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Krievins DK, Zellans E, Latkovskis G, Kumsars I, Krievina AK, Jegere S, Erglis A, Lacis A, Plopa E, Stradins P, Ivanova P, Zarins CK. Diagnosis and treatment of ischemia-producing coronary stenoses improves 5-year survival of patients undergoing major vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2024; 80:240-248. [PMID: 38518962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients undergoing vascular surgery procedures have poor long-term survival due to coexisting coronary artery disease (CAD), which is often asymptomatic, undiagnosed, and undertreated. We sought to determine whether preoperative diagnosis of asymptomatic (silent) coronary ischemia using coronary computed tomography (CT)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) together with postoperative ischemia-targeted coronary revascularization can reduce adverse cardiac events and improve long-term survival following major vascular surgery METHODS: In this observational cohort study of 522 patients with no known CAD undergoing elective carotid, peripheral, or aneurysm surgery we compared two groups of patients. Group I included 288 patients enrolled in a prospective Institutional Review Board-approved study of preoperative coronary CT angiography (CTA) and FFRCT testing to detect silent coronary ischemia with selective postoperative coronary revascularization in addition to best medical therapy (BMT) (FFRCT guided), and Group II included 234 matched controls with standard preoperative cardiac evaluation and postoperative BMT alone with no elective coronary revascularization (Usual Care). In the FFRCT group, lesion-specific coronary ischemia was defined as FFRCT ≤0.80 distal to a coronary stenosis, with severe ischemia defined as FFRCT ≤0.75. Results were available for patient management decisions. Endpoints included all-cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE [death, MI, or stroke]) during 5-year follow-up. RESULTS The two groups were similar in age, gender, and comorbidities. In FFRCT, 65% of patients had asymptomatic lesion-specific coronary ischemia, with severe ischemia in 52%, multivessel ischemia in 36% and left main ischemia in 8%. The status of coronary ischemia was unknown in Usual Care. Vascular surgery was performed as planned in both cohorts with no difference in 30-day mortality. In FFRCT, elective ischemia-targeted coronary revascularization was performed in 103 patients 1 to 3 months following surgery. Usual Care had no elective postoperative coronary revascularizations. At 5 years, compared with Usual Care, FFRCT guided had fewer all-cause deaths (16% vs 36%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.60; P < .001), fewer cardiovascular deaths (4% vs 21%; HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.33; P < .001), fewer MIs (4% vs 24%; HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.05-0.33; P < .001), and fewer MACE (20% vs 47%; HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.23-0.56; P < .001). Five-year survival was 84% in FFRCT compared with 64% in Usual Care (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of silent coronary ischemia with ischemia-targeted coronary revascularization in addition to BMT following major vascular surgery was associated with fewer adverse cardiovascular events and improved 5-year survival compared with patients treated with BMT alone as per current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainis K Krievins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Edgars Zellans
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Indulis Kumsars
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Sanda Jegere
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aigars Lacis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Peteris Stradins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Pyun AJ, Goodney PP, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, Wadzinski J, Secemsky EA, Cigarroa JE. Device regulation and surveillance in vascular care: Challenges and opportunities. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 104:84-91. [PMID: 38639136 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular devices are essential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including cerebrovascular, coronary, valvular, congenital, peripheral vascular and arrhythmic diseases. The regulation and surveillance of vascular devices in real-world practice, however, presents challenges during each individual product's life cycle. Four examples illustrate recent challenges and questions regarding safety, appropriate use and efficacy arising from FDA approved devices used in real-world practice. We outline potential pathways wherein providers, regulators and payors could potentially provide high-quality cardiovascular care, identify safety signals, ensure equitable device access, and study potential issues with devices in real-world practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Pyun
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philip P Goodney
- Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- The Society for Vascular Surgery's Patient Safety Organization (SVS-PSO) and Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jens Eldrup-Jorgensen
- The Society for Vascular Surgery's Patient Safety Organization (SVS-PSO) and Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James Wadzinski
- The Society for Vascular Surgery's Patient Safety Organization (SVS-PSO) and Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric A Secemsky
- Division of Vascular Interventions, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joaquin E Cigarroa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
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Latkovskis G, Krievins D, Zellans E, Kumsars I, Krievina A, Angena A, Jegere S, Erglis A, Lacis A, Zarins C. Ischemia-Guided Coronary Revascularization Following Lower-Extremity Revascularization Improves 5-Year Survival of Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. J Endovasc Ther 2024:15266028241245909. [PMID: 38616613 DOI: 10.1177/15266028241245909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether diagnosis of asymptomatic (silent) coronary ischemia using coronary computed tomography (CT)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) together with targeted coronary revascularization of ischemia-producing coronary lesions following lower-extremity revascularization can reduce adverse cardiac events and improve long-term survival of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cohort study of CLTI patients with no cardiac history or symptoms undergoing elective lower-extremity revascularization. Patients with pre-operative coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and FFRCT evaluation with selective post-operative coronary revascularization (FFRCT group) were compared with patients with standard pre-operative evaluation and no post-operative coronary revascularization (control group). Lesion-specific coronary ischemia was defined as FFRCT≤0.80 distal to a coronary stenosis with FFRCT≤0.75 indicating severe ischemia. Endpoints included all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE=CV death, MI, stroke, or unplanned coronary revascularization) during 5 year follow-up. RESULTS In the FFRCT group (n=111), FFRCT analysis revealed asymptomatic (silent) coronary ischemia (FFRCT≤0.80) in 69% of patients, with severe ischemia (FFRCT≤0.75) in 58%, left main ischemia in 8%, and multivessel ischemia in 40% of patients. The status of coronary ischemia in the control group (n=120) was unknown. Following lower-extremity revascularization, 42% of patients in FFRCT had elective coronary revascularization with no elective revascularization in controls. Both groups received guideline-directed medical therapy. During 5 year follow-up, compared with control, the FFRCT group had fewer all-cause deaths (24% vs 47%, hazard ratio [HR]=0.43 [95% confidence interval [CI]=0.27-0.69], p<0.001), fewer cardiac deaths (5% vs 26%, HR=0.18 [95% CI=0.07-0.45], p<0.001), fewer MIs (7% vs 28%, HR=0.21 [95% CI=0.10-0.47], p<0.001), and fewer MACE events (14% vs 39%, HR=0.28 [95% CI=0.15-0.51], p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ischemia-guided coronary revascularization of CLTI patients with asymptomatic (silent) coronary ischemia following lower-extremity revascularization resulted in more than 2-fold reduction in all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, and MACE with improved 5 year survival compared with patients with standard cardiac evaluation and care (76% vs 53%, p<0.001). CLINICAL IMPACT Silent coronary ischemia in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is common even in the absence of cardiac history or symptoms. FFRCT is a convenient tool to diagnose silent coronary ischemia perioperatively. Our data suggest that post-surgery elective FFRCT-guided coronary revascularization reduces adverse cardiac events and improves long-term survival in this very-high risk patient group. Randomized study is warranted to finally test this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavs Latkovskis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dainis Krievins
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Zellans
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Indulis Kumsars
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Sanda Jegere
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aigars Lacis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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D'Angelo O, Menard MT, Farber A. Common Criticisms and Rebuttals of the Best Endovascular Versus Best Surgical Therapy in Patients with Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (BEST-CLI) Trial. Ann Vasc Surg 2024:S0890-5096(24)00149-3. [PMID: 38599479 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The Best Endovascular Versus Best Surgical Therapy in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia trial was a landmark trial which provides high-quality data for the decision-making regarding the treatment of chronic-limb threatening ischemia. Overall, the trial suggests that in patients with adequate greater saphenous vein conduit, bypass surgery should be offered as a first line treatment given superior outcomes. In this article, we outline the common critiques of the trial, followed by responses to provide a deeper understanding of the strengths and limitations of this important trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia D'Angelo
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
| | - Matthew T Menard
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alik Farber
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Creeden T, Jones DW. "Evolution of Drug-Coated Devices for the Treatment of Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia". Ann Vasc Surg 2024:S0890-5096(24)00147-X. [PMID: 38582201 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
For patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia (CLTI), endovascular approaches to revascularization are often employed as a component of multimodality care aimed at limb preservation. However, patients with CLTI are also prone to treatment failure, particularly following balloon angioplasty alone. Drug-coated devices utilizing Paclitaxel were developed to decrease restenosis but have been primarily studied in patients presenting with claudication. In recent years, data have emerged which describe the efficacy of drug-coated devices in the treatment of patients with CLTI. Concurrently, there has been major controversy surrounding the use of drug-coated devices in peripheral arterial disease. A historical narrative of the development and use of drug-coated devices for peripheral arterial disease is presented, along with discussion of major trials. Evidence argues that paclitaxel-based therapies for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) do not increase mortality risk compared to nondrug-coated devices. In CLTI patients, paclitaxel-based balloons and stents provide superior patency and freedom reintervention compared to nondrug-coated devices when treating femoropopliteal disease. However, the use of Paclitaxel-based therapies for below-the-knee (BTK) interventions has not been shown to provide clinically meaningful outcomes compared to nondrug-based therapies. Newer generation antiproliferative agents (Sirolimus, Everolimus) and delivery systems (bioabsorbable scaffolds) hold promise for BTK interventions with early data suggesting decreased rates of major amputation or major adverse limb events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Creeden
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Douglas W Jones
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Medical Center, Worcester, MA.
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Secemsky EA, Yeh RW, Schneider PA, Gray W, Parikh S. The End of a Controversy: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of Paclitaxel-Coated Devices. Am J Cardiol 2024; 216:43-45. [PMID: 38369174 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Robert W Yeh
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter A Schneider
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William Gray
- Division of Cardiology, Lankenau Heart Institute, Main Line Health, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sahil Parikh
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Carter AW, Jayawardana S, Costa-Font J, Nasir K, Krumholz HM, Mossialos E. How to Use Quasi-Experimental Methods in Cardiovascular Research: A Review of Current Practice. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2024; 17:e010078. [PMID: 38362765 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.123.010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quasi-experimental methods (QEMs) are a family of techniques used to estimate causal relationships when randomized controlled trials are unfeasible or unethical. They offer a powerful alternative to observational studies by introducing random assignment of individuals or groups into their design, thereby offering stronger means of establishing causation. The use of QEMs in cardiovascular research has not been systematically examined to determine steps toward improving and expanding their use. METHODS We identified 4 main techniques using a systematic search strategy from 2016 to 2021: instrumental variable analysis, interrupted time series analysis, difference-in-differences analysis, and regression discontinuity designs. QEMs are examined as alternatives to randomized controlled trials and traditional observational studies; as more observational data becomes available to researchers, there are more opportunities to apply these techniques. Eligible articles were selected based on publication in high-ranked journals. The quality of eligible articles was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for quasi-experimental studies. RESULTS Data from 380 studies were extracted based on our inclusion criteria. Forty-two of these studies were published in the top 10 medical or top 20 cardiovascular disease journals, and 25 studies were included after quality appraisal. The review identifies the main features and limitations associated with each technique, providing readers with practical guidance on how to apply these to their research. A graphical decision aid was developed to facilitate the routine use of QEMs. CONCLUSIONS The use of QEMs in cardiovascular research published in contemporary, high-impact articles was examined. Findings are biased toward this segment of literature, which represents the latest developments in this growing area of cardiovascular research. The decision aid is a novel schematic that researchers can adopt into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Carter
- Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom (A.W.C., S.J., J.C.-F., E.M.)
| | - Sahan Jayawardana
- Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom (A.W.C., S.J., J.C.-F., E.M.)
| | - Joan Costa-Font
- Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom (A.W.C., S.J., J.C.-F., E.M.)
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX (K.N.)
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.M.K.)
| | - Elias Mossialos
- Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom (A.W.C., S.J., J.C.-F., E.M.)
- Centre for Health Policy, The Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (E.M.)
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Cui HJ, Wu YF. The Efficacy of Drug-Coated Balloons and Drug-Eluting Stents in Infrapopliteal Revascularization: A Meta-analysis. J Endovasc Ther 2024:15266028231222385. [PMID: 38183240 DOI: 10.1177/15266028231222385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of drug-coated balloon (DCB) and drug-eluting stents (DESs) to standard endovascular techniques like percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and bare metal stent (BMS) for treating infrapopliteal artery disease. METHODS Including 8 DCB trials and 4 DES trials, this meta-analysis of 12 recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is comprehensive. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science of Web, Cochrane, and PubMed for this meta-analysis. We searched these databases for papers from their inception to February 2023. We also analyzed the references given in the listed studies and any future study that cited them. No language or publication date restrictions were applied to the 12 RCTs. The experimental group includes 8 DCB studies and 4 DES investigations, the DCB group is primarily concerned with the paclitaxel devices, whereas the DES group is preoccupied with the "-limus" devices. Key clinical outcomes in this study were primary patency and binary restenosis rates. This study's secondary outcomes are late lumen loss (LLL), clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), limb amputation, and all-cause mortality. The evidence quality was assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias. The PROSPERO registration number for this study is CRD42023462038. FINDINGS Only 108 of 1152 publications found satisfied qualifying criteria and contained data. All 13 RCTs have low to moderate bias. Drug-coated balloons and DESs were compared in the excluded study. The analysis comprised 2055 participants from 12 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria, including 1417 DCB patients and 638 DES patients. Drug-coated balloons outperform traditional methods in short-term monitoring of primary patency, binary restenosis, and CD-TLR. The benefits fade over time, and the 2 techniques had similar major amputation rates, mortality rates, and LLL. Drug-eluting stents outperform conventional procedures in primary patency, binary restenosis, and CD-TLR during medium-term to short-term follow-up. Comparing the 2 methods, major and minor amputations, death rate, and LLL were similar. CONCLUSION Comparison of DES and DCB with PTA or BMS shows that DES had better follow-up results. DCB has positive short-term results, but long-term effects differ, however, more research is needed to determine when DES and DCB should be used in medical procedures. CLINICAL IMPACT The provision of additional evidence to substantiate the advancement of drug-coated balloon (DCB) therapy in the treatment of lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans, particularly in the below-the-knee area characterized by high calcium load and significant occlusion, is comparable in efficacy to conventional procedures. This finding is advantageous for the progress of interventional revascularization. The advancement and efficacy of DCB have resulted in improved treatment outcomes for medical practitioners in clinical settings. Our research incorporates the most recent randomized experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Feng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Block A, Köppe J, Feld J, Kühnemund L, Engelbertz C, Makowski L, Malyar N, Gerß J, Reinecke H, Freisinger E. In-patient characteristics of peripheral artery disease in Germany. VASA 2024; 53:28-38. [PMID: 37964740 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently leads to hospital admission. Sex related differences in in-patient care are a current matter of debate. Patients and methods: Data were provided from the German national in-patient sample provided by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (DESTATIS). Trends on risk profiles, therapeutic procedures, and outcomes were evaluated from 2014 until 2019 stratified by sex and PAD severity. Results: Two-thirds of an annual >191,000 PAD in-patient cases applied to male sex. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) was recorded in 49.6% of male and 55.2% of female cases (2019). CLTI was as a major risk factor of in-hospital amputation (OR 229) and death (OR 10.5), whereas endovascular revascularisation (EVR) with drug-coated devices were associated with decreased risk of in-hospital amputation (OR 0.52; all p<0.001). EVR applied in 47% of CLTI cases compared to 71% in intermittent claudication (IC) irrespective of sex. In-hospital mortality was 4.3% in male vs. 4.8% in female CLTI cases, minor amputations 18.4% vs. 10.9%, and major amputation 7.5% vs. 6.0%, respectively (data 2019; all p<0.001). After adjustment, female sex was associated with lower risk of amputation (OR 0.63) and death (OR 0.96) during in-patient stay. Conclusions: Male PAD patients were twice as likely to be admitted for in-patient treatment despite equal PAD prevalence in the general population. Among in-patient cases, supply with invasive therapy did not relevantly differ by sex, however is strongly reduced in CLTI. CLTI is a major risk factor of adverse short-term outcomes, whereas female sex was associated with lower risk of in-patient amputation and/or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Block
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Jeanette Köppe
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Jannik Feld
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Leonie Kühnemund
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Christiane Engelbertz
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Lena Makowski
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Nasser Malyar
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Joachim Gerß
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
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Albaghdadi M, Young MN, Al-Bawardy R, Monteleone P, Hawkins B, Armstrong E, Kassab M, Khraishah H, Chowdhury M, Tripathi A, Kennedy KK, Secemsky EA. Outcomes of atherectomy in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularisation. EUROINTERVENTION 2023; 19:e955-e963. [PMID: 37750241 PMCID: PMC10719741 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of real-world data on the in-hospital (IH) and post-discharge outcomes in patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) with adjunctive atherectomy. AIMS In this retrospective, registry-based study, we evaluated IH and post-discharge outcomes among patients undergoing PVI, treated with or without atherectomy, in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry PVI Registry. METHODS The IH composite endpoint included procedural complications, bleeding or thrombosis. The primary out-of-hospital endpoint was major amputation at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included repeat endovascular or surgical revascularisation and death. Multivariable regression was used to identify predictors of atherectomy use and its association with clinical endpoints. RESULTS A total of 30,847 patients underwent PVI from 2014 to 2019, including 10,971 (35.6%) treated with atherectomy. The unadjusted rate of the IH endpoint occurred in 524 (4.8%) of the procedures involving atherectomy and 1,041 (5.3%) of non-atherectomy procedures (p=0.07). After adjustment, the use of atherectomy was not associated with an increased risk of the combined IH endpoint (p=0.68). In the 6,889 (22.4%) patients with out-of-hospital data, atherectomy was associated with a reduced risk of amputation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.85; p<0.01) and surgical revascularisation (aHR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.89; p=0.017), no difference in death rates (p=0.10), but an increased risk of endovascular revascularisation (aHR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.39; p<0.01) at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS The use of atherectomy during PVI is common and is not associated with an increase in IH adverse events. Longitudinally, patients treated with atherectomy undergo repeat endovascular reintervention more frequently but experience a reduced risk of amputation and surgical revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael N Young
- Division of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Rasha Al-Bawardy
- National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMARC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Monteleone
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Ascension Texas Cardiovascular, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Ehrin Armstrong
- Adventist Heart Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St. Helena, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Kassab
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haitham Khraishah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Chowdhury
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin K Kennedy
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Watson NW, Mosarla RC, Secemsky EA. Endovascular Interventions for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Contemporary Review. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1611-1622. [PMID: 37804391 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an increasingly prevalent but frequently underdiagnosed condition that can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. While an initial noninvasive approach is the cornerstone of management, revascularization is often pursued for patients with treatment-refractory claudication or chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). In this review, we discuss the current state of endovascular interventions for PAD and explore the many new emerging technologies. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has resulted in numerous advances in PAD interventions including the ongoing evolution of drug-coated devices, novel approaches to complex lesions, and contemporary evidence from large clinical trials for CLTI. Advances in endovascular management have allowed for increasingly complex lesions to be tackled percutaneously. Future directions for the field include the continued evolution in device technology, continued development of state-of-the-art techniques to revascularization of complex lesions, and increased collaboration between a largely multidisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Watson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramya C Mosarla
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Secemsky
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Evans P, Sobieszczyk P, Eisenhauer AC, Ostrowski S, Todoran TM, Kinlay S. Risk of Mortality Related to Recurrent Limb Events After Endovascular Revascularization of the Superficial Femoral Artery for Peripheral Artery Disease: The Boston Femoral Artery Endovascular Revascularization Outcomes (Boston FAROUT) Study. Am J Cardiol 2023; 205:425-430. [PMID: 37666014 PMCID: PMC10530587 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Endovascular revascularization of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) may lead to recurrent ischemic syndromes, revascularization, or amputation. The impact of these events on mortality is unknown. We followed all patients having SFA endovascular revascularization for claudication or chronic limb-threatening ischemia in 2 cardiovascular (CV) divisions in Boston, Massachusetts. Any recurrent limb event after the initial SFA revascularization included recurrent claudication (67%), limb ulceration or gangrene (13%), repeat endovascular revascularization (61%), surgical revascularization (15%), or major (9%) or minor amputation (8%). We linked data to the National Death Index to ascertain cause of death grouped into CV mortality, or non-CV mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from Cox proportional hazards and sub-HRs from Fine-Gray competing risks analyses were clustered by patient. Overall, there were 202 patients with 253 index limb endovascular procedures. A recurrent limb event occurred in 123 limbs (49%) and 93 patients (46%). Patients with and without recurrent limb events had similar numbers of deaths over follow-up (76 [62%] vs 71 [55%], respectively). In multivariable models, recurrent limb event was not related to all-cause death (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.33), CV death (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.30), or non-CV death (HR 0.65, CI 0.39 to 1.07). Competing risk analyses suggested male gender and chronic limb-threatening ischemia were more strongly related to CV death, and chronic kidney more strongly related to disease to non-CV death. In conclusion, recurrent limb events, which contribute to patient morbidity, do not increase the risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality, and should not discourage repeat revascularization to relieve symptoms or ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Evans
- Cardiovascular Division, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piotr Sobieszczyk
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Simon Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas M Todoran
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Cardiovascular Division, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Scott Kinlay
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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13
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Fransson T, Gottsäter A, Abdulrasak M, Malina M, Resch T. Randomized clinical Trial Comparing drug Eluting Stent Zilver PTX® Versus Bare Metal Stent Zilver Flex® for Treatment of Lesions in Femoral and Popliteal Arteries in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2023; 57:706-716. [PMID: 37085152 DOI: 10.1177/15385744231171746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug eluting stents (DES) might improve the results of stenting in the femoropopliteal (FP) segment, but randomized data between DES and BMS in the treatment of patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) is lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a randomized comparison, between DES and bare metal stent (BMS) implantation in a subgroup of CLTI patients with lesions in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and the P1-P2 portion of the popliteal artery. METHODS Patients presenting with CLTI scheduled for endovascular treatment of FP lesions were randomly assigned by blinded envelopes 1:1 in a single blinded, parallel group design to DES or BMS after lesion crossing. Primary endpoints were target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 and 24 months and primary patency at 12 and 24 months. Secondary endpoints were technical success (TS), clinical success, secondary patency at 12 and 24 months, limb salvage, serious adverse events (SAE) at 24 month and survival at five years. RESULTS A total of 48 CLTI patients and 49 limbs, were enrolled, 22 in the BMS group and 27 in the DES group. Demographics, comorbidities, and Rutherford class were similar in both treatment arms. The overall rate of total occlusions was 96% and the corresponding overall median lesion length was 240 mm. No patients were lost to follow up. No significant differences were detected between groups regarding TLR and primary patency. The overall primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 42.9% and 36.7% respectively and the overall freedom from TLR was 67.3% and 61.2% respectively. The results in the two groups were also similar regarding secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This single centre, randomized study could not demonstrate superiority of DES compared to BMS when treating long FP lesions in patients with CLTI but was limited by insufficient patient inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Fransson
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Gottsäter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Abdulrasak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Malina
- West London Vascular and Interventional Centre, Northwick Park University Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Timothy Resch
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Da Zhuang K, Irani FG, Gogna A, Too CW, Tan BS, Tay KH. The Role of Drug-Coated Balloon in Haemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis Management. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1144-1153. [PMID: 37414842 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis is a common problem leading to dialysis access dysfunction. The conventional balloon (CB) is the most commonly used device during angioplasty but suffers from poor durability of results due to neointimal hyperplasia-mediated recurrence. The drug-coated balloon (DCB) is an adjunct to balloon angioplasty that reduces neointimal hyperplasia, thereby improving post-angioplasty patency. Despite the heterogeneity of DCB clinical trials to date, the evidence suggests that DCBs of different brands are not necessarily equal, and that patient selection, adequate lesion preparation and proper DCB procedural technique are important to realize the benefit of DCB angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Da Zhuang
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Farah Gillan Irani
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Apoorva Gogna
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Chow Wei Too
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Bien Soo Tan
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Kiang Hiong Tay
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
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15
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Kinlay S, Sobieszczyk P, Eisenhauer AC, Ostrowski S, Todoran TM. Patient and limb outcomes 10 years after endovascular revascularization of the superficial femoral artery for peripheral artery disease: The Boston Femoral Artery Endovascular Revascularization Outcomes (Boston FAROUT) study. Vasc Med 2023; 28:290-298. [PMID: 37211818 PMCID: PMC10527919 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x231174052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe patient and limb outcomes in the decade after endovascular revascularization for chronic lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS We assessed outcomes in patients having endovascular revascularization of the superficial femoral artery in two centers between 2003 and 2011 and followed for a median 9.3 (25-75%: 6.8, 11.1) years. Outcomes included death, myocardial infarction, stroke, repeat limb revascularizations, and amputations. We used competing risks analysis with clustering by patient to determine the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for patients, and procedural characteristics for cause of death, cardiovascular events, and major adverse limb events (MALE). RESULTS There were 253 index limb revascularizations in 202 patients followed for a median 9.3 years. Patients had intensive medical treatment with 90% on statins and 80% on beta-blockers. During follow up there were 57 (28%) cardiovascular deaths and 62 (31%) noncardiovascular deaths. Of the 253 limbs, 227 (90%) were free of MALE over follow up and 93 (37%) had MALE or minor repeat revascularization. In multivariable models, cardiovascular death significantly associated with critical limb ischemia (HR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.84, 5.61) and noncardiovascular death with chronic kidney disease (HR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.68, 4.30), and smoking (HR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.01, 7.52). MALE or minor repeat revascularization associated with critical limb ischemia (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.84, 2.43), smoking (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.26, 4.90), and lesion length > 200 mm (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.98, 2.33). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with intensive medical therapy, the risk of noncardiovascular death was high and similar to cardiovascular death. Endovascular intervention can have acceptable long-term results. Future studies should evaluate strategies to reduce both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kinlay
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sobieszczyk
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew C Eisenhauer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston, ME, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Todoran
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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16
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Sato Y, Kawakami R, Kawai K, Konishi T, Vozenilek AE, Ghosh SKB, Abebe B, Romero ME, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R, Finn AV. Local, Downstream, and Systemic Evaluation after Femoral Artery Angioplasty with Kanshas Drug-Coated Balloons In Vitro and in a Healthy Swine Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1166-1175.e2. [PMID: 37003576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of distal embolism and local vascular responses after treatment with the Kanshas drug-coated balloon (DCB) in a preclinical model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 90 femoral arteries from 35 healthy swine were treated with a single-dose (×1) or triple-dose (×3) Kanshas DCB that applies the Unicoat technology with 3.2 μg/mm2 of paclitaxel. An uncoated Kanshas balloon was used as a control. The arterial wall, downstream skeletal muscle, and nontarget organs (kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and heart) were histologically evaluated. For pharmacokinetic evaluation, a total of 40 healthy swine were treated with ×1 Kanshas DCB, and treated vessels were evaluated ex vivo with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Arteries treated with the Kanshas DCB showed mild proteoglycan deposition accompanied by the loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). These changes increased in a dose-dependent manner (medial SMC loss at 28 days in the ×1 vs ×3 groups, in depth, 1 (0.75-1.38) vs 2 (1.63-2.44); P = .0008; in circumference, 0.83 (0.67-1) vs 1.5 (1.19-1.81); P = .0071). No evidence of distal embolization in skeletal muscles (0 of 210 histological sections) and nontarget organs (0 of 345 sections) was observed. The pharmacokinetic evaluation showed high paclitaxel concentration in the treated artery (912 ng/mg, peaking at 3 minutes), which remained detectable at up to 180 days (0.04 ng/mg). CONCLUSIONS The Kanshas DCB showed a local drug effect in treated arteries up to 180 days with a high concentration of paclitaxel and no histological evidence of distal embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland; University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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17
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Gunnarsson T, Gottsäter A, Lindgren H. Response to: "Stenting of the Superficial Femoral Artery for Intermittent Claudication". Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 65:913-914. [PMID: 36933650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thordur Gunnarsson
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Anders Gottsäter
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hans Lindgren
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden
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18
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Bozzani A, Arici V, Sterpetti AV. Re: Stenting of the Superficial Femoral Artery for Intermittent Claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 65:913. [PMID: 36933647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bozzani
- Vascular Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Arici
- Vascular Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Lamberti N, Traina L, Savriè C, Tsolaki E, Rinaldo N, Straudi S, Guerzoni F, Napoli N, Manfredini R, Gasbarro V, Manfredini F. Lower All-Cause Mortality Risk in Females and Males with Peripheral Artery Disease following Pain-Free Home-Based Exercise: A 7-Year Observational Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040636. [PMID: 37109022 PMCID: PMC10143366 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the sex-specific difference in response upon participation in an exercise program with respect to the risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and claudication. The records of 400 PAD patients were assessed between 2012 and 2015. Two hundred of them were addressed to a walking program prescribed at the hospital and executed at home at symptom-free walking speed (Ex), while the remaining 200 acted as a control group (Co). The number and date of deaths, all-cause hospitalizations, and amputations for a 7-year period were collected from the regional registry. At baseline, no differences were observed (MEXn = 138; FEXn = 62; MCOn = 149; FCOn = 51). The 7-year survival rate was significantly higher in FEX (90%) than in MEX (82% hazard ratio, HR: 0.542 95% CI 0.331-0.885), FCO (45%, HR: 0.164 95% CI 0.088-0.305), and MCO (44%; HR: 0.157 95% CI 0.096-0.256). A significantly lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.001) and amputations (p = 0.016) was observed for the Ex group compared to the Co group, without differences by sex. In conclusion, in PAD patients, active participation in a home-based pain-free exercise program was associated with a lower rate of death and better long-term clinical outcomes, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Traina
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Savriè
- Clinica Medica Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elpiniki Tsolaki
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Guerzoni
- Health Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Health Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfredini
- Clinica Medica Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Jang SJ, Hsieh CA, Chang YT, Chen IC, Liu KL, Tzeng IS, Chou HH, Ko YL, Chang HC, Huang HL. Repetition of Paclitaxel-Coated Devices for the Treatment of Lower Extremity Artery Disease: Mortality Outcomes and Predictors. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:331-342. [PMID: 36911540 PMCID: PMC9999189 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202303_39(2).20220815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background A recent meta-analysis reported late excess mortality in patients treated with paclitaxel-coated devices (PCDs) for symptomatic femoropopliteal disease. However, this finding is controversial. Objectives To investigate the impact on mortality and predictors of repeat exposure to PCDs in patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LE-PAD). Methods We analyzed registry patient-level data from two centers. A total of 214 patients were enrolled, and stratified based on terciles of cumulative dose of paclitaxel. We treated 134 patients with a single PCD exposure and 80 with multiple PCD exposures. We used the follow-up index (FUI) in Kaplan-Meier survival estimates to minimize potential selection bias. We used Cox proportional hazard and splines models to determine the predictors of mortality and assess their relationships with mortality. Results The mean cumulative dose of paclitaxel was significantly different among groups (6.40 mg vs. 15.06 mg vs. 38.57 mg, p < 0.001). The 5-year FUI (0.93 ± 0.19 vs. 0.94 ± 0.18 vs. 0.95 ± 0.15, p = 0.836) and survival rates were not different (65.4% vs. 51.9% vs. 72.0%, p = 0.148). There was no dose-response association between paclitaxel dosage and death (p = 0.297). The predictors of death were congestive heart failure, stroke, dialysis dependence, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3, age > 71 years, and body mass index (BMI) < 20 kg/m2. Spline model analysis validated the non-linear associations between mortality, age, BMI, and NLR. Conclusions Repeated PCD exposure for LE-PAD did not result in excess late mortality. Predictors of mortality might change over time, and continuous variables had non-linear relationships with death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jung Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Chien-An Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - Yao-Ting Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - I-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan
| | - Kuan-Liang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical, Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Heng-Chia Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - Hsuan-Li Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City.,School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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21
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Mao J, Sedrakyan A, Goodney PP, Malone M, Cavanaugh KJ, Marinac-Dabic D, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, Bertges DJ. Editor's Choice - Real World Study of Mortality After the Use of Paclitaxel Coated Devices in Peripheral Vascular Intervention. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 65:131-140. [PMID: 36007713 PMCID: PMC9839562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This observational cohort study examined outcomes after peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) with paclitaxel coated devices (PCD) and non-PCD, and evaluated heterogeneity of treatment effect in populations of interest. METHODS The study included patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and or stent placement between 1 October 2015 and 31 December 2018 in the Vascular Quality Initiative Registry linked to Medicare claims. It determined differences in patient mortality and ipsilateral major amputation after PVI with PCD and non-PCD using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regressions with inverse probability weighting in three cohorts: (A) patients treated for femoropopliteal or infrapopliteal occlusive disease with or without any other concurrent treatment (n = 11 452); (B) those treated for isolated superficial femoral or popliteal artery disease (n = 5 519); and (C) patients with inclusion criteria designed to approximate RCT populations (n = 2 278). RESULTS The mean age of patients was 72.3 (SD = 10.9) years, and 40.6% were female. In cohort A, patients receiving PCD had a lower mortality rate (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79 - 0.98) than those receiving non-PCD. There was no significant difference in mortality between groups in cohort B (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.80 - 1.04) and cohort C (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.84 - 1.43). Patients receiving PCD did not have a significantly elevated risk of major amputation compared with those receiving non-PCD (cohort A: HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 - 1.00; cohort B: HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 - 1.06; and cohort C: HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.51 - 2.14). CONCLUSION No increased patient mortality or major amputation was found at three years after PVI with PCD vs. non-PCD in this large, linked registry claims study, after accounting for heterogeneity of treatment effect by population. The analysis and results from three cohorts intended to mirror the cohorts of previous studies provide robust and niche real world evidence on PCD safety and help to understand and reconcile previously discrepant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Mao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Art Sedrakyan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Philip P Goodney
- Section of Vascular Surgery and the Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Centre, Lebanon, USA
| | - Misti Malone
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Kenneth J Cavanaugh
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Danica Marinac-Dabic
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Bertges
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Centre, Division of Vascular Surgery, Burlington, USA.
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22
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Secemsky EA, Barrette E, Bockstedt L, Yeh RW. Assessment of the Social Security Administration Death Master File for Comparative Analysis Studies of Peripheral Vascular Devices. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 26:55-59. [PMID: 35680547 PMCID: PMC9722978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the reliability the Social Security Administration Death Master File (SSADMF) for evaluating mortality in comparative peripheral vascular device studies. METHODS We leveraged 2 versions of an administrative claims data set that were identical except for the source of mortality data. The SSADMF was the primary source of mortality records in one version. The SSADMF was combined with mortality from Medicare beneficiary records in the other. Our study was set in the context of a comparative effectiveness analysis of recent Food and Drug Administration interest involving peripheral paclitaxel-coated devices. Mortality of patients with Medicare Advantage insurance coverage from 2015 to 2018 who underwent femoropopliteal artery revascularization with a drug-coated device (DCD) or non-DCD was assessed through 2019. Covariate differences between treatment groups were adjusted by inverse propensity treatment weighting. The hazard ratio of DCD to non-DCD mortality was estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS The cumulative incidences of mortality differed substantially between versions of the data. Nevertheless, we could not reject the null hypothesis that the hazard ratios of the SSADMF (1.05; 95% confidence interval 0.95-1.17) and the Master Beneficiary Summary File/SSADMF (1.03; 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.11) were the same (P = .63). CONCLUSIONS The SSADMF is a common source of mortality records in the United States that can be linked to real-world data sources but is known to underreport mortality rates. We find that the SSADMF provides a reliable source of all-cause mortality for a comparative study assessing the safety of peripheral vascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Robert W Yeh
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Divakaran S, Meissner MH, Kohi MP, Chen S, Song Y, Hawkins BM, Rosenfield K, Parikh SA, Secemsky EA. Utilization of and Outcomes Associated with Intravascular Ultrasound during Deep Venous Stent Placement among Medicare Beneficiaries. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:1476-1484.e2. [PMID: 35998803 PMCID: PMC9758974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate temporal trends, practice variation, and associated outcomes with the use of intravascular ultrasound (US) during deep venous stent placement among Medicare beneficiaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS All lower extremity deep venous stent placement procedures performed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019 among Medicare beneficiaries were included. Temporal trends in intravascular US use were stratified by procedural setting and physician specialty. The primary outcome was a composite of 12-month all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, or repeat target vessel intervention. The secondary outcome was a composite of 12-month stent thrombosis, embolization, or restenosis. RESULTS Among the 20,984 deep venous interventions performed during the study period, 15,184 (72.4%) utilized intravascular US. Moderate growth in intravascular US use was observed during the study period in all clinical settings. There was a variation in the use of intravascular US among all operators (median, 77.3% of cases; interquartile range, 20.0%-99.2%). In weighted analyses, intravascular US use during deep venous stent placement was associated with a lower risk of both the primary (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.76; P < .001) and secondary (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27-0.39; P < .001) composite end points. CONCLUSIONS Intravascular US is frequently used during deep venous stent placement among Medicare beneficiaries, with further increase in use from 2017 to 2019. The utilization of intravascular US as part of a procedural strategy was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes after the procedure, including venous stent thrombosis and embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Divakaran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/SanjayDivakaran
| | - Mark H Meissner
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maureen P Kohi
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Siyan Chen
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Song
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beau M Hawkins
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kenneth Rosenfield
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sahil A Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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24
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Wittig T, Schmidt A, Kabelitz M, Hukauf M, Pflug T, Scheinert D, Steiner S. Safety and Efficacy of All Comers Treated with a Paclitaxel Coated Balloon for Below Knee Intervention. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 64:516-525. [PMID: 35973667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on paclitaxel coated balloons (PCBs) for below knee (BTK) angioplasty exhibited conflicting efficacy results, and previous meta-analyses suggested an increased mortality and amputation risk highlighting the need for further research. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and efficacy of PCBs for BTK interventions in a real world cohort. METHODS Within a single centre cohort study, 552 consecutive patients were included undergoing BTK interventions with and without PCB use. Two year safety and efficacy results were compared in unadjusted and propensity score matched (PSM) analysis. RESULTS BTK interventions were performed in 157 patients with PCB angioplasty (100% Lutonix 0.014 inch drug coated balloon; Bard Lutonix, New Hope, MN, USA) and 395 patients with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA). The majority of interventions (> 70%) were performed for chronic limb threatening ischaemia. Mean lesion length was 20.8 ± 12.6 cm; 61.2% in the PCB and 66.7% in the POBA group were occlusions. In the PCB group, more procedures were performed for re-stenotic lesions than POBA (28.5 vs. 17.2%). In PSM analysis (128 matched pairs), the primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularisation (CD TLR), which occurred in 70.1% in the PCB and 73.1% in the POBA group at one year (p = .85; McNemar test). Survival analysis suggested lower rates of major amputations in the PCB group in unadjusted (94.4% ± 2.1 vs. 89.2% ± 1.9 in the POBA group) and PSM analyses (97.2% ± 1.6 vs. 89.3% ± 3.5) through two years, while no differences were seen for CD TLR and all cause mortality between the groups. CONCLUSION In this all comer analysis, PCBs were found to be safe for BTK interventions with a signal towards lower amputation rates but no benefit was seen for repeat revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wittig
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Schmidt
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Toni Pflug
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral, MIC- und Gefäßchirurgie, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land, Borna, Germany
| | - Dierk Scheinert
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Steiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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25
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Divakaran S, Parikh SA, Hawkins BM, Chen S, Song Y, Banerjee S, Rosenfield K, Secemsky EA. Temporal Trends, Practice Variation, and Associated Outcomes With IVUS Use During Peripheral Arterial Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:2080-2090. [PMID: 36265940 PMCID: PMC9758975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2022.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been shown in limited prospective studies to improve procedural outcomes for patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral arterial intervention (PVI). OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to study temporal trends, practice variation, and associated outcomes with the use of IVUS during PVI among Medicare beneficiaries. METHODS All PVIs performed from 2016 to 2019 among Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years were included. Temporal trends in IVUS use were stratified by procedural location (inpatient, outpatient, or ambulatory surgery center [ASC]/office-based laboratory [OBL]) and physician specialty. The primary outcome was major adverse limb events (MALE). Inverse probability weighting was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Cox regression with competing risks was used to estimate weighted hazard ratios. RESULTS During the study period, 543,488 PVIs were included, of which 63,372 (11.7%) used IVUS. A substantial growth in IVUS use was observed, which was driven by procedures performed in ASCs/OBLs (23.6% increase from quarter 1 of 2016 through quarter 4 of 2019). Among operators who used IVUS, there was also notable variation in use (median operator use 5.4% of cases; IQR: 2.2%-15.0%; range, <1%-100%). In weighted analysis, IVUS use during PVI was associated with a lower risk of MALE through a median of 514 days (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.70-0.75; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In contemporary nationwide data, IVUS use during PVI has increased since 2016, driven by growth in the ASC/OBL setting. However, there remains substantial variation in operator practice. When used during PVI, IVUS was associated with a lower risk of short- and long-term MALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Divakaran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. https://twitter.com/SanjayDivakaran
| | - Sahil A Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beau M Hawkins
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Siyan Chen
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Rosenfield
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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26
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Mosarla RC, Armstrong E, Bitton-Faiwiszewski Y, Schneider PA, Secemsky EA. State-of-the-Art Endovascular Therapies for the Femoropopliteal Segment: Are We There Yet? JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY & INTERVENTIONS 2022; 1. [PMID: 36268042 PMCID: PMC9581461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is an increasingly prevalent condition with significant associated morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. Endovascular interventions are appropriate for most patients with either ongoing symptoms of intermittent claudication despite lifestyle and medical optimization or chronic limb-threatening ischemia. The femoropopliteal segment is the most common arterial culprit responsible for claudication and the most commonly revascularized segment. Endovascular approaches to revascularization of the femoropopliteal segment are advancing with an evolving landscape of techniques for arterial access, device-based therapies, vessel preparation, and intraprocedural imaging. These advances have been marked by debate and controversy, notably related to the safety of paclitaxel-based devices and necessity of atherectomy. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the current evidence, practice patterns, emerging evidence, and technological advances for endovascular intervention of the femoropopliteal arterial segment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehrin Armstrong
- Adventist Heart and Vascular Institute, St Helena, California
| | | | | | - Eric A. Secemsky
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: (E.A. Secemsky)
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Abstract
Endovascular revascularization strategies have advanced tremendously over the years and are now often considered first line for treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been developed as one of the tools to overcome the limitations of elastic recoil and neointimal hyperplasia observed with balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents. While these stents have been extremely successful in coronary revascularization, they have not translated as effectively to the peripheral arteries which differ in their unique mechanical environments and differences in vessel and lesion composition. DESs, through their embedded pharmaceutical agent, seek to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. Paclitaxel, sirolimus, and its derivatives (-limus family) achieve VSMC inhibition through unique mechanisms. Several clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the use of DES in the femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal territory and have demonstrated overall decrease in revascularization rates and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Velagapudi
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sreekumar Madassery
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Voll F, Wolf F, Ingwersen M, Kinstner CM, Kufner S, Ibrahim T, Ott I, Krankenberg H, Fusaro M, Cassese S. Diabetes mellitus and femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis. VASA 2022; 51:247-255. [DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Background: The influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on recurrent in-stent restenosis (ISR) of femoropopliteal arteries remains understudied. We investigated whether DM has an impact on recurrent restenosis after femoropopliteal stenting in patients included in the dRug-coatEd balloon angioPlasty for femoropopliteAl In-stent Restenosis (REPAIR) cooperation. Patients and methods: The REPAIR cooperation pooled the patient-level data from 3 randomized trials in which patients with ISR of femoropopliteal arteries received either drug-coated balloon (DCB) or plain balloon angioplasty. For this analysis, patients were divided in two groups based on whether they had or had not a DM diagnosis at the time of enrollment. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR). The main secondary outcome was recurrent ISR. Other outcomes of interest were death, Rutherford class improvement and ankle-brachial index at follow-up. Results: 256 patients (DM, n=99 vs. non-DM, n=157) with 12-month follow-up were included in the analysis. Compared to non-DM patients, DM patients displayed no difference in terms of TLR [adjusted hazard ratio (95% Confidence intervals): 0.96 (0.55, 1.69), p=0.89] and recurrent ISR [1.04 (0.61, 1.77), p=0.88], whilst mortality was higher [9.38 (1.06, 83.11), p=0.044]. There were no differences between groups with respect to other secondary outcomes. The percutaneous treatment with DCB as compared to plain balloon angioplasty significantly reduced the risk of TLR and recurrent ISR without an excess risk of death irrespective of DM (p for interaction ≥0.70). Conclusions: In patients with femoropopliteal ISR, diabetes has a neutral effect on the risk of recurrence, but increases mortality at 12-month follow-up. DCB as compared to plain balloon angioplasty is associated with superior efficacy without trade-off in safety, regardless of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Voll
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Wolf
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Ingwersen
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian M. Kinstner
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kufner
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Tareq Ibrahim
- I. Medical Department – Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ilka Ott
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Cardiology Clinic, Helios Hospital Pforzheim, Germany
| | | | - Massimiliano Fusaro
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Klinik Vincentinum, Augsburg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Salvatore Cassese
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
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29
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Kalbus V, Kärkkäinen JM, Wallin W, Kettunen M, Koivusalo K, Hartikainen J, Halonen J, Saari P. Use of paclitaxcel-coated balloons in clinical setting is not associated with increased mortality compared to plain balloon angioplasty in femoropopliteal lesions. J Vasc Surg 2022; 76:979-986. [PMID: 35709851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mortality and causes of death associated with the use of paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) compared to plain balloon (PB) angioplasty in the treatment of femoropopliteal artery lesions in real-world clinical setting. METHODS This retrospective single-center study included patients who underwent percutaneous femoropopliteal artery angioplasty without stenting between years 2014 and 2020. Patients were stratified into PCB and PB groups according to the index procedure. Those who had undergone any prior or subsequent intervention using drug-eluting technology were excluded from the PB group. Long-term survival was estimated up to 5 years using the Kaplan-Meier method and risk factors for all-cause mortality were assessed in a multivariable analysis. Causes of death were retrieved from a national registry. RESULTS The study included 139 patients treated with PB and 190 with PCB. Patients treated with PCB had higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease (27% vs 17%; P=0.02) and were less often on anticoagulant therapy (34% vs 48%; P=0.01) compared to patients in the PB group. Those treated with PB were more likely to have chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI; 82% vs 72%; P=0.04). Ipsilateral perioperative amputation rate was significantly higher in the PB group (7% vs 1%; P=0.01). There were no major differences in other 30-day outcomes between the groups and no differences in the rates of reinterventions and ipsilateral amputations during a mean follow-up time of 2.7±1.9 years. Survival at 1-year in the PCB group was 83±3% compared to 73±4% in the PB group (P=0.0001). The 5-year survival estimates were 56±5% and 37±5%, respectively. PCB use was independently associated with decreased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.97). Independent risk factors for increased mortality were age (HR 1.04 per year; 95% CI 1.02-1.06), cardiac insufficiency (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.12-2.27), chronic renal insufficiency (HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.47-2.85), anticoagulation therapy (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.16-2.34) and CLTI (HR 2.85; 95% CI 1.51-5.39). In the PCB group, 63% of deaths were due to cardiovascular causes compared to 42% in the PB group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The use of PCB is safe and there is no concern of increased mortality after the procedure based on the 5-year survival estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viljar Kalbus
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Moona Kettunen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalle Koivusalo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Hartikainen
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Halonen
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Saari
- Radiology Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Secemsky EA, Song Y, Schermerhorn M, Yeh RW. Update from the Longitudinal Assessment of Safety of Femoropopliteal Endovascular Treatment With Paclitaxel-Coated Devices Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The SAFE-PAD Study. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS 2022; 15:e012074. [PMID: 35593638 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.122.012074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Secemsky
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (E.A.S., Y.S., R.W.Y.).,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.S., M.S., R.W.Y.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (E.A.S., R.W.Y.)
| | - Yang Song
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (E.A.S., Y.S., R.W.Y.).,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.S., M.S., R.W.Y.)
| | - Marc Schermerhorn
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.S.)
| | - Robert W Yeh
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (E.A.S., Y.S., R.W.Y.).,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.A.S., M.S., R.W.Y.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (E.A.S., R.W.Y.)
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31
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Bair EC, McCarver BC, Cooper NT, Greif BA, Major M, Wang S, Lewis AJ, Ryer EJ, Elmore JR, Salzler GG. The Use of Paclitaxel-Coated Devices in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Is Not Associated with Increased Mortality or Amputations. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 87:64-70. [PMID: 35595205 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Strategies for the most effective treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remain controversial among clinicians. Several trials have shown improved primary patency of femoropopliteal interventions with the utilization of paclitaxel-coated balloons or stents (DCBS) compared to conventional balloons or stents. However, a 2018 meta-analysis suggested an increased mortality risk for patients receiving DCBS, resulting in an international pause in the use of DCBS. A 2021 meta-analysis by the same group suggested an increased risk of major amputation following DCBS use in peripheral arterial revascularization procedures. Here we report our long-term institutional outcomes comparing uncoated devices to DCBS. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients who underwent peripheral arterial angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, or a combination between 2011 and 2020 within a regional healthcare system was performed. Univariate, multivariate and survival analyses were performed using standard statistical methods to assess the primary endpoints of overall survival, 5-year survival, and amputation-free survival. RESULTS A total of 2717 patients were identified, of whom 1965 were treated with conventional uncoated devices and 752 were treated with DCBS. Univariate analysis showed that patients treated with non-DCBS had higher rates of overall mortality, major amputations, as well as mortality at 1, 3 and 5 years. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that use of conventional devices, age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, MI, TIA, warfarin use and atrial fibrillation all significantly increased the risk of 5-year mortality, overall mortality, and combined mortality and/or amputation. CONCLUSIONS DCBS are not associated with increased mortality or worse amputation-free survival in this real-world cohort of patients treated for PAD. Our data suggest that mortality is more closely linked with pre-existing patient comorbidities rather than device selection at the time of revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Bair
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Beau C McCarver
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Neal T Cooper
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Benjamin A Greif
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Matthew Major
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Shengxuan Wang
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Anthony J Lewis
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Evan J Ryer
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - James R Elmore
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center
| | - Gregory G Salzler
- -Department of Endovascular & Vascular Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center.
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32
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Secemsky EA, Kochar A. Illuminating the Path for Novel Peripheral Drug-Eluting Stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:627-629. [PMID: 35219619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Secemsky
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Ajar Kochar
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Stern AD, Brönneke J, Debatin JF, Hagen J, Matthies H, Patel S, Clay I, Eskofier B, Herr A, Hoeller K, Jaksa A, Kramer DB, Kyhlstedt M, Lofgren KT, Mahendraratnam N, Muehlan H, Reif S, Riedemann L, Goldsack JC. Advancing digital health applications: priorities for innovation in real-world evidence generation. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e200-e206. [DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Liu KL, Tzeng IS, Chen IC, Jang SJ, Chou HH, Huang HL. Midterm Mortality between Single or Multiple Exposure to Paclitaxel Coated Devices for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 63:521-522. [PMID: 34836789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Liang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Li Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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