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Lu M, Wang X, Sun N, Huang S, Yang L, Li D. Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid reveals candidate diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish between spinal muscular atrophy type II and type III. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14718. [PMID: 38615366 PMCID: PMC11016346 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Classification of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is associated with the clinical prognosis; however, objective classification markers are scarce. This study aimed to identify metabolic markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with SMA types II and III. METHODS CSF samples were collected from 40 patients with SMA (27 with type II and 13 with type III) and analyzed for metabolites. RESULTS We identified 135 metabolites associated with SMA types II and III. These were associated with lysine degradation and arginine, proline, and tyrosine metabolism. We identified seven metabolites associated with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale: 4-chlorophenylacetic acid, adb-chminaca,(+/-)-, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid, norethindrone acetate, 4-(undecan-5-yl) benzene-1-sulfonic acid, dihydromaleimide beta-d-glucoside, and cinobufagin. Potential typing biomarkers, N-cyclohexylformamide, cinobufagin, cotinine glucuronide, N-myristoyl arginine, 4-chlorophenylacetic acid, geranic acid, 4-(undecan-5-yl) benzene, and 7,8-diamino pelargonate, showed good predictive performance. Among these, N-myristoyl arginine was unaffected by the gene phenotype. CONCLUSION This study identified metabolic markers are promising candidate prognostic factors for SMA. We also identified the metabolic pathways associated with the severity of SMA. These assessments can help predict the outcomes of screening SMA classification biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Lu
- Department of Pediatricsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Pediatricsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Pediatricsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shaoping Huang
- Department of Pediatricsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatricsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatricsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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2
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Aziz A, Rehman U, Sheikh A, Abourehab MAS, Kesharwani P. Lipid-based nanocarrier mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:398-418. [PMID: 36083788 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing has opened new avenues for therapies that show great potential for treating or curing cancers, genetic disorders, and microbial infections such as HIV. CRISPR/Cas9 tool is highly efficacious in revolutionizing the advent of genome editing; however, its efficient and safe delivery is a major hurdle due to its cellular impermeability and instability. Nano vectors could be explored to scale up the safe and effective delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. This review highlights the importance of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in cancer treatment along with the effect of lipid-based nanoparticles in its safe delivery to cancer cells. The solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipid nanoparticles and niosomes have shown great effect in the delivery of CRISPR compounds to the cancer cells. The design and genome editing application in cancer therapy has been discussed along with the future concern and prospects of lipid nanoparticle based CRISPR/Cas9 has been focused toward the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Urushi Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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3
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Groh WJ, Bhakta D, Tomaselli GF, Aleong RG, Teixeira RA, Amato A, Asirvatham SJ, Cha YM, Corrado D, Duboc D, Goldberger ZD, Horie M, Hornyak JE, Jefferies JL, Kääb S, Kalman JM, Kertesz NJ, Lakdawala NK, Lambiase PD, Lubitz SA, McMillan HJ, McNally EM, Milone M, Namboodiri N, Nazarian S, Patton KK, Russo V, Sacher F, Santangeli P, Shen WK, Sobral Filho DC, Stambler BS, Stöllberger C, Wahbi K, Wehrens XHT, Weiner MM, Wheeler MT, Zeppenfeld K. 2022 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation and management of arrhythmic risk in neuromuscular disorders. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:e61-e120. [PMID: 35500790 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide electrophysiologists, cardiologists, other clinicians, and health care professionals in caring for patients with arrhythmic complications of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). The document presents an overview of arrhythmias in NMDs followed by detailed sections on specific disorders: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2; myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B; facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy; and mitochondrial myopathies, including Friedreich ataxia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome, with an emphasis on managing arrhythmic cardiac manifestations. End-of-life management of arrhythmias in patients with NMDs is also covered. The document sections were drafted by the writing committee members according to their area of expertise. The recommendations represent the consensus opinion of the expert writing group, graded by class of recommendation and level of evidence utilizing defined criteria. The recommendations were made available for public comment; the document underwent review by the Heart Rhythm Society Scientific and Clinical Documents Committee and external review and endorsement by the partner and collaborating societies. Changes were incorporated based on these reviews. By using a breadth of accumulated available evidence, the document is designed to provide practical and actionable clinical information and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias and thus improve the care of patients with NMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Groh
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Deepak Bhakta
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Amato
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Duboc
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Minoru Horie
- Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Neal K Lakdawala
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, University College London, and St Bartholomew's Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hugh J McMillan
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Narayanan Namboodiri
- Sree Chitra Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | | | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Stöllberger
- Second Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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4
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Narayanaswami P, Živković S. Molecular and Genetic Therapies. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Liu J, Guo ZN, Yan XL, Yang Y, Huang S. Brain Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755392. [PMID: 34867280 PMCID: PMC8634727 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy that affects multiple systems including the muscle and heart. The mutant CTG expansion at the 3'-UTR of the DMPK gene causes the expression of toxic RNA that aggregate as nuclear foci. The foci then interfere with RNA-binding proteins, affecting hundreds of mis-spliced effector genes, leading to aberrant alternative splicing and loss of effector gene product functions, ultimately resulting in systemic disorders. In recent years, increasing clinical, imaging, and pathological evidence have indicated that DM1, though to a lesser extent, could also be recognized as true brain diseases, with more and more researchers dedicating to develop novel therapeutic tools dealing with it. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the pathogenesis and pathology of central nervous system (CNS) deficits in DM1, intervention measures currently being investigated are also highlighted, aiming to promote novel and cutting-edge therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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6
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Gao Z, Lu A, Daquinag AC, Yu Y, Huard M, Tseng C, Gao X, Huard J, Kolonin MG. Partial Ablation of Non-Myogenic Progenitor Cells as a Therapeutic Approach to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101519. [PMID: 34680151 PMCID: PMC8534118 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by the loss of dystrophin, remains incurable. Reduction in muscle regeneration with DMD is associated with the accumulation of fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) differentiating into myofibroblasts and leading to a buildup of the collagenous tissue aggravating DMD pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are activated in muscle during DMD progression and give rise to FAPs promoting DMD progression. Here, we hypothesized that muscle dysfunction in DMD could be delayed via genetic or pharmacologic depletion of MSC-derived FAPs. In this paper, we test this hypothesis in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. To reduce fibro/adipose infiltration and potentiate muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), we used a model for inducible genetic ablation of proliferating MSCs via a suicide transgene, viral thymidine kinase (TK), expressed under the Pdgfrb promoter. We also tested if MSCs from fat tissue, the adipose stromal cells (ASCs), contribute to FAPs and could be targeted in DMD. Pharmacological ablation was performed with a hunter-killer peptide D-CAN targeting ASCs. MSC depletion with these approaches resulted in increased endurance, measured based on treadmill running, as well as grip strength, without significantly affecting fibrosis. Although more research is needed, our results suggest that depletion of pathogenic MSCs mitigates muscle damage and delays the loss of muscle function in mouse models of DMD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Humans
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Myofibroblasts/cytology
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.G.); (A.C.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Aiping Lu
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (A.L.); (M.H.); (X.G.)
| | - Alexes C. Daquinag
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.G.); (A.C.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.G.); (A.C.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Matthieu Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (A.L.); (M.H.); (X.G.)
| | - Chieh Tseng
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (A.L.); (M.H.); (X.G.)
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (A.L.); (M.H.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (M.G.K.); Tel.: +970-479-1595 (J.H.); +713-500-3146 (M.G.K.)
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.G.); (A.C.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (M.G.K.); Tel.: +970-479-1595 (J.H.); +713-500-3146 (M.G.K.)
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7
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Janik E, Niemcewicz M, Ceremuga M, Krzowski L, Saluk-Bijak J, Bijak M. Various Aspects of a Gene Editing System-CRISPR-Cas9. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9604. [PMID: 33339441 PMCID: PMC7767219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their cooperation with CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes is one of the greatest advances of the century and has marked their application as a powerful genome engineering tool. The CRISPR-Cas system was discovered as a part of the adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea to defend from plasmids and phages. CRISPR has been found to be an advanced alternative to zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) for gene editing and regulation, as the CRISPR-Cas9 protein remains the same for various gene targets and just a short guide RNA sequence needs to be altered to redirect the site-specific cleavage. Due to its high efficiency and precision, the Cas9 protein derived from the type II CRISPR system has been found to have applications in many fields of science. Although CRISPR-Cas9 allows easy genome editing and has a number of benefits, we should not ignore the important ethical and biosafety issues. Moreover, any tool that has great potential and offers significant capabilities carries a level of risk of being used for non-legal purposes. In this review, we present a brief history and mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We also describe on the applications of this technology in gene regulation and genome editing; the treatment of cancer and other diseases; and limitations and concerns of the use of CRISPR-Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Michal Ceremuga
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Krzowski
- Biodefense Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.)
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8
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Ramezankhani R, Minaei N, Haddadi M, Torabi S, Hesaraki M, Mirzaei H, Vosough M, Verfaillie CM. Gene editing technology for improving life quality: A dream coming true? Clin Genet 2020; 99:67-83. [PMID: 32506418 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fact that monogenic diseases are related to mutations in one specific gene, make gene correction one of the promising strategies in the future to treat genetic diseases or alleviate their symptoms. From this perspective, and along with recent advances in technology, genome editing tools have gained momentum and developed fast. In fact, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are regarded as novel technologies which are able to correct a number of genetic aberrations in vitro and in vivo. The number of ongoing clinical trials employing these tools has been increased showing the encouraging outcomes of these tools. However, there are still some major challenges with respect to the safety profile and directed delivery of them. In this paper, we provided updated information regarding the history, nature, methods of delivery, and application of the above-mentioned gene editing tools along with the meganucleases (an older similar tool) based on published in vitro and in vivo studies and introduced clinical trials which employed these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ramezankhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neda Minaei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Haddadi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shukoofeh Torabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Abstract
There is no shortage of enthusiasm for the clinical potential of CRISPR-based genome editing: many life-changing cures appear to be just around the corner. However, as mature genetic therapies reach the market, it seems that million-dollar price tags are the new normal. Several factors contribute to the extreme pricing of next-generation medicines, including the need to recoup development costs, the undeniable value of these powerful therapies, and the inherent technical challenges of manufacture and delivery. CRISPR technology has been hailed as a great leveler and a democratizing force in biomedicine. But for this principle to hold true in clinical contexts, therapeutic genome editing must avoid several pitfalls that could substantially limit access to its transformative potential, especially in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Wilson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Dana Carroll
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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10
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Novel PGD strategy based on single sperm linkage analysis for carriers of single gene pathogenic variant and chromosome reciprocal translocation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1239-1250. [PMID: 32350783 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) analysis can be challenging for couples who carry more than one genetic condition. In this study, we describe a new PGD strategy to select which embryo(s) to transfer for two clinically challenging cases. Both cases lack essential family members for linkage analysis including de novo mutation combined with reciprocal translocation. METHODS Diverging from conventional method, we performed direct point mutation detection, quantitative analysis of gene copy number, combined with linkage analysis assisted by SNP information from single sperm (or polar bodies), thus establishing an all-in-one protocol for single embryonic cell preimplantation diagnosis for two co-existing genetic conditions (monogenic disease and chromosomal abnormality) on the NGS-based platform. RESULTS Using this newly developed method, 15 embryos from two cases were screened, and two embryos were determined as free of the monogenic disease and specific chromosomal abnormalities created by the prospective father's reciprocal translocations. CONCLUSION This novel PGD strategy could effectively select unaffected embryo(s) for couples affected with or carrying a monogenetic disease and a reciprocal chromosome translocation concurrently.
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11
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Scott T, Soemardy C, Morris KV. Development of a Facile Approach for Generating Chemically Modified CRISPR/Cas9 RNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1176-1185. [PMID: 32069700 PMCID: PMC7019045 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-guided, modified type II prokaryotic CRISPR with CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9) system represents a simple gene-editing platform with applications in biotechnology and also potentially as a therapeutic modality. The system requires a small guide RNA (sgRNA) and a catalytic Cas9 protein to induce non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) at break sites, resulting in the formation of inactivating mutations, or through homology-directed repair (HDR) can engineer in specific sequence changes. Although CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful technology, the effects can be limited as a result of nuclease-mediated degradation of the RNA components. Significant research has focused on the solid-phase synthesis of CRISPR RNA components with chemically modified bases, but this approach is technically challenging and expensive. Development of a simple, generic approach to generate chemically modified CRISPR RNAs may broaden applications that require nuclease-resistant CRISPR components. We report here the development of a novel, functional U-replaced trans-activating RNA (tracrRNA) that can be in vitro transcribed with chemically stabilizing 2'-fluoro (2'F)-pyrimidines. These data represent a unique and facile approach to generating chemically stabilized CRISPR RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Scott
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Citradewi Soemardy
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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12
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Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Pour MJR, Rostami D, Renani PG, Rastgar-Moghadam A, Hayat SMG. Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy and Therapy: Insights into Cell and Gene-based Approaches. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:386-394. [PMID: 32067617 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200218113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD) are genetically heterogeneous disorders, responsible for muscle wasting and severe form of dystrophies. Despite the critical developments in the insight and information of pathomechanisms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, any definitive treatments do not exist, and current strategies are only based on the improvement of the signs of disorder and to enhance the life quality without resolving an underlying cause. There is a crucial relationship between pharmacological therapy and different consequences; therefore, other treatment strategies will be required. New approaches, such as gene replacement, gene transfer, exon skipping, siRNA knockdown, and anti-myostatin therapy, which can target specific cellular or molecular mechanism of LGMD, could be a promising avenue for the treatment. Recently, genome engineering strategies with a focus on molecular tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 are used to different types of neuromuscular disorders and show the highest potential for clinical translation of these therapies. Thus, recent advancements and challenges in the field will be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad J R Pour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- Department of School Allied, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Pedram G Renani
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azam Rastgar-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M G Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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13
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Ricci F, Vacchetti M, Brusa C, Vercelli L, Davico C, Vitiello B, Mongini T. New pharmacotherapies for genetic neuromuscular disorders: opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:757-770. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1634543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ricci
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Hospital, and Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Vacchetti
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Hospital, and Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Brusa
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”; Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Davico
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Hospital, and Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Hospital, and Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”; Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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14
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Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is among the most common non-dystrophic congenital myopathies (incidence 1:50.000). Hallmark features of NM are skeletal muscle weakness and the presence of nemaline bodies in the muscle fiber. The clinical phenotype of NM patients is quite diverse, ranging from neonatal death to normal lifespan with almost normal motor function. As the respiratory muscles are involved as well, severely affected patients are ventilator-dependent. The mechanisms underlying muscle weakness in NM are currently poorly understood. Therefore, no therapeutic treatment is available yet. Eleven implicated genes have been identified: ten genes encode proteins that are either components of thin filament, or are thought to contribute to stability or turnover of thin filament proteins. The thin filament is a major constituent of the sarcomere, the smallest contractile unit in muscle. It is at this level of contraction – thin-thick filament interaction – where muscle weakness originates in NM patients. This review focusses on how sarcomeric gene mutations directly compromise sarcomere function in NM. Insight into the contribution of sarcomeric dysfunction to muscle weakness in NM, across the genes involved, will direct towards the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Coen A.C. Ottenheijm
- Correspondence to: Coen Ottenheijm, PhD, Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, O|2 building, 12W-51, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 20 4448123; Fax: +31 20 4448124; E-mail:
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15
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Zeeshan S, Xiong R, Liang BT, Ahmed Z. 100 Years of evolving gene-disease complexities and scientific debutants. Brief Bioinform 2019; 21:885-905. [PMID: 30972412 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It's been over 100 years since the word `gene' is around and progressively evolving in several scientific directions. Time-to-time technological advancements have heavily revolutionized the field of genomics, especially when it's about, e.g. triple code development, gene number proposition, genetic mapping, data banks, gene-disease maps, catalogs of human genes and genetic disorders, CRISPR/Cas9, big data and next generation sequencing, etc. In this manuscript, we present the progress of genomics from pea plant genetics to the human genome project and highlight the molecular, technical and computational developments. Studying genome and epigenome led to the fundamentals of development and progression of human diseases, which includes chromosomal, monogenic, multifactorial and mitochondrial diseases. World Health Organization has classified, standardized and maintained all human diseases, when many academic and commercial online systems are sharing information about genes and linking to associated diseases. To efficiently fathom the wealth of this biological data, there is a crucial need to generate appropriate gene annotation repositories and resources. Our focus has been how many gene-disease databases are available worldwide and which sources are authentic, timely updated and recommended for research and clinical purposes. In this manuscript, we have discussed and compared 43 such databases and bioinformatics applications, which enable users to connect, explore and, if possible, download gene-disease data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Zeeshan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ruoyun Xiong
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA.,Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA
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16
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Nelson CE, Wu Y, Gemberling MP, Oliver ML, Waller MA, Bohning JD, Robinson-Hamm JN, Bulaklak K, Castellanos Rivera RM, Collier JH, Asokan A, Gersbach CA. Long-term evaluation of AAV-CRISPR genome editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Med 2019; 25:427-432. [PMID: 30778238 PMCID: PMC6455975 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic disorder and a candidate for therapeutic genome editing. There have been several recent reports of genome editing in preclinical models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy1-6, however, the long-term persistence and safety of these genome editing approaches have not been addressed. Here we show that genome editing and dystrophin protein restoration is sustained in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy for 1 year after a single intravenous administration of an adeno-associated virus that encodes CRISPR (AAV-CRISPR). We also show that AAV-CRISPR is immunogenic when administered to adult mice7; however, humoral and cellular immune responses can be avoided by treating neonatal mice. Additionally, we describe unintended genome and transcript alterations induced by AAV-CRISPR that should be considered for the development of AAV-CRISPR as a therapeutic approach. This study shows the potential of AAV-CRISPR for permanent genome corrections and highlights aspects of host response and alternative genome editing outcomes that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew P Gemberling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew L Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew A Waller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel D Bohning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Robinson-Hamm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karen Bulaklak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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17
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Seidl CI, Fulga TA, Murphy CL. CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of MMP13 in human chondrocytes leads to significantly reduced levels of the metalloproteinase and enhanced type II collagen accumulation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:140-147. [PMID: 30223022 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated editing in human chondrocytes, and to develop a genome editing approach relevant to cell-based repair. METHODS Transfection of human articular chondrocytes (both healthy and osteoarthritic) with ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP) containing Cas9 and a crisprRNA targeting exon2 of MMP13 was performed to assess editing efficiency and effects on MMP13 protein levels and enzymatic activity. Using spheroid cultures, protein levels of a major target of MMP13, type II collagen, were assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS With an editing efficiency of 63-74%, secreted MMP13 protein levels and activity were significantly reduced (percentage decrease 34.14% without and 67.97% with IL-1β based on median values of MMP13 enzymatic activity, N = 7) comparing non-edited with edited cell populations using an exon-targeting gRNA resulting in premature stop codons through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Accumulation of cartilage matrix protein type II collagen was enhanced in edited cells in spheroid culture, compared to non-edited controls. CONCLUSION CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing can be used to efficiently and reproducibly establish populations of human chondrocytes with stably reduced expression of key genes of interest without the need for clonal selection. Such an editing approach has the potential to greatly enhance current cell-based therapies for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Seidl
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - T A Fulga
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - C L Murphy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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18
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Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy not only associated with muscle weakness, atrophy, and myotonia but also prominent multisystem involvement. There are 2 similar, but distinct, forms of myotonic dystrophy; type 1 is caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the DMPK gene, and type 2 is caused by a CCTG repeat expansion in the CNBP gene. Type 1 is associated with distal limb, neck flexor, and bulbar weakness and results in different phenotypic subtypes with variable onset from congenital to very late-onset as well as variable signs and symptoms. The classically described adult-onset form is the most common. In contrast, myotonic dystrophy type 2 is adult-onset or late-onset, has proximal predominant muscle weakness, and generally has less severe multisystem involvement. In both forms of myotonic dystrophy, the best characterized disease mechanism is a RNA toxic gain-of-function during which RNA repeats form nuclear foci resulting in sequestration of RNA-binding proteins and, therefore, dysregulated splicing of premessenger RNA. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies, but clinical surveillance, preventative measures, and supportive treatments are used to reduce the impact of muscular impairment and other systemic involvement including cataracts, cardiac conduction abnormalities, fatigue, central nervous system dysfunction, respiratory weakness, dysphagia, and endocrine dysfunction. Exciting preclinical progress has been made in identifying a number of potential strategies including genome editing, small molecule therapeutics, and antisense oligonucleotide-based therapies to target the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophies at the DNA, RNA, or downstream target level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha LoRusso
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin Weiner
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 West 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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19
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Therapeutic potential of combined viral transduction and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1827-1835. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To construct a framework to understand the different molecular interventions for muscular dystrophy. RECENT FINDINGS The recent approval of antisense oligonucleotides treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy and current clinical trials using recombinant adeno-associated virus for the treatment of those diseases suggests that we are at a tipping point where we are able to treat and potentially cure muscular dystrophies. Understanding the basic molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies and the molecular biology of the treatment allows for critical evaluation of the proposed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Y Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6465, USA
| | - Leo H Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6465, USA.
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21
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Kitada M, Dezawa M. Congress report: A report of the 16th Congress of the Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Regen Ther 2018; 8:15-19. [PMID: 30271861 PMCID: PMC6146112 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16th Congress of the Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine was held from March 7-9, 2017, at Sendai International Center (Sendai city). The theme of this congress was "the renaissance of regenerative medicine" and it was an opportunity for information exchange between industry-leading researchers, doctors/dentists, and industry professionals. The objectives of the congress were to provide a place to promote and develop research in regenerative medicine. Numerous topics were covered in the 1 presidential lecture, 1 congress chair's lecture, 3 special lectures, the special symposia (2 sessions, 10 topics), symposia (41 sessions, 227 topics), evening symposia (3 sessions, 12 topics), joint symposium with another society (1 session, 4 topics), and presentations covering regular presentations including distinct presentations (oral presentations, 2 sessions, 8 topics), oral presentations (65 sessions, 383 topics), and poster presentations (44 sessions, 339 topics). There were co-organized seminars including 31 sessions for co-organized luncheon seminars, 2 sessions for co-organized evening seminars, and an up-to-date technology introduction corner, which hosted 153 organizations. Additionally, 4 special seminars and 3 hands-on training programs were hosted as part of the hands-on learning program for high school students during the congress. There were 3527 participants, and the event was a great success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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22
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Nelson CE, Robinson-Hamm JN, Gersbach CA. Genome engineering: a new approach to gene therapy for neuromuscular disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:647-661. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Madigan NN, Staff NP, Windebank AJ, Benarroch EE. Genome editing technologies and their potential to treat neurologic disease. Neurology 2017; 89:1739-1748. [PMID: 28931646 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan P Staff
- From the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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24
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Gourdon G, Meola G. Myotonic Dystrophies: State of the Art of New Therapeutic Developments for the CNS. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:101. [PMID: 28473756 PMCID: PMC5397409 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophies are multisystemic diseases characterized not only by muscle and heart dysfunction but also by CNS alteration. They are now recognized as brain diseases affecting newborns and children for myotonic dystrophy type 1 and adults for both myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2. In the past two decades, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the DM symptoms allowing development of new molecular therapeutic tools with the ultimate aim of curing the disease. This review describes the state of the art for the characterization of CNS related symptoms, the development of molecular strategies to target the CNS as well as the available tools for screening and testing new possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Gourdon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163Paris, France.,Laboratory CTGDM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Policlinico San Donato (IRCCS), University of MilanMilan, Italy
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25
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Abstract
Mitochondrial disease is a challenging area of genetics because two distinct genomes can contribute to disease pathogenesis. It is also challenging clinically because of the myriad of different symptoms and, until recently, a lack of a genetic diagnosis in many patients. The last five years has brought remarkable progress in this area. We provide a brief overview of mitochondrial origin, function, and biology, which are key to understanding the genetic basis of mitochondrial disease. However, the primary purpose of this review is to describe the recent advances related to the diagnosis, genetic basis, and prevention of mitochondrial disease, highlighting the newly described disease genes and the evolving methodologies aimed at preventing mitochondrial DNA disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey Craven
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;
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26
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Zhang Y, Long C, Li H, McAnally JR, Baskin KK, Shelton JM, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. CRISPR-Cpf1 correction of muscular dystrophy mutations in human cardiomyocytes and mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602814. [PMID: 28439558 PMCID: PMC5389745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the X-linked dystrophin gene (DMD), is characterized by fatal degeneration of striated muscles. Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the most common lethal features of the disease. We deployed Cpf1, a unique class 2 CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) effector, to correct DMD mutations in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Cpf1-mediated genomic editing of human iPSCs, either by skipping of an out-of-frame DMD exon or by correcting a nonsense mutation, restored dystrophin expression after differentiation to cardiomyocytes and enhanced contractile function. Similarly, pathophysiological hallmarks of muscular dystrophy were corrected in mdx mice following Cpf1-mediated germline editing. These findings are the first to show the efficiency of Cpf1-mediated correction of genetic mutations in human cells and an animal disease model and represent a significant step toward therapeutic translation of gene editing for correction of DMD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chengzu Long
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John R. McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kedryn K. Baskin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John M. Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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27
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Prospects of Pluripotent and Adult Stem Cells for Rare Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:371-386. [PMID: 29214583 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases are highly diverse and complex regarding molecular underpinning and clinical manifestation and afflict millions of patients worldwide. The lack of appropriate model systems with face and construct validity and the limited availability of live tissues and cells from patients has largely hampered the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. As a consequence, there are no adequate treatment options available for the vast majority of rare diseases. Over the last decade, remarkable progress in pluripotent and adult stem cell biology and the advent of powerful genomic technologies opened up exciting new avenues for the investigation, diagnosis, and personalized therapy of intractable human diseases. Utilizing the entire range of available stem cell types will continue to cross-fertilize different research areas and leverage the investigation of rare diseases based on evidence-based medicine. Standardized cell engineering and manufacturing from inexhaustible stem cell sources should lay the foundation for next-generation drug discovery and cell therapies that are broadly applicable in regenerative medicine. In this chapter we discuss how patient- and disease-specific iPS cells as well as adult stem cells are changing the pace of biomedical research and the translational landscape.
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