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Pigorini A, Avanzini P, Barborica A, Bénar CG, David O, Farisco M, Keller CJ, Manfridi A, Mikulan E, Paulk AC, Roehri N, Subramanian A, Vulliémoz S, Zelmann R. Simultaneous invasive and non-invasive recordings in humans: A novel Rosetta stone for deciphering brain activity. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110160. [PMID: 38734149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous noninvasive and invasive electrophysiological recordings provide a unique opportunity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of human brain activity, much like a Rosetta stone for human neuroscience. In this review we focus on the increasingly-used powerful combination of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). We first provide practical insight on how to achieve these technically challenging recordings. We then provide examples from clinical research on how simultaneous recordings are advancing our understanding of epilepsy. This is followed by the illustration of how human neuroscience and methodological advances could benefit from these simultaneous recordings. We conclude with a call for open data sharing and collaboration, while ensuring neuroethical approaches and argue that only with a true collaborative approach the promises of simultaneous recordings will be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pigorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; UOC Maxillo-facial Surgery and dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Christian-G Bénar
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1106, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier David
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1106, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Michele Farisco
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 256, Uppsala, SE 751 05, Sweden; Science and Society Unit Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Via Camporeale snc, Ariano Irpino, AV 83031, Italy
| | - Corey J Keller
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94394, USA
| | - Alfredo Manfridi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Mikulan
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Roehri
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Dpt of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Subramanian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94394, USA
| | - Serge Vulliémoz
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Dpt of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Alick-Lindstrom S, Venkatesh P, Perven G, Wabulya A, Yang QZJ, Sirsi D, Podkorytova I. Back to Basics: Care of the Stereotactic EEG Implanted Patient. J Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 41:415-422. [PMID: 38935655 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic EEG (SEEG) is gaining increasing popularity in the United States. Patients undergoing SEEG have unique challenges, and their needs are different compared with noninvasive cases. We aim to describe the medical, nursing, and other institutional practices of SEEG evaluations among tertiary referral (level IV) epilepsy centers accredited by the National Association of Epilepsy Centers. METHODS We analyzed data obtained from a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey we formulated and distributed to directors of all level IV epilepsy centers listed by the National Association of Epilepsy Center. Most questions were addressed to the adult and pediatric SEEG programs separately. RESULTS Among 199 epilepsy center directors invited to complete the survey, 90 (45%) responded. Eighty-three centers (92%) reported they perform SEEG evaluations. Of the 83 respondents, 56 perform SEEG in adult and 47 in pediatric patients. Twenty-two centers evaluate both pediatric and adult subjects. The highest concordance of SEEG workflow was in (1) epilepsy monitoring unit stay duration (1-2 weeks, 79% adult and 85% pediatric programs), (2) use of sleep deprivation (94% both adult and pediatric) and photic stimulation (79% adult and 70% pediatric) for seizure activation, (3) performing electrical cortical stimulation at the end of SEEG evaluation after spontaneous seizures are captured (84% adult and 88% pediatric), and (4) daily head-wrap inspection (76% adult and 80% pediatric). Significant intercenter variabilities were noted in the other aspects of SEEG workflow. CONCLUSIONS Results showed significant variability in SEEG workflow across polled centers. Prospective, multicenter protocols will help the future development and harmonization of optimal practice patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Alick-Lindstrom
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | | | - Ghazala Perven
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Angela Wabulya
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Qian-Zhou JoJo Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A.; and
| | - Deepa Sirsi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center/UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Irina Podkorytova
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
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Srichawla BS. Future of neurocritical care: Integrating neurophysics, multimodal monitoring, and machine learning. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13:91397. [PMID: 38855276 PMCID: PMC11155497 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.91397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Multimodal monitoring (MMM) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has become increasingly sophisticated with the integration of neurophysical principles. However, the challenge remains to select and interpret the most appropriate combination of neuromonitoring modalities to optimize patient outcomes. This manuscript reviewed current neuromonitoring tools, focusing on intracranial pressure, cerebral electrical activity, metabolism, and invasive and noninvasive autoregulation monitoring. In addition, the integration of advanced machine learning and data science tools within the ICU were discussed. Invasive monitoring includes analysis of intracranial pressure waveforms, jugular venous oximetry, monitoring of brain tissue oxygenation, thermal diffusion flowmetry, electrocorticography, depth electroencephalography, and cerebral microdialysis. Noninvasive measures include transcranial Doppler, tympanic membrane displacement, near-infrared spectroscopy, optic nerve sheath diameter, positron emission tomography, and systemic hemodynamic monitoring including heart rate variability analysis. The neurophysical basis and clinical relevance of each method within the ICU setting were examined. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise by helping to analyze and interpret data in real time from continuous MMM tools, helping clinicians make more accurate and timely decisions. These algorithms can integrate diverse data streams to generate predictive models for patient outcomes and optimize treatment strategies. MMM, grounded in neurophysics, offers a more nuanced understanding of cerebral physiology and disease in the ICU. Although each modality has its strengths and limitations, its integrated use, especially in combination with machine learning algorithms, can offer invaluable information for individualized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar S Srichawla
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
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4
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Lacuey N, Talavera B, Magana-Tellez O, Mancera-Páez O, Hupp N, Luo X, Hampson JP, Hampson J, Rani RS, Ochoa-Urrea M, Alamoudi OA, Melius S, Pati S, Gavvala J, Tandon N, Mosher JC, Lhatoo SD. Ictal Central Apnea Is Predictive of Mesial Temporal Seizure Onset: An Intracranial Investigation. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:998-1008. [PMID: 38400804 PMCID: PMC11061876 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ictal central apnea (ICA) is a semiological sign of focal epilepsy, associated with temporal and frontal lobe seizures. In this study, using qualitative and quantitative approaches, we aimed to assess the localizational value of ICA. We also aimed to compare ICA clinical utility in relation to other seizure semiological features of focal epilepsy. METHODS We analyzed seizures in patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy undergoing intracranial stereotactic electroencephalographic (SEEG) evaluations with simultaneous multimodal cardiorespiratory monitoring. A total of 179 seizures in 72 patients with reliable artifact-free respiratory signal were analyzed. RESULTS ICA was seen in 55 of 179 (30.7%) seizures. Presence of ICA predicted a mesial temporal seizure onset compared to those without ICA (odds ratio = 3.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-11.6, p = 0.01). ICA specificity was 0.82. ICA onset was correlated with increased high-frequency broadband gamma (60-150Hz) activity in specific mesial or basal temporal regions, including amygdala, hippocampus, and fusiform and lingual gyri. Based on our results, ICA has an almost 4-fold greater association with mesial temporal seizure onset zones compared to those without ICA and is highly specific for mesial temporal seizure onset zones. As evidence of symptomatogenic areas, onset-synchronous increase in high gamma activity in mesial or basal temporal structures was seen in early onset ICA, likely representing anatomical substrates for ICA generation. INTERPRETATION ICA recognition may help anatomoelectroclinical localization of clinical seizure onset to specific mesial and basal temporal brain regions, and the inclusion of these regions in SEEG evaluations may help accurately pinpoint seizure onset zones for resection. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:998-1008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Lacuey
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Blanca Talavera
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Oman Magana-Tellez
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar Mancera-Páez
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Norma Hupp
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johnson P. Hampson
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaison Hampson
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R. Sandhya Rani
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manuela Ochoa-Urrea
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omar A. Alamoudi
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Melius
- Memorial Hermann, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandipan Pati
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay Gavvala
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John C. Mosher
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samden D. Lhatoo
- Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN), University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
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Chen J, Chen X, Wang R, Le C, Khalilian-Gourtani A, Jensen E, Dugan P, Doyle W, Devinsky O, Friedman D, Flinker A, Wang Y. Subject-Agnostic Transformer-Based Neural Speech Decoding from Surface and Depth Electrode Signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584533. [PMID: 38559163 PMCID: PMC10980022 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study investigates speech decoding from neural signals captured by intracranial electrodes. Most prior works can only work with electrodes on a 2D grid (i.e., Electrocorticographic or ECoG array) and data from a single patient. We aim to design a deep-learning model architecture that can accommodate both surface (ECoG) and depth (stereotactic EEG or sEEG) electrodes. The architecture should allow training on data from multiple participants with large variability in electrode placements and the trained model should perform well on participants unseen during training. Approach We propose a novel transformer-based model architecture named SwinTW that can work with arbitrarily positioned electrodes, by leveraging their 3D locations on the cortex rather than their positions on a 2D grid. We train both subject-specific models using data from a single participant as well as multi-patient models exploiting data from multiple participants. Main Results The subject-specific models using only low-density 8x8 ECoG data achieved high decoding Pearson Correlation Coefficient with ground truth spectrogram (PCC=0.817), over N=43 participants, outperforming our prior convolutional ResNet model and the 3D Swin transformer model. Incorporating additional strip, depth, and grid electrodes available in each participant (N=39) led to further improvement (PCC=0.838). For participants with only sEEG electrodes (N=9), subject-specific models still enjoy comparable performance with an average PCC=0.798. The multi-subject models achieved high performance on unseen participants, with an average PCC=0.765 in leave-one-out cross-validation. Significance The proposed SwinTW decoder enables future speech neuroprostheses to utilize any electrode placement that is clinically optimal or feasible for a particular participant, including using only depth electrodes, which are more routinely implanted in chronic neurosurgical procedures. Importantly, the generalizability of the multi-patient models suggests the exciting possibility of developing speech neuroprostheses for people with speech disability without relying on their own neural data for training, which is not always feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
| | - Xupeng Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
| | - Ran Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
| | - Chenqian Le
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
| | | | - Erika Jensen
- Neurology Department, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, Manhattan, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Dugan
- Neurology Department, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, Manhattan, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Werner Doyle
- Neurosurgery Department, New York University, 550 1st Avenue, Manhattan, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Neurology Department, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, Manhattan, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Neurology Department, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, Manhattan, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Adeen Flinker
- Neurology Department, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, Manhattan, 10016, NY, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, New York University, 370 Jay Street, Brooklyn, 11201, NY, USA
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Ilyas A, Vilella L, Restrepo CE, Johnson J, Pati S, Lacuey N, Lhatoo S, Thompson SA, Tandon N. The value of additional electrodes when stereo-electroencephalography is inconclusive. Epilepsia 2024; 65:641-650. [PMID: 38265418 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) is the preferred method for intracranial localization of the seizure-onset zone (SOZ) in drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Occasionally SEEG evaluation fails to confirm the pre-implantation hypothesis. This leads to a decision tree regarding whether the addition of SEEG electrodes (two-step SEEG - 2sSEEG) or placement of subdural electrodes (SDEs) after SEEG (SEEG2SDE) would help. There is a dearth of literature encompassing this scenario, and here we aimed to characterize outcomes following unplanned two-step intracranial EEG (iEEG). METHODS All 225 adult SEEG cases over 8 years at our institution were reviewed to extract patient data and outcomes following a two-step evaluation. Three raters independently quantified benefits of additional intracranial electrodes. The relationship between two-step iEEG benefit and clinical outcome was then analyzed. RESULTS Fourteen patients underwent 2sSEEG and nine underwent SEEG2SDE. In the former cohort, the second SEEG procedure was performed for these reasons-precise localization of the SOZ (36%); defining margins of eloquent cortex (21%); and broadening coverage in the setting of non-localizable seizure onsets (43% of cases). Sixty-four percent of 2sSEEG cases were consistently deemed beneficial (Light's κ = 0.80). 2sSEEG performed for the first two indications was much more beneficial than when onsets were not localizable (100% vs 17%, p = .02). In the SEEG2SDE cohort, SDEs identified the SOZ and enabled delineation of margins relative to eloquent cortex in all cases. SIGNIFICANCE The two-step iEEG is useful if the initial evaluation is broadly concordant with the original electroclinical hypothesis, where it can clarify onset zones or delineate safe surgical margins; however, it provides minimal benefit when the implantation hypothesis is erroneous, and we recommend that 2sSEEG not be generally utilized in such cases. SDE implantation after SEEG minimizes the need for SDEs and is helpful in delineating surgical boundaries relative to ictal-onset zones and eloquent cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ilyas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Vilella
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos E Restrepo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandipan Pati
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nuria Lacuey
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samden Lhatoo
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen A Thompson
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Fujimoto A, Matsumaru Y, Masuda Y, Sato K, Hatano K, Numoto S, Hotta R, Marushima A, Hosoo H, Araki K, Okanishi T, Ishikawa E. Endovascular electroencephalography (eEEG) can detect the laterality of epileptogenic foci as accurately as subdural electrodes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25567. [PMID: 38327423 PMCID: PMC10847992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional brain activity monitoring via scalp electroencephalography (EEG) offers limited resolution and is susceptible to artifacts. Endovascular electroencephalography (eEEG) emerged in the 1990s. Despite early successes and potential for detecting epileptiform activity, eEEG has remained clinically unutilized. This study aimed to further test the capabilities of eEEG in detecting lateralized epileptic discharges in animal models. We hypothesized that eEEG would be able to detect lateralization. The purpose of this study was to measure epileptiform discharges with eEEG in animal models with lateralization in epileptogenicity. Materials and methods We inserted eEEG electrodes into the transverse sinuses of three pigs, and subdural electrodes (SDs) on the surfaces of the left and right hemispheres. We induced epileptogenicity with penicillin in the left brain of pigs F00001 and F00003, and in the right brain of pig F00002. The resulting epileptiform discharges were measured by eEEG electrodes placed in the left and right transverse sinuses, and conducted comparisons with epileptiform discharges from SDs. We also had 12 neurological physicians interpret measurement results from eEEG alone and determine the side (left or right) of epileptogenicity. Results Three pigs were evaluated for epileptiform discharge detection using eEEG: F00001 (7 months old, 14.0 kg), F00002 (8 months old, 15.6 kg), and F00003 (8 months old, 14.4 kg). The eEEG readings were compared with results from SDs, showing significant alignment across all subjects (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) were as follows: F00001 had 0.93 and 0.96, F00002 had 0.99 and 1.00, and F00003 had 0.98 and 0.99. Even though one of the neurological physicians got all sides incorrect, all other assessments were correct. Upon post-experimental dissection, no abnormalities were observed in the brain tissue or in the vascular damage at the site where the eEEG was placed, based on pathological evaluation. Conclusion With eEEG, lateralization can be determined with high sensitivity (>0.93) and PPV (>0.95) that appear equivalent to those of subdural EEG in the three pigs. This lateralization was also discernible by neurological physicians on visual inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- E.P. Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Masuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keishiro Sato
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hatano
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Numoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuya Hotta
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aiki Marushima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Hosoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kota Araki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kaewborisutsakul A, Chernov M, Yokosako S, Kubota Y. Usefulness of Robotic Stereotactic Assistance (ROSA ®) Device for Stereoelectroencephalography Electrode Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2024; 64:71-86. [PMID: 38220166 PMCID: PMC10918457 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficiency and safety of using the Robotic Stereotactic Assistance (ROSA®) device (Zimmer Biomet; Warsaw, IN, USA) for stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrode implantation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a literature search was carried out. Overall, 855 nonduplicate relevant articles were determined, and 15 of them were selected for analysis. The benefits of the ROSA® device use in terms of electrode placement accuracy, as well as operative time length, perioperative complications, and seizure outcomes, were evaluated. Studies that were included reported on a total of 11,257 SEEG electrode implantations. The limited number of comparative studies hindered the comprehensive evaluation of the electrode implantation accuracy. Compared with frame-based or navigation-assisted techniques, ROSA®-assisted SEEG electrode implantation provided significant benefits for reduction of both overall operative time (mean difference [MD], -63.45 min; 95% confidence interval [CI] from -88.73 to -38.17 min; P < 0.00001) and operative time per implanted electrode (MD, -8.79 min; 95% CI from -14.37 to -3.21 min; P = 0.002). No significant differences existed in perioperative complications and seizure outcomes after the application of the ROSA® device and other techniques for electrode implantation. To conclude, the available evidence shows that the ROSA® device is an effective and safe surgical tool for trajectory-guided SEEG electrode implantation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, offering benefits for saving operative time and neither increasing the risk of perioperative complications nor negatively impacting seizure outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukoon Kaewborisutsakul
- Neurological Surgery Unit, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center
| | - Mikhail Chernov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center
| | - Suguru Yokosako
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center
| | - Yuichi Kubota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center
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Kagawa K, Iida K, Hashizume A, Seyama G, Okamura A, Askoro R, Horie N. Retained Intracerebral Depth Electrode after Stereotactic Electroencephalography Monitoring: A Case Report. NMC Case Rep J 2024; 11:49-53. [PMID: 38454914 PMCID: PMC10918211 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) is an increasingly popular surgical modality for localizing the epileptogenic zone. Robot-guided stereotactic electrode placement has been covered in Japan by National Health Insurance since 2020. However, several surgical devices, such as the anchor bolt (a thin, hollow, metal shaft that serves as a guide screw or fixing for each electrode), have not been approved. A 14-year-old female who underwent SEEG for intractable epilepsy and required additional surgery to remove a retained depth electrode from the skull after the SEEG monitoring was finished. She had uncontrolled focal seizures consisting of nausea and laryngeal constriction at the onset. After a comprehensive presurgical evaluation, robot-guided stereotactic electrode implantation was performed to evaluate her seizures by SEEG. Nine depth electrodes were implanted through the twist drill hole. The electrodes were sutured to her skin for fixation without anchor bolts. When we attempted to remove the electrodes after 8 days of SEEG monitoring, one of the electrodes was retained. The retained electrode was removed through an additional skin incision and a small craniectomy under general anesthesia. We confirmed narrowing of the twist drill hole pathway in the internal table of the skull due to osteogenesis, which locked the electrode. This complication might be avoided if an anchor bolt had been used. This case report prompts the approval of the anchor bolts to avoid difficulty in electrode removal. Moreover, approval of a depth electrode with a thinner diameter and more consistent hardness is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Iida
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Seyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akitake Okamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rofat Askoro
- Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Sickler RW, Chandran AS, Funke ME, Mosher JC, Kommuru IM, Lankford J, Varnado SS, Von Allmen G, Watkins MW, Bonfante EE, Samant R, Kamali A, Miller BA, Shah MN. Comparison of 2 Robotic Systems for Pediatric Stereoelectroencephalography Implantation. World Neurosurg 2024; 182:e486-e492. [PMID: 38042289 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) remains critical in guiding epilepsy surgery. Robot-assisted techniques have shown promise in improving SEEG implantation outcomes but have not been directly compared. In this single-institution series, we compared ROSA and Stealth AutoGuide robots in pediatric SEEG implantation. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 21 sequential pediatric SEEG implantations consisting of 6 ROSA and 15 AutoGuide procedures. We determined mean operative time, time per electrode, root mean square (RMS) registration error, and surgical complications. Three-dimensional radial distances were calculated between each electrode's measured entry and target points with respective errors from the planned trajectory line. RESULTS Mean overall/per electrode operating time was 73.5/7.5 minutes for ROSA and 126.1/10.9 minutes for AutoGuide (P = 0.030 overall, P = 0.082 per electrode). Mean RMS registration error was 0.77 mm (0.55-0.93 mm) for ROSA and 0.6 mm (0.2-1.0 mm) for AutoGuide (P = 0.26). No procedures experienced complications. The mean radial (entry point error was 1.23 ± 0.11 mm for ROSA and 2.65 ± 0.12 mm for AutoGuide (P < 0.001), while the mean radial target point error was 1.86 ± 0.15 mm for ROSA and 3.25 ± 0.16 mm for AutoGuide (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall operative time was greater for AutoGuide procedures, although there was no statistically significant difference in time per electrode. Both systems are highly accurate with no significant RMS error difference. While the ROSA robot yielded significantly lower entry and target point errors, both robots are safe and reliable for deep electrode insertion in pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Sickler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arjun S Chandran
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Michael E Funke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John C Mosher
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Indira M Kommuru
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy Lankford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shelley S Varnado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gretchen Von Allmen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael W Watkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eliana E Bonfante
- Department of Radiology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rohan Samant
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arash Kamali
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brandon A Miller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manish N Shah
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Geller AS, Teale P, Kronberg E, Ebersole JS. Magnetoencephalography for Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:35-46. [PMID: 38148387 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique that records neurophysiology data with millisecond temporal resolution and localizes it with subcentimeter accuracy. Its capability to provide high resolution in both of these domains makes it a powerful tool both in basic neuroscience as well as clinical applications. In neurology, it has proven useful in its ability to record and localize epileptiform activity. Epilepsy workup typically begins with scalp electroencephalography (EEG), but in many situations, EEG-based localization of the epileptogenic zone is inadequate. The complementary sensitivity of MEG can be crucial in such cases, and MEG has been adopted at many centers as an important resource in building a surgical hypothesis. In this paper, we review recent work evaluating the extent of MEG influence of presurgical evaluations, novel analyses of MEG data employed in surgical workup, and new MEG instrumentation that will likely affect the field of clinical MEG. RECENT FINDINGS MEG consistently contributes to presurgical evaluation and these contributions often change the plan for epilepsy surgery. Extensive work has been done to develop new analytic methods for localizing the source of epileptiform activity with MEG. Systems using optically pumped magnetometry (OPM) have been successfully deployed to record and localize epileptiform activity. MEG remains an important noninvasive tool for epilepsy presurgical evaluation. Continued improvements in analytic methodology will likely increase the diagnostic yield of the test. Novel instrumentation with OPM may contribute to this as well, and may increase accessibility of MEG by decreasing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Geller
- Department of Neurology, CU Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Peter Teale
- Department of Neurology, CU Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Kronberg
- Department of Neurology, CU Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John S Ebersole
- Department of Neurology, Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Summit, NJ, USA
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12
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Chumnanvej S, Chumnanvej S, Tripathi S. Assessing the benefits of digital twins in neurosurgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:52. [PMID: 38236336 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Digital twins are virtual replicas of their physical counterparts, and can assist in delivering personalized surgical care. This PRISMA guideline-based systematic review evaluates current literature addressing the effectiveness and role of digital twins in many stages of neurosurgical management. The aim of this review is to provide a high-quality analysis of relevant, randomized controlled trials and observational studies addressing the neurosurgical applicability of a variety of digital twin technologies. Using pre-specified criteria, we evaluated 25 randomized controlled trials and observational studies on the applications of digital twins, including navigation, robotics, and image-guided neurosurgeries. All 25 studies compared these technologies against usual surgical approaches. Risk of bias analyses using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (Rob 2) found "low" risk of bias in the majority of studies (23/25). Overall, this systematic review shows that digital twin applications have the potential to be more effective than conventional neurosurgical approaches when applied to brain and spinal surgery. Moreover, the application of these novel technologies may also lead to fewer post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayouth Chumnanvej
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriluk Chumnanvej
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susmit Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Mutoh M, Maesawa S, Nakatsubo D, Ishizaki T, Tanei T, Torii J, Ito Y, Hashida M, Saito R. Boltless nylon-suture technique for stereotactic electroencephalography as a safe, effective alternative when the anchor bolt is inappropriate. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:18. [PMID: 38231293 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of anchor bolts to secure electrodes to the skull can be difficult in some clinical situations. Herein, we present the boltless technique to secure electrodes to the scalp using nylon sutures to overcome the problems associated with anchor bolts. We investigated the safety, accuracy errors, and patient-related and operative factors affecting errors in the boltless technique. METHODS This single-institution retrospective series analyzed 103 electrodes placed in 12 patients. The target-point localization error (TPLE), entry-point localization error (EPLE), radial error (RE), and depth error (DE) of the electrodes were calculated. RESULTS The median of the mean operative time per electrode was 9.3 min. The median TPLE, EPLE, RE, and absolute DE value were 4.1 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.7 mm, and 1.9 mm, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between the preoperative scalp thickness, mean operative time per electrode, EPLE, RE, and the absolute value of DE versus TPLE (r = .228, p = .02; r = .678, p = .015; r = .228, p = .02; r = .445, p < .01; r = .630, p < .01, respectively), and electrode approach angle versus EPLE (r = .213, p = .031). Multivariate analysis revealed that the absolute value of DE had the strongest influence on the TPLE, followed by RE and preoperative scalp thickness, respectively (β = .938, .544, .060, respectively, p < .001). No complications related to SEEG insertion and monitoring were encountered. CONCLUSION The boltless technique using our unique planning and technical method is a safe, effective, and low-cost alternative in cases where anchor bolts are contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Mutoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maesawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan.
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nakatsubo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
- Focused Ultrasound Therapy Center, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ishizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tanei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
| | - Jun Torii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
| | - Miki Hashida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668650, Japan
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14
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Alekseev IM, Pekov ZZ, Pedyash NV, Zuev AA. [Safety of robot-assisted implantation of deep electrodes for invasive stereo-EEG monitoring]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2024; 88:28-38. [PMID: 38334728 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20248801128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Robot-assisted implantation of deep electrodes for stereo-EEG monitoring has become popular in recent years in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there are still few data on safety of this technique. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of complications in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing robot-assisted implantation of stereo-EEG electrodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively studied the results of implantation of stereo-EEG electrodes in 187 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. All patients underwent non-invasive preoperative examination (video-EEG, MRI, PET, SPECT, MEG). In case of insufficient data, stereo-EEG monitoring was prescribed. We determined electrode insertion trajectory using a robotic station and MR images. Implantation of electrodes was carried out using a Rosa robot (Medtech, France). All patients underwent invasive EEG monitoring after implantation. RESULTS There were 11.25±3 electrodes per a patient. Implantation of one electrode took 7.5±4.9 min. Postoperative MRI revealed electrode malposition in 2.3% of cases. None was associated with complications. The complication rate per electrode was 0.6%. Complications affected stereo-EEG monitoring only in 3 cases (1.6%). The mortality rate was 0.5%. Bilateral implantation (p=0.005), insular (p=0.040) and occipital (p=0.045) deep electrode implantation were associated with lower incidence of complications. Longer duration of the procedure influenced the incidence of electrode placement in the lateral ventricle (p=0.028), and implantation in the frontal lobe was more often associated with epidural placement of electrodes (p=0.039). CONCLUSION Robot-assisted implantation of stereo-EEG electrodes is a safe procedure with minimal risk of complications. Rare electrode malposition does not usually affect invasive monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Alekseev
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zh Zh Pekov
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Pedyash
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Zuev
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Buch VP, Parvizi J. Evolution of SEEG Strategy: Stanford Experience. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:83-85. [PMID: 38000844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Overall stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has a favorable risk profile, patient tolerability, and superior investigative capability of individualized 3-dimensional seizure onset activity over subdural electrodes. Further, our recent surgical approach to safely enable multinuclear thalamic propagation mapping can only be performed with SEEG. For these reasons, SEEG has become the gold standard of phase II monitoring at our institution, and believe the ability to develop precision network-centric approaches to therapy will be critical to enhance our ability to care for medically refractory, and importantly, even complex multifocal, generalized, or surgically refractory epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Buch
- Stanford University, 453 Quarry Road Room 245C, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Stanford University, 213 Quarry Road MC 5957 Fl 2, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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16
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Paulk AC, Salami P, Zelmann R, Cash SS. Electrode Development for Epilepsy Diagnosis and Treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:135-149. [PMID: 38000837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Recording neural activity has been a critical aspect in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. For those with intractable epilepsy, intracranial neural monitoring has been of substantial importance. Clinically, however, methods for recording neural information have remained essentially unchanged for decades. Over the last decade or so, rapid advances in electrode technology have begun to change this landscape. New systems allow for the observation of neural activity with high spatial resolution and, in some cases, at the level of the activity of individual neurons. These new tools have contributed greatly to our understanding of brain function and dysfunction. Here, the authors review the primary technologies currently in use in humans. The authors discuss other possible systems, some of the challenges which come along with these devices, and how they will become incorporated into the clinical workflow. Ultimately, the expectation is that these new, high-density, high-spatial-resolution recording systems will become a valuable part of the clinical arsenal used in the diagnosis and surgical management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Pariya Salami
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rina Zelmann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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17
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Nanda P, Richardson RM. Evolution of Stereo-Electroencephalography at Massachusetts General Hospital. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:87-94. [PMID: 38000845 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The practice of invasive monitoring for presurgical epilepsy workup has evolved at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in parallel to the evolution in the field's understanding of epilepsy as a network disorder. Implantations have shifted from an emphasis on singularly finding single foci for the purpose of resection to a network-hypothesis-driven approach aiming to delineate patients' seizure networks with the goal of developing surgical interventions that disrupt critical nodes of these networks. Here, the authors review all invasive monitoring cases at MGH from April 2016 through June 2023 to describe how this paradigm shift has taken form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Wang J, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang K, Yang K, Yan L, Feng L. Anti-inflammatory effects of icariin in the acute and chronic phases of the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176141. [PMID: 37866741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia made a significant contribution in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Icariin (ICA), a bioactive ingredient isolated from Epimedium, has been shown to present both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was to explore the potential therapeutic effects of icariin on mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy and its underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. To this end, we firstly measured the serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and found that patients with a higher seizure frequency showed correspondingly higher inflammatory reaction. Mouse pharmacokinetic study, transmembrane transportation assay, and cell viability assay collectively demonstrated that ICA was able to cross the blood-brain barrier and has good biocompatibility. The acute and chronic epilepsy models were next established in a pilocarpine mouse model of acquired epilepsy. Icariin has been identified that it could cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the hippocampus to exhibit therapeutic effects. ICA treatment dramatically promoted microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype in epilepsy mice both in the acute and chronic phases. Reduced release of M1-associated proinflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and IL-6, corroborates the altered glial cell polarization. Furthermore, ICA alleviated seizure intensity and mortality in acute phase epileptic mice. Models in the chronic group also showed improved general condition, cognition ability, and memory function after ICA treatment. Taken together, our research strongly suggested that icariin has the potential to treat epilepsy via inhibiting neuroinflammation by promoting microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yuanxia Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kaiyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Luzhe Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Jiangxi Branch), Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China.
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19
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Eelbode C, Spinelli L, Corniola M, Momjian S, Seeck M, Schaller K, Mégevand P. Implantation and reimplantation of intracranial EEG electrodes in patients considering epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:1622-1627. [PMID: 37873557 PMCID: PMC10690689 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are considering surgery, intracranial EEG (iEEG) helps delineate the putative epileptogenic zone. In a minority of patients, iEEG fails to identify seizure onsets. In such cases, it might be worthwhile to reimplant more iEEG electrodes. The consequences of such a strategy for the patient are unknown. We matched 12 patients in whom the initially implanted iEEG electrodes did not delineate the seizure onset zone precisely enough to offer resective surgery, and in whom additional iEEG electrodes were implanted during the same inpatient stay, to controls who did not undergo reimplantation. Seven cases and eight controls proceeded to resective surgery. No intracranial infection occurred. One control suffered an intracranial hemorrhage. Three cases and two controls suffered from a post-operative neurological or neuropsychological deficit. We found no difference in post-operative seizure control between cases and controls. Compared to an ILAE score of 5 (ie, stable seizure frequency in the absence of resective surgery), cases showed significant improvement. Reimplantation of iEEG electrodes can offer the possibility of resective epilepsy surgery to patients in whom the initial iEEG investigation was inconclusive, without compromising on the risk of complications or seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Eelbode
- Neurology divisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Laurent Spinelli
- Neurology divisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Marco Corniola
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
- Neurosurgery DivisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Neurosurgery DivisionRennes University HospitalRennesFrance
- INSERM UMR 1099 LTSI, University of RennesRennesFrance
| | - Shahan Momjian
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
- Neurosurgery DivisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Margitta Seeck
- Neurology divisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Karl Schaller
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
- Neurosurgery DivisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Pierre Mégevand
- Neurology divisionGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of Geneva, Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
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Agashe S, Brinkmann BH, Cox BC, Wong-Kisiel L, Van Gompel JJ, Marsh RW, Miller KJ, Krecke KN, Britton JW. Implications of intracranial hemorrhage associated with stereo-EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 155:86-93. [PMID: 37806180 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a known complication during stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) however true rates remain unknown. We provide a comprehensive review of ICH during sEEG regardless of clinical symptoms. Secondly, we analyzed sEEG recordings to identify electrographic correlates of ICH. METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing sEEG between January 2016 and April 2022 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester. We reviewed medical records and imaging studies to identify ICH. We analyzed ICH by type, electrode trajectories, timing, sEEG findings and outcomes. RESULTS There were a total of 201 sEEG implants, of which 23 (11%) cases or 0.9% electrodes implanted had evidence of ICH. The majority of affected patients (82%) were either asymptomatic or had mild clinical neurological manifestations. In 90% of patients who proceeded with surgical treatments, outcomes were favorable. The most common sEEG finding in contacts in proximity of ICH was either focal slowing with interictal discharges or focal electrographic seizures. CONCLUSIONS ICH associated with sEEG is likely under-reported in literature. We present electroencephalographic correlates of ICH that may aid identification of ICH in the course of performing sEEG monitoring. SIGNIFICANCE Our data provides clinically relevant information on potential risks and outcomes of ICH. Furthermore, our findings aid identification of ICH during sEEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Agashe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin C Cox
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kai J Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karl N Krecke
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Murphy E, Forseth KJ, Donos C, Snyder KM, Rollo PS, Tandon N. The spatiotemporal dynamics of semantic integration in the human brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6336. [PMID: 37875526 PMCID: PMC10598228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Language depends critically on the integration of lexical information across multiple words to derive semantic concepts. Limitations of spatiotemporal resolution have previously rendered it difficult to isolate processes involved in semantic integration. We utilized intracranial recordings in epilepsy patients (n = 58) who read written word definitions. Descriptions were either referential or non-referential to a common object. Semantically referential sentences enabled high frequency broadband gamma activation (70-150 Hz) of the inferior frontal sulcus (IFS), medial parietal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial temporal lobe in the left, language-dominant hemisphere. IFS, OFC and posterior middle temporal gyrus activity was modulated by the semantic coherence of non-referential sentences, exposing semantic effects that were independent of task-based referential status. Components of this network, alongside posterior superior temporal sulcus, were engaged for referential sentences that did not clearly reduce the lexical search space by the final word. These results indicate the existence of complementary cortical mosaics for semantic integration in posterior temporal and inferior frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kiefer J Forseth
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Donos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, 077125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kathryn M Snyder
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Winslow NK, Olson EA, Bach SE, Maldonado AL. Neuropathologic changes associated with stereoelectroencephalography depth electrode placement. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:631-637. [PMID: 35380201 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to detail the neuropathologic changes resulting from the surgical placement of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) leads in an initial small group of epilepsy cases and to raise awareness of this iatrogenic pathology, especially to those medical providers who specialize in the care of epilepsy patients. METHODS Five consecutive patients who underwent epilepsy resection surgery following SEEG monitoring at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center were included in our report. Resection specimens were examined grossly and entirely submitted for microscopic evaluation by a neuropathologist. Seizure-related pathologies, as well as histologic changes related to SEEG electrode placement, were documented. RESULTS The patient cohort included two females and three males, with an age range of 9 to 47 years. Neuropathologic examination revealed one or more seizure-related pathologies in each patient's resection specimen. In addition, all brain resection specimens showed multiple microinfarcts, which appeared to correlate with the placement and size of SEEG electrodes. Patchy leptomeningeal chronic inflammation was also seen in most cases. CONCLUSIONS SEEG electrode placement is an effective procedure for determining epileptogenic regions and guiding subsequent resection surgeries in medically refractory epilepsy. Multiple microinfarcts and chronic inflammation are commonly seen in brain resection specimens following SEEG electrode insertion, but studies detailing these iatrogenic histopathologic changes are lacking. The clinical significance and long-term implications of multiple small foci of electrode-induced injury that remain in the patient's brain after resection of the epileptogenic focus are unknown and may provide a welcome area for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan K Winslow
- Department of Neurosurgery, OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA -
| | - Elsa A Olson
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Sarah E Bach
- Department of Pathology, OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Andres L Maldonado
- Department of Neurosurgery, OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, USA
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Arya R, Frink C, Kargol C, Byars AW, Huddleston D, Diedenhofer DB, Aungaroon G, Ervin B, Horn PS, Ihnen SKZ, Tenney JR, Kremer K, Fong S, Lin N, Liu W, Arthur TM, Skoch J, Leach JL, Mangano FT, Glauser TA, Greiner HM, Holland KD. Neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery: A comparison of stereo electroencephalography and subdural electrodes. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:2986-2998. [PMID: 37329329 PMCID: PMC10529267 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We analyzed the association of neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery with the intracranial electrode type (stereo electroencephalography [SEEG] and subdural electrodes [SDE]), and electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of speech/language. METHODS Drug-resistant epilepsy patients who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation before and 1 year after epilepsy surgery were included. SEEG and SDE subgroups were matched by age, handedness, operated hemisphere, and seizure freedom. Postsurgical neuropsychological outcomes (adjusted for presurgical scores) and reliable change indices were analyzed as functions of electrode type and ESM. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients aged 6-29 years were included with similar surgical resection/ablation volumes in the SEEG and SDE subgroups. Most of the neuropsychological outcomes were comparable between SEEG and SDE subgroups; however, Working Memory and Processing Speed were significantly improved in the SEEG subgroup. Undergoing language ESM was associated with significant improvements in Spelling, Letter-Word Identification, Vocabulary, Verbal Comprehension, Verbal Learning, and Story Memory scores, but a decline in Calculation scores. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial evaluations with SEEG and SDE are comparable in terms of long-term postsurgical neuropsychological outcomes. Our data suggest that SEEG may be associated with improvements in working memory and processing speed, representing cognitive domains served by spatially distributed networks. Our study also supports wider use of language ESM before epilepsy surgery, preferably using other language tasks in addition to visual naming. Rather than the type of electrode, postsurgical neuropsychological outcomes are driven by whether language ESM was performed or not, with beneficial effects of language mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Clayton Frink
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Kargol
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Huddleston
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Donna B Diedenhofer
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gewalin Aungaroon
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Ervin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - S K Z Ihnen
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Tenney
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly Kremer
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Fong
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd M Arthur
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesse Skoch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James L Leach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tracy A Glauser
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Thomas TM, Singh A, Bullock LP, Liang D, Morse CW, Scherschligt X, Seymour JP, Tandon N. Decoding articulatory and phonetic components of naturalistic continuous speech from the distributed language network. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:046030. [PMID: 37487487 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ace9fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective.The speech production network relies on a widely distributed brain network. However, research and development of speech brain-computer interfaces (speech-BCIs) has typically focused on decoding speech only from superficial subregions readily accessible by subdural grid arrays-typically placed over the sensorimotor cortex. Alternatively, the technique of stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) enables access to distributed brain regions using multiple depth electrodes with lower surgical risks, especially in patients with brain injuries resulting in aphasia and other speech disorders.Approach.To investigate the decoding potential of widespread electrode coverage in multiple cortical sites, we used a naturalistic continuous speech production task. We obtained neural recordings using sEEG from eight participants while they read aloud sentences. We trained linear classifiers to decode distinct speech components (articulatory components and phonemes) solely based on broadband gamma activity and evaluated the decoding performance using nested five-fold cross-validation.Main Results.We achieved an average classification accuracy of 18.7% across 9 places of articulation (e.g. bilabials, palatals), 26.5% across 5 manner of articulation (MOA) labels (e.g. affricates, fricatives), and 4.81% across 38 phonemes. The highest classification accuracies achieved with a single large dataset were 26.3% for place of articulation, 35.7% for MOA, and 9.88% for phonemes. Electrodes that contributed high decoding power were distributed across multiple sulcal and gyral sites in both dominant and non-dominant hemispheres, including ventral sensorimotor, inferior frontal, superior temporal, and fusiform cortices. Rather than finding a distinct cortical locus for each speech component, we observed neural correlates of both articulatory and phonetic components in multiple hubs of a widespread language production network.Significance.These results reveal the distributed cortical representations whose activity can enable decoding speech components during continuous speech through the use of this minimally invasive recording method, elucidating language neurobiology and neural targets for future speech-BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy M Thomas
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Aditya Singh
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Latané P Bullock
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Daniel Liang
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Cale W Morse
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xavier Scherschligt
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - John P Seymour
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
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Dedrickson T, Davidar AD, Azad TD, Theodore N, Anderson WS. Use of the Globus ExcelsiusGPS System for Robotic Stereoelectroencephalography: An Initial Experience. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e686-e692. [PMID: 37044205 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is a critical tool used in the identification of epileptogenic zones. Although stereotactic frame-based SEEG procedures have been performed traditionally, newer robotic-assisted SEEG procedures have become increasingly common. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy, efficacy of the ExcelsiusGPS robot (Globus Medica, Audubon, PA) in SEEG procedures. METHODS Five consecutive adult patients with drug resistant epilepsy were identified as SEEG candidates via a multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery committee. Preoperative scans were merged onto the robot to plan electrode placement. With the use of a camera system, dynamic reference base, and surveillance markers, the robotic arm was used to establish the trajectory of the electrodes. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were merged onto the preoperatively planned trajectory and the radial, depth, and entry errors were calculated. Fiducial registration error was calculated for 4 cases to determine error between the patient and intraoperative CT merge. RESULTS A total of 59 electrodes were placed. The mean age at surgery was 41.6 ± 15.1 years. Mean operating room time, anesthesia time, and surgical time was 301.6 ± 44.4 min, 261.6 ± 50.2 min, and 155.8 ± 48.8 min, respectively. The overall mean depth, radial, and entry errors were 2.5 ± 1.9 mm, 1.9 ± 1.5 mm, and 1.6 ± 1.2 mm. Mean fiducial registration error retrospectively calculated for 4 of 5 cases was 0.13 ± 0.04 mm. There were no perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS The initial performance of the ExcelsiusGPS robotic system yielded comparable results to other systems currently in use for adult SEEG procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Dedrickson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Daniel Davidar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tej D Azad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Janca R, Tomasek M, Kalina A, Marusic P, Krsek P, Lesko R. Automated Identification of Stereoelectroencephalography Contacts and Measurement of Factors Influencing Accuracy of Frame Stereotaxy. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:3326-3336. [PMID: 37389996 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3271857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an established invasive diagnostic technique for use in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy evaluated before resective epilepsy surgery. The factors that influence the accuracy of electrode implantation are not fully understood. Adequate accuracy prevents the risk of major surgery complications. Precise knowledge of the anatomical positions of individual electrode contacts is crucial for the interpretation of SEEG recordings and subsequent surgery. METHODS We developed an image processing pipeline to localize implanted electrodes and detect individual contact positions using computed tomography (CT), as a substitute for time-consuming manual labeling. The algorithm automates measurement of parameters of the electrodes implanted in the skull (bone thickness, implantation angle and depth) for use in modeling of predictive factors that influence implantation accuracy. RESULTS Fifty-four patients evaluated by SEEG were analyzed. A total of 662 SEEG electrodes with 8,745 contacts were stereotactically inserted. The automated detector localized all contacts with better accuracy than manual labeling (p < 0.001). The retrospective implantation accuracy of the target point was 2.4 ± 1.1 mm. A multifactorial analysis determined that almost 58% of the total error was attributable to measurable factors. The remaining 42% was attributable to random error. CONCLUSION SEEG contacts can be reliably marked by our proposed method. The trajectory of electrodes can be parametrically analyzed to predict and validate implantation accuracy using a multifactorial model. SIGNIFICANCE This novel, automated image processing technique is a potentially clinically important, assistive tool for increasing the yield, efficiency, and safety of SEEG.
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Männlin J, San Antonio-Arce V, Reinacher PC, Scheiwe C, Shah MJ, Urbach H, Schulze-Bonhage A. Safety profile of subdural and depth electrode implantations in invasive EEG exploration of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Seizure 2023; 110:21-27. [PMID: 37302157 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the safety profile of subdural and depth electrode implantation in a large monocentric cohort of patients of all ages undergoing intracranial EEG exploration because of drug resistant focal epilepsy diagnosed and implanted by a constant team of epileptologists and neurosurgeons. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 452 implantations in 420 patients undergoing invasive presurgical evaluation at the Freiburg Epilepsy Center from 1999 to 2019 (n = 160 subdural electrodes, n = 156 depth electrodes and n = 136 combination of both approaches). Complications were classified as hemorrhage with or without clinical manifestations, infection-associated and other complications. Furthermore, possible risk factors (age, duration of invasive monitoring, number of electrode contacts used) and changes in complication rates during the study period were analyzed. RESULTS The most frequent complications in both implantation groups were hemorrhages. Subdural electrode explorations caused significantly more symptomatic hemorrhages and required more operative interventions (SDE 9.9%, DE 0.3%, p < 0.05). Hemorrhage risk was higher for grids with 64 contacts than for smaller grids (p < 0.05). The infection rate was very low (0,2%). A transient neurological deficit occurred in 8.8% of all implantations and persisted for at least 3 months in 1.3%. Transient, but not persistent neurological deficits were more common in patients with implanted subdural electrodes than in the depth electrode group. CONCLUSION The use of subdural electrodes was associated with a higher risk of hemorrhage and transient neurological symptoms. However persistent deficits were rare with either approach, demonstrating that intracranial investigations using either subdural electrodes or depth electrodes carry acceptable risks in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Männlin
- Freiburg Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany.
| | - Victoria San Antonio-Arce
- Freiburg Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany; Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Germany
| | - Peter Christoph Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Scheiwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
| | - Mukesch Johannes Shah
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- Freiburg Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany; Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Germany.
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Guo Z, Zhang C, Wang X, Liu C, Zhao B, Mo J, Zheng Z, Shao X, Zhang J, Zhang K, Hu W. Is intracranial electroencephalography mandatory for MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy surgery? J Neurosurg 2023; 138:1720-1730. [PMID: 36242573 DOI: 10.3171/2022.8.jns22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MRI-negative focal epilepsy is one of the most challenging cases in surgical epilepsy treatment. Many epilepsy centers recommend intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) for MRI-negative cases, especially neocortical epilepsy. This retrospective study aimed to explore whether intracranial monitoring is mandatory in MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy surgery and the factors that significantly influence the decision on whether to perform intracranial recording. METHODS In this study, consecutive surgical patients with focal MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy were recruited. All patients underwent routine preoperative evaluation according to the dedicated protocol of the authors' epilepsy center to determine the treatment strategy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical strategy, i.e., a direct group and a stereo-EEG (SEEG)-guided group. History of epilepsy, seizure frequency, interictal and ictal EEG data, PET data, PET/MRI coregistration data, neuropathological findings, and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the decision to perform SEEG monitoring. RESULTS Sixty-four patients were included in this study, 19 and 45 of whom underwent direct and SEEG-guided cortical resection, respectively. At an average follow-up of 3.9 years postoperatively, 56 patients (87.5%) had Engel class I results without permanent neurological deficits. Surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the direct and SEEG-guided groups (94.7% vs 84.4%). PET hypometabolic abnormalities were detected in all patients. There were significant differences between the two groups in the extent of hypometabolism (focal vs nonfocal, p < 0.01) and pathological subtype (focal cortical dysplasia type II vs others, p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the extent of hypometabolism (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.15; p = 0.001) was the only independent factor affecting the treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS Careful selection of patients with MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy may yield favorable outcomes after direct cortical resection without intracranial monitoring. PET/MRI coregistration plays an essential role in the preoperative evaluation and subsequent resection of these patients. Intracranial monitoring is not a mandatory requirement for surgery if the focal hypometabolic areas are consistent with the findings of semiology and scalp EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiu Wang
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | | | | | | | - Zhong Zheng
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Shao
- 5Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
- 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation; and
| | - Kai Zhang
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
- 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation; and
| | - Wenhan Hu
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
- 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation; and
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Woolnough O, Donos C, Murphy E, Rollo PS, Roccaforte ZJ, Dehaene S, Tandon N. Spatiotemporally distributed frontotemporal networks for sentence reading. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300252120. [PMID: 37068244 PMCID: PMC10151604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300252120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reading a sentence entails integrating the meanings of individual words to infer more complex, higher-order meaning. This highly rapid and complex human behavior is known to engage the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in the language-dominant hemisphere, yet whether there are distinct contributions of these regions to sentence reading is still unclear. To probe these neural spatiotemporal dynamics, we used direct intracranial recordings to measure neural activity while reading sentences, meaning-deficient Jabberwocky sentences, and lists of words or pseudowords. We isolated two functionally and spatiotemporally distinct frontotemporal networks, each sensitive to distinct aspects of word and sentence composition. The first distributed network engages the IFG and MTG, with IFG activity preceding MTG. Activity in this network ramps up over the duration of a sentence and is reduced or absent during Jabberwocky and word lists, implying its role in the derivation of sentence-level meaning. The second network engages the superior temporal gyrus and the IFG, with temporal responses leading those in frontal lobe, and shows greater activation for each word in a list than those in sentences, suggesting that sentential context enables greater efficiency in the lexical and/or phonological processing of individual words. These adjacent, yet spatiotemporally dissociable neural mechanisms for word- and sentence-level processes shed light on the richly layered semantic networks that enable us to fluently read. These results imply distributed, dynamic computation across the frontotemporal language network rather than a clear dichotomy between the contributions of frontal and temporal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Woolnough
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Cristian Donos
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 050663Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elliot Murphy
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Patrick S. Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Zachary J. Roccaforte
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, NeuroSpin Center, 91191Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Collège de France, 75005Paris, France
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX77030
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Branco MP, Geukes SH, Aarnoutse EJ, Ramsey NF, Vansteensel MJ. Nine decades of electrocorticography: A comparison between epidural and subdural recordings. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1260-1288. [PMID: 36843389 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, electrocorticography (ECoG) has arisen as a neural signal recording tool in the development of clinically viable neural interfaces. ECoG electrodes are generally placed below the dura mater (subdural) but can also be placed on top of the dura (epidural). In deciding which of these modalities best suits long-term implants, complications and signal quality are important considerations. Conceptually, epidural placement may present a lower risk of complications as the dura is left intact but also a lower signal quality due to the dura acting as a signal attenuator. The extent to which complications and signal quality are affected by the dura, however, has been a matter of debate. To improve our understanding of the effects of the dura on complications and signal quality, we conducted a literature review. We inventorized the effect of the dura on signal quality, decodability and longevity of acute and chronic ECoG recordings in humans and non-human primates. Also, we compared the incidence and nature of serious complications in studies that employed epidural and subdural ECoG. Overall, we found that, even though epidural recordings exhibit attenuated signal amplitude over subdural recordings, particularly for high-density grids, the decodability of epidural recorded signals does not seem to be markedly affected. Additionally, we found that the nature of serious complications was comparable between epidural and subdural recordings. These results indicate that both epidural and subdural ECoG may be suited for long-term neural signal recordings, at least for current generations of clinical and high-density ECoG grids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Branco
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon H Geukes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Aarnoutse
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick F Ramsey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska J Vansteensel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lee AT, Nichols NM, Speidel BA, Fan JM, Cajigas I, Knowlton RC, Chang EF. Modern intracranial electroencephalography for epilepsy localization with combined subdural grid and depth electrodes with low and improved hemorrhagic complication rates. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:821-827. [PMID: 35901681 DOI: 10.3171/2022.5.jns221118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent trends have moved from subdural grid electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings toward stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) depth electrodes for intracranial localization of seizures, in part because of perceived morbidity from subdural grid and strip electrodes. For invasive epilepsy monitoring, the authors describe the outcomes of a hybrid approach, whereby patients receive a combination of subdural grids, strips, and frameless stereotactic depth electrode implantations through a craniotomy. Evolution of surgical techniques was employed to reduce complications. In this study, the authors review the surgical hemorrhage and functional outcomes of this hybrid approach. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of consecutive patients who underwent hybrid implantation from July 2012 to May 2022 at an academic epilepsy center by a single surgeon. Outcomes included hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic complications, neurological deficits, length of monitoring, and number of electrodes. RESULTS A total of 137 consecutive procedures were performed; 113 procedures included both subdural and depth electrodes. The number of depth electrodes and electrode contacts did not increase the risk of hemorrhage. A mean of 1.9 ± 0.8 grid, 4.9 ± 2.1 strip, and 3.0 ± 1.9 depth electrodes were implanted, for a mean of 125.1 ± 32 electrode contacts per patient. The overall incidence of hematomas over the study period was 5.1% (7 patients) and decreased significantly with experience and the introduction of new surgical techniques. The incidence of hematomas in the last 4 years of the study period was 0% (55 patients). Symptomatic hematomas were all delayed and extra-axial. These patients required surgical evacuation, and there were no cases of hematoma recurrence. All neurological deficits related to hematomas were temporary and were resolved at hospital discharge. There were 2 nonhemorrhagic complications. The mean duration of monitoring was 7.3 ± 3.2 days. Seizures were localized in 95% of patients, with 77% of patients eventually undergoing resection and 17% undergoing responsive neurostimulation device implantation. CONCLUSIONS In the authors' institutional experience, craniotomy-based subdural and depth electrode implantation was associated with low hemorrhage rates and no permanent morbidity. The rate of hemorrhage can be nearly eliminated with surgical experience and specific techniques. The decision to use subdural electrodes or SEEG should be tailored to the patient's unique pathology and surgeon experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joline M Fan
- 2Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Obaid S, Chen JS, Ibrahim GM, Bouthillier A, Dimentberg E, Surbeck W, Guadagno E, Brunette-Clément T, Shlobin NA, Shulkin A, Hale AT, Tomycz LD, Von Lehe M, Perry MS, Chassoux F, Bouilleret V, Taussig D, Fohlen M, Dorfmuller G, Hagiwara K, Isnard J, Oluigbo CO, Ikegaya N, Nguyen DK, Fallah A, Weil AG. Predictors of outcomes after surgery for medically intractable insular epilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:12-31. [PMID: 36263454 PMCID: PMC9978079 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insular epilepsy (IE) is an increasingly recognized cause of drug-resistant epilepsy amenable to surgery. However, concerns of suboptimal seizure control and permanent neurological morbidity hamper widespread adoption of surgery for IE. We performed a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety profile of surgery for IE and identify predictors of outcomes. Of 2483 unique citations, 24 retrospective studies reporting on 312 participants were eligible for inclusion. The median follow-up duration was 2.58 years (range, 0-17 years), and 206 (66.7%) patients were seizure-free at last follow-up. Younger age at surgery (≤18 years; HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09-2.66, P = .022) and invasive EEG monitoring (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.04-3.74, P = .039) were significantly associated with shorter time to seizure recurrence. Performing MR-guided laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation instead of open resection (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.08-3.89, P = .028) was independently associated with suboptimal or poor seizure outcome (Engel II-IV) at last follow-up. Postoperative neurological complications occurred in 42.5% of patients, most commonly motor deficits (29.9%). Permanent neurological complications occurred in 7.8% of surgeries, including 5% and 1.4% rate of permanent motor deficits and dysphasia, respectively. Resection of the frontal operculum was independently associated with greater odds of motor deficits (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.46-5.15, P = .002). Dominant-hemisphere resections were independently associated with dysphasia (OR = 13.09, 95% CI = 2.22-77.14, P = .005) albeit none of the observed language deficits were permanent. Surgery for IE is associated with a good efficacy/safety profile. Most patients experience seizure freedom, and neurological deficits are predominantly transient. Pediatric patients and those requiring invasive monitoring or undergoing stereotactic ablation procedures experience lower rates of seizure freedom. Transgression of the frontal operculum should be avoided if it is not deemed part of the epileptogenic zone. Well-selected candidates undergoing dominant-hemisphere resection are more likely to exhibit transient language deficits; however, the risk of permanent deficit is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Obaid
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evan Dimentberg
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Werner Surbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Brunette-Clément
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aidan Shulkin
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luke D Tomycz
- The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marec Von Lehe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Michael Scott Perry
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Jane and John Justin Neuroscience Center, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Francine Chassoux
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris-Descartes Paris, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Bouilleret
- Université Paris Saclay-APHP, Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique et d'Épileptologie(UNCE), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Taussig
- Université Paris Saclay-APHP, Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique et d'Épileptologie(UNCE), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Martine Fohlen
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Georg Dorfmuller
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jean Isnard
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Lyon, France
| | - Chima O Oluigbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Naoki Ikegaya
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dang K Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ross MN, Larson EW, Shahin MN, Yaghi NK, Mazur-Hart DJ, Mitchell A, Mulcahy F, Ernst LD, Collins KL, Selden NR, Raslan AM. A Method of Intraoperative Registration Verification to Prevent Accuracy Errors in Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Electroencephalography Electrode Placement. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:1-4. [PMID: 36563849 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic-assisted stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) electrode placement is increasingly common at specialized epilepsy centers. High accuracy and low complication rates are essential to realizing the benefits of sEEG surgery. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time in the literature a method for a stereotactic registration checkpoint to verify intraoperative accuracy during robotic-assisted sEEG and to report our institutional experience with this technique. METHODS All cases performed with this technique since the adoption of robotic-assisted sEEG at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS In 4 of 111 consecutive sEEG operations, use of the checkpoint detected an intraoperative registration error, which was addressed before completion of sEEG electrode placement. CONCLUSIONS The use of a registration checkpoint in robotic-assisted sEEG surgery is a simple technique that can prevent electrode misplacement and improve the safety profile of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miner N Ross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Erik W Larson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maryam N Shahin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nasser K Yaghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David J Mazur-Hart
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ann Mitchell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Faye Mulcahy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lia D Ernst
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly L Collins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nathan R Selden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ahmed M Raslan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Abrego AM, Khan W, Wright CE, Islam MR, Ghajar MH, Bai X, Tandon N, Seymour JP. Sensing local field potentials with a directional and scalable depth electrode array. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:016041. [PMID: 36630716 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acb230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. A variety of electrophysiology tools are available to the neurosurgeon for diagnosis, functional therapy, and neural prosthetics. However, no tool can currently address these three critical needs: (a) access to all cortical regions in a minimally invasive manner; (b) recordings with microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale resolutions simultaneously; and (c) access to spatially distant multiple brain regions that constitute distributed cognitive networks.Approach.We modeled, designed, and demonstrated a novel device for recording local field potentials (LFPs) with the form factor of a stereo-electroencephalographic electrode and combined with radially distributed microelectrodes.Main results. Electro-quasistatic models demonstrate that the lead body amplifies and shields LFP sources based on direction, enablingdirectional sensitivity andscalability, referred to as thedirectional andscalable (DISC) array.In vivo,DISC demonstrated significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio, directional sensitivity, and decoding accuracy from rat barrel cortex recordings during whisker stimulation. Critical for future translation, DISC demonstrated a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than virtual ring electrodes and a noise floor approaching that of large ring electrodes in an unshielded environment after common average referencing. DISC also revealed independent, stereoscopic current source density measures whose direction was verified after histology.Significance. Directional sensitivity of LFPs may significantly improve brain-computer interfaces and many diagnostic procedures, including epilepsy foci detection and deep brain targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada M Abrego
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Wasif Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Christopher E Wright
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - M Rabiul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Mohammad H Ghajar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xiaokang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - John P Seymour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
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Abel TJ, Muthiah N, Hect JL, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Salehi A, Smyth MD, Smith KJ. Cost-effectiveness of invasive monitoring strategies in epilepsy surgery. J Neurosurg 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36585866 DOI: 10.3171/2022.11.jns221744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in up to 40% of patients with epilepsy who may be considered for epilepsy surgery. For drug-resistant focal epilepsy, up to 50% of patients require invasive monitoring prior to surgery. Of the most common invasive monitoring strategies (subdural electrodes [SDEs] and stereo-electroencephalography [sEEG]), the most cost-effective strategy is unknown despite substantial differences in morbidity profiles. METHODS Using data collected from an internationally representative sample published in available systematic reviews and meta-analyses, this economic evaluation study employs a decision analysis model to simulate the risks and benefits of SDE and sEEG invasive monitoring strategies. In this model, patients faced differing risks of morbidity, mortality, resection, and seizure freedom depending on which invasive monitoring strategy they underwent. A range of cost values was obtained from a recently published single-center cost-utility analysis. The model considers a base case simulation of a characteristic patient with drug-resistant epilepsy using clinical parameters obtained from systematic reviews of invasive monitoring available in the literature. The main outcome measure was the probability of a positive outcome after invasive monitoring, which was defined as improvement in seizures without a complication. Cost-effectiveness was measured using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS Invasive monitoring with sEEG had an increased cost of $274 and increased probability of effectiveness of 0.02 compared with SDEs, yielding an ICER of $12,630 per positive outcome obtained. Sensitivity analyses varied parameters widely and revealed consistent model results across the range of clinical parameters reported in the literature. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that invasive monitoring strategy costs were the most influential parameter for model outcome. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, based on available observational data and estimates of complication costs, invasive monitoring with either SDEs or sEEG was nearly equivalent in terms of cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Abel
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh.,Departments of2Bioengineering and
| | - Nallammai Muthiah
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - Jasmine L Hect
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - Afshin Salehi
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - Matthew D Smyth
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Tampa, Florida
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Restrepo CE, Balaguera P, Thompson SA, Johnson J, Lacuey N, Pati S, Harris K, Lhatoo SD, Tandon N. Safety and efficacy of bihemispheric sampling via transmidline stereoelectroencephalography. J Neurosurg 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36585867 DOI: 10.3171/2022.11.jns221144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is designed to target distributed cortical networks responsible for electroclinical seizure syndrome and to enable localization of the site of seizure onset in patients with intractable epilepsy. When the preimplantation hypothesis invokes the bilateral mesial frontal lobes, sampling of several deep-seated cortical sites in both hemispheres is required. In this study, the authors have demonstrated the feasibility of sampling bihemispheric areas with intentional implantation of an SEEG electrode crossing the midline (SECM) for sampling the cortex on both sides of the interhemispheric fissure. METHODS An analysis of 231 consecutive SEEG procedures over 8 years was used to identify instances of bihemispheric sampling by using the transmidline SEEG technique. RESULTS The authors identified 53 SEEG cases, with a total of 126 electrodes that crossed the interhemispheric fissure; all were in the frontal lobes. Eighty-three electrodes targeted the cingulate gyrus (18 rostral, 43 anterior, and 22 middle), 31 targeted the posterior orbitofrontal region, 8 sampled the medial prefrontal cortex, and 4 targeted nodular heterotopia around the frontal horns. The ictal onset zone was localized to the frontal lobe in 16 cases. SECM isolated interictal and ictal activity in the contralateral hemisphere in 6 cases and independent bihemispheric seizure activity in 2 cases. No hemorrhagic or infectious complications were noted in any of these cases. CONCLUSIONS Based on this extensive experience of bihemispheric sampling, the authors concluded that this technique is safe and effective. In this series, SECM showed contralateral interictal and/or ictal epileptiform activity in 8 (15%) cases, and 9 (16%) cases (with unilateral implantation) had sufficient data to discard contralateral involvement, contributing to support of the epileptogenic network. SECM may reduce the number of electrodes used to sample bilateral mesial frontal or orbitofrontal cortices, and such an approach may lower the risk of hemorrhage and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Restrepo
- 1Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pedro Balaguera
- 2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen A Thompson
- 2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica Johnson
- 1Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Nuria Lacuey
- 2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sandipan Pati
- 2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine Harris
- 2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samden D Lhatoo
- 2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Tandon
- 1Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,2Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.,4Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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Lagarde S, Bénar CG, Wendling F, Bartolomei F. Interictal Functional Connectivity in Focal Refractory Epilepsies Investigated by Intracranial EEG. Brain Connect 2022; 12:850-869. [PMID: 35972755 PMCID: PMC9807250 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Focal epilepsies are diseases of neuronal excitability affecting macroscopic networks of cortical and subcortical neural structures. These networks ("epileptogenic networks") can generate pathological electrophysiological activities during seizures, and also between seizures (interictal period). Many works attempt to describe these networks by using quantification methods, particularly based on the estimation of statistical relationships between signals produced by brain regions, namely functional connectivity (FC). Results: FC has been shown to be greatly altered during seizures and in the immediate peri-ictal period. An increasing number of studies have shown that FC is also altered during the interictal period depending on the degree of epileptogenicity of the structures. Furthermore, connectivity values could be correlated with other clinical variables including surgical outcome. Significance: This leads to a conceptual change and to consider epileptic areas as both hyperexcitable and abnormally connected. These data open the door to the use of interictal FC as a marker of epileptogenicity and as a complementary tool for predicting the effect of surgery. Aim: In this article, we review the available data concerning interictal FC estimated from intracranial electroencephalograhy (EEG) in focal epilepsies and discuss it in the light of data obtained from other modalities (EEG imaging) and modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Lagarde
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.,Department of Epileptology and Cerebral Rythmology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.,Address correspondence to: Stanislas Lagarde, Department of Epileptology and Cerebral Rythmology, APHM, Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.,Department of Epileptology and Cerebral Rythmology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
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Anand A, Magnotti JF, Smith DN, Gadot R, Najera RA, Hegazy MIR, Gavvala JR, Shofty B, Sheth SA. Predictive value of magnetoencephalography in guiding the intracranial implant strategy for intractable epilepsy. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:1237-1247. [PMID: 35303696 DOI: 10.3171/2022.1.jns212943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a useful component of the presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. Due to its high spatiotemporal resolution, MEG often provides additional information to the clinician when forming hypotheses about the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Because of the increasing utilization of stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG), MEG clusters are used to guide sEEG electrode targeting with increasing frequency. However, there are no predefined features of an MEG cluster that predict ictal activity. This study aims to determine which MEG cluster characteristics are predictive of the EZ. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed all patients who had an MEG study (2017-2021) and underwent subsequent sEEG evaluation. MEG dipoles and sEEG electrodes were reconstructed in the same coordinate space to calculate overlap among individual contacts on electrodes and MEG clusters. MEG cluster features-including number of dipoles, proximity, angle, density, magnitude, confidence parameters, and brain region-were used to predict ictal activity in sEEG. Logistic regression was used to identify important cluster features and to train a binary classifier to predict ictal activity. RESULTS Across 40 included patients, 196 electrodes (42.2%) sampled MEG clusters. Electrodes that sampled MEG clusters had higher rates of ictal and interictal activity than those that did not sample MEG clusters (ictal 68.4% vs 39.8%, p < 0.001; interictal 71.9% vs 44.6%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that the number of dipoles (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.14, t = 3.43) and confidence volume (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.86, t = -2.032) were predictive of ictal activity. This model was predictive of ictal activity with 77.3% accuracy (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 74%, C-statistic = 0.81). Using only the number of dipoles had a predictive accuracy of 75%, whereas a threshold between 14 and 17 dipoles in a cluster detected ictal activity with 75.9%-85.2% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS MEG clusters with approximately 14 or more dipoles are strong predictors of ictal activity and may be useful in the preoperative planning of sEEG implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F Magnotti
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay R Gavvala
- 3Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
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Larrew T, Skoch J, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R, Holland KD, Tenney JR, Horn PS, Leach JL, Krueger DA, Greiner HM, Mangano FT. Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E5. [PMID: 36183179 DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.focus22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) epilepsy present with unique clinical challenges such as early seizure onset and high rates of intractability and multifocality. Although there are numerous studies about the safety and efficacy of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), this topic has not been studied in TSC patients who have distinct epilepsy profiles. The authors investigated subdural grid (SDG) and SEEG monitoring to determine whether these procedures lead to similar seizure and safety outcomes and to identify features unique to this pediatric population.
METHODS
TSC patients who underwent SDG or SEEG placement and a second epilepsy surgery during the period from 2007 to 2021 were included in this single-center retrospective cohort analysis. Various patient, hospitalization, and epilepsy characteristics were collected.
RESULTS
A total of 50 TSC patients were included in this study: 30 were included in the SDG cohort and 20 in the SEEG cohort. Baseline weekly seizure count did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (p = 0.412). The SEEG group had a greater mean baseline number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (3.0 vs 2.0, p = 0.003), higher rate of previous surgical interventions (25% vs 0%, p = 0.007), and larger proportion of patients who underwent bilateral monitoring (50% vs 13.3%, p = 0.005). Despite this, there was no significant difference in seizure freedom between the SDG and SEEG cohorts. The mean reduction in seizure count was 84.9% and 47.8% of patients were seizure free at last follow-up (mean 79.4 months). SEEG trended toward being a safer procedure than SDG monitoring, with a shorter mean ICU stay (0.7 days vs 3.9 days, p < 0.001), lower blood transfusion rate (0% vs 13.3%, p = 0.140), and lower surgical complication rate (0% vs 10%, p = 0.265).
CONCLUSIONS
In the comparison of the SDG and SEEG cohorts, the SEEG group included patients who appeared to receive more aggressive management and have a higher rate of multifocality, more prior surgical interventions, more AEDs at baseline, and a higher rate of bilateral invasive monitoring. Despite this, the SEEG cohort had similar seizure outcomes and a trend toward increased safety. Based on these findings, SEEG appears to allow for monitoring of a wider breadth of TSC patients given its minimally invasive nature and its relative simplicity for monitoring numerous regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Jesse Skoch
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - S. Katie Z. Ihnen
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Katherine D. Holland
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Jeffrey R. Tenney
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Paul S. Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - James L. Leach
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Darcy A. Krueger
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Hansel M. Greiner
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati; and
| | - Francesco T. Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
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Engagement, Exploitation, and Human Intracranial Electrophysiology Research. NEUROETHICS-NETH 2022; 15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12152-022-09502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Remick M, Akwayena E, Harford E, Chilukuri A, White GE, Abel TJ. Subdural electrodes versus stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epileptogenic zone localization: a retrospective cohort study. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E4. [DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.focus2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the relative safety and effectiveness of invasive monitoring with subdural electrodes (SDEs) and stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed in 176 patients who underwent invasive monitoring evaluations at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh between January 2000 and September 2021. To examine differences between SDE and sEEG groups, independent-samples t-tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square tests for categorical variables were performed. A p value < 0.1 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
There were 134 patients (76%) in the SDE group and 42 (24%) in the sEEG group. There was a difference in the proportion with complications (17.9% in the SDE group vs 7.1% in the sEEG group, p = 0.09) and resection (75.4% SDE vs 21.4% sEEG, p < 0.01) between SDE and sEEG patients. However, there was no observable difference in the rates of postresection seizure freedom at 1-year clinical follow-up (60.2% SDE vs 75.0% sEEG, p = 0.55).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings reveal a difference in rates of surgical complications and resection between SDEs and sEEG. Larger prospective, multi-institutional pediatric comparative effectiveness studies may further explore these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Taylor J. Abel
- Departments of Neurological Surgery,
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Shlobin NA, Wang A, Phillips HW, Yan H, Ibrahim GM, Elkaim LM, Wang S, Liu X, Cai L, Nguyen DK, Fallah A, Weil AG. Sensorimotor outcomes after resection for perirolandic drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022; 30:410-427. [PMID: 35932272 DOI: 10.3171/2022.6.peds22160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of long-term postoperative sensorimotor deficits in children undergoing perirolandic resective epilepsy surgery is unclear. The risk of developing these deficits must be weighed against the potential reduction in seizure frequency after surgery. In this study, the authors investigated the prevalence of sensorimotor deficits after resective surgery at ≥ 1 year postoperatively. METHODS A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Subgroups of patients were identified and categorized according to their outcomes as follows: group A patients were denoted as seizure free with no postoperative sensorimotor deficits; group B patients experienced seizure recurrence with no deficit; group C patients were seizure free with deficits; and group D patients were not seizure free and with deficits. Rates of sensory deficits were examined in patients undergoing postcentral gyrus resection, and rates of motor deficits were aggregated in patients undergoing precentral gyrus resection. RESULTS Of 797 articles resulting from the database searches, 6 articles including 164 pediatric patients at a mean age of 7.7 ± 5.2 years with resection for drug-resistant perirolandic epilepsy were included in the study. Seizure freedom was observed in 118 (72.9%) patients at a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 1.8 years. In total, 109 (66.5%) patients did not develop sensorimotor deficits at last follow-up, while 55 (33.5%) had permanent deficits. Ten (14.3%) of 70 patients with postcentral gyrus resection had permanent sensory deficits. Of the postcentral gyrus resection patients, 41 (58.6%) patients were included in group A, 19 (27.1%) in group B, 7 (10.0%) in group C, and 3 (4.3%) in group D. Forty (37.7%) of 106 patients with precentral resections had permanent motor deficits. Of the precentral gyrus resection patients, 50 (47.2%) patients were in group A, 16 (15.1%) in group B, 24 (22.6%) in group C, and 16 (15.1%) in group D. Patients without focal cortical dysplasia were more likely to have permanent motor deficits relative to those with focal cortical dysplasia in the precentral surgery cohort (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In total, 58.6% of patients were seizure free without deficit, 27.1% were not seizure free and without deficit, 10.0% were seizure free but with deficit, and 4.3% were not seizure free and with deficit. Future studies with functional and quality-of-life data, particularly for patients who experience seizure recurrence with no deficits (as in group B in the present study) and those who are seizure free with deficits (as in group C) after treatment, are necessary to guide surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Shlobin
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew Wang
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - H Westley Phillips
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Han Yan
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - George M Ibrahim
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lior M Elkaim
- 4Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shuang Wang
- 5Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- 5Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Cai
- 5Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dang K Nguyen
- 6Division of Neurology, University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CHUM), Montreal
- 7CHUM Research Centre, Montreal
- 9Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal; and
| | - Aria Fallah
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander G Weil
- 8Division of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CHUM), Montreal
- 9Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal; and
- 10Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abramov I, Jubran JH, Houlihan LM, Park MT, Howshar JT, Farhadi DS, Loymak T, Cole TS, Pitskhelauri D, Preul MC. Multiple hippocampal transection for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review. Seizure 2022; 101:162-176. [PMID: 36041364 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple hippocampal transection (MHT) is a surgical technique that offers adequate seizure control with minimal perioperative morbidity. However, there is little evidence available to guide neurosurgeons in selecting this technique for use in appropriate patients. This systematic review analyzes patient-level data associated with MHT for intractable epilepsy, focusing on postoperative seizure control and memory outcomes. METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant articles were identified from 3 databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase) up to August 1, 2021. Inclusion criteria were that the majority of patients had received a diagnosis of intractable epilepsy, the article was written in English, MHT was the primary procedure, and patient-level metadata were included. RESULTS Fifty-nine unique patients who underwent MHT were identified across 11 studies. Ten (17%) of 59 patients underwent MHT alone. Forty-three (75%) of 57 patients who had a follow-up 12 months or longer were seizure free at last follow-up. With respect to postoperative verbal memory retention, 9 of 38 (24%) patient test scores did not change, 14 (37%) decreased, and 16 (42%) increased. With respect to postoperative nonverbal memory retention, 12 of 38 (34%) patient test scores did not change, 13 (34%) decreased, and 13 (33%) increased. CONCLUSION There are few reported patients analyzed after MHT. Although the neurocognitive benefits of MHT are unproven, this relatively novel technique has shown promise in the management of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy. However, structured trials assessing MHT in isolation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irakliy Abramov
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jubran H Jubran
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Lena Mary Houlihan
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Marian T Park
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jacob T Howshar
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dara S Farhadi
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Thanapong Loymak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Srisawan Hospital, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | - Tyler S Cole
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David Pitskhelauri
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark C Preul
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ.
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Wang P, Nan S, Zhang Y, Fan J. Effects of GABA B receptor positive allosteric modulator BHF177 and IRS-1 on apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats with refractory epilepsy via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1775-1786. [PMID: 35989486 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of the γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB ) receptor positive allosteric modulator BHF177 on refractory epilepsy (RE). An RE rat model was initially established via treatment with lithium-pilocarpine. The RE rats were then treated with BHF177 or the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP46381, followed by recording of their seizure rate and assessment of their spatial learning in the Morris water maze test. Treatment of BHF177 reduced the seizure intensity, whereas this effect was revered upoj treatment with CGP46381. Immunohistochemistry revealed that BHF177 treatment diminished P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the hippocampal tissues of RE rats. Next, we found that BHF177 activated GABAB receptor, resulting in upregulated expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and PI3K, as well as antiapoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and mTOR), along with suppression of the apoptosis factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampal tissues. Further, activation of GABAB receptors by BHF177 alleviated the inflammatory response in hippocampal tissues of RE rats, as evidenced by reduced VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Next, we treated primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons with BHF177 and the IRS-1 selective inhibitor NT157. BHF177 inhibited hippocampal apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons by regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt axis through crosstalk between GABAB and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors. Collectively, our findings indicate that the BHF177 inhibited neuron apoptosis, thus protecting against RE through the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt axis, which may present a new therapeutic channel for RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanji Nan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Witham NS, Reiche CF, Odell T, Barth K, Chiang CH, Wang C, Dubey A, Wingel K, Devore S, Friedman D, Pesaran B, Viventi J, Solzbacher F. Flexural bending to approximate cortical forces exerted by electrocorticography (ECoG) arrays. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:10.1088/1741-2552/ac8452. [PMID: 35882223 PMCID: PMC10002477 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The force that an electrocorticography (ECoG) array exerts on the brain manifests when it bends to match the curvature of the skull and cerebral cortex. This force can negatively impact both short-term and long-term patient outcomes. Here we provide a mechanical characterization of a novel liquid crystal polymer (LCP) ECoG array prototype to demonstrate that its thinner geometry reduces the force potentially applied to the cortex of the brain.Approach.We built a low-force flexural testing machine to measure ECoG array bending forces, calculate their effective flexural moduli, and approximate the maximum force they could exerted on the human brain.Main results.The LCP ECoG prototype was found to have a maximal force less than 20% that of any commercially available ECoG arrays that were tested. However, as a material, LCP was measured to be as much as 24× more rigid than silicone, which is traditionally used in ECoG arrays. This suggests that the lower maximal force resulted from the prototype's thinner profile (2.9×-3.25×).Significance.While decreasing material stiffness can lower the force an ECoG array exhibits, our LCP ECoG array prototype demonstrated that flexible circuit manufacturing techniques can also lower these forces by decreasing ECoG array thickness. Flexural tests of ECoG arrays are necessary to accurately assess these forces, as material properties for polymers and laminates are often scale dependent. As the polymers used are anisotropic, elastic modulus cannot be used to predict ECoG flexural behavior. Accounting for these factors, we used our four-point flexure testing procedure to quantify the forces exerted on the brain by ECoG array bending. With this experimental method, ECoG arrays can be designed to minimize force exerted on the brain, potentially improving both acute and chronic clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Witham
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas Odell
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Katrina Barth
- Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Charles Wang
- Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Agrita Dubey
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Katie Wingel
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Sasha Devore
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel Friedman
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Bijan Pesaran
- New York University, New York City, NY, United States of America
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Woolnough O, Donos C, Curtis A, Rollo PS, Roccaforte ZJ, Dehaene S, Fischer-Baum S, Tandon N. A Spatiotemporal Map of Reading Aloud. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5438-5450. [PMID: 35641189 PMCID: PMC9270918 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2324-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reading words aloud is a fundamental aspect of literacy. The rapid rate at which multiple distributed neural substrates are engaged in this process can only be probed via techniques with high spatiotemporal resolution. We probed this with direct intracranial recordings covering most of the left hemisphere in 46 humans (26 male, 20 female) as they read aloud regular, exception and pseudo-words. We used this to create a spatiotemporal map of word processing and to derive how broadband γ activity varies with multiple word attributes critical to reading speed: lexicality, word frequency, and orthographic neighborhood. We found that lexicality is encoded earliest in mid-fusiform (mFus) cortex, and precentral sulcus, and is represented reliably enough to allow single-trial lexicality decoding. Word frequency is first represented in mFus and later in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and inferior parietal sulcus (IPS), while orthographic neighborhood sensitivity resides solely in IPS. We thus isolate the neural correlates of the distributed reading network involving mFus, IFG, IPS, precentral sulcus, and motor cortex and provide direct evidence for parallel processes via the lexical route from mFus to IFG, and the sublexical route from IPS and precentral sulcus to anterior IFG.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reading aloud depends on multiple complex cerebral computations: mapping from a written letter string on a page to a sequence of spoken sound representations. Here, we used direct intracranial recordings in a large cohort while they read aloud known and novel words, to track, across space and time, the progression of neural representations of behaviorally relevant factors that govern reading speed. We find, concordant with cognitive models of reading, that known and novel words are differentially processed through a lexical route, sensitive to frequency of occurrence of known words in natural language, and a sublexical route, performing letter-by-letter construction of novel words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Woolnough
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Cristian Donos
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050663, Romania
| | - Aidan Curtis
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zachary J Roccaforte
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, NeuroSpin Center, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
- Collège de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Simon Fischer-Baum
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Sivaraju A, Hirsch L, Gaspard N, Farooque P, Gerrard J, Xu Y, Deng Y, Damisah E, Blumenfeld H, Spencer DD. Factors Predicting Outcome After Intracranial EEG Evaluation in Patients With Medically Refractory Epilepsy. Neurology 2022; 99:e1-e10. [PMID: 35508395 PMCID: PMC9259091 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify predictors of a resective surgery and subsequent seizure freedom following intracranial EEG (ICEEG) for seizure-onset localization. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of 178 consecutive patients with medically refractory epilepsy who underwent ICEEG monitoring from 2002 to 2015. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis identified independent predictors of resection vs other options. Stepwise Akaike information criteria with the aid of clinical consideration were used to select the best multivariable model for predicting resection and outcome. Discrete time survival analysis was used to analyze the factors predicting seizure-free outcome. Cumulative probability of seizure freedom was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between resection and nonresection groups. Additional univariate analysis was performed on 8 select clinical scenarios commonly encountered during epilepsy surgical evaluations. RESULTS Multivariable analysis identified the presence of a lesional MRI, presurgical hypothesis suggesting temporal lobe onset, and a nondominant hemisphere implant as independent predictors of resection (p < 0.0001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.87). Focal ICEEG onset and undergoing a resective surgery predicted absolute seizure freedom at the 5-year follow-up. Patients who underwent resective surgery were more likely to be seizure-free at 5 years compared with continued medical treatment or neuromodulation (60% vs 7%; p < 0.0001, hazard ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.28). Even patients thought to have unfavorable predictors (nonlesional MRI or extratemporal lobe hypothesis or dominant hemisphere implant) had ≥50% chance of seizure freedom at 5 years if they underwent resection. DISCUSSION Unfavorable predictors, including having nonlesional extratemporal epilepsy, should not deter a thorough presurgical evaluation, including with invasive recordings in many cases. Resective surgery without functional impairment offers the best chance for sustained seizure freedom and should always be considered first. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that the presence of a lesional MRI, presurgical hypothesis suggesting temporal lobe onset, and a nondominant hemisphere implant are independent predictors of resection. Focal ICEEG onset and undergoing resection are independent predictors of 5-year seizure freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sivaraju
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (A.S., L.H., N.G., P.F., H.B.), Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Service de Neurologie (N.G.), Université Libre de Bruxelles-Hôpital Erasme, Belgium; Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.G., E.D., D.D.S.), Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (Y.X., Y.D.), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.
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Mercier MR, Dubarry AS, Tadel F, Avanzini P, Axmacher N, Cellier D, Vecchio MD, Hamilton LS, Hermes D, Kahana MJ, Knight RT, Llorens A, Megevand P, Melloni L, Miller KJ, Piai V, Puce A, Ramsey NF, Schwiedrzik CM, Smith SE, Stolk A, Swann NC, Vansteensel MJ, Voytek B, Wang L, Lachaux JP, Oostenveld R. Advances in human intracranial electroencephalography research, guidelines and good practices. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119438. [PMID: 35792291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the second-half of the twentieth century, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), including both electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG), has provided an intimate view into the human brain. At the interface between fundamental research and the clinic, iEEG provides both high temporal resolution and high spatial specificity but comes with constraints, such as the individual's tailored sparsity of electrode sampling. Over the years, researchers in neuroscience developed their practices to make the most of the iEEG approach. Here we offer a critical review of iEEG research practices in a didactic framework for newcomers, as well addressing issues encountered by proficient researchers. The scope is threefold: (i) review common practices in iEEG research, (ii) suggest potential guidelines for working with iEEG data and answer frequently asked questions based on the most widespread practices, and (iii) based on current neurophysiological knowledge and methodologies, pave the way to good practice standards in iEEG research. The organization of this paper follows the steps of iEEG data processing. The first section contextualizes iEEG data collection. The second section focuses on localization of intracranial electrodes. The third section highlights the main pre-processing steps. The fourth section presents iEEG signal analysis methods. The fifth section discusses statistical approaches. The sixth section draws some unique perspectives on iEEG research. Finally, to ensure a consistent nomenclature throughout the manuscript and to align with other guidelines, e.g., Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and the OHBM Committee on Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), we provide a glossary to disambiguate terms related to iEEG research.
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Nandakumar N, Hsu D, Ahmed R, Venkataraman A. DeepEZ: A Graph Convolutional Network for Automated Epileptogenic Zone Localization from Resting-State fMRI Connectivity. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 70:216-227. [PMID: 35776823 PMCID: PMC9841829 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3187942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epileptogenic zone (EZ) localization is a crucial step during diagnostic work up and therapeutic planning in medication refractory epilepsy. In this paper, we present the first deep learning approach to localize the EZ based on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. METHODS Our network, called DeepEZ, uses a cascade of graph convolutions that emphasize signal propagation along expected anatomical pathways. We also integrate domain-specific information, such as an asymmetry term on the predicted EZ and a learned subject-specific bias to mitigate environmental confounds. RESULTS We validate DeepEZ on rs-fMRI collected from 14 patients with focal epilepsy at the University of Wisconsin Madison. Using cross validation, we demonstrate that DeepEZ achieves consistently high EZ localization performance (Accuracy: 0.88 ± 0.03; AUC: 0.73 ± 0.03) that far outstripped any of the baseline methods. This performance is notable given the variability in EZ locations and scanner type across the cohort. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the promise of using DeepEZ as an accurate and noninvasive therapeutic planning tool for medication refractory epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE While prior work in EZ localization focused on identifying localized aberrant signatures, there is growing evidence that epileptic seizures affect inter-regional connectivity in the brain. DeepEZ allows clinicians to harness this information from noninvasive imaging that can easily be integrated into the existing clinical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Nandakumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Archana Venkataraman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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Woolnough O, Forseth KJ, Rollo PS, Roccaforte ZJ, Tandon N. Event-Related Phase Synchronization Propagates Rapidly across Human Ventral Visual Cortex. Neuroimage 2022; 256:119262. [PMID: 35504563 PMCID: PMC9382906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual inputs to early visual cortex integrate with semantic, linguistic and memory inputs in higher visual cortex, in a manner that is rapid and accurate, and enables complex computations such as face recognition and word reading. This implies the existence of fundamental organizational principles that enable such efficiency. To elaborate on this, we performed intracranial recordings in 82 individuals while they performed tasks of varying visual and cognitive complexity. We discovered that visual inputs induce highly organized posterior-to-anterior propagating patterns of phase modulation across the ventral occipitotemporal cortex. At individual electrodes there was a stereotyped temporal pattern of phase progression following both stimulus onset and offset, consistent across trials and tasks. The phase of low frequency activity in anterior regions was predicted by the prior phase in posterior cortical regions. This spatiotemporal propagation of phase likely serves as a feed-forward organizational influence enabling the integration of information across the ventral visual stream. This phase modulation manifests as the early components of the event related potential; one of the most commonly used measures in human electrophysiology. These findings illuminate fundamental organizational principles of the higher order visual system that enable the rapid recognition and characterization of a variety of inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Woolnough
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Kiefer J Forseth
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Zachary J Roccaforte
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America.
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