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Khaled ML, Ren Y, Kundalia R, Alhaddad H, Chen Z, Wallace GC, Evernden B, Ospina OE, Hall M, Liu M, Darville LN, Izumi V, Chen YA, Pilon-Thomas S, Stewart PA, Koomen JM, Corallo SA, Jain MD, Robinson TJ, Locke FL, Forsyth PA, Smalley I. Branched-chain keto acids promote an immune-suppressive and neurodegenerative microenvironment in leptomeningeal disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572239. [PMID: 38187773 PMCID: PMC10769272 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) occurs when tumors seed into the leptomeningeal space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to severe neurological deterioration and poor survival outcomes. We utilized comprehensive multi-omics analyses of CSF from patients with lymphoma LMD to demonstrate an immunosuppressive cellular microenvironment and identified dysregulations in proteins and lipids indicating neurodegenerative processes. Strikingly, we found a significant accumulation of toxic branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) in the CSF of patients with LMD. The BCKA accumulation was found to be a pan-cancer occurrence, evident in lymphoma, breast cancer, and melanoma LMD patients. Functionally, BCKA disrupted the viability and function of endogenous T lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, neurons, and meningeal cells. Treatment of LMD mice with BCKA-reducing sodium phenylbutyrate significantly improved neurological function, survival outcomes, and efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy. This is the first report of BCKA accumulation in LMD and provides preclinical evidence that targeting these toxic metabolites improves outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Lotfy Khaled
- The Department of Metabolism and Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yuan Ren
- The Department of Metabolism and Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ronak Kundalia
- The Department of Metabolism and Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- The Department of Metabolism and Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gerald C. Wallace
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center at Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Evernden
- Department of Neuro Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Oscar E. Ospina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - MacLean Hall
- Department of Immunology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Min Liu
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lancia N.F. Darville
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Izumi
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y. Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul A. Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John M. Koomen
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Salvatore A. Corallo
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael D. Jain
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J. Robinson
- Therapeutic Radiology, Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven, 35 Park Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fredrick L. Locke
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter A. Forsyth
- Department of Neuro Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Inna Smalley
- The Department of Metabolism and Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
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Jukić I, Kolobarić N, Stupin A, Matić A, Kozina N, Mihaljević Z, Mihalj M, Šušnjara P, Stupin M, Ćurić ŽB, Selthofer-Relatić K, Kibel A, Lukinac A, Kolar L, Kralik G, Kralik Z, Széchenyi A, Jozanović M, Galović O, Medvidović-Kosanović M, Drenjančević I. Carnosine, Small but Mighty-Prospect of Use as Functional Ingredient for Functional Food Formulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1037. [PMID: 34203479 PMCID: PMC8300828 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is present in all vertebrates. Carnosine has a number of beneficial antioxidant properties. For example, carnosine scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes created by peroxidation of fatty acid cell membranes during oxidative stress. Carnosine can oppose glycation, and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by protecting podocyte and mesangial cells, and can slow down aging. Its component, the amino acid beta-alanine, is particularly interesting as a dietary supplement for athletes because it increases muscle carnosine, and improves effectiveness of exercise and stimulation and contraction in muscles. Carnosine is widely used among athletes in the form of supplements, but rarely in the population of cardiovascular or diabetic patients. Much less is known, if any, about its potential use in enriched food. In the present review, we aimed to provide recent knowledge on carnosine properties and distribution, its metabolism (synthesis and degradation), and analytical methods for carnosine determination, since one of the difficulties is the measurement of carnosine concentration in human samples. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of carnosine's biological effects in musculature, metabolism and on immunomodulation are discussed. Finally, this review provides a section on carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food and potential health benefits and up to the present, neglected clinical use of carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Nataša Kozina
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Breškić Ćurić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Vinkovci, Zvonarska 57, HR-32100 Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Lukinac
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Kolar
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vukovar General Hospital, HR-32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Nutricin j.d.o.o. Darda, HR-31326 Darda, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Széchenyi
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Jozanović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olivera Galović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Medvidović-Kosanović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
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Mulica P, Grünewald A, Pereira SL. Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668517. [PMID: 34025580 PMCID: PMC8138625 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Indeed, both pathologies involve instances of hypometabolism of glucose and oxygen in the brain causing mitochondrial dysfunction, energetic failure and oxidative stress. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, which play a key role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism, might contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exploring how the neuro-supportive role of astrocytes may be impaired in the context of these disorders has great therapeutic potential. In the following, we will discuss some of the so far identified features underlining the astrocyte-neuron metabolic crosstalk. Thereby, special focus will be given to the role of mitochondria. Furthermore, we will report on recent advancements concerning iPSC-derived models used to unravel the metabolic contribution of astrocytes to neuronal demise. Finally, we discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes could contribute to inflammatory signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Gwanyanya A, Godsmark CN, Kelly-Laubscher R. Ethanolamine: A Potential Promoiety with Additional Effects in the Brain. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 21:108-117. [PMID: 33319663 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999201211204645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolamine is a bioactive molecule found in several cells, including those in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, ethanolamine and ethanolamine-related molecules have emerged as prodrug moieties that can promote drug movement across the blood-brain barrier. This improvement in the ability to target drugs to the brain may also mean that in the process ethanolamine concentrations in the brain are increased enough for ethanolamine to exert its own neurological ac-tions. Ethanolamine and its associated products have various positive functions ranging from cell signaling to molecular storage, and alterations in their levels have been linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. This mini-review focuses on the effects of ethanolamine in the CNS and highlights the possible implications of these effects for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfree Gwanyanya
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,. South Africa
| | - Christie Nicole Godsmark
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork,. Ireland
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork,. Ireland
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Cerebrospinal and blood levels of amino acids as potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease: review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2336-2347. [PMID: 32777152 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the possible value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum/plasma levels of amino acids as markers of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS This is a review of four databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science - Core Collection) from 1966 to 14 March 2020, with identification of references of interest for the topic. The meta-analysis of eligible studies was done using R software package meta, following the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. RESULTS Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, PD patients showed decreased CSF levels of glutamate and taurine and increased CSF levels of tyrosine; decreased serum/plasma levels of aspartate, serine, tryptophan and lysine, and increased serum/plasma proline and homocysteine levels. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations of this study due to the important variability of results between different series, our findings suggest the value of CSF or serum/plasma levels of several amino acids in the discrimination of PD patients from healthy subjects, related to the levels of some amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Madrid, Spain
| | - E García-Martín
- UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J A G Agúndez
- UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
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Sonninen TM, Hämäläinen RH, Koskuvi M, Oksanen M, Shakirzyanova A, Wojciechowski S, Puttonen K, Naumenko N, Goldsteins G, Laham-Karam N, Lehtonen M, Tavi P, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen Š. Metabolic alterations in Parkinson's disease astrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14474. [PMID: 32879386 PMCID: PMC7468111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson`s disease (PD), the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is associated with Lewy bodies arising from the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein which leads ultimately to movement impairment. While PD has been considered a disease of the DA neurons, a glial contribution, in particular that of astrocytes, in PD pathogenesis is starting to be uncovered. Here, we report findings from astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of LRRK2 G2019S mutant patients, with one patient also carrying a GBA N370S mutation, as well as healthy individuals. The PD patient astrocytes manifest the hallmarks of the disease pathology including increased expression of alpha-synuclein. This has detrimental consequences, resulting in altered metabolism, disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and increased release of cytokines upon inflammatory stimulation. Furthermore, PD astroglial cells manifest increased levels of polyamines and polyamine precursors while lysophosphatidylethanolamine levels are decreased, both of these changes have been reported also in PD brain. Collectively, these data reveal an important role for astrocytes in PD pathology and highlight the potential of iPSC-derived cells in disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli-Maria Sonninen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka H Hämäläinen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Koskuvi
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Oksanen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Puttonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Ethanolamine and Phosphatidylethanolamine: Partners in Health and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4829180. [PMID: 28785375 PMCID: PMC5529665 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4829180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant phospholipid in mammalian cells. PE comprises about 15–25% of the total lipid in mammalian cells; it is enriched in the inner leaflet of membranes, and it is especially abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane. PE has quite remarkable activities: it is a lipid chaperone that assists in the folding of certain membrane proteins, it is required for the activity of several of the respiratory complexes, and it plays a key role in the initiation of autophagy. In this review, we focus on PE's roles in lipid-induced stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Parkinson's disease (PD), ferroptosis, and cancer.
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8
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Exploring the power of yeast to model aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Biogerontology 2016; 18:3-34. [PMID: 27804052 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process determined by molecular, cellular and systemic factors and it is well established that advancing age is a leading risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, the close association of aging and neurodegenerative disorders has placed aging as the greatest social and economic challenge of the 21st century, and age-related diseases have also become a key priority for countries worldwide. The growing need to better understand both aging and neurodegenerative processes has led to the development of simple eukaryotic models amenable for mechanistic studies. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be an unprecedented experimental model to study the fundamental aspects of aging and to decipher the intricacies of neurodegenerative disorders greatly because the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. Moreover, yeast offers several methodological advantages allowing a rapid and relatively easy way of establishing gene-protein-function associations. Here we review different aging theories, common cellular pathways driving aging and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the major contributions of yeast to the state-of-art knowledge in both research fields.
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9
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Wang S, Zhang S, Xu C, Barron A, Galiano F, Patel D, Lee YJ, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA, Witt SN. Chemical Compensation of Mitochondrial Phospholipid Depletion in Yeast and Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164465. [PMID: 27736935 PMCID: PMC5063346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have been investigating the role that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) content plays in modulating the solubility of the Parkinson’s disease protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. One enzyme that synthesizes PE is the conserved enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (Psd1/yeast; PSD-1/worms), which is lodged in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We previously found that decreasing the level of PE due to knockdown of Psd1/psd-1 affects the homeostasis of α-syn in vivo. In S. cerevisiae, the co-occurrence of low PE and α-syn in psd1Δ cells triggers mitochondrial defects, stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, misprocessing of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, and a 3-fold increase in the level of α-syn. The goal of this study was to identify drugs that rescue this phenotype. We screened the Prestwick library of 1121 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs using psd1Δ + α-syn cells and identified cyclosporin A, meclofenoxate hydrochloride, and sulfaphenazole as putative protective compounds. The protective activity of these drugs was corroborated using C. elegans in which α-syn is expressed specifically in the dopaminergic neurons, with psd-1 depleted by RNAi. Worm populations were examined for dopaminergic neuron survival following psd-1 knockdown. Exposure to cyclosporine, meclofenoxate, and sulfaphenazole significantly enhanced survival at day 7 in α-syn-expressing worm populations whereby 50–55% of the populations displayed normal neurons, compared to only 10–15% of untreated animals. We also found that all three drugs rescued worms expressing α-syn in dopaminergic neurons that were deficient in the phospholipid cardiolipin following cardiolipin synthase (crls-1) depletion by RNAi. We discuss how these drugs might block α-syn pathology in dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Addie Barron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Floyd Galiano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Yong Joo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Guy A. Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Kim A. Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephan N. Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Hatano T, Saiki S, Okuzumi A, Mohney RP, Hattori N. Identification of novel biomarkers for Parkinson's disease by metabolomic technologies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:295-301. [PMID: 25795009 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) involves complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Metabolomics can shed light on alterations in metabolic pathways in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the candidate metabolic pathway(s) associated with PD. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 35 individuals with idiopathic PD without dementia and 15 healthy age-matched control participants without PD. This analysis used a combination of three independent platforms: ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) optimised for basic species, UPLC/MS/MS optimised for acidic species and gas chromatography/MS (GC/MS). RESULTS The metabolomic profiles of PD were clearly different from normal controls. PD profiles had significantly lower levels of tryptophan, caffeine and its metabolites, bilirubin and ergothioneine, and significantly higher levels of levodopa metabolites and biliverdin than those of normal controls. Alterations in the bilirubin/biliverdin ratio and ergothioneine can indicate oxidative stress intensity and may suggest elevated oxidative stress and/or insufficient ability for scavenging free radicals, which could contribute to PD pathogenesis. Decreased serum tryptophan level is associated with psychiatric problems in PD. A decrease in serum caffeine levels is consistent with an inverse association of caffeine consumption with development of PD based on past epidemiological studies. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis detected biomarkers associated with PD pathogenesis and disease progression. Since critical metabolic biomarkers need to be identified in PD, future studies should include assay validation and replication in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Akanda MR, Sohail M, Aziz MA, Kawde AN. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical studies in patients with Parkinson's disease: toward a potential search for biomarkers for this disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:369. [PMID: 25426023 PMCID: PMC4227512 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier supplies brain tissues with nutrients and filters certain compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream. In several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), there are disruptions of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been widely investigated in PD and in other parkinsonian syndromes with the aim of establishing useful biomarkers for an accurate differential diagnosis among these syndromes. This review article summarizes the studies reported on CSF levels of many potential biomarkers of PD. The most consistent findings are: (a) the possible role of CSF urate on the progression of the disease; (b) the possible relations of CSF total tau and phosphotau protein with the progression of PD and with the preservation of cognitive function in PD patients; (c) the possible value of CSF beta-amyloid 1-42 as a useful marker of further cognitive decline in PD patients, and (d) the potential usefulness of CSF neurofilament (NFL) protein levels in the differential diagnosis between PD and other parkinsonian syndromes. Future multicentric, longitudinal, prospective studies with long-term follow-up and neuropathological confirmation would be useful in establishing appropriate biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
- AMGenomicsCáceres, Spain
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- AMGenomicsCáceres, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
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13
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Phosphatidylethanolamine deficiency disrupts α-synuclein homeostasis in yeast and worm models of Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3976-85. [PMID: 25201965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411694111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, which is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, synthesizes phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and, in some cells, synthesizes the majority of this important phospholipid. Normal levels of PE can decline with age in the brain. Here we used yeast and worms to test the hypothesis that low levels of PE alter the homeostasis of the Parkinson disease-associated protein α-synuclein (α-syn). In yeast, low levels of PE in the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase deletion mutant (psd1Δ) cause decreased respiration, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a defect in the trafficking of the uracil permease, α-syn accumulation and foci, and a slow growth phenotype. Supplemental ethanolamine (ETA), which can be converted to PE via the Kennedy pathway enzymes in the ER, had no effect on respiration, whereas, in contrast, this metabolite partially eliminated ER stress, decreased α-syn foci formation, and restored growth close to that of wild-type cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, RNAi depletion of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in dopaminergic neurons expressing α-syn accelerates neurodegeneration, which supplemental ETA rescues. ETA fails to rescue this degeneration in worms that undergo double RNAi depletion of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (psd-1) and choline/ETA phosphotransferase (cept-1), which encodes the last enzyme in the CDP-ETA Kennedy pathway. This finding suggests that ETA exerts its protective effect by boosting PE through the Kennedy pathway. Overall, a low level of PE causes ER stress, disrupts vesicle trafficking, and causes α-syn to accumulate; such cells likely die from a combination of ER stress and excessive accumulation of α-syn.
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14
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Prasad BB, Prasad A, Tiwari MP. Highly selective and sensitive analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid using a new molecularly imprinted polymer modified at the surface of abrasively immobilized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on pencil graphite electrode. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Mally J, Szalai G, Stone TW. Changes in the concentration of amino acids in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1997; 151:159-62. [PMID: 9349670 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of sixteen amino acids have been measured in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Parkinson's disease and compared with those of control subjects. The levels of most amino acids were not different between the two groups, but the level of glutamate in CSF was decreased significantly, while the level of glutamine was increased. The results may be consistent with an alteration of glutamate neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mally
- Department of Neurology, Erzsebet Korhaz, Sopron, Hungary.
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16
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Molina JA, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gomez P, Vargas C, Navarro JA, Ortí-Pareja M, Gasalla T, Benito-León J, Bermejo F, Arenas J. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of neutral and basic amino acids in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1997; 150:123-7. [PMID: 9268238 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured the CSF levels of 21, and the plasma levels of 26, amino acids in 31 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in 45 matched controls. We used an ion-exchange chromatography method. When compared to controls, PD patients had lower CSF levels of taurine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, ethanolamine, citrulline, ornithine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid. PD patients not treated with levodopa or with dopamine agonists had higher CSF tyrosine and phenylalanine levels than those not treated with these drugs and also than controls. PD patients had higher plasma levels of phosphoserine, threonine, methionine, tyrosine, sarcosine and alpha-aminoadipic acid, and lower plasma levels of valine, leucine, and tryptophan, than controls. The CSF/plasma ratio of many of these amino acids was significantly lower in PD patients than those of controls, suggesting that PD patients might have a dysfunction in the transport of neutral and basic amino acids across the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Molina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Molina JA, Vargas C, Gómez P, Navarro JA, Benito-León J, Ortí-Pareja M, Gasalla T, Cisneros E, Arenas J. Neurotransmitter amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1996; 141:39-44. [PMID: 8880690 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(96)00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We measured the CSF and plasma levels of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate (only in plasma), asparagine, glutamine, glycine and GABA in 31 patients with Parkinson's disease and in 45 matched controls. We used an ion-exchange chromatography method. When compared to controls, PD patients had similar CSF levels of glutamate, glutamine, asparagine, and glycine higher CSF GABA levels higher plasma levels of glutamine, asparagine, and glycine, and lower plasma levels of aspartate. The CSF levels of the amino acids measured were not correlated with the clinical features of PD. Our results that CSF GABA levels are not decreased in PD as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Jiménez-Jiménez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Molina JA, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Navarro JA, Vargas C, Gómez P, Benito-León J, Ortí-Pareja M, Cisneros E, Arenas J. Cerebrospinal fluid nitrate levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1996; 93:123-6. [PMID: 8741130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that nitric oxide could be implicated in the neuronal degeneration of substantia nigra compacta in patients with Parkinson's disease. Recently, it has been reported decreased CSF nitrate levels (oxidation product that provides an indirect estimation of nitric oxide) in Parkinson's disease patients, assessed with a colorimetric method. We studied the CSF and plasma levels of nitrate with a kinetic cadmium-reduction method in 31 Parkinson's disease patients and 38 matched controls. The CSF and plasma nitrate levels were not correlated either in patient or in the control group, and they did not differ significantly between the two study groups. They were not influenced significantly by antiparkinsonian drugs in patients, although there was a trend for CSF nitrate levels to be higher in patients treated with levodopa or with dopamine agonists. CSF and plasma nitrate levels did not correlate with age at onset, duration, scores of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scales and Hoehn & Yahr staging in the patients group. These date suggest that CSF and plasma levels of nitrate are apparently unrelated with the risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Molina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Abstract
We report a case of cystinuria and glutamic aciduria, presenting with progressive cerebellar manifestations. She had cerebellar type dysarthria and limb ataxia. Head MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy. Urinary amino acid analysis showed excessive excretion of glutamate and the dibasic amino acids (cystine, arginine, lysine, and ornithine). Cystine and glutamic acid are thought to be transported in a common membrane transport system. Reduction of glutamic acid and cystine in the cerebrospinal fluid was revealed. A relationship between cystinuria and cerebellar manifestation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawada
- Department of Neurology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Rothstein JD, Tsai G, Kuncl RW, Clawson L, Cornblath DR, Drachman DB, Pestronk A, Stauch BL, Coyle JT. Abnormal excitatory amino acid metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1990; 28:18-25. [PMID: 2375630 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410280106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate was implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of chronic degenerative neurological diseases in humans and animals. This report describes abnormalities in excitatory amino acids in the central nervous system of 18 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The concentration of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in the cerebrospinal fluid were increased significantly (p less than 0.01) by 100 to 200% in patients with ALS. Similarly, the concentrations of the excitatory neuropeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamate and its metabolite, N-acetyl-aspartate, were elevated twofold to threefold in the cerebrospinal fluid from the patients. There was no relationship between amino acid concentrations and duration of disease, clinical impairment, or patient age. In the ventral horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord, the level of N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate was decreased by 60% (p less than 0.05) and 40% (p less than 0.05), respectively, in 8 patients with ALS. Choline acetyltransferase activity was also diminished by 35% in the ventral horn consistent with motor neuron loss. We conclude that excitatory amino acid metabolism is altered in patients with ALS. Based on neurodegenerative disease models, these changes may play a role in motor neuron loss in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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21
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Lundqvist C, Blomstrand C, Hamberger A, Wikkelsö C. Liquid chromatographic separation of cerebrospinal fluid amino acids after precolumn fluorescence derivatization. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 79:273-9. [PMID: 2728849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sampling and HPLC analysis procedures for CSF amino acid determination were evaluated. It is recommended to analyse native CSF. The sample should be taken from the first 12 ml obtained by lumbar puncture. Amino acid concentrations are stable for short periods over a wide range of temperature however, storage at -70 degrees to -80 degrees C is recommended. With the precolumn derivatization and a 30 cm reverse-phase column, the separation and reproducibility are reliable for analyses in the daily hospital routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lundqvist
- Department of Neurology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Ferrero P, Benna P, Costa P, Tarenzi L, Baggio G, Bergamasco B, Bergamini L. Diazepam binding inhibitor-like immunoreactivity (DBI-LI) in human CSF. Correlations with neurological disorders. J Neurol Sci 1988; 87:327-49. [PMID: 3210041 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(88)90257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the anxiogenic neuropeptide diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 281 patients who underwent evaluation for neurological problems. Serial dilution curves and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography showed that the immunoreactive material in CSF behaved just as authentic DBI extracted from human brain. Furthermore in the assay there was no evidence of interference from CSF samples deprived of DBI by immunoaffinity. In 82 patients with no evidence of major lesions in the central nervous system, who acted as controls, the CSF DBI content was shown to be age- and sex-related. No correlation was observed with the CSF protein concentration. In patients with different types of dementia, the levels of CSF DBI were significantly increased in a group with normal pressure hydrocephalus. No significant differences were found between Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, or dementia with Parkinson's disease and controls. In non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease the levels of DBI were increased in a subgroup with depressive disturbances whereas no differences was observed in the non-depressed cases. The content of DBI was markedly reduced in 5 cases with olivopontocerebellar atrophy and in 4 with spinocerebellar ataxia. In all the other disorders studied the levels of DBI were similar to or slightly lower (multiple sclerosis) than those of the controls. The origin of DBI in cerebrospinal fluid is uncertain; a number of various possibilities are discussed concerning the proposed role of DBI as modulator of brain GABAergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrero
- Department of Neurology, University of Turin, Italy
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