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Bakhit Y, Ibrahim MO, Tesson C, Elhassan AA, Ahmed MA, Alebeed MA, Elrasheed SM, Omar MA, Abubaker R, Eltom K, Shaheen MT, Ibrahim YA, Almak ME, Ali HA, Abugrain AA, Almahal MA, MohamedSharif AA, Tahir MY, Malik SM, Eldirdiri Abdelrahman H, Khidir RJ, Mohamed MT, Abdalla A, Elsayed LEO, Lesage S, Corvol JC, Seidi O, Wüllner U. Intrafamilial and interfamilial heterogeneity of PINK1-associated Parkinson's disease in Sudan. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105401. [PMID: 37150071 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PINK1 is the second most predominant gene associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Homozygous mutations in this gene are associated with an early onset of symptoms. Bradykinesia, tremors, and rigidity are common features, while dystonia, motor fluctuation, and non-motor symptoms occur in a lower percentage of cases and usually respond well to levodopa. We investigated 14 individuals with parkinsonism and eleven symptom-free siblings from three consanguineous Sudanese families, two of them multigenerational, using a custom gene panel screening 34 genes, 27 risk variants, and 8 candidate genes associated with parkinsonism. We found a known pathogenic nonsense PINK1 variant (NM_032409.3:c.1366C>T; p.(Gln456*)), a novel pathogenic single base duplication (NM_032409.3:c.1597dup; p.(Gln533Profs*29)), and another novel pathogenic insertion (NM_032409.3:c.1448_1449ins[1429_1443; TTGAG]; p.(Arg483Serfs*7)). All variants were homozygous and co-segregated in all affected family members. We also identified intrafamilial and interfamilial phenotypic heterogeneity associated with PINK1 mutations in these Sudanese cases, possibly reflecting the nature of the Sudanese population that has a large effective population size, which suggests a higher possibility of novel findings in monogenic and polygenic diseases in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Mohamed O Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ali A Elhassan
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Mohamed A Alebeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salma M Elrasheed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mawia A Omar
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rayan Abubaker
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mutaz T Shaheen
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yousuf A Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Murad E Almak
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba A Ali
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed A Abugrain
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Almahal
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abubaker A MohamedSharif
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Y Tahir
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sawazen M Malik
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hazim Eldirdiri Abdelrahman
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 102 rue de la Sante, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Reem J Khidir
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Malaz T Mohamed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdelmohaymin Abdalla
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Liena E O Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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Pitz V, Makarious M, Bandrés-Ciga S, Iwaki H, Singleton A, Nalls M, Heilbron K, Blauwendraat C. Analysis of rare Parkinson's disease variants in millions of people. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2743857. [PMID: 37090536 PMCID: PMC10120789 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2743857/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Although many rare variants have been reportedly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), many have not been replicated or have failed to replicate. Here, we conduct a large-scale replication of rare PD variants. Methods We assessed a total of 27,590 PD cases, 6,701 PD proxies, and 3,106,080 controls from three data sets: 23andMe, Inc., UK Biobank, and AMP-PD. Based on well-known PD genes, 834 variants of interest were selected from the ClinVar annotated 23andMe dataset. We performed a meta-analysis using summary statistics of all three studies. Results The meta-analysis resulted in 11 significant variants after Bonferroni correction, including variants in GBA1 and LRRK2. At least 9 previously reported pathogenic or risk variants for PD did not pass Bonferroni correction in this analysis. Conclusions Here, we provide the largest rare variant meta-analysis to date, providing thorough information of variants confirmed, newly identified, or rebutted for their association with PD.
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Chapman J, Ng YS, Nicholls TJ. The Maintenance of Mitochondrial DNA Integrity and Dynamics by Mitochondrial Membranes. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090164. [PMID: 32858900 PMCID: PMC7555930 DOI: 10.3390/life10090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that harbour their own genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in the form of a circular double-stranded DNA molecule that must be replicated, segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network. Human cells typically possess between a few hundred and several thousand copies of the mitochondrial genome, located within the mitochondrial matrix in close association with the cristae ultrastructure. The organisation of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network requires mitochondria to be dynamic and undergo both fission and fusion events in coordination with the modulation of cristae architecture. The dysregulation of these processes has profound effects upon mtDNA replication, manifesting as a loss of mtDNA integrity and copy number, and upon the subsequent distribution of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network. Mutations within genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics or cristae modulation cause a wide range of neurological disorders frequently associated with defects in mtDNA maintenance. This review aims to provide an understanding of the biological mechanisms that link mitochondrial dynamics and mtDNA integrity, as well as examine the interplay that occurs between mtDNA, mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chapman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
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Movement Disorders and Deep Brain Stimulation in the Middle East. World Neurosurg 2018; 113:e314-e319. [PMID: 29452314 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established neuromodulation therapy for advanced Parkinson disease, essential tremor and dystonia. In as much as this therapy is being developed in the Middle East, a better understanding of the incidence and prevalence of movement disorders, health care, and social framework is required for the region. METHODS We reviewed current literature on the incidence and prevalence of various movement disorders in the Middle East amenable to DBS surgery. We also assessed recent efforts to develop DBS in the region. RESULTS Available data on incidence and prevalence of movement disorders in the Middle East are old, inconclusive, and conflicting. We identify key areas such as cultural background, availability of accessible information, training, infrastructure, and public support groups in the region that may pose challenges. CONCLUSIONS The Middle East is projected to be a growing market for neuromodulation. The available data on incidence and prevalence of movement disorders is from studies that were small, partial, and old, with inconsistent results, highlighting the need for newer, better-designed, and larger studies. DBS in the Middle East will need assessment of incidence and prevalence of movement disorders, existing challenges to its application, and focused efforts on key opportunities to foster development of DBS for this underserved region. This article is an attempt to identify and explore these challenges and propose solutions in anticipation.
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Kasten M, Marras C, Klein C. Nonmotor Signs in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:129-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Genetic variations associated with six-white-point coat pigmentation in Diannan small-ear pigs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27534. [PMID: 27270507 PMCID: PMC4897638 DOI: 10.1038/srep27534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A common phenotypic difference among domestic animals is variation in coat color. Six-white-point is a pigmentation pattern observed in varying pig breeds, which seems to have evolved through several different mechanistic pathways. Herein, we re-sequenced whole genomes of 31 Diannan small-ear pigs from China and found that the six-white-point coat color in Diannan small-ear pigs is likely regulated by polygenic loci, rather than by the MC1R locus. Strong associations were observed at three loci (EDNRB, CNTLN, and PINK1), which explain about 20 percent of the total coat color variance in the Diannan small-ear pigs. We found a mutation that is highly differentiated between six-white-point and black Diannan small-ear pigs, which is located in a conserved noncoding sequence upstream of the EDNRB gene and is a putative binding site of the CEBPB protein. This study advances our understanding of coat color evolution in Diannan small-ear pigs and expands our traditional knowledge of coat color being a monogenic trait.
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Al-Mubarak BR, Bohlega SA, Alkhairallah TS, Magrashi AI, AlTurki MI, Khalil DS, AlAbdulaziz BS, Abou Al-Shaar H, Mustafa AE, Alyemni EA, Alsaffar BA, Tahir AI, Al Tassan NA. Parkinson's Disease in Saudi Patients: A Genetic Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135950. [PMID: 26274610 PMCID: PMC4537238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the major causes of parkinsonism syndrome. Its characteristic motor symptoms are attributable to dopaminergic neurons loss in the midbrain. Genetic advances have highlighted underlying molecular mechanisms and provided clues to potential therapies. However, most of the studies focusing on the genetic component of PD have been performed on American, European and Asian populations, whereas Arab populations (excluding North African Arabs), particularly Saudis remain to be explored. Here we investigated the genetic causes of PD in Saudis by recruiting 98 PD-cases (sporadic and familial) and screening them for potential pathogenic mutations in PD-established genes; SNCA, PARKIN, PINK1, PARK7/DJ1, LRRK2 and other PD-associated genes using direct sequencing. To our surprise, the screening revealed only three pathogenic point mutations; two in PINK1 and one in PARKIN. In addition to mutational analysis, CNV and cDNA analysis was performed on a subset of patients. Exon/intron dosage alterations in PARKIN were detected and confirmed in 2 cases. Our study suggests that mutations in the ORF of the screened genes are not a common cause of PD in Saudi population; however, these findings by no means exclude the possibility that other genetic events such as gene expression/dosage alteration may be more common nor does it eliminate the possibility of the involvement of novel genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer R. Al-Mubarak
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Saeed A. Bohlega
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer S. Alkhairallah
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna I. Magrashi
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha I. AlTurki
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania S. Khalil
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma S. AlAbdulaziz
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Abou Al-Shaar
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer E. Mustafa
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Alyemni
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer A. Alsaffar
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma I. Tahir
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Al Tassan
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nürnberger L, Klein C, Baudrexel S, Roggendorf J, Hildner M, Chen S, Kang JS, Hilker R, Hagenah J. Ultrasound-based motion analysis demonstrates bilateral arm hypokinesia during gait in heterozygous PINK1 mutation carriers. Mov Disord 2014; 30:386-92. [PMID: 25545816 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carriers of a single heterozygous PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) gene mutation provide an ideal opportunity to study the development of parkinsonian motor signs from the very beginning. Measuring tools that reliably represent mild motor symptoms could also facilitate the assessment of future neuroprotective therapies and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated nine family members carrying a heterozygous PINK1 mutation in comparison with 25 age-matched healthy controls. Arm kinematics were quantified during treadmill walking at four different speeds using ultrasound-based motion analysis. Heterozygous PINK1 mutation carriers showed a bilateral reduction of arm swing amplitudes (P = 0.003) and arm anteversion (P = 0.001), which was more pronounced on the predominantly affected body side but also was present, albeit to a lesser degree, contralaterally (amplitude P = 0.01, anteversion P = 0.002, repeated measures analysis of covariance [rmANCOVA]). Single post-hoc comparisons revealed similar results for all speeds on both body sides (P < 0.05) except for 2.0 km/h on the less affected side. A single heterozygous mutation in the PINK1 gene is associated with a bilateral dopaminergic dysfunction in this family. Ultrasound-based three-dimensional motion analysis of arm swing during gait is a suitable tool to quantify even subtle hypokinesia in mildly affected PINK1 mutation carriers, which tends to be easily overlooked on the less affected body side during clinical examination. Therefore, this technique is a promising application in early stage PD and in at-risk populations for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Nürnberger
- Department of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Song S, Jang S, Park J, Bang S, Choi S, Kwon KY, Zhuang X, Kim E, Chung J. Characterization of PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) mutations associated with Parkinson disease in mammalian cells and Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5660-72. [PMID: 23303188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.430801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) are tightly linked to autosomal recessive Parkinson disease (PD). Although more than 50 mutations in PINK1 have been discovered, the role of these mutations in PD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized 17 representative PINK1 pathogenic mutations in both mammalian cells and Drosophila. These mutations did not affect the typical cleavage patterns and subcellular localization of PINK1 under both normal and damaged mitochondria conditions in mammalian cells. However, PINK1 mutations in the kinase domain failed to translocate Parkin to mitochondria and to induce mitochondrial aggregation. Consistent with the mammalian data, Drosophila PINK1 mutants with mutations in the kinase domain (G426D and L464P) did not genetically interact with Parkin. Furthermore, PINK1-null flies expressing the transgenic G426D mutant displayed defective phenotypes with increasing age, whereas L464P mutant-expressing flies exhibited the phenotypes at an earlier age. Collectively, these results strongly support the hypothesis that the kinase activity of PINK1 is essential for its function and for regulating downstream Parkin functions in mitochondria. We believe that this study provides the basis for understanding the molecular and physiological functions of various PINK1 mutations and provides insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of PINK1-linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saera Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Nuytemans K, Theuns J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic etiology of Parkinson disease associated with mutations in the SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 genes: a mutation update. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:763-80. [PMID: 20506312 PMCID: PMC3056147 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, molecular genetic analyses have identified over 500 distinct DNA variants in five disease genes associated with familial Parkinson disease; alpha-synuclein (SNCA), parkin (PARK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1 (PARK7), and Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). These genetic variants include approximately 82% simple mutations and approximately 18% copy number variations. Some mutation subtypes are likely underestimated because only few studies reported extensive mutation analyses of all five genes, by both exonic sequencing and dosage analyses. Here we present an update of all mutations published to date in the literature, systematically organized in a novel mutation database (http://www.molgen.ua.ac.be/PDmutDB). In addition, we address the biological relevance of putative pathogenic mutations. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive genetic screening of Parkinson patients followed by an insightful study of the functional relevance of observed genetic variants. Moreover, while capturing existing data from the literature it became apparent that several of the five Parkinson genes were also contributing to the genetic etiology of other Lewy Body Diseases and Parkinson-plus syndromes, indicating that mutation screening is recommendable in these patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Nuytemans
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jessie Theuns
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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Samaranch L, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Arbelo JM, Ferrer I, Lorenzo E, Irigoyen J, Pastor MA, Marrero C, Isla C, Herrera-Henriquez J, Pastor P. PINK1-linked parkinsonism is associated with Lewy body pathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 133:1128-42. [PMID: 20356854 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 gene mutations have been associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease. To date, no neuropathological reports have been published from patients with Parkinson's disease with both phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 gene copies mutated. We analysed the coding region of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 gene in a large Spanish family with six members with parkinsonism. The phenotype was characterized by an early-onset (mean: 31.6, standard deviation: 9.6 years, range: 14-45 years), slowly progressive levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, initial gait impairment and psychiatric symptoms. We identified two segregating pathogenic phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 mutations that were either in homozygous or heterozygous compound state in all affected family members. We found an exon 7 deletion (g.16089_16383del293; c.1252_1488del) and a novel+1U1-dependent 5' splice-site mutation in exon 7 (g.16378G>A; c.1488+1G>A). Leukocyte-derived messenger RNA analysis showed that both mutations caused exon 7 skipping and c.1488+1G>A also lead to an in-frame transcript with a 33 base-pair deletion (p.L485_R497del) resulting from activation of a 5' cryptic exon 7 splice site. Single photon emission computed tomography quantification of striatal dopamine transporter binding (123I-Ioflupane) revealed a posterior-anterior gradient similar to that of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, but there was no correlation between striatal reduced uptake and disease duration. Post-mortem neuropathological examination of an early-onset Parkinson's disease carrier of two heterozygous compound phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 mutations showed neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, Lewy bodies and aberrant neurites in the reticular nuclei of the brainstem, substantia nigra pars compacta and Meynert nucleus, but the locus ceruleus and the amygdala were spared. This is the first neuropathological report of the brain from an early-onset phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1-linked parkinsonism showing that mutated phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 protein induces Lewy body pathology. Unbalanced preservation of the locus ceruleus may well play a role in the slow evolution of motor symptoms and, probably, in the psychiatric symptoms often encountered in Parkinson's disease associated with phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Samaranch
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pío XII 55, 31008-Pamplona, Spain
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Valente EM, Michiorri S, Arena G, Gelmetti V. PINK1: one protein, multiple neuroprotective functions. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.09.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the PINK1 gene are the second most frequent cause of autosomal recessive parkinsonism after Parkin, and can represent a risk factor towards sporadic Parkinson’s disease. The PINK1 protein product has been implicated in several functions, mostly aimed at protecting neuronal cells against different types of stress. Growing evidence indicates that PINK1 interplays with other proteins mutated in familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, such as Parkin, DJ-1 and α-synuclein. These interactions contribute to the definition of a complex scenario in which the mainteinance of mitochondrial homeostasis and the clearance of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles represent key neuroprotective processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on PINK1 characteristics and functions, and analyze the network of functional relationships that link PINK1 to other Parkinson’s disease-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, CSS-Mendel Institute, viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy and University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Michiorri
- CSS-Mendel Institute, viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy and Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- CSS-Mendel Institute, viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Vania Gelmetti
- CSS-Mendel Institute, viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy
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Benamer HT, de Silva R, Siddiqui KA, Grosset DG. Parkinson's disease in Arabs: A systematic review. Mov Disord 2008; 23:1205-10. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Klein C, Lohmann-Hedrich K, Rogaeva E, Schlossmacher MG, Lang AE. Deciphering the role of heterozygous mutations in genes associated with parkinsonism. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6:652-62. [PMID: 17582365 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of six genes with monogenic forms of parkinsonism has unambiguously established that the disease has a genetic component. Of these six genes, LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, or PARK8), parkin (PARK2), and PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1, or PARK6) are the most clinically relevant because of their mutation frequency. Insights from initial familial studies suggest that LRRK2-associated parkinsonism is dominantly inherited, whereas parkinsonism linked to parkin or PINK1 is recessive. However, screening of patient cohorts has revealed that up to 70% of people heterozygous for LRRK2 mutations are unaffected, and that more than 50% of patients with mutations in parkin or PINK1 have only a single heterozygous mutation. Deciphering the role of heterozygosity in parkinsonism is important for the development of guidelines for genetic testing, for the counselling of mutation carriers, and for the understanding of late-onset Parkinson's disease. We discuss the roles of heterozygous LRRK2 mutations and heterozygous parkin and PINK1 mutations in the development of parkinsonism, and propose an integrated aetiological model for this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Klein
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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