that may arise de novo or as a mechanism of treatment resistance in patients with pre-existing castration-resistant prostate cancer. There are few available models to study neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Here, we report the generation and characterization of tumor organoids derived from needle biopsies of metastatic lesions from four patients. We demonstrate genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic concordance between organoids and their corresponding patient tumors. We utilize these organoids to understand the biologic role of the epigenetic modifier EZH2 in driving molecular programs associated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer progression. High-throughput organoid drug screening nominated single agents and drug combinations suggesting repurposing opportunities. This proof of principle study represents a strategy for the study of rare cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Puca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Davide Prandi
- Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Reid Shaw
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Wouter R Karthaus
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Judy Hess
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Adam Donoghue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Myriam Kossai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Dong Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joanna Cyrta
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Verena Sailer
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Aram Vosoughi
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yelena Churakova
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Cynthia Cheung
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | | - Terra J McNary
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rachele Rosati
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rema A Rao
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Carla Grandori
- Cure First and SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine,, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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426
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Choudhury AD, Gray KP, Supko JG, Harshman LC, Taplin ME, Pace AF, Farina M, Zukotynski KA, Bernard B, Kantoff PW, Pomerantz M, Sweeney C. A dose finding clinical trial of cabozantinib (XL184) administered in combination with abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:10.1002/pros.23662. [PMID: 29882250 PMCID: PMC6286224 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabozantinib can enhance the effect of abiraterone in preclinical prostate cancer models. This study aimed to define the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and preliminary efficacy of abiraterone + cabozantinib in mCRPC. METHODS Patients with progressive mCRPC with 0-2 prior chemotherapy regimens but no prior CYP17A1 or MET inhibitor received abiraterone acetate at 1000 mg daily with prednisone 5 mg BID in combination with cabozantinib at 20, 40, or 60 mg daily in a dose-escalation 3 + 3 open-label phase 1 design (Part A). After tolerable doses were defined, cohorts were expanded to better define toxicity and efficacy (Part B). RESULTS There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in the first 4 weeks at any of the three dose levels in Part A. Two of the three patients at the 60 mg dose level required dose reductions beyond cycle 2 due to fatigue. In Part B, nine more patients were accrued to each of the 20 and 40 mg doses. Of the 12 patients treated at the 40 mg dose, only one DLT (grade 3 Lipase elevation) was observed in cycle 1. The median time to radiographic progression was 12.88 months (95% CI:5.42- not estimated [NE]) in the 20 mg cohort and 22.01 months (95% CI:15.44-NE) in the 40 mg cohort. Median overall survival was 23.29 months (95% CI:19.06-NE) in the 20 mg cohort and 39.08 months (95% CI:17.38-NE) in the 40 mg cohort. CONCLUSIONS Based on tolerability and preliminary efficacy, 40 mg cabozantinib plus 1000 mg abiraterone daily is the RP2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn P Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lauren C Harshman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Pomerantz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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427
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Utter M, Chakraborty S, Goren L, Feuser L, Zhu YS, Foster DA. Elevated phospholipase D activity in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells promotes both survival and metastatic phenotypes. Cancer Lett 2018; 423:28-35. [PMID: 29524555 PMCID: PMC5901760 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cells are hormonally driven to grow and divide. Typical treatments for prostate cancer involve blocking activation of the androgen receptor by androgens. Androgen deprivation therapy can lead to the selection of cancer cells that grow and divide independently of androgen receptor activation. Prostate cancer cells that are insensitive to androgens commonly display metastatic phenotypes and reduced long-term survival of patients. In this study we provide evidence that androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells have elevated PLD activity relative to the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. PLD activity has been linked with promoting survival in many human cancer cell lines; and consistent with the previous studies, suppression of PLD activity in the prostate cancer cells resulted in apoptotic cell death. Of significance, suppressing the elevated PLD activity in androgen resistant prostate cancer lines also blocked the ability of these cells to migrate and invade Matrigel™. Since survival signals are generally an early event in tumorigenesis, the apparent coupling of survival and metastatic phenotypes implies that metastasis is an earlier event in malignant prostate cancer than generally thought. This finding has implications for screening strategies designed to identify prostate cancers before dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Utter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sohag Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Limor Goren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lucas Feuser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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428
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will examine the taxonomy of PCa subclasses across disease states, explore the relationship among specific alterations, and highlight current clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS Prostate cancer (PCa) is driven by multiple genomic alterations, with distinct patterns and clinical implications. Alterations occurring early in the timeline of the disease define core subtypes of localized, treatment-naive PCa. With time, an increase in number and severity of genomic alterations adds molecular complexity and is associated with progression to metastasis. These later events are not random and are influenced by the underlying subclasses. All the subclasses of localized disease initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but with progression to castrate-resistant PCa (CRPC), mechanisms of resistance against ADT shift the molecular landscape. In CRPC, resistance mechanisms largely define the biology and sub-classification of these cancers, while clinical relevance and opportunities for precision therapy are still being defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri Arora
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, BRB 1452, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, BRB 1452, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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429
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Lam HM, Corey E. Supraphysiological Testosterone Therapy as Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:167. [PMID: 29872642 PMCID: PMC5972313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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430
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Nevedomskaya E, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051359. [PMID: 29734647 PMCID: PMC5983695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs, drug sequences and combinations have improved the outcome of prostate cancer in recent years. The latest approvals include abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide which target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, radium-223 dichloride for reduction of bone metastases, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Adding abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in order to achieve complete androgen blockade has proven highly beneficial for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Also, ADT together with docetaxel treatment showed significant benefit in mHSPC. Ongoing clinical trials for different subgroups of prostate cancer patients include the evaluation of the second-generation AR antagonists enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, of inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, of inhibitors of DNA damage response, of targeted alpha therapy and of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting approaches. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited benefits in prostate cancer and more trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy. The identification of improved, personalized treatments will be much supported by the major progress recently made in the molecular characterization of early- and late-stage prostate cancer using “omics” technologies. This has already led to novel classifications of prostate tumors based on gene expression profiles and mutation status, and should greatly help in the choice of novel targeted therapies best tailored to the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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431
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Kornberg Z, Chou J, Feng FY, Ryan CJ. Prostate cancer in the era of "Omic" medicine: recognizing the importance of DNA damage repair pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:161. [PMID: 29911109 PMCID: PMC5985268 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Data from recent high-throughput studies analyzing local and advanced prostate cancer have revealed an incredible amount of biological diversity, which has led to the classification of distinct molecular tumor subtypes. While integrating prostate cancer genomics with clinical medicine is still at its infancy, new approaches to treat prostate cancer are well underway and being studied. With the recognition that DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease, clinicians can begin to utilize genomic information in complex treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients. In this Review, we discuss the role of DDR mutations in prostate cancer, including deficiencies in homologous repair and mismatch repair (MMR), and how this information is revolutionizing the treatment landscape. In addition, we highlight the potential resistance mechanisms that may result as we begin to target these pathways in isolation and discuss potential combinatorial approaches that may delay or overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Kornberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles J. Ryan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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432
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Hao Y, Bjerke GA, Pietrzak K, Melhuish TA, Han Y, Turner SD, Frierson HF, Wotton D. TGFβ signaling limits lineage plasticity in prostate cancer. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007409. [PMID: 29782499 PMCID: PMC5983872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although treatment options for localized prostate cancer (CaP) are initially effective, the five-year survival for metastatic CaP is below 30%. Mutation or deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor is a frequent event in metastatic CaP, and inactivation of the transforming growth factor (TGF) ß signaling pathway is associated with more advanced disease. We previously demonstrated that mouse models of CaP based on inactivation of Pten and the TGFß type II receptor (Tgfbr2) rapidly become invasive and metastatic. Here we show that mouse prostate tumors lacking Pten and Tgfbr2 have higher expression of stem cell markers and genes indicative of basal epithelial cells, and that basal cell proliferation is increased compared to Pten mutants. To better model the primarily luminal phenotype of human CaP we mutated Pten and Tgfbr2 specifically in luminal cells, and found that these tumors also progress to invasive and metastatic cancer. Accompanying the transition to invasive cancer we observed de-differentiation of luminal tumor cells to an intermediate cell type with both basal and luminal markers, as well as differentiation to basal cells. Proliferation rates in these de-differentiated cells were lower than in either basal or luminal cells. However, de-differentiated cells account for the majority of cells in micro-metastases consistent with a preferential contribution to metastasis. We suggest that active TGFß signaling limits lineage plasticity in prostate luminal cells, and that de-differentiation of luminal tumor cells can drive progression to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Glen A. Bjerke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tiffany A. Melhuish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Turner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Henry F. Frierson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - David Wotton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
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433
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Sainio M, Visakorpi T, Tolonen T, Ilvesaro J, Bova GS. Expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers in lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:848-856. [PMID: 29728311 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is a common phenomenon in prostate cancer, and it has been associated with poor prognosis in some studies of primary prostate cancer. Incidence and patterns of NED in metastatic prostate cancer sites have not been examined widely. In this study, we studied expression of three commonly used markers of NED (chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin) in 89 metastases from 31 men that died of castration-resistant prostate cancer and underwent rapid autopsy, and in 89 hormone-naïve primary tumors removed by radical prostatectomy. In addition, we examined NED association with androgen receptor, ERG and Ki-67 expression in metastatic tumor sites. Morphologically, 1 of 31 cases was classified as small cell carcinoma, and the remaining 30 were classified as usual prostate adenocarcinoma using a recently proposed classification of prostate cancers with NED. Metastases showed more expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin compared to prostatectomies (6.3% of cells vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001 and 4.0% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001, respectively). At least focal expression of one of the markers was seen in 78% of metastases. Strong expression was relatively uncommon, seen in 3/89 (chromogranin A), 8/89 (neuron specific enolase), and 5/89 (synaptophysin) metastases. Expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin correlated with each other (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), but expression of neuron specific enolase did not correlate with the two other markers. Extent of NED varied significantly between different metastatic sites in individual patients. Absent androgen receptor expression was associated with strong expression of chromogranin A (p = .02) and neuron specific enolase (p = .02), but not with focal expression of any marker. No clear association was found between expression of NE markers and ERG or Ki-67. In conclusion, NED is a common and heterogeneous phenomenon in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. NED is more often present in castration-resistant prostate cancer compared to hormone-naïve disease, and it is associated with androgen receptor negativity. More research is needed to understand significance of NED in the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Sainio
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.
| | - Teemu Tolonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Joanna Ilvesaro
- Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - G Steven Bova
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.
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434
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Systemic surfaceome profiling identifies target antigens for immune-based therapy in subtypes of advanced prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4473-E4482. [PMID: 29686080 PMCID: PMC5949005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802354115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a deadly disease made up of multiple cancer subtypes that evolve during its natural history. Unfortunately, antibody- and cell-based therapies in development that target single tumor antigens found in conventional prostate cancer do not account for this heterogeneity. Here, we show that two major subtypes of advanced prostate cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma (PrAd) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), exhibit distinct cell-surface expression profiles. Integrated analysis of gene expression and cell-surface protein expression of prostate cancer nominated multiple subtype-specific cell-surface antigens. We specifically characterize FXYD3 and CEACAM5 as targets for immune-based therapies in PrAd and NEPC and provide preliminary evidence of the antigen-specific cytotoxic activity of CEACAM5-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells in NEPC. Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of divergent molecular and histologic subtypes, including prostate adenocarcinoma (PrAd) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). While PrAd is the major histology in prostate cancer, NEPC can evolve from PrAd as a mechanism of treatment resistance that involves a transition from an epithelial to a neurosecretory cancer phenotype. Cell surface markers are often associated with specific cell lineages and differentiation states in normal development and cancer. Here, we show that PrAd and NEPC can be broadly discriminated by cell-surface profiles based on the analysis of prostate cancer gene expression datasets. To overcome a dependence on predictions of human cell-surface genes and an assumed correlation between mRNA levels and protein expression, we integrated transcriptomic and cell-surface proteomic data generated from a panel of prostate cancer cell lines to nominate cell-surface markers associated with these cancer subtypes. FXYD3 and CEACAM5 were validated as cell-surface antigens enriched in PrAd and NEPC, respectively. Given the lack of effective treatments for NEPC, CEACAM5 appeared to be a promising target for cell-based immunotherapy. As a proof of concept, engineered chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CEACAM5 induced antigen-specific cytotoxicity in NEPC cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that the surfaceomes of PrAd and NEPC reflect unique cancer differentiation states and broadly represent vulnerabilities amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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435
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LSD1: A single target to combat lineage plasticity in lethal prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4530-4531. [PMID: 29666280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804205115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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436
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Lee AR, Che N, Lovnicki JM, Dong X. Development of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancers by the Ser/Arg Repetitive Matrix 4-Mediated RNA Splicing Network. Front Oncol 2018; 8:93. [PMID: 29666783 PMCID: PMC5891588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the use of next-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibition (ARPI) therapy has significantly increased the survival of patients with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPC), several groups have reported a treatment-resistant mechanism, whereby cancer cells can become androgen receptor (AR) indifferent and gain a neuroendocrine (NE)-like phenotype. This subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer has been termed "treatment-induced castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer" (CRPC-NE). Recent reports indicate that the overall genomic landscapes of castration-resistant tumors with AdPC phenotypes and CRPC-NE are not significantly altered. However, CRPC-NE tumors have been found to contain a NE-specific pattern throughout their epigenome and splicing transcriptome, which are significantly modified. The molecular mechanisms by which CRPC-NE develops remain unclear, but several factors have been implicated in the progression of the disease. Recently, Ser/Arg repetitive matrix 4 (SRRM4), a neuronal-specific RNA splicing factor that is upregulated in CRPC-NE tumors, has been shown to establish a CRPC-NE-unique splicing transcriptome, to induce a NE-like morphology in AdPC cells, and, most importantly, to transform AdPC cells into CRPC-NE xenografts under ARPI. Moreover, the SRRM4-targeted splicing genes are highly enriched in various neuronal processes, suggesting their roles in facilitating a CRPC-NE program. This article will address the importance of SRRM4-mediated alternative RNA splicing in reprogramming translated proteins to facilitate NE differentiation, survival, and proliferation of cells to establish CRPC-NE tumors. In addition, we will discuss the potential roles of SRRM4 in conjunction with other known pathways and factors important for CRPC-NE development, such as the AR pathway, TP53 and RB1 genes, the FOXA family of proteins, and environmental factors. This study aims to explore the multifaceted functions of SRRM4 and SRRM4-mediated splicing in driving a CRPC-NE program as a coping mechanism for therapy resistance, as well as define future SRRM4-targeted therapeutic approaches for treating CRPC-NE or mitigating its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahn R Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Che
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica M Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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437
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Mitobe Y, Takayama KI, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Prostate cancer-associated lncRNAs. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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438
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Patel R, Fleming J, Mui E, Loveridge C, Repiscak P, Blomme A, Harle V, Salji M, Ahmad I, Teo K, Hamdy FC, Hedley A, van den Broek N, Mackay G, Edwards J, Sansom OJ, Leung HY. Sprouty2 loss-induced IL6 drives castration-resistant prostate cancer through scavenger receptor B1. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8347. [PMID: 29540470 PMCID: PMC5887544 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal form of treatment-resistant prostate cancer and poses significant therapeutic challenges. Deregulated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling mediated by loss of tumour suppressor Sprouty2 (SPRY2) is associated with treatment resistance. Using pre-clinical human and murine mCRPC models, we show that SPRY2 deficiency leads to an androgen self-sufficient form of CRPC Mechanistically, HER2-IL6 signalling axis enhances the expression of androgen biosynthetic enzyme HSD3B1 and increases SRB1-mediated cholesterol uptake in SPRY2-deficient tumours. Systemically, IL6 elevated the levels of circulating cholesterol by inducing host adipose lipolysis and hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. SPRY2-deficient CRPC is dependent on cholesterol bioavailability and SRB1-mediated tumoral cholesterol uptake for androgen biosynthesis. Importantly, treatment with ITX5061, a clinically safe SRB1 antagonist, decreased treatment resistance. Our results indicate that cholesterol transport blockade may be effective against SPRY2-deficient CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest Mui
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Salji
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katy Teo
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hing Y Leung
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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439
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Soundararajan R, Aparicio AM, Logothetis CJ, Mani SA, Maity SN. Function of Tumor Suppressors in Resistance to Antiandrogen Therapy and Luminal Epithelial Plasticity of Aggressive Variant Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 29600194 PMCID: PMC5862804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined loss of tumor suppressors (TSPs), PTEN, TP53, and RB1, is highly associated with small cell carcinoma of prostate phenotype. Recent genomic studies of human tumors as well as analyses in mouse genetic models have revealed a unique role for these TSPs in dictating epithelial lineage plasticity-a phenomenon that plays a critical role in the development of aggressive variant prostate cancer (PCa) and associated androgen therapy resistance. Here, we summarize recently published key observations on this topic and hypothesize a possible mechanism by which concurrent loss of TSPs could potentially regulate the PCa disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ana M. Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sendurai A. Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sankar N. Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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440
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Davies AH, Beltran H, Zoubeidi A. Cellular plasticity and the neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2018; 15:271-286. [PMID: 29460922 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2018.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The success of next-generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, in treating prostate cancer has been hampered by the emergence of drug resistance. This acquired drug resistance is driven, in part, by the ability of prostate cancer cells to change their phenotype to adopt AR-independent pathways for growth and survival. Around one-quarter of resistant prostate tumours comprise cells that have undergone cellular reprogramming to become AR-independent and to acquire a continuum of neuroendocrine characteristics. These highly aggressive and lethal tumours, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), exhibit reactivation of developmental programmes that are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and acquisition of stem-like cell properties. In the past few years, our understanding of the link between lineage plasticity and an emergent NEPC phenotype has considerably increased. This new knowledge can contribute to novel therapeutic modalities that are likely to improve the treatment and clinical management of aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair H Davies
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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441
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Ramroop JR, Stein MN, Drake JM. Impact of Phosphoproteomics in the Era of Precision Medicine for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:28. [PMID: 29503809 PMCID: PMC5820335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the United States. While androgen deprivation therapy results in tumor responses initially, there is relapse and progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Currently, all prostate cancer patients receive essentially the same treatment, and there is a need for clinically applicable technologies to provide predictive biomarkers toward personalized therapies. Genomic analyses of tumors are used for clinical applications, but with a paucity of obvious driver mutations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, other applications, such as phosphoproteomics, may complement this approach. Immunohistochemistry and reverse phase protein arrays are limited by the availability of reliable antibodies and evaluates a preselected number of targets. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics has been used to profile tumors consisting of thousands of phosphopeptides from individual patients after surgical resection or at autopsy. However, this approach is time consuming, and while a large number of candidate phosphopeptides are obtained for evaluation, limitations are reduced reproducibility, sensitivity, and precision. Targeted mass spectrometry can help eliminate these limitations and is more cost effective and less time consuming making it a practical platform for future clinical testing. In this review, we discuss the use of phosphoproteomics in prostate cancer and other clinical cancer tissues for target identification, hypothesis testing, and possible patient stratification. We highlight the majority of studies that have used phosphoproteomics in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines and propose ways forward to apply this approach in basic and clinical research. Overall, the implementation of phosphoproteomics via targeted mass spectrometry has tremendous potential to aid in the development of more rational, personalized therapies that will result in increased survival and quality of life enhancement in patients suffering from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny R. Ramroop
- Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mark N. Stein
- Developmental Therapeutics/Phase I Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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442
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Li Q, Ingram L, Kim S, Beharry Z, Cooper JA, Cai H. Paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor Initiates Oncogenic Synergy with Epithelial FGFR/Src Transformation in Prostate Tumor Progression. Neoplasia 2018; 20:233-243. [PMID: 29444487 PMCID: PMC5814375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross talk of stromal-epithelial cells plays an essential role in both normal development and tumor initiation and progression. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-FGF receptor (FGFR)-Src kinase axis is one of the major signal transduction pathways to mediate this cross talk. Numerous genomic studies have demonstrated that expression levels of FGFR/Src are deregulated in a variety of cancers including prostate cancer; however, the role that paracrine FGF (from stromal cells) plays in dysregulated expression of epithelial FGFRs/Src and tumor progression in vivo is not well evaluated. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of wild-type FGFR1/2 or Src kinase in epithelial cells was not sufficient to initiate prostate tumorigenesis under a normal stromal microenvironment in vivo. However, paracrine FGF10 synergized with ectopic expression of epithelial FGFR1 or FGFR2 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, paracrine FGF10 sensitized FGFR2-transformed epithelial cells to initiate prostate tumorigenesis. Next, paracrine FGF10 also synergized with overexpression of epithelial Src kinase to high-grade tumors. But loss of the myristoylation site in Src kinase inhibited paracrine FGF10-induced prostate tumorigenesis. Loss of myristoylation alters Src levels in the cell membrane and inhibited FGF-mediated signaling including inhibition of the phosphotyrosine pattern and FAK phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates the potential tumor progression by simultaneous deregulation of proteins in the FGF/FGFRs/Src signal axis and provides a therapeutic strategy of targeting myristoylation of Src kinase to interfere with the tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lishann Ingram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965
| | | | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
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443
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Sahin I, Mega AE, Carneiro BA. Androgen receptor-independent prostate cancer: an emerging clinical entity. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:347-348. [PMID: 29333925 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1423926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy remains the backbone of prostate cancer treatment given its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The growing knowledge of androgen receptor-independent (i.e. AR-null) prostate cancer cells, however, might advance the treatment paradigm of prostate cancer. Here, we examined the results of two recent studies, published in Cancer Cell by Bluemn and Shukla et al., and their impact in the future management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Sahin
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Anthony E Mega
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- a Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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444
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Sheahan AV, Ellis L. Epigenetic reprogramming: A key mechanism driving therapeutic resistance. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:375-379. [PMID: 29395951 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer initiation, development and progression is driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Androgen deprivation therapy is the primary treatment for patients that present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. However, androgen deprivation therapy is not curative, and patients will progress to castrate-resistant disease (CRPC). Although most patient's progress to CRPC via restoration of AR signaling (CRPC-Ad), approximately a quarter of patients will progress via mechanisms independent of AR signaling. This highly lethal phenotype is termed aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC). Data from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate that AVPC involves combinatorial loss-of-function mutations in key tumor suppressor genes, low to absent AR levels, and re-expression of reprogramming, stem, and neuroendocrine related gene signatures. Further, AVPC is shown to evolve from a CRPC-Ad phenotype. Overall, lineage plasticity underlying progression to AVPC is thought to be provoked by genome-wide chromatin remodeling. Here, we will discuss an emerging focus on key drivers of chromatin remodeling in AVPC, and how their identification could provide noninvasive biomarkers to predict or detect AVPC emergence, and therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse progression to AVPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali V Sheahan
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.
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445
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Narayanan R, Ponnusamy S, Miller DD. Destroying the androgen receptor (AR)-potential strategy to treat advanced prostate cancer. Oncoscience 2017; 4:175-177. [PMID: 29344555 PMCID: PMC5769981 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duane D Miller
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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446
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Brennen WN, Isaacs JT. Cellular Origin of Androgen Receptor Pathway-Independent Prostate Cancer and Implications for Therapy. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:399-401. [PMID: 29017052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Bluemn et al. report that ∼20% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers express neither AR nor neuroendocrine genes and show AR pathway-independent growth, driven instead by a FGFR/MAPK/ID1 signaling cascade. These results provide a strong rationale for co-targeting AR bypass pathways with initial AR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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