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Lanzino G, Rabinstein AA. Advances and Future Trends in the Diagnosis and Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:705-716. [PMID: 38937037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Major advances in neurocritical care and the modalities used to treat aneurysms have led to improvement in the outlook of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Yet, several knowledge gaps remain widely open. Variability in practices stems from the lack of solid evidence to guide management, which recent guidelines from professional organizations aim to mitigate. In this article, the authors review some of these gaps in knowledge, highlight important messages from recent management guidelines, emphasize aspects of our practice that we consider particularly useful to optimize patient outcomes, and suggest future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanzino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Lee KS, Prevedello DM. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in neurosurgery Part II: a guide to designing the protocol. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:360. [PMID: 39060698 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite clearly established guidelines, recent audits have found the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) within neurosurgery to be relatively lackluster in methodological rigor and compliance. Protocols of SRMAs allow for planning and documentation of review methods, guard against arbitrary decision-making during the review process, and enable readers to assess for the presence of selective reporting. To aid transparency, authors should provide sufficient detail in their protocol so that the readers could reproduce the study themselves. Development of our guideline drew heavily from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) initiative. The objective of this article is not to enumerate every detail of this checklist, but to provide guidance to authors preparing their protocol, with examples, for a systematic review in neurosurgery. Particularly, we emphasize on the PICO framework - population (P), interventions (I), comparators (C), outcomes (O) - which is central to constructing a clinical question, defining the scope of the systematic review, defining and prioritizing the primary outcome, to specifying the eligibility criteria, designing the search strategy, and identifying potential sources of heterogeneity. We encourage our readers to make use of this guideline alongside the PRISMA-P 2015 statement, when drafting and appraising systematic review protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Daniel M Prevedello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Lee KS, Lawton MT. In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Effectiveness of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lumbar Drainage Among Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". World Neurosurg 2024; 187:261. [PMID: 38970183 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Azadian MM, Macedo N, Yu BJ, Fame RM, Airan RD. Ultrasonic cerebrospinal fluid clearance improves outcomes in hemorrhagic brain injury models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.597001. [PMID: 38895304 PMCID: PMC11185536 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.597001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Impaired clearance of the byproducts of aging and neurologic disease from the brain exacerbates disease progression and severity. We have developed a noninvasive, low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound protocol that facilitates the removal of pathogenic substances from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain interstitium. This protocol clears neurofilament light chain (NfL) - an aging byproduct - in aged mice and clears red blood cells (RBCs) from the central nervous system in two mouse models of hemorrhagic brain injury. Cleared RBCs accumulate in the cervical lymph nodes from both the CSF and interstitial compartments, indicating clearance through meningeal lymphatics. Treating these hemorrhagic brain injury models with this ultrasound protocol reduced neuroinflammatory and neurocytotoxic profiles, improved behavioral outcomes, decreased morbidity and, importantly, increased survival. RBC clearance efficacy was blocked by mechanosensitive channel antagonism and was effective when applied in anesthetized subjects, indicating a mechanosensitive channel mediated mechanism that does not depend on sensory stimulation or a specific neural activity pattern. Notably, this protocol qualifies for an FDA non-significant risk designation given its low intensity, making it readily clinically translatable. Overall, our results demonstrate that this low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound protocol clears hemorrhage and other harmful substances from the brain via the meningeal lymphatic system, potentially offering a novel therapeutic tool for varied neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matine M. Azadian
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Macedo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brenda J. Yu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ryann M. Fame
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Raag D. Airan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Park S. Emergent Management of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:662-681. [PMID: 38830067 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high morbidity and mortality rates, and the emergent management of this disease can make a large impact on patient outcome. The purpose of this article is to provide a pragmatic overview of the emergent management of SAH. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Recent trials have influenced practice around the use of antifibrinolytics, the timing of aneurysm securement, the recognition of cerebral edema and focus on avoiding a lower limit of perfusion, and the detection and prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia. Much of the acute management of SAH can be protocolized, as demonstrated by two updated guidelines published by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and the Neurocritical Care Society in 2023. However, the gaps in evidence lead to clinical equipoise in some aspects of critical care management. ESSENTIAL POINTS In acute management, there is an urgency to differentiate the etiology of SAH and take key emergent actions including blood pressure management and coagulopathy reversal. The critical care management of SAH is similar to that of other acute brain injuries, with the addition of detecting and treating delayed cerebral ischemia. Strategies for the detection and treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia are limited by disordered consciousness and may be augmented by monitoring and imaging technology.
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Tuzi S, Kranawetter B, Moerer O, Rohde V, Mielke D, Malinova V. Influence of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the first days after aneurysm rupture on the severity of early brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:234. [PMID: 38805034 PMCID: PMC11133135 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Progressive cerebral edema with refractory intracranial hypertension (ICP) requiring decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) is a severe manifestation of early brain injury (EBI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The purpose of the study was to investigate whether a more pronounced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage has an influence on cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the extent of EBI after aSAH. METHODS Patients with aSAH and indication for ICP-monitoring admitted to our center between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively included. EBI was categorized based on intracranial blood burden, persistent loss of consciousness, and SEBES (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score) score on the third day after ictus. The draining CSF and vital signs such as ICP and CPP were documented daily. RESULTS 90 out of 324 eligible aSAH patients (28%) were included. The mean age was 54.2 ± 11.9 years. DHC was performed in 24% (22/90) of patients. Mean CSF drainage within 72 h after ictus was 168.5 ± 78.5 ml. A higher CSF drainage within 72 h after ictus correlated with a less severe EBI and a less frequent need for DHC (r=-0.33, p = 0.001) and with a higher mean CPP on day 3 after ictus (r = 0.2351, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION A more pronounced CSF drainage in the first 3 days of aSAH was associated with higher CPP and a less severe course of EBI and required less frequently a DHC. These results support the hypothesis that an early and pronounced CSF drainage may facilitate blood clearance and positively influence the course of EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Tuzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Beate Kranawetter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veit Rohde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Mielke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vesna Malinova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Vazquez S, Subah G, Dorilio J, Nolan B, Dominguez J, Gandhi CD, Al-Mufti F. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: which way out? J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:633-634. [PMID: 38124140 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-021319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Vazquez
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Galadu Subah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Dorilio
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Bridget Nolan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jose Dominguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Rao D, Yang L, Enxi X, Siyuan L, Yu Q, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Yerong C, Bo C, Xiuhong S, Eryi S. A predictive model in patients with chronic hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1366306. [PMID: 38817542 PMCID: PMC11137279 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1366306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to develop a nomogram that integrates clinical and radiological data obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans, enabling the prediction of chronic hydrocephalus in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Method A total of 318 patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled in our study. We collected clinical characteristics from the hospital's medical record system. To identify risk factors associated with chronic hydrocephalus, we conducted both univariate and LASSO regression models on these clinical characteristics and radiological features, accompanied with penalty parameter adjustments conducted through tenfold cross-validation. All features were then incorporated into multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on these findings, we developed a clinical-radiological nomogram. To evaluate its discrimination performance, we conducted Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calculated the Area Under the Curve (AUC). Additionally, we employed calibration curves, and utilized Brier scores as an indicator of concordance. Additionally, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) was performed to determine the clinical utility of our models by estimating net benefits at various threshold probabilities for both training and testing groups. Results The study included 181 patients, with a determined chronic hydrocephalus prevalence of 17.7%. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified 11 potential risk factors, while LASSO regression identified 7 significant risk factors associated with chronic hydrocephalus. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed three independent predictors for chronic hydrocephalus following aSAH: Periventricular white matter changes, External lumbar drainage, and Modified Fisher Grade. A nomogram incorporating these factors accurately predicted the risk of chronic hydrocephalus in both the training and testing cohorts. The AUC values were calculated as 0.810 and 0.811 for each cohort respectively, indicating good discriminative ability of the nomogram model. Calibration curves along with Hosmer-Lemeshow tests demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes in both cohorts. Furthermore, Brier scores (0.127 for the training and 0.09 for testing groups) further validated the predictive performance of our nomogram model. The DCA confirmed that this nomogram provides superior net benefit across various risk thresholds when predicting chronic hydrocephalus. The decision curve demonstrated that when an individual's threshold probability ranged from 5 to 62%, this model is more effective in predicting the occurrence of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH. Conclusion A clinical-radiological nomogram was developed to combine clinical characteristics and radiological features from CT scans, aiming to enhance the accuracy of predicting chronic hydrocephalus in patients with aSAH. This innovative nomogram shows promising potential in assisting clinicians to create personalized and optimal treatment plans by providing precise predictions of chronic hydrocephalus among aSAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Rao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Enxi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Siyuan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Yerong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Bo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Xiuhong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sun Eryi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Josephson SA. JAMA Neurology-The Year in Review, 2023. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:444-445. [PMID: 38498007 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S Andrew Josephson
- Editor, JAMA Neurology
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
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Robba C, Busl KM, Claassen J, Diringer MN, Helbok R, Park S, Rabinstein A, Treggiari M, Vergouwen MDI, Citerio G. Contemporary management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. An update for the intensivist. Intensive Care Med 2024; 50:646-664. [PMID: 38598130 PMCID: PMC11078858 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a rare yet profoundly debilitating condition associated with high global case fatality and morbidity rates. The key determinants of functional outcome include early brain injury, rebleeding of the ruptured aneurysm and delayed cerebral ischaemia. The only effective way to reduce the risk of rebleeding is to secure the ruptured aneurysm quickly. Prompt diagnosis, transfer to specialized centers, and meticulous management in the intensive care unit (ICU) significantly improved the prognosis of aSAH. Recently, multimodality monitoring with specific interventions to correct pathophysiological imbalances has been proposed. Vigilance extends beyond intracranial concerns to encompass systemic respiratory and haemodynamic monitoring, as derangements in these systems can precipitate secondary brain damage. Challenges persist in treating aSAH patients, exacerbated by a paucity of robust clinical evidence, with many interventions showing no benefit when tested in rigorous clinical trials. Given the growing body of literature in this field and the issuance of contemporary guidelines, our objective is to furnish an updated review of essential principles of ICU management for this patient population. Our review will discuss the epidemiology, initial stabilization, treatment strategies, long-term prognostic factors, the identification and management of post-aSAH complications. We aim to offer practical clinical guidance to intensivists, grounded in current evidence and expert clinical experience, while adhering to a concise format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Robba
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Katharina M Busl
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Claassen
- Department of Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael N Diringer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Clinical Research Institute for Neuroscience, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Miriam Treggiari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mervyn D I Vergouwen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Milano Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Neuroscience Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Früh A, Truckenmüller P, Wasilewski D, Vajkoczy P, Wolf S. Analysis of Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage and Intracranial Pressure Peaks in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-01981-9. [PMID: 38622488 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-01981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) due to disrupted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics is a critical concern. An external ventricular drainage (EVD) is commonly employed for management; however, optimal strategies remain debated. The randomized controlled Earlydrain trial showed that an additional prophylactic lumbar drainage (LD) after aneurysm treatment improves neurological outcome. We performed a post hoc investigation on the impact of drainage volumes and critical ICP values on patient outcomes after aSAH. METHODS Using raw patient data from Earlydrain, we analyzed CSF drainage amounts and ICP measurements in the first 8 days after aSAH. Outcomes were the occurrence of secondary infarctions and the score on the modified Rankin scale after 6 months, dichotomized in values of 0-2 as favorable and 3-6 as unfavorable. Repeated measurements were considered with generalized estimation equations. RESULTS Earlydrain recruited 287 patients, of whom 221 received an EVD and 140 received an LD. Higher EVD volumes showed a trend to more secondary infarctions (p = 0.09), whereas higher LD volumes were associated with less secondary infarctions (p = 0.009). The mean total CSF drainage was 1052 ± 659 mL and did not differ concerning infarction and neurological outcome. Maximum ICP values were higher in patients with poor outcomes but not related to drainage volumes via EVD. After adjustment for aSAH severity and total CSF drainage, higher LD volume was linked to favorable outcome (per 100 mL: odds ratio 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.39-0.95), p = 0.03), whereas higher EVD amounts were associated with unfavorable outcome (per 100 mL: odds ratio 1.63 (95% confidence interval 1.05-2.54), p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that effects of CSF drainage via EVD and LD differ. Higher amounts and higher proportions of LD volumes were associated with better outcomes, suggesting a potential quantity-dependent protective effect. Optimizing LD volume and mitigating ICP spikes may be a strategy to improve patient outcomes after aSAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01258257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Früh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Junior Digital Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Truckenmüller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Wasilewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Ryan D, Ikramuddin S, Alexander S, Buckley C, Feng W. Three Pillars of Recovery After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01249-6. [PMID: 38602660 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating neurologic disease with high mortality and disability. There have been global improvements in survival, which has contributed to the prevalence of patients living with long-term sequelae related to this disease. The focus of active research has traditionally centered on acute treatment to reduce mortality, but now there is a great need to study the course of short- and long-term recovery in these patients. In this narrative review, we aim to describe the core pillars in the preservation of cerebral function, prevention of complications, the recent literature studying neuroplasticity, and future directions for research to enhance recovery outcomes following aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Ryan
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27704, USA
| | - Salman Ikramuddin
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sheila Alexander
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27704, USA.
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13
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Panni P, Simionato F, Cao R, Pedicelli A, Marchese E, Caricato A, Alexandre A, Feletti A, Testa M, Zanatta P, Gitti N, Piva S, Mardighian D, Semeraro V, Nardin G, Lozupone E, Paiano G, Picetti E, Montanaro V, Petranca M, Bortolotti C, Scibilia A, Cirillo L, Aspide R, Lanterna AL, Ambrosi A, Mortini P, Azzolini ML, Calvi MR, Falini A. Hemorrhage Volume Drives Early Brain Injury and Outcome in Poor-Grade Aneurysmal SAH. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:393-399. [PMID: 38453415 PMCID: PMC11288567 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early brain injury is a major determinant of clinical outcome in poor-grade (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] IV-V) aneurysmal SAH and is radiologically defined by global cerebral edema. Little is known, though, about the effect of global intracranial hemorrhage volume on early brain injury development and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the multicentric prospective Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (POGASH) Registry of consecutive patients with poor-grade aneurysmal SAH admitted from January 1, 2015, to August 31, 2022, was retrospectively evaluated. Poor grade was defined according to the worst-pretreatment WFNS grade. Global intracranial hemorrhage volume as well as the volumes of intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and SAH were calculated by means of analytic software in a semiautomated setting. Outcomes included severe global cerebral edema (defined by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score grades 3-4), in-hospital mortality (mRS 6), and functional independence (mRS 0-2) at follow-up. RESULTS Among 400 patients (median global intracranial hemorrhage volume of 91 mL; interquartile range, 59-128), severe global cerebral edema was detected in 218/400 (54.5%) patients. One hundred twenty-three (30.8%) patients died during the acute phase of hospitalization. One hundred fifty-five (38.8%) patients achieved mRS 0-2 at a median of 13 (interquartile range, 3-26) months of follow-up. Multivariable analyses showed global intracranial hemorrhage volume as independently associated with severe global cerebral edema (adjusted OR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.004-1.014; P < .001), mortality (adjusted OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01; P = .018) and worse clinical outcome (adjusted OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.98-0.996; P < .010). The effect of global intracranial hemorrhage volume on clinical-radiologic outcomes changed significantly according to different age groups (younger than 50, 50-70, older than 70 year of age). Volumes of intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and SAH affected the 3 predefined outcomes differently. Intracerebral hemorrhage volume independently predicted global cerebral edema and long-term outcome, intraventricular hemorrhage volume predicted mortality and long-term outcome, and SAH volume predicted long-term clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Global intracranial hemorrhage volume plays a pivotal role in global cerebral edema development and emerged as an independent predictor of both mortality and long-term clinical outcome. Aging emerged as a reducing predictor in the relationship between global intracranial hemorrhage volume and global cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Panni
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.P., P.M.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Simionato
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Cao
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- Institute of Radiological Sciences (A.P., A. Alexandre). Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchese
- Department of Neurosurgery (E.M.), Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Caricato
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (A.C.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Alexandre
- Institute of Radiological Sciences (A.P., A. Alexandre). Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Feletti
- Institute of Neurosurgery (A. Feletti, M.T), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mattia Testa
- Institute of Neurosurgery (A. Feletti, M.T), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Zanatta
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care A (P.Z.), Integrated University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Gitti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency (N.G., S.P.), Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Piva
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency (N.G., S.P.), Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dikran Mardighian
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.M.), Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Semeraro
- Department of Radiology (V.S.), SS Annunziata Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Giordano Nardin
- Department of Critical Care (G.N.), SS Annunziata Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Emilio Lozupone
- Department of Neuroradiology (E.L.), Vito-Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giafranco Paiano
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care (G.P.), Vito-Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Edoardo Picetti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.P., V.M., M.P), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Vito Montanaro
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.P., V.M., M.P), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Petranca
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.P., V.M., M.P), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Bortolotti
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.B., A.S.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonino Scibilia
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.B., A.S.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neuroradiology (L.C.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Aspide
- Department of Neurointensive Care (R.A.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Biostatistics, School of Medicine (A. Ambrosi), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.P., P.M.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Azzolini
- Deparment of Neurocritical Care (M.L.A., M.R.C.), San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Calvi
- Deparment of Neurocritical Care (M.L.A., M.R.C.), San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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14
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Früh A, Wolf S, Wasilewski D, Vajkoczy P, Truckenmueller P. Early Complications and Outcome After Treatment of Ruptured Aneurysms in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-A Post Hoc Analysis of the EARLYDRAIN Trial. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:e720-e730. [PMID: 38340802 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a severe, life-threatening condition, with high morbidity and mortality. The current treatment often involves surgical clipping or endovascular treatment within the first 24-48 hours. Although there is ample evidence of complications in treating unruptured aneurysms, similar data in patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms are limited. The recently completed EARLYDRAIN trial showed improved neurologic results from lumbar drainage after aneurysm treatment in patients with aSAH. Using this data set, we aim to study the frequency and effects of complications and identify associated risk factors. METHODS A substudy was carried out of the prospective multicenter randomized controlled EARLYDRAIN trial. We analyzed treatment-associated complications (bleeding and/or infarctions) detected on computed tomography on day 1 after aneurysm occlusion. Outcomes were the occurrence of postprocedural complications, secondary infarctions in the acute phase, and the modified Rankin Scale score after 6 months. RESULTS The EARLYDRAIN trial recruited 287 patients in 19 centers. Of these patients, 56 (19.5%) experienced a treatment complication. Twenty-five patients (8.7%) experienced postprocedural intracranial hemorrhage and 34 patients (11.8%) experienced a treatment-associated infarction. Patients with a complication showed more secondary infarctions (P = 0.049) and worse neurologic outcomes after 180 days (P = 0.025) compared with patients with no complication. Aneurysm location, rebleeding before the treatment, number of patients recruited per center, and the day of the treatment were independent risk factors for the occurrence of complications. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that patients with aSAH frequently experience intervention-associated complications associated with aneurysm occlusion required to prevent recurrent hemorrhage. Consequently, patients with aSAH with treatment-related complications more often experience a worse clinical course and poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Früh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Digital Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David Wasilewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Truckenmueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Li X, Wang Y, Xia B, Che H, Yan Z. Lumboperitoneal shunt and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a comparison. Front Surg 2024; 11:1368493. [PMID: 38533091 PMCID: PMC10963422 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1368493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) results in poor neurological outcomes and cognitive deficits. Currently, the main treatments for chronic hydrocephalus include ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS); however, the optimal treatment for chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH remains controversial. Method The records of 82 patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into VPS and LPS groups based on surgical methods. The efficacy, shunt successful rate and complications were compared. The assessments of treatment efficacy included the Evans index score (EIS), Keifer's hydrocephalus score (KHS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and functional independence measure (FIM). Patients were followed up for three months to observe the postoperative curative effects and complications. Results The rate of shunt obstruction was significantly higher in the LPS group than that in the VPS group (p < 0.05), and the shunt successful rate was significantly higher in the VPS group than that in the LPS group (p < 0.05). The total rate of complications was 24.4% for LPS and 39% for VPS. The improvements in EIS, KHS, MMSE, and FIM within each group after the shunt were significantly different compared to those before shunt (p < 0.05). Compared to those in the LPS group, the improvements in EIS, KHS, MMSE, and FIM were significantly different in the VPS group after shunt (p < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with LPS, VPS in the treatment for chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH had greater therapeutic efficacy, as indicated by improved radiological outcomes, improved shunt successful rate, improved clinical outcomes, and improved quality of life. Therefore, we believe that VPS is the preferred treatment option for chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH, while LPS should only be used as an alternative to VPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhongnan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Lee KS, Chari A, Motiwala M, Khan NR, Arthur AS, Lawton MT. Effectiveness of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lumbar Drainage Among Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:246-253.e12. [PMID: 38246528 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral vasospasm in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) continues to be a major source of morbidity despite significant clinical and basic science research. The removal of blood and its degradation products from the subarachnoid space through prophylactic lumbar drainage (LD) is a favorable option. However, several studies have delivered conflicting conclusions on its efficacy after aSAH. METHODS Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were performed. The primary outcome was a good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score, 0-2). Secondary outcomes included symptomatic vasospasm, secondary cerebral infarction, and mortality. RESULTS A total of 14 studies reporting on 2473 patients with aSAH were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the non-LD group, no significant differences were found in the rates of good functional outcomes in the LD group at discharge to 1 month (risk ratio [RR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-2.58) or at 6 months (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.97-1.41). These findings were consistent in the subgroup analyses of only randomized controlled trials or observational studies. LD was associated with lower rates of symptomatic vasospasm (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48-0.77), secondary cerebral infarction (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45-0.79), and mortality at discharge to 1 month (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.82). The effect on mortality diminished at 6 months (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.34-1.45). However, when analyzing only randomized controlled trials, the benefit of LD on lower rates of mortality continued even at 6 months (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99). CONCLUSIONS For aSAH patients, the use of LD is associated with benefits in the rates of vasospasm, secondary cerebral infarctions, and mortality, without an increased risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Aswin Chari
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Motiwala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nickalus R Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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17
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Bandyopadhyay S, Schwendinger N, Jahromi BR, Lad SP, Blackburn S, Wolf S, Bulters D, Galea I, Hugelshofer M. Red Blood Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartment After Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Significance and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01238-9. [PMID: 38418755 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of stroke that predominantly impacts younger individuals. It is associated with high mortality rates and can cause long-term disabilities. This review examines the contribution of the initial blood load and the dynamics of clot clearance to the pathophysiology of SAH and the risk of adverse outcomes. These outcomes include hydrocephalus and delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI), with a particular focus on the impact of blood located in the cisternal spaces, as opposed to ventricular blood, in the development of DCI. The literature described underscores the prognostic value of haematoma characteristics, such as volume, density, and anatomical location. The limitations of traditional radiographic grading systems are discussed, compared with the more accurate volumetric quantification techniques for predicting patient prognosis. Further, the significance of red blood cells (RBCs) and their breakdown products in secondary brain injury after SAH is explored. The review presents novel interventions designed to accelerate clot clearance or mitigate the effects of toxic byproducts released from erythrolysis in the cerebrospinal fluid following SAH. In conclusion, this review offers deeper insights into the complex dynamics of SAH and discusses the potential pathways available for advancing its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nina Schwendinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Universitätsspital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shivanand P Lad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Spiros Blackburn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diederik Bulters
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Galea
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Hugelshofer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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18
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Dreier JP, Lemale CL, Horst V, Major S, Kola V, Schoknecht K, Scheel M, Hartings JA, Vajkoczy P, Wolf S, Woitzik J, Hecht N. Similarities in the Electrographic Patterns of Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Brain Death After Aneurysmal and Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01237-w. [PMID: 38396252 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01237-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
While subarachnoid hemorrhage is the second most common hemorrhagic stroke in epidemiologic studies, the recent DISCHARGE-1 trial has shown that in reality, three-quarters of focal brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage is ischemic. Two-fifths of these ischemic infarctions occur early and three-fifths are delayed. The vast majority are cortical infarcts whose pathomorphology corresponds to anemic infarcts. Therefore, we propose in this review that subarachnoid hemorrhage as an ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke is rather a third, separate entity in addition to purely ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Cumulative focal brain damage, determined by neuroimaging after the first 2 weeks, is the strongest known predictor of patient outcome half a year after the initial hemorrhage. Because of the unique ability to implant neuromonitoring probes at the brain surface before stroke onset and to perform longitudinal MRI scans before and after stroke, delayed cerebral ischemia is currently the stroke variant in humans whose pathophysiological details are by far the best characterized. Optoelectrodes located directly over newly developing delayed infarcts have shown that, as mechanistic correlates of infarct development, spreading depolarizations trigger (1) spreading ischemia, (2) severe hypoxia, (3) persistent activity depression, and (4) transition from clustered spreading depolarizations to a negative ultraslow potential. Furthermore, traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage are the second and third most common etiologies of brain death during continued systemic circulation. Here, we use examples to illustrate that although the pathophysiological cascades associated with brain death are global, they closely resemble the local cascades associated with the development of delayed cerebral infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Dreier
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Coline L Lemale
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Horst
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Major
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasilis Kola
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Schoknecht
- Medical Faculty, Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Scheel
- Department of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jed A Hartings
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Woitzik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nils Hecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Virta JJ, Satopää J, Luostarinen T, Kaprio J, Niemelä M, Korja M, Raj R. Temporal Changes in CSF Cell Parameters After SAH: Comparison of Ventricular and Spinal Drain Samples. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-01942-2. [PMID: 38356079 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-01942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forty percent of patients with aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) develop acute hydrocephalus requiring treatment with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. CSF cell parameters are used in the diagnosis of nosocomial infections but also reflect sterile inflammation after aSAH. We aimed to study the temporal changes in CSF parameters and compare external ventricular drain (EVD)-derived and lumbar spinal drain-derived samples. METHODS We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with aSAH treated at our neurointensive care unit between January 2014 and May 2019. We mapped the temporal changes in CSF leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, cell ratio, and cell index during the first 19 days after aSAH separately for EVD-derived and spinal drain-derived samples. We compared the sample sources using a linear mixed model, controlling for repeated sampling. RESULTS We included 1360 CSF samples from 197 patients in the analyses. In EVD-derived samples, the CSF leucocyte count peaked at days 4-5 after aSAH, reaching a median of 225 × 106 (interquartile range [IQR] 64-618 × 106). The cell ratio and index peaked at 8-9 days (0.90% [IQR 0.35-1.98%] and 2.71 [IQR 1.25-6.73], respectively). In spinal drain-derived samples, the leucocyte count peaked at days 6-7, reaching a median of 238 × 106 (IQR 60-396 × 106). The cell ratio and index peaked at 14-15 days (4.12% [IQR 0.63-10.61%]) and 12-13 days after aSAH (8.84 [IQR 3.73-18.84]), respectively. Compared to EVD-derived samples, the leucocyte count was significantly higher in spinal drain-derived samples at days 6-17, and the cell ratio as well as the cell index was significantly higher in spinal drain-derived samples compared to EVD samples at days 10-15. CONCLUSIONS CSF cell parameters undergo dynamic temporal changes after aSAH. CSF samples from different CSF compartments are not comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyri J Virta
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarno Satopää
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Luostarinen
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miikka Korja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahul Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Al Masri M, Corell A, Michaëlsson I, Jakola AS, Skoglund T. The glymphatic system for neurosurgeons: a scoping review. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:61. [PMID: 38253938 PMCID: PMC10803566 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of the glymphatic system has revolutionized our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and interstitial waste clearance in the brain. This scoping review aims to synthesize the current literature on the glymphatic system's role in neurosurgical conditions and its potential as a therapeutic target. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published between January 1, 2012, and October 31, 2023. Studies were selected based on their relevance to neurosurgical conditions and glymphatic function, with both animal and human studies included. Data extraction focused on the methods for quantifying glymphatic function and the main results. A total of 67 articles were included, covering conditions such as idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), stroke, intracranial tumors, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Significant glymphatic dysregulation was noted in iNPH and IIH, with evidence of impaired CSF dynamics and delayed clearance. SAH studies indicated glymphatic dysfunction with the potential therapeutic effects of nimodipine and tissue plasminogen activator. In stroke, alterations in glymphatic activity correlated with the extent of edema and neurological recovery. TBI studies highlighted the role of the glymphatic system in post-injury cognitive outcomes. Results indicate that the regulation of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels is a critical target for therapeutic intervention. The glymphatic system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of various neurosurgical conditions, influencing brain edema and CSF dynamics. Targeting the regulation of AQP4 channels presents as a significant therapeutic strategy. Although promising, the translation of these findings into clinical practice requires further human studies. Future research should focus on establishing non-invasive biomarkers for glymphatic function and exploring the long-term effects of glymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Masri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alba Corell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isak Michaëlsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir S Jakola
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Skoglund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Autio AH, Paavola J, Tervonen J, Lång M, Elomaa AP, Huuskonen TJ, Huttunen J, Kärkkäinen V, von Und Zu Fraunberg M, Lindgren AE, Koivisto T, Kurola J, Jääskeläinen JE, Kämäräinen OP. Acute evacuation of 54 intracerebral hematomas (aICH) during the microsurgical clipping of a ruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm-illustration of the individual clinical courses and outcomes with a serial brain CT/MRI panel until 12 months. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:17. [PMID: 38231317 PMCID: PMC10794262 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In aneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH), our review showed the lack of the patient's individual (i) timeline panels and (ii) serial brain CT/MRI slice panels through the aICH evacuation and neurointensive care until the final brain tissue outcome. METHODS Our retrospective cohort consists of 54 consecutive aICH patients from a defined population who acutely underwent the clipping of a middle cerebral artery bifurcation saccular aneurysm (Mbif sIA) with the aICH evacuation at Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) from 2010 to 2019. We constructed the patient's individual timeline panels since the emergency call and serial brain CT/MRI slice panels through the aICH evacuation and neurointensive care until the final brain tissue outcome. The patients were indicated by numbers (1.-54.) in the pseudonymized panels, tables, results, and discussion. RESULTS The aICH volumes on KUH admission (median 46 cm3) plotted against the time from the emergency call to the evacuation (median 8 hours) associated significantly with the rebleeds (n=25) and the deaths (n=12). The serial CT/MRI slice panels illustrated the aICHs, intraventricular hemorrhages (aIVHs), residuals after the aICH evacuations, perihematomal edema (PHE), delayed cerebral injury (DCI), and in the 42 survivors, the clinical outcome (mRS) and the brain tissue outcome. CONCLUSIONS Regarding aICH evacuations, serial brain CT/MRI panels present more information than words, figures, and graphs. Re-bleeds associated with larger aICH volumes and worse outcomes. Swift logistics until the sIA occlusion with aICH evacuation is required, also in duty hours and weekends. Intraoperative CT is needed to illustrate the degree of aICH evacuation. PHE may evoke uncontrollable intracranial pressure (ICP) in spite of the acute aICH volume reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina H Autio
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Juho Paavola
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joona Tervonen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maarit Lång
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Elomaa
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terhi J Huuskonen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kärkkäinen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti E Lindgren
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Koivisto
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Kurola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha E Jääskeläinen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Kämäräinen
- Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Terakado T, Ito Y, Hirata K, Sato M, Takigawa T, Marushima A, Hayakawa M, Tsuruta W, Kato N, Nakai Y, Suzuki K, Matsumaru Y, Ishikawa E. Efficacy and Safety of Lumbar Drainage before Endovascular Treatment for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2024; 18:29-36. [PMID: 38384393 PMCID: PMC10878735 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.oa.2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective Intraoperative rebleeding during endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms is associated with poor prognosis. Lumbar drainage is performed preoperatively to control intracranial pressure; however, it is associated with a risk of brain herniation or rebleeding because intracranial pressure may change rapidly. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of preoperative lumbar drainage. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 375 patients who underwent endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms at our institution between April 2013 and March 2018. The incidence of rebleeding and clinical outcomes were compared between patients who did and did not undergo preoperative lumbar drainage. Results Among the 375 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, 324 (86.0%) and 51 (14.0%) patients did and did not undergo lumbar drainage, respectively. The incidence of rebleeding was 11/324 (3.4%) and 2/51 (3.9%) in lumbar drainage and nonlumbar drainage groups, respectively, with no statistical differences (p = 0.98). Of the rebleeding cases, 9/11 (81%) and 2/2 (100%) in lumbar drainage and nonlumbar drainage groups, respectively, were due to intraoperative bleeding, and 2/11 (19%) in the lumbar drainage group, the causes of the rebleeding were undetermined. The incidence of symptomatic vasospasm did not differ significantly between the groups (13.2% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.776), while the incidence of hydrocephalus (24.6% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.043) and meningitis (15.2% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.075) were slightly higher in the lumbar drainage group. Favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score <2) at discharge were less frequent in the lumbar drainage group (55.3% vs. 70.0%, P = 0.051). No significant differences were observed in the propensity score-matched analysis. Conclusion Lumbar drainage before endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms is a safe procedure that does not increase the incidence of rebleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitsugu Terakado
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koyama Memorial Hospital, Kashima, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hirata
- Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoji Takigawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aiki Marushima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mikito Hayakawa
- Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wataro Tsuruta
- Department of Neuro-Endovascular Therapy, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Higashi-Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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23
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Yokota M, Okada T, Asaeda M, Iida T, Tanada S, Tuji S, Nigami T. Effect of Intrathecal Urokinase Infusion on Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e678-e684. [PMID: 37898263 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasospasm following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes serious neurological complications, despite surgical clipping of the aneurysm. Intrathecal urokinase (UK) infusion has been shown to effectively prevent symptomatic vasospasm in patients who have undergone endovascular obliteration of the ruptured aneurysms. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether intrathecal UK infusion can prevent symptomatic vasospasm in patients undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment. METHODS A total of 90 patients with severe aneurysmal SAH were enrolled and assigned to a surgical neck clipping (n = 56) or an endovascular coil embolization (n = 34) groups. After treatment, UK infusion from the lumbar drain was repeated in 32 patients in the surgical neck clipping group (group B) and all in the endovascular coil embolization group (group C) until complete resolution of the SAH was observed on computed tomography. The remaining 24 of the surgical neck clipping group, without UK infusion, were assigned to group A. RESULTS Symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 7 (29.2%) patients in group A, 2 (6.3%) in group B, and none in group C (group A vs. group B [P = 0.02]; group B vs. group C [P = 0.14]). Excellent clinical outcomes (modified Rankin score, 0 or 1) were observed in 37.5%, 59.4%, and 76.5% of patients in group A, B, and C, respectively (group A vs. group B [P = 0.11]). CONCLUSION Clearance of SAH via intrathecal UK infusion significantly reduced symptomatic vasospasm in patients in both UK groups, resulting in better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yokota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Takuya Okada
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Asaeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tanada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taishi Nigami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
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24
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Whittle C, Hollingworth MA, Dulhanty L, Patel HC. What are the predictors of delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage? An up-to-date systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3643-3650. [PMID: 37968365 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Delayed Cerebral Ischaemia (DCI) remains an important preventable driver of poor outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Our ability to predict DCI is based on historical patient cohorts, which use inconsistent definitions for DCI. In 2010, a definition of DCI was agreed upon and published by a group of aSAH experts. The aim of this study was to identify predictors using this agreed definition of DCI. METHODS We conducted a literature search of Medline (PubMed) to identify articles published since the publication of the 2010 consensus definition. Risk factors and prediction models for DCI were included if they: (1) adjusted for confounding factors or were derived from randomised trials, (2) were derived from prospectively collected data and (3) included adults with aSAH. The strength of studies was assessed based on quality, risk of bias and applicability of studies using PROBAST. RESULTS Eight studies totalling 4,542 patients were included from 105 relevant articles from 4,982 records. The most common reason for not including studies was failure to use the consensus definition of DCI (75%). No prediction models were identified in the eligible studies. Significant risk factors for DCI included the presence of onsite neuro-interventional services, high Neuropeptide Y, admission leucocytosis, neutrophil:lymphocyte >5.9 and Fisher Grade > 2. All studies had a high or unclear risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Only a few studies with high risk of bias have investigated the predictors using consensus-defined DCI. Further studies are warranted to clarify risk factors of DCI in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caed Whittle
- University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Milo A Hollingworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise Dulhanty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Hiren C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
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25
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Parasram M, Park J, Al-Dulaimi MW, Magid-Bernstein JR. Guidelines in Action: Management of Acute and Chronic Hydrocephalus Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2023; 54:e508-e511. [PMID: 37842781 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Parasram
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jaehan Park
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mohammed W Al-Dulaimi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jessica R Magid-Bernstein
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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26
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Vandenbulcke A, Messerer M, Daniel RT, Cossu G. The Role of Cisternostomy and Cisternal Drainage in the Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1580. [PMID: 38002540 PMCID: PMC10670052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) provokes a cascade reaction that is responsible for early and delayed brain injuries mediated by intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, cerebral vasospasm (CV), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), which result in increased morbidity and mortality. During open microsurgical repair, cisternal access is achieved essentially to gain proximal vascular control and aneurysm exposition. Cisternostomy also allows brain relaxation, removal of cisternal clots, and restoration of the CSF dynamics through the communication between the anterior and posterior circulation cisterns and the ventricular system, with the opening of the Membrane of Liliequist and lamina terminalis, respectively. Continuous postoperative CSF drainage through a cisternal drain (CD) is a valuable option for treating acute hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension. Moreover, it efficiently removes the blood and toxic degradation products, with a potential benefit on CV, DCI, and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Finally, the CD is an effective pathway to administer vasoactive, fibrinolytic, and anti-oxidant agents and shows promising results in decreasing CV and DCI rates while minimizing systemic effects. We performed a comprehensive review to establish the adjuvant role of cisternostomy and CD performed in cases of direct surgical repair for ruptured intracranial aneurysms and their role in the prevention and treatment of aSAH complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Spears WE, Greer DM, Nguyen TN. Comment on the 2023 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2023; 54:2708-2712. [PMID: 37581267 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage can be a devastating disease, with an in-hospital mortality rate of up to 20%. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association 2023 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Guidelines provide a comprehensive update to the 2012 Guidelines based on a systematic review of the intervening evidence. The guidelines are broad in scope, covering prehospital care, aneurysm treatment modality, medical complications, detection and treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia, and recovery. Here, we comment on salient aspects of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage care, compare these guidelines with the 2023 Neurocritical Care aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage guidelines, and review relevant updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Spears
- Department of Neurology (W.E.S., D.M.G., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology (W.E.S., D.M.G., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology (W.E.S., D.M.G., T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA
- Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA
- Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA
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28
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Jha RM, Sheth KN. 2023 Neurocritical Care Updates in Cerebrovascular Disease. Stroke 2023; 54:2671-2675. [PMID: 37747966 PMCID: PMC10593151 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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29
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Hällqvist J, Pinto RC, Heywood WE, Cordey J, Foulkes AJM, Slattery CF, Leckey CA, Murphy EC, Zetterberg H, Schott JM, Mills K, Paterson RW. A Multiplexed Urinary Biomarker Panel Has Potential for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Using Targeted Proteomics and Machine Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13758. [PMID: 37762058 PMCID: PMC10531486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As disease-modifying therapies are now available for Alzheimer's disease (AD), accessible, accurate and affordable biomarkers to support diagnosis are urgently needed. We sought to develop a mass spectrometry-based urine test as a high-throughput screening tool for diagnosing AD. We collected urine from a discovery cohort (n = 11) of well-characterised individuals with AD (n = 6) and their asymptomatic, CSF biomarker-negative study partners (n = 5) and used untargeted proteomics for biomarker discovery. Protein biomarkers identified were taken forward to develop a high-throughput, multiplexed and targeted proteomic assay which was tested on an independent cohort (n = 21). The panel of proteins identified are known to be involved in AD pathogenesis. In comparing AD and controls, a panel of proteins including MIEN1, TNFB, VCAM1, REG1B and ABCA7 had a classification accuracy of 86%. These proteins have been previously implicated in AD pathogenesis. This suggests that urine-targeted mass spectrometry has potential utility as a diagnostic screening tool in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hällqvist
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Rui C. Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Jonjo Cordey
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.H.); (K.M.)
| | | | | | - Claire A. Leckey
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.H.); (K.M.)
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eimear C. Murphy
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Schott
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Ross W. Paterson
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford DA2 8DA, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
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Error in Figure 2. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:873. [PMID: 37578477 PMCID: PMC10425821 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
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