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Diarra S, Ghosh S, Cissé L, Coulibaly T, Yalcouyé A, Harmison G, Diallo S, Diallo SH, Coulibaly O, Schindler A, Cissé CAK, Maiga AB, Bamba S, Samassekou O, Khokha MK, Mis EK, Lakhani SA, Donovan FX, Jacobson S, Blackstone C, Guinto CO, Landouré G, Bonifacino JS, Fischbeck KH, Grunseich C. AP2A2 mutation and defective endocytosis in a Malian family with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106537. [PMID: 38772452 PMCID: PMC11209852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) comprises a large group of neurogenetic disorders characterized by progressive lower extremity spasticity. Neurological evaluation and genetic testing were completed in a Malian family with early-onset HSP. Three children with unaffected consanguineous parents presented with symptoms consistent with childhood-onset complicated HSP. Neurological evaluation found lower limb weakness, spasticity, dysarthria, seizures, and intellectual disability. Brain MRI showed corpus callosum thinning with cortical and spinal cord atrophy, and an EEG detected slow background in the index patient. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant in the adaptor protein (AP) complex 2 alpha-2 subunit (AP2A2) gene. Western blot analysis showed reduced levels of AP2A2 in patient-iPSC derived neuronal cells. Endocytosis of transferrin receptor (TfR) was decreased in patient-derived neurons. In addition, we observed increased axon initial segment length in patient-derived neurons. Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles with ap2a2 knockout showed cerebral edema and progressive seizures. Immunoprecipitation of the mutant human AP-2-appendage alpha-C construct showed defective binding to accessory proteins. We report AP2A2 as a novel genetic entity associated with HSP and provide functional data in patient-derived neuron cells and a frog model. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism of HSP and improve the genetic diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Diarra
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lassana Cissé
- Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Thomas Coulibaly
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Abdoulaye Yalcouyé
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - George Harmison
- Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Oumar Coulibaly
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU du Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alice Schindler
- Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cheick A K Cissé
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane B Maiga
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Salia Bamba
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Samassekou
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Emily K Mis
- Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steve Jacobson
- Neuroimmunology Division, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medicine School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheick O Guinto
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Guida Landouré
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Damiani D, Baggiani M, Della Vecchia S, Naef V, Santorelli FM. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Preclinical Cellular Model for Studying Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2615. [PMID: 38473862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a family of degenerative diseases mostly hitting descending axons of corticospinal neurons. Depending on the gene and mutation involved, the disease could present as a pure form with limb spasticity, or a complex form associated with cerebellar and/or cortical signs such as ataxia, dysarthria, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The progressive nature of HSPs invariably leads patients to require walking canes or wheelchairs over time. Despite several attempts to ameliorate the life quality of patients that have been tested, current therapeutical approaches are just symptomatic, as no cure is available. Progress in research in the last two decades has identified a vast number of genes involved in HSP etiology, using cellular and animal models generated on purpose. Although unanimously considered invaluable tools for basic research, those systems are rarely predictive for the establishment of a therapeutic approach. The advent of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells allowed instead the direct study of morphological and molecular properties of the patient's affected neurons generated upon in vitro differentiation. In this review, we revisited all the present literature recently published regarding the use of iPS cells to differentiate HSP patient-specific neurons. Most studies have defined patient-derived neurons as a reliable model to faithfully mimic HSP in vitro, discovering original findings through immunological and -omics approaches, and providing a platform to screen novel or repurposed drugs. Thereby, one of the biggest hopes of current HSP research regards the use of patient-derived iPS cells to expand basic knowledge on the disease, while simultaneously establishing new therapeutic treatments for both generalized and personalized approaches in daily medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devid Damiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Baggiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Naef
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
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Diarra S, Coulibaly T, Dembélé K, Ngouth N, Cissé L, Diallo SH, Ouologuem M, Diallo S, Coulibaly O, Bagayoko K, Coulibaly D, Simaga A, Sango HA, Traoré M, Jacobson S, Fischbeck KH, Landouré G, Guinto CO. Hereditary spastic paraplegia in Mali: epidemiological and clinical features. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2155-2165. [PMID: 36396882 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases divided into pure and complex forms, with spasticity in lower limbs only, or associated with other neurologic and non-neurologic manifestations, respectively. Although widely reported in other populations, very little data exist in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Patients with neurodegenerative features were evaluated over a 19-month period at the Department of Neurology, Teaching Hospital of Point "G", Bamako, Mali. The diagnosis of HSP was considered based on family history and the absence of other known non-genetic causes. Genetic analysis including candidate gene and whole exome sequencing was performed and variant pathogenicity was tested using prediction tools and ACMG guidelines. RESULTS Of the 170 families with hereditary neurological disorders enrolled, 16 had features consistent with HSP, a frequency of 9%. The average age of onset was 14.7 years with 46% starting before age 6. The male/female ratio was 2.6:1. Complex forms were seen in 75% of cases, and pure forms in 25%. Pyramidal findings were present in all patients. Associated features included mental retardation, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, oculomotor impairment and urinary urgency. Most patients were treated with a muscle relaxant and physical therapy, and restorative surgery was done in one. Genetic testing identified novel variants in three families (19%). CONCLUSION This study confirms the clinical variability of HSPs and adds African data to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Diarra
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Coulibaly
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Nyater Ngouth
- Neuroimmunology Division, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lassana Cissé
- Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Seybou H Diallo
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Oumar Coulibaly
- Service de Chirugie Pédiatrique, CHU de Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali
| | - Koumba Bagayoko
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Assiatou Simaga
- Institut d'Ophtalmologie Tropicale de l'Afrique (IOTA), Bamako, Mali
| | - Hammadoun A Sango
- DER de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Traoré
- Service de Cytogénétique et de la Réproduction Biologique, INSP, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Guida Landouré
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali.
- Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali.
| | - Cheick O Guinto
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
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4
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Childhood-onset writer's cramp in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 15. Can J Neurol Sci 2022; 50:469-471. [PMID: 35538608 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2022.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen R, Du S, Yao Y, Zhang L, Luo J, Shen Y, Xu Z, Zeng X, Zhang L, Liu M, Yin C, Tang B, Tan J, Xu X, Liu JY. A Novel SPAST Mutation Results in Spastin Accumulation and Defects in Microtubule Dynamics. Mov Disord 2021; 37:598-607. [PMID: 34927746 PMCID: PMC9300132 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency is widely accepted as the pathogenic mechanism of spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4). However, there are some cases that cannot be explained by reduced function of the spastin protein encoded by SPAST. Objectives To identify the causative gene of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in three large Chinese families and explore the pathological mechanism of a spastin variant. Methods Three large Chinese hereditary spastic paraplegia families with a total of 247 individuals (67 patients) were investigated, of whom 59 members were recruited to the study. Genetic testing was performed to identify the causative gene. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the effects of the mutant proteins in vitro. Results In the three hereditary spastic paraplegia families, of whom three index cases were misdiagnosed as other types of neurological diseases, a novel c.985dupA (p.Met329Asnfs*3) variant in SPAST was identified and was shown to cosegregate with the phenotype in the three families. The c.985dupA mutation produced two truncated mutants (mutant M1 and M87 isoforms) that accumulated to a higher level than their wild‐type counterparts. Furthermore, the mutant M1 isoform heavily decorated the microtubules and rendered them resistant to depolymerization. In contrast, the mutant M87 isoform was diffusely localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, could not decorate microtubules, and was not able to promote microtubule disassembly. Conclusions SPAST mutations leading to premature stop codons do not always act through haploinsufficiency. The truncated spastin may damage the corticospinal tracts through an isoform‐specific toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyue Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyi Yao
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yinhua Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenping Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang Yin
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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6
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Singh S, Israrahmed A, Mall RV, Singh V. 'Ears of the Lynx' sign: an important and useful MRI clue for diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutation in SPG 15 gene. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e242275. [PMID: 34598955 PMCID: PMC8488712 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somesh Singh
- Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrin Israrahmed
- Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rana Vishwadeep Mall
- Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tang YP, Gong JY, Setchell KDR, Zhang W, Zhao J, Wang JS. Successful treatment of infantile oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase deficiency with oral chenodeoxycholic acid. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:163. [PMID: 33849447 PMCID: PMC8045390 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP7B1, is associated with fatal infantile progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. Most reported patients with CYP7B1 mutations presenting with liver disease in infancy have died of liver failure. However, it was recently reported that two patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid survived. Correlations between the phenotype and genotype of CYP7B1 deficiency have not been clearly established. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-month-7-day-old Chinese baby from non-consanguineous parents was referred for progressive cholestasis and prolonged prothrombin time from one month of age. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations c.187C > T(p.R63X)/c.334C > T(p.R112X) in CYP7B1, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry analysis of the urinary bile acid confirmed the presence of atypical hepatotoxic 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acids. While awaiting liver transplantation she was orally administered chenodeoxycholic acid. Her liver function rapidly improved, urine atypical bile acids normalized, and she thrived well until the last follow-up at 23 months of age. Her 15-year-old brother, with no history of infantile cholestasis but harboring the same mutations in CYP7B1, had gait abnormality from 13 years of age. Neurological examination revealed hyper-reflexia and spasticity of the lower limbs. Brain MRI revealed enlarged perivascular space in the bilateral basal ganglia and white matter of frontal parietal. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings highlight that the phenotype of CYP7B1 deficiency varies widely, even in siblings and that early administration of chenodeoxycholic acid may improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ping Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jian-She Wang
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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8
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Jacinto-Scudeiro LA, Machado GD, Ayres A, Burguêz D, Polese-Bonatto M, González-Salazar C, Siebert M, França Junior MC, Olchik MR, Saute JAM. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in hereditary spastic paraplegias. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 77:843-847. [PMID: 31939580 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a group of genetic diseases characterized by lower limb spasticity with or without additional neurological features. Swallowing dysfunction is poorly studied in HSP and its presence can lead to significant respiratory and nutritional complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clinical characteristics of dysphagia in different types of HSP. METHODS A two-center cross-sectional prevalence study was performed. Genetically confirmed HSP patients were evaluated using the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet and the Functional Oral Intake Scale. In addition, self-perception of dysphagia was assessed by the Eat Assessment Tool-10 and the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire. RESULTS Thirty-six patients with spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4), five with SPG11, four with SPG5, four with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), three with SPG7, and two with SPG3A were evaluated. Mild to moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia was present in 3/5 (60%) of SPG11 and 2/4 (50%) of CTX patients. A single SPG4 (2%) and a single SPG7 (33%) patient had mild oropharyngeal dysphagia. All other evaluated patients presented with normal or functional swallowing. CONCLUSIONS Clinically significant oropharyngeal dysphagia was only present in complicated forms of HSP Patients with SPG11 and CTX had the highest risks for dysphagia, suggesting that surveillance of swallowing function should be part of the management of patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Alves Jacinto-Scudeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Dariva Machado
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | - Annelise Ayres
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Burguêz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | - Marcia Polese-Bonatto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | - Carelis González-Salazar
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Médica, Campinas SP, Brasil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Unidade de Pesquisa Laboratorial / Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | | | - Maira Rozenfeld Olchik
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Ortopédica, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Porto Alegre RS, Brasil
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9
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Orlacchio A. Evaluation of swallowing in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegias. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 77:841-842. [PMID: 31939579 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Rome, Italy.,Università di Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Biomediche, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Shetty A, Gan-Or Z, Ashtiani S, Ruskey JA, van de Warrenburg B, Wassenberg T, Kamsteeg EJ, Rouleau GA, Suchowersky O. CAPN1 mutations: Expanding the CAPN1-related phenotype: From hereditary spastic paraparesis to spastic ataxia. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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BULBOACA 1,2, CA, BLIDARU M, FESTILA 4, D, BOARESCU PM, STANESCU I. Pallidopyramidal Syndrome and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia common features and diagnostic approach and therapeutic considerations. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological diagnosis, can be, in some situations, a challenging one. Clinical presentation for neurological disease, which has no imagistic diagnosis criteria, can develop during several month or years. Therefore, the first evaluation of the patient with neurological symptoms is not always conclusive. Pallidopyramidal syndrome and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) can present common features and diagnostic approach has to be careful. genetic assessment is the gold diagnosis method in some cases. Therapeutic strategies, following a correct diagnosis has to be addressed to improvement the patient's quality of life by rehabilitation methods and medication targeting the pathophysiological processes involvement. The aim of this paper is to discuss the clinical evolution and the diagnosis strategies in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Angelo BULBOACA 1,2,
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai BLIDARU
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana FESTILA 4,
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Mihai BOARESCU
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana STANESCU
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Jacinto-Scudeiro LA, Dariva Machado G, Ayres A, Burguêz D, Polese-Bonato M, González-Salazar C, Siebert M, Cavalcante França M, Olchik MR, Morales Saute JA. Are Cognitive Changes in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias Restricted to Complicated Forms? Front Neurol 2019; 10:508. [PMID: 31231294 PMCID: PMC6558376 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the cognitive profile of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP), where most scientific attention has been given to motor features related to corticospinal tract degeneration. Objectives: We aimed to perform a broad characterization of the cognitive functions of patients with pure and complicated HSP as well as to determine the frequency of abnormal cognitive performances in the studied subtypes. Methods: A two-center cross-sectional case-control study was performed. All individuals underwent cognitive assessment through screening tests (Mini Mental State Examination—MEEM and Montreal Cognitive Assessment—MOCA) and tests to assess specific cognitive functions (Verbal fluency with phonological restriction—FAS; Verbal categorical fluency—FAS-cat and Rey's Verbal Auditory Learning Test -RAVLT). Results: Fifty four patients with genetically confirmed HSP diagnosis, 36 with spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4), 5 SPG11, 4 SPG5, 4 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), 3 SPG7 and 2 SPG3A, and 10 healthy, unrelated control subjects, with similar age, sex, and education participated in the study. SPG4 patients had worse performances in MOCA, FAS, FAS-cat, and RAVLT when compared to controls. Most SPG4 patients presented cognitive changes not compatible with dementia, performing poorly in memory, attention and executive functions. SPG5 patients scored lower in executive functions and memory, and SPG7 patients performed poorly on memory tasks. All evaluated cognitive functions were markedly altered in CTX and SPG11 patients. Conclusions: Cognitive abnormalities are frequent in HSP, being more severe in complicated forms. However, cognitive impairments of pure HSPs might impact patients' lives, decreasing families' socioeconomic status and contributing to the overall disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Alves Jacinto-Scudeiro
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dariva Machado
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Annelise Ayres
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Burguêz
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcia Polese-Bonato
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carelis González-Salazar
- Graduate program in Medical Physiopathology, School of Medical Science, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Graduate program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Unit of Laboratorial Research/Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Rozenfeld Olchik
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Kamate M, Detroja M. Clinico-Investigative Profile of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia in Children. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:341-344. [PMID: 31359954 PMCID: PMC6613430 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_527_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of neurogenetic disorders seen mainly in adults. With the advancement in genetics, more than 78 types of HSP have been identified, with increasing identification of HSP in children. However, there is scant literature on this from India. Materials and Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with HSP diagnosed in the last 6 years was done. The data were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 11 patients had a diagnosis of HSP (genetically confirmed), with mean age of presentation at 21.7 months. The main symptom at the time of presentation was delayed walking and/or abnormal gait in the form of tip-toeing and scissoring of limbs. The mean delay in diagnosis was 5.2 years after initial presentation. MRI of the presented children showed mainly thinning of corpus callosum and white-matter changes. All of them had gradual worsening spasticity, despite physiotherapy and drugs. Except one, all children had recessive form of spastic paraplegia. Child with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia had heterozygous mutation in SPAST gene, which is known to present in the first 2 years of life. Conclusions HSP is probably not uncommon. Recessive form of HSP is more frequently seen in children. Because of lack of awareness, there is delay in reaching the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kamate
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, KAHER University's J N Medical College, In-charge Child Development Centre, KLES Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Mayank Detroja
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy, Child Development Centre, KLE Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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14
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Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia comprises a wide and heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from primary retrograde dysfunction of the long descending fibers of the corticospinal tract. Although spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction represent the most common clinical presentation, a complex group of different neurological and systemic compromise has been recognized recently and a growing number of new genetic subtypes were described in the last decade. Clinical characterization of individual and familial history represents the main step during diagnostic workup; however, frequently, few and unspecific data allows a low rate of definite diagnosis based solely in clinical and neuroimaging basis. Likewise, a wide group of neurological acquired and inherited disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis and properly excluded after a complete laboratorial, neuroimaging, and genetic evaluation. The aim of this review article is to provide an extensive overview regarding the main clinical and genetic features of the classical and recently described subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).
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15
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Matthews AM, Tarailo-Graovac M, Price EM, Blydt-Hansen I, Ghani A, Drögemöller BI, Robinson WP, Ross CJ, Wasserman WW, Siden H, van Karnebeek CD. A de novo mosaic mutation in SPAST with two novel alternative alleles and chromosomal copy number variant in a boy with spastic paraplegia and autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:548-552. [PMID: 28778789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a 12 year old male with an extreme presentation of spastic paraplegia along with autism and dysmorphisms. Whole exome sequencing identified a predicted pathogenic pair of missense variants in SPAST at the same chromosomal location, each with a different alternative allele, while a chromosome microarray identified a 1.73 Mb paternally inherited copy gain of 1q21.1q21.2 resulting in a blended phenotype of both Spastic paraplegia 4 and 1q21.1 microduplication syndrome. We believe that the extreme phenotype observed is likely caused by the presence of cells which contain only mutant SPAST, but that the viability of the patient is possible due mosaicism of mutant alleles observed in different proportions across tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Matthews
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Tarailo-Graovac
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E M Price
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - I Blydt-Hansen
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Ghani
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B I Drögemöller
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C J Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Siden
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Canuck Place Children's Hospice, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C D van Karnebeek
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Faber I, Branco LMT, França Júnior MC. Cognitive dysfunction in hereditary spastic paraplegias and other motor neuron disorders. Dement Neuropsychol 2016; 10:276-279. [PMID: 29213469 PMCID: PMC5619265 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1004004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a diverse group of single-gene disorders that share the predominant clinical feature of progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. More than 70 different genetic subtypes have been described and all modes of inheritance are possible. Intellectual dysfunction in HSP is frequent in recessive forms but rare in dominant families. It may manifest by either mental retardation and/or cognitive decline. The latter may be subtle, restricted to executive dysfunction or may evolve to severe dementia. The cognitive profile is thought to depend largely on the genetic subtype of HSP, although wide phenotypic variability within the same genetic subtype and also within the same family can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Faber
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences,
University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo T. Branco
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences,
University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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17
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Elsayed LEO, Mohammed IN, Hamed AAA, Elseed MA, Johnson A, Mairey M, Mohamed HESA, Idris MN, Salih MAM, El-Sadig SM, Koko ME, Mohamed AYO, Raymond L, Coutelier M, Darios F, Siddig RA, Ahmed AKMA, Babai AMA, Malik HMO, Omer ZMBM, Mohamed EOE, Eltahir HB, Magboul NAA, Bushara EE, Elnour A, Rahim SMA, Alattaya A, Elbashir MI, Ibrahim ME, Durr A, Audhya A, Brice A, Ahmed AE, Stevanin G. Hereditary spastic paraplegias: identification of a novel SPG57 variant affecting TFG oligomerization and description of HSP subtypes in Sudan. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:100-110. [PMID: 27601211 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are the second most common type of motor neuron disease recognized worldwide. We investigated a total of 25 consanguineous families from Sudan. We used next-generation sequencing to screen 74 HSP-related genes in 23 families. Linkage analysis and candidate gene sequencing was performed in two other families. We established a genetic diagnosis in six families with autosomal recessive HSP (SPG11 in three families and TFG/SPG57, SACS and ALS2 in one family each). A heterozygous mutation in a gene involved in an autosomal dominant HSP (ATL1/SPG3A) was also identified in one additional family. Six out of seven identified variants were novel. The c.64C>T (p.(Arg22Trp)) TFG/SPG57 variant (PB1 domain) is the second identified that underlies HSP, and we demonstrated its impact on TFG oligomerization in vitro. Patients did not present with visual impairment as observed in a previously reported SPG57 family (c.316C>T (p.(Arg106Cys)) in coiled-coil domain), suggesting unique contributions of the PB1 and coiled-coil domains in TFG complex formation/function and a possible phenotype correlation to variant location. Some families manifested marked phenotypic variations implying the possibility of modifier factors complicated by high inbreeding. Finally, additional genetic heterogeneity is expected in HSP Sudanese families. The remaining families might unravel new genes or uncommon modes of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena E O Elsayed
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL université, Paris, France.,University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Adam Johnson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL université, Paris, France
| | | | - Mohamed N Idris
- University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Sudan Medical Council, Neurology, Sudan
| | - Mustafa A M Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M El-Sadig
- University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Neurology, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud E Koko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf Y O Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Laure Raymond
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL université, Paris, France.,Department of genetics, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL université, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanan B Eltahir
- Department of Biochemistry, El Imam EL Mahdi University, Kosti, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,Department of genetics, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France. .,Department of genetics, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Ammar E Ahmed
- University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Sudan Medical Council, Neurology, Sudan
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France. .,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL université, Paris, France. .,Department of genetics, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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18
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Kariminejad A, Schöls L, Schüle R, Tonekaboni SH, Abolhassani A, Fadaee M, Rosti RO, Gleeson JG. CYP2U1 mutations in two Iranian patients with activity induced dystonia, motor regression and spastic paraplegia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:782-7. [PMID: 27292318 PMCID: PMC5011458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness in the lower limbs. It is divided into two major groups, complicated and uncomplicated, based on the presence of additional features such as intellectual disability, ataxia, seizures, peripheral neuropathy and visual problems. SPG56 is an autosomal recessive form of HSP with complicated and uncomplicated manifestations, complicated being more common. CYP2U1 gene mutations have been identified as responsible for SPG56. Intellectual disability, dystonia, subclinical sensory motor neuropathy, pigmentary degenerative maculopathy, thin corpus callosum and periventricular white-matter hyperintensities were additional features noted in previous cases of SPG56. Here we identified two novel mutations in CYP2U1 in two unrelated patients by whole exome sequencing. Both patients had complicated HSP with activity-induced dystonia, suggesting dystonia as an additional finding in SPG56. Two out of 14 previously reported patients had dystonia, and the addition of our patients suggests dystonia in a quarter of SPG56 patients. Developmental regression has not been reported in SPG56 patients so far but both of our patients developed motor regression in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kariminejad
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - L Schöls
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, University of Tubingen, 72077, Tubingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tubingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - R Schüle
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, University of Tubingen, 72077, Tubingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tubingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - A Abolhassani
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Fadaee
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - R O Rosti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J G Gleeson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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19
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Gan-Or Z, Bouslam N, Birouk N, Lissouba A, Chambers D, Vérièpe J, Androschuk A, Laurent S, Rochefort D, Spiegelman D, Dionne-Laporte A, Szuto A, Liao M, Figlewicz D, Bouhouche A, Benomar A, Yahyaoui M, Ouazzani R, Yoon G, Dupré N, Suchowersky O, Bolduc F, Parker J, Dion P, Drapeau P, Rouleau G, Ouled Amar Bencheikh B. Mutations in CAPN1 Cause Autosomal-Recessive Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1038-1046. [PMID: 27153400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs with or without additional neurological symptoms. Although more than 70 genes and genetic loci have been implicated in HSP, many families remain genetically undiagnosed, suggesting that other genetic causes of HSP are still to be identified. HSP can be inherited in an autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, or X-linked manner. In the current study, we performed whole-exome sequencing to analyze a total of nine affected individuals in three families with autosomal-recessive HSP. Rare homozygous and compound-heterozygous nonsense, missense, frameshift, and splice-site mutations in CAPN1 were identified in all affected individuals, and sequencing in additional family members confirmed the segregation of these mutations with the disease (spastic paraplegia 76 [SPG76]). CAPN1 encodes calpain 1, a protease that is widely present in the CNS. Calpain 1 is involved in synaptic plasticity, synaptic restructuring, and axon maturation and maintenance. Three models of calpain 1 deficiency were further studied. In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of calpain 1 function resulted in neuronal and axonal dysfunction and degeneration. Similarly, loss-of-function of the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog calpain B caused locomotor defects and axonal anomalies. Knockdown of calpain 1a, a CAPN1 ortholog in Danio rerio, resulted in abnormal branchiomotor neuron migration and disorganized acetylated-tubulin axonal networks in the brain. The identification of mutations in CAPN1 in HSP expands our understanding of the disease causes and potential mechanisms.
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20
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Coignion C, Banneau G, Goizet C. Paraplegie spastiche ereditarie. Neurologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(16)77572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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López E, Casasnovas C, Giménez J, Santamaría R, Terrazas JM, Volpini V. Identification of two novel KIF5A mutations in hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with mild peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol Sci 2015; 358:422-7. [PMID: 26403765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 10 (SPG10) is a rare form of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP) due to mutations in KIF5A, a gene encoding the neuronal kinesin heavy-chain involved in axonal transport. KIF5A mutations have been associated with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from pure HSP to isolated peripheral nerve involvement or complicated HSP phenotypes. Most KIF5A mutations are clustered in the motor domain of the protein that is necessary for microtubule interaction. Here we describe two Spanish families with an adult onset complicated AD-HSP in which neurological studies revealed a mild sensory neuropathy. Intention tremor was also present in both families. Molecular genetic analysis identified two novel mutations c.773 C>T and c.833 C>T in the KIF5A gene resulting in the P258L and P278L substitutions respectively. Both were located in the highly conserved kinesin motor domain of the protein which has previously been identified as a hot spot for KIF5A mutations. This study adds to the evidence associating the known occurrence of mild peripheral neuropathy in the adult onset SPG10 type of AD-HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva López
- Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via 199, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL.C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Giménez
- Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via 199, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Santamaría
- Laboratorio Dr. Echevarne, C/Provença 312, 08037 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Terrazas
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Laredo, Avda. Derechos humanos s/n 39.770 Laredo, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Víctor Volpini
- Molecular Diagnostic Centre for Hereditary Diseases (CDGM), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via 199, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Delving into the complexity of hereditary spastic paraplegias: how unexpected phenotypes and inheritance modes are revolutionizing their nosology. Hum Genet 2015; 134:511-38. [PMID: 25758904 PMCID: PMC4424374 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are rare neurodegenerative diseases sharing the degeneration of the corticospinal tracts as the main pathological characteristic. They are considered one of the most heterogeneous neurological disorders. All modes of inheritance have been described for the 84 different loci and 67 known causative genes implicated up to now. Recent advances in molecular genetics have revealed clinico-genetic heterogeneity of these disorders including their clinical and genetic overlap with other diseases of the nervous system. The systematic analysis of a large set of genes, including exome sequencing, is unmasking unusual phenotypes or inheritance modes associated with mutations in HSP genes and related genes involved in various neurological diseases. A new nosology may emerge after integration and understanding of these new data to replace the current classification. Collectively, functions of the known genes implicate the disturbance of intracellular membrane dynamics and trafficking as the consequence of alterations of cytoskeletal dynamics, lipid metabolism and organelle structures, which represent in fact a relatively small number of cellular processes that could help to find common curative approaches, which are still lacking.
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23
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Lo Giudice T, Lombardi F, Santorelli FM, Kawarai T, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical-genetic characteristics and evolving molecular mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:518-39. [PMID: 24954637 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by pathophysiologic hallmark of length-dependent distal axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. The prominent features of this pathological condition are progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. To date, 72 spastic gait disease-loci and 55 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) have been identified. All modes of inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked) have been described. Recently, a late onset spastic gait disorder with maternal trait of inheritance has been reported, as well as mutations in genes not yet classified as spastic gait disease. Several cellular processes are involved in its pathogenesis, such as membrane and axonal transport, endoplasmic reticulum membrane modeling and shaping, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, autophagy, and abnormalities in lipid metabolism and myelination processes. Moreover, recent evidences have been found about the impairment of endosome membrane trafficking in vesicle formation and about the involvement of oxidative stress and mtDNA polymorphisms in the onset of the disease. Interactome networks have been postulated by bioinformatics and biological analyses of spastic paraplegia genes, which would contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temistocle Lo Giudice
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lombardi
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Molecolare, Neurogenetica e Malattie Neurodegenerative, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Esteves T, Durr A, Mundwiller E, Loureiro J, Boutry M, Gonzalez M, Gauthier J, El-Hachimi K, Depienne C, Muriel MP, Acosta Lebrigio R, Gaussen M, Noreau A, Speziani F, Dionne-Laporte A, Deleuze JF, Dion P, Coutinho P, Rouleau G, Zuchner S, Brice A, Stevanin G, Darios F. Loss of association of REEP2 with membranes leads to hereditary spastic paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:268-77. [PMID: 24388663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological conditions. Their main pathogenic mechanisms are thought to involve alterations in endomembrane trafficking, mitochondrial function, and lipid metabolism. With a combination of whole-genome mapping and exome sequencing, we identified three mutations in REEP2 in two families with HSP: a missense variant (c.107T>A [p.Val36Glu]) that segregated in the heterozygous state in a family with autosomal-dominant inheritance and a missense change (c.215T>A [p.Phe72Tyr]) that segregated in trans with a splice site mutation (c.105+3G>T) in a family with autosomal-recessive transmission. REEP2 belongs to a family of proteins that shape the endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle that was altered in fibroblasts from an affected subject. In vitro, the p.Val36Glu variant in the autosomal-dominant family had a dominant-negative effect; it inhibited the normal binding of wild-type REEP2 to membranes. The missense substitution p.Phe72Tyr, in the recessive family, decreased the affinity of the mutant protein for membranes that, together with the splice site mutation, is expected to cause complete loss of REEP2 function. Our findings illustrate how dominant and recessive inheritance can be explained by the effects and nature of mutations in the same gene. They have also important implications for genetic diagnosis and counseling in clinical practice because of the association of various modes of inheritance to this new clinico-genetic entity.
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Denora PS, Santorelli FM, Bertini E. Hereditary spastic paraplegias: one disease for many genes, and still counting. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 113:1899-912. [PMID: 23622413 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59565-2.00060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically heterogeneous Mendelian disorders characterized by spastic gait with stiffness and weakness in the legs and an associated plethora of neurological or extraneurological signs in "complicated" forms. Major advances have been made during the past two decades in our understanding of their molecular bases with the identification of a large number of gene loci and the cloning of a set of them. The combined genetic and clinical information obtained has permitted a new, molecularly-driven classification and an improved diagnosis of these conditions. This represents a prerequisite for better counseling in families and more appropriate therapeutic options. However, further heterogeneity is expected and new insight into the possible mechanisms anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Denora
- Molecular Medicine and Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS-Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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26
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Alteration of fatty-acid-metabolizing enzymes affects mitochondrial form and function in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2012. [PMID: 23176821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is considered one of the most heterogeneous groups of neurological disorders, both clinically and genetically. The disease comprises pure and complex forms that clinically include slowly progressive lower-limb spasticity resulting from degeneration of the corticospinal tract. At least 48 loci accounting for these diseases have been mapped to date, and mutations have been identified in 22 genes, most of which play a role in intracellular trafficking. Here, we identified mutations in two functionally related genes (DDHD1 and CYP2U1) in individuals with autosomal-recessive forms of HSP by using either the classical positional cloning or a combination of whole-genome linkage mapping and next-generation sequencing. Interestingly, three subjects with CYP2U1 mutations presented with a thin corpus callosum, white-matter abnormalities, and/or calcification of the basal ganglia. These genes code for two enzymes involved in fatty-acid metabolism, and we have demonstrated in human cells that the HSP pathophysiology includes alteration of mitochondrial architecture and bioenergetics with increased oxidative stress. Our combined results focus attention on lipid metabolism as a critical HSP pathway with a deleterious impact on mitochondrial bioenergetic function.
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27
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Bettencourt C, Quintáns B, Ros R, Ampuero I, Yáñez Z, Pascual SI, de Yébenes JG, Sobrido MJ. Revisiting genotype-phenotype overlap in neurogenetics: Triplet-repeat expansions mimicking spastic paraplegias. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1315-23. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Finsterer J, Löscher W, Quasthoff S, Wanschitz J, Auer-Grumbach M, Stevanin G. Hereditary spastic paraplegias with autosomal dominant, recessive, X-linked, or maternal trait of inheritance. J Neurol Sci 2012; 318:1-18. [PMID: 22554690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are clinically characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs (pure SPG) and, majoritorian, additional more extensive neurological or non-neurological manifestations (complex or complicated SPG). Pure SPG is characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs, and occasionally sensory disturbances or bladder dysfunction. Complex SPGs additionally include cognitive impairment, dementia, epilepsy, extrapyramidal disturbances, cerebellar involvement, retinopathy, optic atrophy, deafness, polyneuropathy, or skin lesions in the absence of coexisting disorders. Nineteen SPGs follow an autosomal-dominant (AD-SPG), 27 an autosomal-recessive (AR-SPG), 5 X-linked (XL-SPG), and one a maternal trait of inheritance. SPGs are due to mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the maintenance of corticospinal tract neurons. Among the AD-SPGs, 40-45% of patients carry mutations in the SPAST-gene (SPG4) and 10% in the ATL1-gene (SPG3), while the other 9 genes are more rarely involved (NIPA1 (SPG6), KIAA0196 (SPG8), KIF5A (SPG10), RNT2 (SPG12), SPGD1 (SPG13), BSCL2 (SPG17), REEP1 (SPG31), ZFYVE27 (SPG33, debated), and SLC33A1 (SPG42, debated)). Among the AR-SPGs, ~20% of the patients carry mutations in the KIAA1840 (SPG11) gene whereas the 15 other genes are rarely mutated and account for SPGs in single families yet (CYP7B1 (SPG5), SPG7 (SPG7), ZFYVE26 (SPG15), ERLIN2 (SPG18), SPG20 (SPG20), ACP33 (SPG21), KIF1A (SPG30), FA2H (SPG35), NTE (SPG39), GJA12/GJC2 (SPG44), KIAA0415 (SPG48) and 4 genes encoding for the AP4-complex (SPG47)). Among the XL-SPGs, 3 causative genes have been identified (L1CAM (SPG1), PLP1 (SPG2), and SLC16A2 (SPG22)). The diagnosis of SPGs is based on clinical, instrumental and genetic investigations. Treatment is exclusively symptomatic.
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Goizet C, Depienne C, Benard G, Boukhris A, Mundwiller E, Solé G, Coupry I, Pilliod J, Martin-Négrier ML, Fedirko E, Forlani S, Cazeneuve C, Hannequin D, Charles P, Feki I, Pinel JF, Ouvrard-Hernandez AM, Lyonnet S, Ollagnon-Roman E, Yaouanq J, Toutain A, Dussert C, Fontaine B, Leguern E, Lacombe D, Durr A, Rossignol R, Brice A, Stevanin G. REEP1 mutations in SPG31: Frequency, mutational spectrum, and potential association with mitochondrial morpho-functional dysfunction. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:1118-27. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Orlacchio A, Montieri P, Babalini C, Gaudiello F, Bernardi G, Kawarai T. Late-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum caused by a new SPG3A mutation. J Neurol 2011; 258:1361-3. [PMID: 21336785 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-5934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Arnoldi A, Crimella C, Tenderini E, Martinuzzi A, D'Angelo MG, Musumeci O, Toscano A, Scarlato M, Fantin M, Bresolin N, Bassi MT. Clinical phenotype variability in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5 associated with CYP7B1 mutations. Clin Genet 2011; 81:150-7. [PMID: 21214876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5) is caused by mutations in CYP7B1, a gene encoding the cytochrome P-450 oxysterol 7-α-hydroxylase, CYP7B1, an enzyme implicated in the cholesterol metabolism. Mutations in CYP7B1 were found in both pure and complicated forms of the disease with a mutation frequency of 7.7% in pure recessive cases. The mutation frequency in complex forms, approximately 6.6%, is more controversial and needs to be refined. We studied in more detail the SPG5-related spectrum of complex phenotypes by screening CYPB1 for mutations in a large cohort of 105 Italian hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) index patients including 50 patients with a complicated HSP (cHSP) phenotype overlapping the SPG11- and the SPG15-related forms except for the lack of thin corpus callosum and 55 pure patients. Five CYP7B1 mutations, three of which are novel, were identified in four patients, two with a complex form of the disease and two with a pure phenotype. The CYP7B1 mutation frequencies obtained in both complicated and pure familial cases are comparable to the known ones. These results obtained extend the range of SPG5-related phenotypes and reveal variability in clinical presentation, disease course and functional profile in the SPG5-related patients while providing with some clues for molecular diagnosis in cHSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arnoldi
- E. Medea Scientific Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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32
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Abdel Aleem A, Abu-Shahba N, Swistun D, Silhavy J, Bielas SL, Sattar S, Gleeson JG, Zaki MS. Expanding the clinical spectrum of SPG11 gene mutations in recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 54:82-5. [PMID: 20971220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) represents a large group of neurological disorders characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. One subtype of HSP shows an autosomal recessive form of inheritance with thin corpus callosum (ARHSP-TCC), and displays genetic heterogeneity with four known loci. We identified a consanguineous Egyptian family with five affected individuals with ARHSP-TCC. We found linkage to the SPG11 locus and identified a novel homozygous p.Q498X stop codon mutation in exon 7 in the SPG11 gene encoding Spatacsin. Cognitive impairment and polyneuropathy, reported as frequent in SPG11, were not evident. This family supports the importance of SPG11 as a frequent cause for ARHSP-TCC, and expands the clinical SPG11 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abdel Aleem
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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33
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Goizet C, Boukhris A, Durr A, Beetz C, Truchetto J, Tesson C, Tsaousidou M, Forlani S, Guyant-Maréchal L, Fontaine B, Guimarães J, Isidor B, Chazouillères O, Wendum D, Grid D, Chevy F, Chinnery PF, Coutinho P, Azulay JP, Feki I, Mochel F, Wolf C, Mhiri C, Crosby A, Brice A, Stevanin G. CYP7B1 mutations in pure and complex forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. Brain 2009; 132:1589-600. [PMID: 19439420 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-four different loci for hereditary spastic paraplegias have been mapped, and 16 responsible genes have been identified. Autosomal recessive forms of spastic paraplegias usually have clinically complex phenotypes but the SPG5, SPG24 and SPG28 loci are considered to be associated with 'pure' forms of the disease. Very recently, five mutations in the CYP7B1 gene, encoding a cytochrome P450 oxysterol 7-alpha hydroxylase and expressed in brain and liver, have been found in SPG5 families. We analysed the coding region and exon-intron boundaries of the CYP7B1 gene by direct sequencing in a series of 82 unrelated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia index patients, manifesting either a pure (n = 52) or a complex form (n = 30) of the disease, and in 90 unrelated index patients with sporadic pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. We identified eight, including six novel, mutations in CYP7B1 segregating in nine families. Three of these mutations were nonsense (p.R63X, p.R112X, p.Y275X) and five were missense mutations (p.T297A, p.R417H, p.R417C, p.F470I, p.R486C), the last four clustering in exon 6 at the C-terminal end of the protein. Residue R417 appeared as a mutational hot-spot. The mean age at onset in 16 patients was 16.4 +/- 12.1 years (range 4-47 years). After a mean disease duration of 28.3 +/- 13.4 years (10-58), spasticity and functional handicap were moderate to severe in all cases. Interestingly, hereditary spastic paraplegia was pure in seven SPG5 families but complex in two. In addition, white matter hyperintensities were observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging in three patients issued from two of the seven pure families. Lastly, the index case of one family had a chronic autoimmune hepatitis while his eldest brother died from cirrhosis and liver failure. Whether this association is fortuitous remains unsolved, however. The frequency of CYP7B1 mutations were 7.3% (n = 6/82) in our series of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia families and 3.3% (n = 3/90) in our series of sporadic pure spastic paraplegia. The recent identification of CYP7B1 as the gene responsible for SPG5 highlights a novel molecular mechanism involved in hereditary spastic paraplegia determinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Goizet
- INSERM/UPMC UMR_S 975 (ex U679), CRicm, Bat. Pharmacie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris Cedex 13, France
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Boukhris A, Stevanin G, Feki I, Denora P, Elleuch N, Miladi MI, Goizet C, Truchetto J, Belal S, Brice A, Mhiri C. Tunisian hereditary spastic paraplegias: clinical variability supported by genetic heterogeneity. Clin Genet 2009; 75:527-36. [PMID: 19438933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by slowly progressive spasticity of the lower extremities. We performed the first clinical, epidemiological and genetic study of HSP in Southern Tunisia. We investigated 88 patients belonging to 38 unrelated Tunisian HSP families. We could establish the minimal prevalence of HSP in the district of Sfax at 5.75/100,000. Thirty-one percent of the families had a pure HSP, whereas 69% had a complicated form. The mode of inheritance was almost exclusively compatible with an autosomal recessive trait (97%, 37/38). Taking into account previously published results and new data generated in this work, genetic studies revealed significant or putative linkage to known HSP loci in 13 families (34.2%) to either SPG11 (7/38, 18.4%), SPG15 (4/38, 10.5%) or to SPG4 and SPG5 in one family each. The linkage results could be validated through the identification of two recurrent truncating mutations (R2034X and M245VfsX246) in the SPG11 gene, three different mutations (Q493X, F683LfsX685 and the novel S2004T/r.?) in the SPG15 gene, the recurrent R499C mutation in the SPG4 gene as well as the new R112X mutation in the SPG5 gene. SPG11 and SPG15 are the major responsible HSP genes in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boukhris
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Criscuolo C, Filla A, Coppola G, Rinaldi C, Carbone R, Pinto S, Wang Q, de Leva MF, Salvatore E, Banfi S, Brunetti A, Quarantelli M, Geschwind DH, Pappatà S, De Michele G. Two novel CYP7B1 mutations in Italian families with SPG5: a clinical and genetic study. J Neurol 2009; 256:1252-7. [PMID: 19363635 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs. Spasticity may occur in isolation (''pure'' HSP) or may be accompanied by other features. Although autosomal recessive HSPs usually have clinically complex phenotypes, mutations within a few genes underlie pure forms. Recently the gene (CYP7B1) responsible for SPG5, a pure recessive HSP, has been identified. The six CYP7B1 coding exons were analysed in four Italian families. Complete clinical assessment was performed in all patients. Blood CYP7B1 mRNA levels were assessed in three patients and six controls. Brain MRI and (18)F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan were conducted in three patients. Two novel homozygous mutations were identified. Both result in a frameshift and the introduction of a premature stop codon at the C-terminal of the protein. Patients have reduced blood CYP7B1 mRNA levels, suggesting nonsense mediated RNA decay. Although clinical assessment showed a pure form of spastic paraplegia, MRI demonstrated white matter abnormalities in three patients and PET scan revealed cerebellar hypometabolism in one. Based on the results, we report the first Italian families with SPG5 molecular characterization and describe two novel truncating mutations in CYP7B1. The recessive character, the truncating nature of the mutations, and the reduced peripheral blood CYP7B1 mRNA levels suggest that the development of the disease is associated with a loss of function. SPG5 is considered a pure form of HSP, but MRI and PET findings in our patients suggest that SPG5 phenotype may be broader than the pure presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Criscuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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36
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SPG11 spastic paraplegia. A new cause of juvenile parkinsonism. J Neurol 2009; 256:104-8. [PMID: 19224311 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (AR HSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder often caused by mutations in the gene encoding for spatacsin at the SPG11 locus on chromosome 15q. The disease is characterized by progressive spastic paraparesis and mental retardation which occur during the first two decades of life and frequently with peripheral neuropathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals typical TCC with periventricular white matter changes. We describe two patients, of Turkish descent, from the same consanguineous family and affected with SPG11 in association with unusual early-onset parkinsonism. Parkinsonism occurred during the very early stages of SPG11 in both patients, being in one the inaugural symptom of the disease presented as a resting tremor with akinesia, rigidity and expressing an initial moderate levodopa-response that progressively weakened. The second patient presented a resting tremor with mild akinesia and no levodopa-response. Both patients were affected with progressive spastic paraparesis which had initially occurred at 15 and 12 years of age, respectively, in association with mild mental retardation and an axonal polyneuropathy. TCC with periventricular white matter changes (PWMC) was evident by MRI and (123)I-ioflupane SPECT was abnormal. Genetic analysis detected for both patients a new c.704_705delAT, p.H235RfsX12 homozygous mutation in SPG11. This report provides evidence that parkinsonism may initiate SPG11-linked HSP TCC and that SPG11 may cause juvenile parkinsonism.
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37
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Hourani R, El-Hajj T, Barada WH, Hourani M, Yamout BI. MR imaging findings in autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:936-40. [PMID: 19193756 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a disorder characterized by degeneration of the corticospinal tracts and posterior column of the spinal cord. Previously described radiologic findings included nonspecific brain abnormalities such as brain atrophy and white matter lesions, as well as atrophy of the spinal cord. In our study, we aimed to better characterize brain and spine MR imaging findings in a series of patients with HSP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine patients from 4 different Lebanese families with the autosomal recessive form of HSP were included in the study. All patients underwent brain and whole-spine MR imaging. We assessed the presence of white matter abnormalities mainly along the corticospinal tracts, brain atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum, and the presence of spinal cord atrophy or abnormal signal intensity. RESULTS Imaging revealed mild brain atrophy (44%), atrophy of the corpus callosum (55%), white matter lesions (67%), abnormal T2 high signal intensity in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (55%), and mild spinal cord atrophy (33%). CONCLUSIONS The MR imaging findings of HSP are nonspecific and variable; however, the most prominent features include atrophy of the corpus callosum, T2 signal intensity in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and spinal cord atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hourani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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38
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Genetics and Pathogenesis of Inherited Ataxias and Spastic Paraplegias. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 652:263-96. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2813-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Schüle R, Brandt E, Karle KN, Tsaousidou M, Klebe S, Klimpe S, Auer-Grumbach M, Crosby AH, Hübner CA, Schöls L, Deufel T, Beetz C. Analysis of CYP7B1 in non-consanguineous cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurogenetics 2008; 10:97-104. [PMID: 18855023 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-008-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative condition defined clinically by lower limb spasticity and weakness. Homozygous mutations in CYP7B1 have been identified in several consanguineous families that represented HSP type 5 (SPG5), one of the many genetic forms of the disease. We used direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to screen for CYP7B1 alterations in apparently sporadic HSP patients (n = 12) as well as index patients from non-consanguineous families with recessive (n = 8) and dominant (n = 8) transmission of HSP. One sporadic patient showing HSP as well as optic atrophy carried a homozygous nonsense mutation. Compound heterozygosity was observed in a recessive family with a clinically pure phenotype. A heterozygous missense change segregated in a small dominant family. We also found a significant association of a known coding polymorphism with cerebellar signs complicating a primary HSP phenotype. Our findings suggest CYP7B1 alterations to represent a rather frequent cause of HSP that should be considered in patients with various clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schüle
- Sektion Klinische Neurogenetik, Hertie Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Tübingen, Germany
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Liao SS, Shen L, Du J, Zhao GH, Wang XY, Yang Y, Xiao ZQ, Yuan Y, Jiang H, Li N, Sun HD, Wang JL, Wang CY, Zhou YF, Mo XY, Xia K, Tang BS. Novel mutations of the SPG11 gene in hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. J Neurol Sci 2008; 275:92-9. [PMID: 18835492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with genetic linkage to multi-loci. Recently pathogenic mutations in the KIAA1840 (now named SPG11) for SPG11, the major HSP-TCC locus, were identified; at least 42 different mutations have been detected. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features and identify the SPG11 gene mutations in Chinese patients with HSP-TCC. METHODS Three kindreds with an autosomal recessive HSP-TCC and 5 cases with sporadic HSP-TCC in Chinese Hans were recruited. Detailed clinical history, neurological examination, MRI, electromyography, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) were presented. DNA samples of the 8 families were collected and mutation analysis of SPG11 gene was carried out by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS Except for one patient whose age at onset was 3 years old, 10 patients manifested a relatively similar combination of adolescence-onset cognitive decline and spastic paraparesis with TCC on brain MRI. We identified 10 novel and one known mutations in our 8 HSP-TCC families, which were two nonsense mutations (c.5977C>T/p.Q1993X, c.4668T>A/p.Y1556X), three small deletions (c.6898_6899delCT/p.L2300AfsX2338, c.3719_3720delTA/p.I1240VfsX263, c.733_734delAT/p.M245VfsX246), four small insertions (c.7088_7089insATTA/p.Y2363X, c.2163_2164insT/p.I722YfsX731, c.7101_7102insT/p.K2368X, c.6790_6791insC/p.L2264PfsX2339), one deletion/insertion (c.654_655delinsG/p.S218RfsX219), and one splice mutation (c.7151+4_7151+7delAGTA/p.K2384fsX2386). Each family has a different mutation and all the mutations are predicted to cause early protein truncation. CONCLUSION This study widens the mutation spectrum of the SPG11 gene and the mutations in the SPG11 gene are also the major causative gene for HSP-TCC in the Chinese Hans. Screening of the whole gene is recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-sheng Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases. Recent advances concerning their nosology and molecular bases have greatly improved the genetic diagnosis of these diseases, with implications for genetic counselling. The recent identification of new genes and loci, however, has blurred the distinction between hereditary spastic paraplegias and other entities, such as cerebellar ataxias or leucodystrophies. Cerebral MRI and the familial history of each patient with spastic paraplegia are the minimal clinical elements needed to orient genetic testing. RECENT FINDINGS For SPG4, the gene most frequently involved in hereditary spastic paraplegias, a novel mutational mechanism was described, which allows detection of an increased number of cases. In autosomal recessive forms, mutations in the recently identified SPG11 gene seem to account for a majority of the complex forms of the disease with atrophy of the corpus callosum. In addition, the SACS gene has been implicated in an increasing number of cases of various origins. SUMMARY Genetic testing is progressively more complex and clinical and other information concerning the phenotype is now crucial for choosing an appropriate genetic testing procedure for each patient.
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Stevanin G, Azzedine H, Denora P, Boukhris A, Tazir M, Lossos A, Rosa AL, Lerer I, Hamri A, Alegria P, Loureiro J, Tada M, Hannequin D, Anheim M, Goizet C, Gonzalez-Martinez V, Le Ber I, Forlani S, Iwabuchi K, Meiner V, Uyanik G, Erichsen AK, Feki I, Pasquier F, Belarbi S, Cruz VT, Depienne C, Truchetto J, Garrigues G, Tallaksen C, Tranchant C, Nishizawa M, Vale J, Coutinho P, Santorelli FM, Mhiri C, Brice A, Durr A. Mutations in SPG11 are frequent in autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum, cognitive decline and lower motor neuron degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 131:772-84. [PMID: 18079167 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are neurodegenerative diseases mainly characterized by lower limb spasticity associated, in complicated forms, with additional neurological signs. We have analysed a large series of index patients (n = 76) with this condition, either from families with an autosomal recessive inheritance (n = 43) or isolated patients (n = 33), for mutations in the recently identified SPG11 gene. We found 22 truncating mutations, including the first four splice-site mutations, segregating in seven isolated cases and 13 families. Nineteen mutations were novel. Two recurrent mutations were found in Portuguese and North-African patients indicating founder effects in these populations. The mutation frequency varied according to the phenotype, from 41%, in HSP patients presenting with a thin corpus callosum (TCC) visualized by MRI, to 4.5%, in patients with mental impairment without a TCC. Disease onset occurred during the first to the third decade mainly by problems with gait and/or mental retardation. After a mean disease duration of 14.9 +/- 6.6 years, the phenotype of 38 SPG11 patients was severe with 53% of patients wheelchair bound or bedridden. In addition to mental retardation, 80% of the patients showed cognitive decline with executive dysfunction. Interestingly, the phenotype also frequently included lower motor neuron degeneration (81%) with wasting (53%). Slight ocular cerebellar signs were also noted in patients with long disease durations. In addition to a TCC (95%), brain MRI revealed white matter alterations (69%) and cortical atrophy (81%), which worsened with disease duration. In conclusion, our study reveals the high frequency of SPG11 mutations in patients with HSP, a TCC and cognitive impairment, including in isolated patients, and extends the associated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Stevanin
- 1INSERM, U679, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S679, Paris, France
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Novel mutation in the SPAST gene in a patient with spastic paraparesis. J Neurol 2007; 255:303-4. [PMID: 18038174 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-007-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Klebe S, Durr A, Bouslam N, Grid D, Paternotte C, Depienne C, Hanein S, Bouhouche A, Elleuch N, Azzedine H, Poea-Guyon S, Forlani S, Denis E, Charon C, Hazan J, Brice A, Stevanin G. Spastic paraplegia 5: Locus refinement, candidate gene analysis and clinical description. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:854-61. [PMID: 17503452 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-three different loci for hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) have been mapped, and 15 responsible genes have been identified. Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegias (ARHSPs) usually have clinically complex phenotypes but the SPG5, SPG24, and SPG28 loci are considered to be associated with pure forms of the disease. We performed a genome-wide scan in a large French family. Fine mapping of the refined SPG5 region on chromosome 8q12 was performed in another 17 ARHSP families with additional microsatellite markers. After exclusion of known ARHSP loci, the genome-wide screen provided evidence of linkage with a maximal multipoint lod score of 2.6 in the D8S1113-D8S1699 interval. This interval partially overlapped SPG5 and reduced it to a 5.9 megabase (Mb)-region between D8S1113 and D8S544. In a family of Algerian origin from a series of 17 other ARHSP kindreds, linkage to the SPG5 locus was supported by a multipoint lod score of 2.3. The direct sequencing of the coding exons of seven candidate genes did not detect mutations/polymorphisms in the index cases of both linked families. The phenotype of the two SPG5-linked families consisted of spastic paraparesis associated with deep sensory loss. In several patients with long disease durations, there were also mild cerebellar signs. The frequency of SPG5 was approximately 10% (2/18) in our series of ARHSP families with pure or complex forms. We have refined the SPG5 locus to a 3.8 cM interval and extended the phenotype of this form of ARHSP to include slight cerebellar signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klebe
- INSERM U679, Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6 University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Bouslam N, Bouhouche A, Benomar A, Hanein S, Klebe S, Azzedine H, Di Giandomenico S, Boland-Augé A, Santorelli FM, Durr A, Brice A, Yahyaoui M, Stevanin G. A novel locus for autosomal recessive spastic ataxia on chromosome 17p. Hum Genet 2007; 121:413-20. [PMID: 17273843 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxias are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases usually characterized by the early onset of cerebellar and pyramidal signs. With the collaboration of the clinical European and Mediterranean SPATAX network, we identified 15 families with 34 affected members presenting with ataxia and pyramidal signs or spasticity that were not linked to the ARSACS locus on chromosome 13. In an informative consanguineous Moroccan family, we mapped a novel locus, SAX2, to chromosome 17p13. The minimal linked interval lies in a region of 6.1 cM flanked by markers D17S1845/1583 and D17S1854 (Z(max) = 3.21). Three of the remaining 14 families were also possibly linked to SAX2. The overall clinical picture in nine patients was cerebellar ataxia with pyramidal signs and/or spasticity. Onset occurred before the age of 15 years in two families and in adulthood in the other two. Interestingly, in the largest SAX2 family, the presenting clinical sign was dysarthria, which is not common in other forms of inherited ataxias or spastic ataxias, whereas gait difficulties appeared later. Most cases also showed fasciculations suggesting that both lower and upper motor neurons are involved in the disease process. No mutations were found in the coding exons of KIF1C, ARRB2 and ANKFY1, three genes in the candidate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Bouslam
- Neurology B and Neurogenetics Unit, Specialities Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Gucuyener K, Hirfanoglu T, Ok I, Cansu A, Serdaroglu A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum in a Turkish family. J Child Neurol 2007; 22:214-7. [PMID: 17621486 DOI: 10.1177/0883073807300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is composed of a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders and is classified as pure or complicated due to its clinical variability. Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum is a rare form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. In complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked modes of inheritance have been noted. The diagnostic criteria of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum are inheritance consistent with autosomal recessive trait, slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and mental detoriation, hypoplasia of corpus callosum revealed by brain computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and exclusion of other disorders by magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and brain as well as other laboratory tests. In this report, the authors present the case of 3 affected siblings in a family from Turkey, whereas 1 child and the con-sanguineous parents were healthy. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first reported case of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivilcim Gucuyener
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Winner B, Gross C, Uyanik G, Schulte-Mattler W, Lürding R, Marienhagen J, Bogdahn U, Windpassinger C, Hehr U, Winkler J. Thin corpus callosum and amyotrophy in spastic paraplegia—Case report and review of literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006; 108:692-8. [PMID: 16102895 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the clinical, structural, functional and genetic characterization of a 37-year-old Caucasian female, presenting as a sporadic case of complicated spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (CC), cognitive impairment, amyotrophy of the hand muscles and a sensorimotor neuropathy and review the literature for spastic paraplegia with thin CC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed a thin CC with fronto-parietal cortical atrophy. 18Fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed reduced cortical and thalamic metabolism. By transcranial magnetic stimulation, we delineated a severe impairment of transcallosal inhibition. Sequence analysis did not reveal disease causing mutations in the genes SLC12A6 (Andermann), Spastin (SPG 4), BSCL2 (SPG 17) and Spartin (SPG 20). We reviewed the literature for HSP with thin CC and found 113 HSP patients with thin CC previously described (35 with linkage to chromosome 15q13-15). Thin CC and peripheral neuropathy often appear together in spastic paraplegia and might be indicative for combined degeneration mechanism of central and peripheral axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Winner
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Stevanin G, Montagna G, Azzedine H, Valente EM, Durr A, Scarano V, Bouslam N, Cassandrini D, Denora PS, Criscuolo C, Belarbi S, Orlacchio A, Jonveaux P, Silvestri G, Hernandez AMO, De Michele G, Tazir M, Mariotti C, Brockmann K, Malandrini A, van der Knapp MS, Neri M, Tonekaboni H, Melone MAB, Tessa A, Dotti MT, Tosetti M, Pauri F, Federico A, Casali C, Cruz VT, Loureiro JL, Zara F, Forlani S, Bertini E, Coutinho P, Filla A, Brice A, Santorelli FM. Spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum: description of 20 new families, refinement of the SPG11 locus, candidate gene analysis and evidence of genetic heterogeneity. Neurogenetics 2006; 7:149-56. [PMID: 16699786 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-006-0044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied 20 Mediterranean families (40 patients) with autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia and thin corpus callosum (ARHSP-TCC, MIM 604360) to characterize their clinical and genetic features. In six families (17 patients) of Algerian Italian, Moroccan, and Portuguese ancestry, we found data consistent with linkage to the SPG11 locus on chromosome 15q13-15, whereas, in four families (nine patients of Italian, French, and Portuguese ancestry) linkage to the SPG11 locus could firmly be excluded, reinforcing the notion that ARHSP-TCC is genetically heterogeneous. Patients from linked and unlinked families could not be distinguished on the basis of clinical features alone. In SPG11-linked kindred, haplotype reconstruction allowed significant refinement to 6 cM, of the minimal chromosomal interval, but analysis of two genes (MAP1A and SEMA6D) in this region did not identify causative mutations. Our findings suggest that ARHSP-TCC is the most frequent form of ARHSP in Mediterranean countries and that it is particularly frequent in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Stevanin
- INSERM U679, Salpetriere Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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Sperfeld AD, Kassubek J, Crosby AH, Winner B, Ludolph AC, Uttner I, Hanemann CO. Complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum: variation of phenotypic expression over time. J Neurol 2005; 251:1285-7. [PMID: 15503116 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-004-0562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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