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Iftode C, Iurciuc S, Marcovici I, Macasoi I, Coricovac D, Dehelean C, Ursoniu S, Rusu A, Ardelean S. Genistein-Aspirin Combination Exerts Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:606. [PMID: 38792627 PMCID: PMC11122532 DOI: 10.3390/life14050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous pathology with high incidence and mortality rates globally, but it is also preventable so finding the most promising candidates (natural compounds or repurposed drugs) to be chemopreventive alternatives has become a topic of interest in recent years. The present work aims to elucidate the potential effects of a combination between genistein (GEN), an isoflavone of natural origin, and aspirin (ASA) in CRC prevention/treatment by performing an in vitro evaluation in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and an in ovo analysis using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Cell viability was verified by an MTT (migratory potential by scratch) assay, and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of ASA (2.5 mM) + GEN (10-75 µM) combination characterized by reduced cell viability and morphological changes (actin skeleton reorganization and nuclei deterioration), an inhibition of HCT-116 cells' migratory potential by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions, and an antiangiogenic effect by modifying the vascular network. These promising results raise the possibility of future in-depth investigations regarding the chemopreventive/therapeutical potential of ASA+GEN combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iftode
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
| | - Stela Iurciuc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (I.M.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.I.); (S.U.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Rusu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Bvd 94, 310130 Arad, Romania; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Simona Ardelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Revolutiei Bvd 94, 310130 Arad, Romania; (A.R.); (S.A.)
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Su MC, Lee AM, Zhang W, Maeser D, Gruener RF, Deng Y, Huang RS. Computational Modeling to Identify Drugs Targeting Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Characterized by Heightened Glycolysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:569. [PMID: 38794139 PMCID: PMC11124089 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a deadly disease due to a lack of efficacious treatments. The reprogramming of cancer metabolism toward elevated glycolysis is a hallmark of mCRPC. Our goal is to identify therapeutics specifically associated with high glycolysis. Here, we established a computational framework to identify new pharmacological agents for mCRPC with heightened glycolysis activity under a tumor microenvironment, followed by in vitro validation. First, using our established computational tool, OncoPredict, we imputed the likelihood of drug responses to approximately 1900 agents in each mCRPC tumor from two large clinical patient cohorts. We selected drugs with predicted sensitivity highly correlated with glycolysis scores. In total, 77 drugs predicted to be more sensitive in high glycolysis mCRPC tumors were identified. These drugs represent diverse mechanisms of action. Three of the candidates, ivermectin, CNF2024, and P276-00, were selected for subsequent vitro validation based on the highest measured drug responses associated with glycolysis/OXPHOS in pan-cancer cell lines. By decreasing the input glucose level in culture media to mimic the mCRPC tumor microenvironments, we induced a high-glycolysis condition in PC3 cells and validated the projected higher sensitivity of all three drugs under this condition (p < 0.0001 for all drugs). For biomarker discovery, ivermectin and P276-00 were predicted to be more sensitive to mCRPC tumors with low androgen receptor activities and high glycolysis activities (AR(low)Gly(high)). In addition, we integrated a protein-protein interaction network and topological methods to identify biomarkers for these drug candidates. EEF1B2 and CCNA2 were identified as key biomarkers for ivermectin and CNF2024, respectively, through multiple independent biomarker nomination pipelines. In conclusion, this study offers new efficacious therapeutics beyond traditional androgen-deprivation therapies by precisely targeting mCRPC with high glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Su
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Adam M. Lee
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (W.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Danielle Maeser
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (W.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Robert F. Gruener
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - R. Stephanie Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.-C.S.); (A.M.L.); (R.F.G.)
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (W.Z.); (D.M.)
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Skriver C, Maltesen T, Dehlendorff C, Skovlund CW, Schmidt M, Sørensen HT, Friis S. Long-term aspirin use and cancer risk: a 20-year cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:530-538. [PMID: 37966913 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of aspirin has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer risk, but the association remains inconclusive for individual noncolorectal cancers. We examined the association between long-term aspirin use and cancer risk in Denmark. METHODS Using nationwide registries, we followed individuals aged 40-70 years at baseline (January 1, 1997) for cancer diagnoses through 2018. We assessed low-dose (75-150 mg) aspirin use according to continuity, duration, and cumulative amount. In addition, we explored associations with consistent high-dose (500 mg) aspirin use. Using Cox regression, we estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with aspirin use for overall and site-specific cancer. RESULTS Among 1 909 531 individuals, 422 778 were diagnosed with cancer during mean follow-up of 18.2 years. Low-dose aspirin use did not reduce the hazard ratio for cancer overall irrespective of continuity and duration of use (continuous use: HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.06). However, long-term (≥5 or ≥10 years) use was associated with at least 10% reductions in hazard ratios for several cancer sites: colon, rectum, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, head and neck, brain tumors, meningioma, melanoma, thyroid, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia. Substantially elevated hazard ratios were found for lung and bladder cancer. In secondary analyses, consistent high-dose aspirin use was associated with reduced hazard ratios for cancer overall (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85 to 0.93) and for several cancer sites. CONCLUSION Long-term low-dose aspirin use was associated with slight to moderately reduced risks for several cancers but not for cancer overall owing to increased risk for some common cancers. Similar or slightly stronger inverse associations were observed for consistent use of high-dose aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Maltesen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Friis
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nafisi S, Støer NC, Veierød MB, Randel KR, Hoff G, Löfling L, Bosetti C, Botteri E. Low-Dose Aspirin and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Evidence From a Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort in Norway. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:00000434-990000000-01008. [PMID: 38300127 PMCID: PMC11208058 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine the association between low-dose aspirin use and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS In this nationwide cohort study, we identified individuals aged 50 years or older residing for 6 months or more in Norway in 2004-2018 and obtained data from national registers on drug prescriptions, cancer occurrence, and sociodemographic factors. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between low-dose aspirin use and CRC risk. In addition, we calculated the number of CRC potentially averted by low-dose aspirin use. RESULTS We included 2,186,390 individuals. During the median follow-up of 10.9 years, 579,196 (26.5%) used low-dose aspirin, and 38,577 (1.8%) were diagnosed with CRC. Current use of aspirin vs never use was associated with lower CRC risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-0.90). The association was more pronounced for metastatic CRC (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.74-0.84) than regionally advanced (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.85-0.92) and localized CRC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-1.00; P heterogeneity = 0.001). A significant trend was found between duration of current use and CRC risk: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.86-0.95) for <3 years, HR 0.85 (0.80-0.91) for ≥3 and <5 years, and HR 0.84 (0.80-0.88) for ≥5 years of use vs never use ( P trend < 0.001). For past use, HR were 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.94) for <3 years, 0.90 (0.83-0.99) for ≥3 and <5 years, and 0.98 (0.91-1.06) for ≥5 years since last use vs never use ( P -trend < 0.001). We estimated that aspirin use averted 1,073 cases of CRC (95% CI 818-1,338) in the study period. DISCUSSION In this nationwide cohort, use of low-dose aspirin was associated with a lower risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nafisi
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie C. Støer
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B. Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R. Randel
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Hoff
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lukas Löfling
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Jou E, Chaudhury N, Nasim F. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cell immunosuppressive mechanisms for cancer treatment. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:187-207. [PMID: 38464388 PMCID: PMC10918238 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death globally superseded only by cardiovascular diseases, and novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance against existing cancer treatments are urgently required. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive capacity against well-established anti-tumour effectors such as natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cells thereby promoting cancer initiation and progression. Critically, MDSCs are readily identified in almost all tumour types and human cancer patients, and numerous studies in the past decade have recognised their role in contributing to therapeutic resistance against all four pillars of modern cancer treatment, namely surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. MDSCs suppress anti-tumour immunity through a plethora of mechanisms including the well-characterised arginase 1 (Arg1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways, along with several other more recently discovered. MDSCs are largely absent in healthy homeostatic states and predominantly exist in pathological conditions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, the lack of specific markers identified for MDSCs to date greatly hindered therapeutic development, and currently there are no clinically approved drugs that specifically target MDSCs. Methods to deplete MDSCs clinically and inhibit their immunosuppressive function will be crucial in advancing cancer treatment and to overcome treatment resistance. This review provides a detailed overview of the current understandings behind the mechanisms of MDSC-mediated suppression of anti-tumour immunity, and discusses potential strategies to target MDSC immunosuppressive mechanisms to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, OX2 6PN Oxford, UK
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, UK
| | - Natasha Chaudhury
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, UK
| | - Fizza Nasim
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, UK
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Dai R, Kelly BN, Ike A, Berger D, Chan A, Drew DA, Ljungman D, Mutiibwa D, Ricciardi R, Tumusiime G, Cusack JC. The Impact of the Gut Microbiome, Environment, and Diet in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:676. [PMID: 38339427 PMCID: PMC10854951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally considered a disease common in the older population, colorectal cancer is increasing in incidence among younger demographics. Evidence suggests that populational- and generational-level shifts in the composition of the human gut microbiome may be tied to the recent trends in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview of current research and putative mechanisms behind the rising incidence of colorectal cancer in the younger population, with insight into future interventions that may prevent or reverse the rate of early-onset colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Bridget N. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - Amarachi Ike
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - David Berger
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - Andrew Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A. Drew
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Ljungman
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - David Mutiibwa
- Department of Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, Uganda;
| | - Rocco Ricciardi
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - Gerald Tumusiime
- School of Medicine, Uganda Christian University, Mukono P.O. Box 4, Uganda;
| | - James C. Cusack
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
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Barber LE, Bertrand KA, Sheehy S, White LF, Roy HK, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Petrick JL. Aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and occurrence of colorectal adenoma in Black American women. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1978-1987. [PMID: 37555819 PMCID: PMC10927007 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that aspirin use reduces the occurrence of colorectal neoplasia. Few studies have investigated the association among Black Americans, who are disproportionately burdened by the disease. We assessed aspirin use in relation to colorectal adenoma among Black women. The Black Women's Health Study is a prospective cohort of self-identified Black American women established in 1995. Participants reported regular aspirin use on baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Beginning in 1999, participants reported undergoing a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, the only procedures through which colorectal adenomas can be diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between aspirin use and colorectal adenoma among 34 397 women who reported at least 1 colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. From 1997 through 2018, 1913 women were diagnosed with an adenoma. Compared to nonaspirin users, regular users had 14% (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.95) lower odds of adenoma. The odds of adenoma decreased with increasing duration of aspirin use (≥10 years: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.96). Initiating aspirin at a younger age was associated with a reduced adenoma occurrence (age < 40 years at initiation: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). Regular aspirin use was associated with a decreased odds of colorectal adenoma in our study of Black women. These findings support evidence demonstrating a chemopreventive impact of aspirin on colorectal neoplasia and suggest that aspirin may be a useful prevention strategy among US Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Shanshan Sheehy
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura F White
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Goswami S, Zhang Q, Celik CE, Reich EM, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary fat and lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188984. [PMID: 37722512 PMCID: PMC10937091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been considered a core hallmark of cancer, in which excessive accumulation of lipids promote cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Lipid metabolism often includes the digestion and absorption of dietary fat, and the ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Among multiple cancer risk factors, obesity has a positive association with multiple cancer types, while diets like calorie restriction and fasting improve health and delay cancer. Impact of these diets on tumorigenesis or cancer prevention are generally studied on cancer cells, despite heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells regularly interact with these heterogeneous microenvironmental components, including immune and stromal cells, to promote cancer progression and metastasis, and there is an intricate metabolic crosstalk between these compartments. Here, we focus on discussing fat metabolism and response to dietary fat in the tumor microenvironment, focusing on both immune and stromal components and shedding light on therapeutic strategies surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Goswami
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cigdem Elif Celik
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Hacettepe Univ, Canc Inst, Department Basic Oncol, Ankara TR-06100, Turkiye
| | - Ethan M Reich
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Pantalone MR, Almazan NM, Lattanzio R, Taher C, De Fabritiis S, Valentinuzzi S, Bishehsari F, Mahdavinia M, Verginelli F, Rahbar A, Mariani-Costantini R, Söderberg-Naucler C. Human cytomegalovirus infection enhances 5‑lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase‑2 expression in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:116. [PMID: 37654195 PMCID: PMC10546380 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal types of cancer. Inflammation promotes CRC development, however, the underlying etiological factors are unknown. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a virus that induces inflammation and other cancer hallmarks, has been detected in several types of malignancy, including CRC. The present study investigated whether HCMV infection was associated with expression of the pro‑inflammatory enzymes 5‑lipoxygenase (5‑LO) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) and other molecular, genetic and clinicopathological CRC features. The present study assessed 146 individual paraffin‑embedded CRC tissue microarray (TMA) cores already characterized for TP53 and KRAS mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, Ki‑67 index and EGFR by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The cores were further analyzed by IHC for the expression of two HCMV proteins (Immediate Early, IE and pp65) and the inflammatory markers 5‑LO and COX‑2. The CRC cell lines Caco‑2 and LS‑174T were infected with HCMV strain VR1814, treated with antiviral drug ganciclovir (GCV) and/or anti‑inflammatory drug celecoxib (CCX) and analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence for 5‑LO, COX‑2, IE and pp65 transcripts and proteins. HCMV IE and pp65 proteins were detected in ~90% of the CRC cases tested; this was correlated with COX‑2, 5‑LO and KI‑67 expression, but not with EGFR immunostaining, TP53 and KRAS mutations or MSI status. In vitro, HCMV infection upregulated 5‑LO and COX‑2 transcript and proteins in both Caco‑2 and LS‑174T cells and enhanced cell proliferation as determined by MTT assay. Treatment with GCV and CCX significantly decreased the transcript levels of COX‑2, 5‑LO, HCMV IE and pp65 in infected cells. HCMV was widely expressed in CRC and may promote inflammation and serve as a potential new target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Russel Pantalone
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nerea Martin Almazan
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Chato Taher
- Department of Basic Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Simone De Fabritiis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Mahdavinia
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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10
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Karampitsakos T, Sotiropoulou V, Katsaras M, Tzouvelekis A. Improvement of psoriatic skin lesions following pirfenidone use in patients with fibrotic lung disease. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e252591. [PMID: 37758659 PMCID: PMC10537981 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the skin, characterised by uncontrolled proliferation and dysfunctional differentiation of keratinocytes. In our case series, pirfenidone was administered for the management of fibrotic lung disease and, serendipitously, we noticed remission of coexisting cutaneous psoriatic lesions few months after treatment initiation. Pirfenidone's antifibrotic and immunomodulatory properties have been well studied; yet, not fully elucidated. In line with this, pirfenidone may exert pleiotropic therapeutic effects in other immune-mediated diseases such as psoriasis, while, at the same time, spare immunosuppression-related side effects of current antipsoriatic drugs. Pirfenidone-mediated enhanced absorption of ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B by skin keratinocytes might represent a potential mechanism. The possible role of pirfenidone as an antipsoriatic drug requires large-scale and long-term study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthaios Katsaras
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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11
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Abstract
Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the microorganisms that colonize the human body, can shift the metabolism, growth pattern and function of neoplastic cells and shape the tumour microenvironment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer by the scientific community. However, only a few microorganisms have been identified that directly initiate tumorigenesis or skew the immune system to generate a tumour-permissive milieu. Over the past two decades, research on the human microbiome and its functionalities within and across individuals has revealed microbiota-focused strategies for health and disease. Here, we review the evolving understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota acts in cancer initiation, promotion and progression. We explore the roles of bacteria in gastrointestinal tract malignancies and cancers of the lung, breast and prostate. Finally, we discuss the promises and limitations of targeting or harnessing bacteria in personalized cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniver El Tekle
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Hoskin AJ, Holt AK, Legge DN, Collard TJ, Williams AC, Vincent EE. Aspirin and the metabolic hallmark of cancer: novel therapeutic opportunities for colorectal cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:600-615. [PMID: 37720350 PMCID: PMC10501897 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has a recognized role in cancer prevention as well as evidence to support its use as an adjuvant for cancer treatment. Importantly there has been an increasing number of studies contributing to the mechanistic understanding of aspirins' anti-tumour effects and these studies continue to inform the potential clinical use of aspirin for both the prevention and treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the emerging role of aspirin as a regulator of metabolic reprogramming, an essential "hallmark of cancer" required to support the increased demand for biosynthetic intermediates needed for sustained proliferation. Cancer cells frequently undergo metabolic rewiring driven by oncogenic pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), wingless-related integration site (Wnt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which supports the increased proliferative rate as tumours develop and progress. Reviewed here, cellular metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a key mechanism of action of aspirin and include the regulation of key metabolic drivers, the regulation of enzymes involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis, and altered nutrient utilisation upon aspirin exposure. Importantly, as aspirin treatment exposes metabolic vulnerabilities in tumour cells, there is an opportunity for the use of aspirin in combination with specific metabolic inhibitors in particular, glutaminase (GLS) inhibitors currently in clinical trials such as telaglenastat (CB-839) and IACS-6274 for the treatment of colorectal and potentially other cancers. The increasing evidence that aspirin impacts metabolism in cancer cells suggests that aspirin could provide a simple, relatively safe, and cost-effective way to target this important hallmark of cancer. Excitingly, this review highlights a potential new role for aspirin in improving the efficacy of a new generation of metabolic inhibitors currently undergoing clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J. Hoskin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Amy K. Holt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Danny N. Legge
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK
| | - Tracey J. Collard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Ann C. Williams
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
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13
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Zhang R, Boakye D, Yang N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Jiang F, Yu L, Wang L, Sun J, Yuan S, Chen J, Hamilton AC, Coleman HG, Larsson SC, Little J, Dunlop MG, Giovannucci EL, Theodoratou E, Li X. Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1048-1060. [PMID: 37220872 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To systematically appraise and synthesize available epidemiologic evidence on the associations of environmental and genetic factors with the risk of sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) and early-onset advanced colorectal adenoma (EOCRA). METHODS Multiple databases were comprehensively searched to identify eligible observational studies. Genotype data from UK Biobank were incorporated to examine their associations with EOCRC in a nested case-control design. Meta-analyses of environmental risk factors were performed, and the strength of evidence was graded based on predefined criteria. Meta-analyses of genetic associations were conducted using the allelic, recessive, and dominant models, respectively. RESULTS A total of 61 studies were included, reporting 120 environmental factors and 62 genetic variants. We found 12 risk factors (current overweight, overweight in adolescence, high waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, sugary beverages intake, sedentary behavior, red meat intake, family history of colorectal cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome) and three protective factors (vitamin D, folate, and calcium intake) for EOCRC or EOCRA. No significant associations between the examined genetic variants and EOCRC risk were observed. CONCLUSIONS Recent data indicate that the changing patterns of traditional colorectal cancer risk factors may explain the rising incidence of EOCRC. However, research on novel risk factors for EOCRC is limited; therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility of EOCRC having different risk factors than late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC). IMPACT The potential for the identified risk factors to enhance the identification of at-risk groups for personalized EOCRC screening and prevention and for the prediction of EOCRC risk should be comprehensively addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Zhang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Boakye
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Jiang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ashleigh C Hamilton
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Florensa D, Mateo J, Solsona F, Galván L, Mesas M, Piñol R, Espinosa-Leal L, Godoy P. Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for cancer prevention considering risk factors: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 84:60-66. [PMID: 37302674 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has been reported to protect against certain cancers. However, patient-related risk factors may moderate protective effects, including excess weight, smoking, risky alcohol use, and diabetes. We explore the cancer-risk relationship between aspirin intake and those four factors. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of cancers, aspirin intake, and four risk factors in persons aged ≥50 years. Participants received medication during 2007-2016, and cancers were diagnosed in 2012-2016. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for aspirin intake and risk factors using Cox proportional hazard modeling. RESULTS Of 118,548 participants, 15,793 consumed aspirin, and 4003 had cancer. Results indicated a significant protective effect of aspirin against colorectal (aHR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.6-0.8), pancreatic (aHR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2-0.9), prostate (aHR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5-0.7) cancers and lymphomas (aHR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2-0.9), and also, although not significantly, against esophageal (aHR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2-1.8), stomach (aHR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.4-1.3), liver (aHR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.3-1.5), breast (aHR: 0.8; 95%CI: 0.6-1.0), and lung and bronchial (aHR: 0.9; 95%CI: 0.7-1.2) cancers. Aspirin intake was not significantly protective against leukemia (aHR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.7-1.4) or bladder cancer (aHR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.8-1.3). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that aspirin intake is associated with a reduced incidence of colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Florensa
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Design, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Population Cancer Registry in Lleida, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lleida, Spain; Field Epidemiology Unit, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mateo
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Design, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francesc Solsona
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Design, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Mesas
- Computer Department, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ramon Piñol
- Catalan Health Service, Department of Health, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Pere Godoy
- Population Cancer Registry in Lleida, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lleida, Spain; Field Epidemiology Unit, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Nafisi S, Randel KR, Støer NC, Veierød MB, Hoff G, Holme Ø, Schult AL, Botteri E. Association between use of low-dose aspirin and detection of colorectal polyps and cancer in a screening setting. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1126-1132. [PMID: 36754644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible protective effect of aspirin on risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still highly debated. METHODS We used data from Bowel Cancer Screening in Norway, a trial randomizing individuals from general population, aged 50-74 years, to flexible sigmoidoscopy or faecal immunochemical test (FIT), to study the association between aspirin use and detection of CRC and two CRC precursors: adenomas and advanced serrated lesions (ASL). Prescriptions of low-dose aspirin were obtained from Norwegian prescription database. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among 64,889 screening participants (24,159 sigmoidoscopy, 40,730 FIT), 314 (0.5%) had CRC, 6,208 (9.6%) adenoma and 659 (1.0%) ASL. Overall and short-term use (<3 years) of low-dose aspirin, versus no use, were not associated with any colorectal lesion. Long-term use (≥3 years) was associated with lower detection of CRC (overall OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.46-0.93; sigmoidoscopy: 0.56, 0.33-0.97; FIT: 0.72, 0.45-1.15), adenomas in sigmoidoscopy arm (overall OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.87-1.03; sigmoidoscopy: 0.89, 0.80-0.99; FIT: 1.03, 0.89-1.18), but not ASLs. We did not observe significant differences in the effect of aspirin according to the location of colorectal lesions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that long-term use of aspirin might have a protective effect against adenomas and colorectal cancer, but not ASLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nafisi
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R Randel
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie C Støer
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Research Centre for Women's Health, Women's Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Hoff
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Holme
- Department of Medicine, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna L Schult
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust Bærum, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Lei J, Zhou Z, Fang J, Sun Z, He M, He B, Chen Q, Paek C, Chen P, Zhou J, Wang H, Tang M, Yin L, Chen Y. Aspirin induces immunogenic cell death and enhances cancer immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110350. [PMID: 37290325 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of aspirin is associated with reduced incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we reported that colon cancer cells treated with aspirin showed the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), including surface expression of calreticulin (CRT) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Mechanistically, aspirin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in colon cancer cells. In addition, aspirin decreased the expression of the glucose transporters, GLUT3, and reduced the key enzyme of glycolysis, including HK2, PFKM, PKM2 and LDHA. The changes of tumor glycolysis after aspirin treatment were associated with c-MYC downregulation. Moreover, aspirin potentiated the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-CTLA-4 antibody in CT26 tumors. However, this antitumor activity of aspirin in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody was abolished by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. Vaccination with tumor antigens is one of the strategies for activating T-cell response against tumors. Here, we demonstrated that aspirin-treated tumor cells in combination with tumor antigens (AH1 peptide) or protective substituted peptide (A5 peptide) could be served as a potent vaccine to eradicate tumors. Overall, our data indicated that aspirin can be used as an inducer of ICD for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Jialing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Zaiqiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Mengting He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Boxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Chonil Paek
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
| | - Yongshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
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17
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Hicks B, Kaye JA, Azoulay L, Kristensen KB, Habel LA, Pottegård A. The Application of Lag Times in Cancer Pharmacoepidemiology: A Narrative Review. Ann Epidemiol 2023:S1047-2797(23)00090-X. [PMID: 37169040 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing utilization of medications worldwide, coupled with the increasing availability of long-term data, there is a growing opportunity and need for robust studies evaluating drug-cancer associations. One methodology of importance in such studies is the application of lag times. In this review, we discuss the main reasons for using lag times. Namely, we discuss the typically long latency period of cancer concerning both tumor promoter and initiator effects and outline why cancer latency is a key consideration when choosing a lag time. We also discuss how the use of lag times can help reduce protopathic and detection bias. Finally, we present practical advice for implementing lag periods. In general, we recommend that researchers consider the information that generated the hypothesis as well as clinical and biological knowledge to inform lag period selection. In addition, given that latency periods are usually unknown, we also advocate that researchers examine multiple lag periods in sensitivity analyses as well as duration analyses and flexible modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blánaid Hicks
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
| | - James A Kaye
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Kasper Bruun Kristensen
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Clinical Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
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18
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Weeden CE, Hill W, Lim EL, Grönroos E, Swanton C. Impact of risk factors on early cancer evolution. Cell 2023; 186:1541-1563. [PMID: 37059064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent identification of oncogenic cells within healthy tissues and the prevalence of indolent cancers found incidentally at autopsies reveal a greater complexity in tumor initiation than previously appreciated. The human body contains roughly 40 trillion cells of 200 different types that are organized within a complex three-dimensional matrix, necessitating exquisite mechanisms to restrain aberrant outgrowth of malignant cells that have the capacity to kill the host. Understanding how this defense is overcome to trigger tumorigenesis and why cancer is so extraordinarily rare at the cellular level is vital to future prevention therapies. In this review, we discuss how early initiated cells are protected from further tumorigenesis and the non-mutagenic pathways by which cancer risk factors promote tumor growth. By nature, the absence of permanent genomic alterations potentially renders these tumor-promoting mechanisms clinically targetable. Finally, we consider existing strategies for early cancer interception with perspectives on the next steps for molecular cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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19
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Kastrinos F, Kupfer SS, Gupta S. Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment and Precision Approaches to Screening: Brave New World or Worlds Apart? Gastroenterology 2023; 164:812-827. [PMID: 36841490 PMCID: PMC10370261 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Current colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations take a "one-size-fits-all" approach using age as the major criterion to initiate screening. Precision screening that incorporates factors beyond age to risk stratify individuals could improve on current approaches and optimally use available resources with benefits for patients, providers, and health care systems. Prediction models could identify high-risk groups who would benefit from more intensive screening, while low-risk groups could be recommended less intensive screening incorporating noninvasive screening modalities. In addition to age, prediction models incorporate well-established risk factors such as genetics (eg, family CRC history, germline, and polygenic risk scores), lifestyle (eg, smoking, alcohol, diet, and physical inactivity), sex, and race and ethnicity among others. Although several risk prediction models have been validated, few have been systematically studied for risk-adapted population CRC screening. In order to envisage clinical implementation of precision screening in the future, it will be critical to develop reliable and accurate prediction models that apply to all individuals in a population; prospectively study risk-adapted CRC screening on the population level; garner acceptance from patients and providers; and assess feasibility, resources, cost, and cost-effectiveness of these new paradigms. This review evaluates the current state of risk prediction modeling and provides a roadmap for future implementation of precision CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Kastrinos
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center and Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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20
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Florensa D, Mateo J, Solsona F, Galván L, Mesas M, Piñol R, Espinosa-Leal L, Godoy P. Acetylsalicylic Acid Effect in Colorectal Cancer Taking into Account the Role of Tobacco, Alcohol and Excess Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20054104. [PMID: 36901115 PMCID: PMC10001481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excess weight, smoking and risky drinking are preventable risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, several studies have reported a protective association between aspirin and the risk of CRC. This article looks deeper into the relationships between risk factors and aspirin use with the risk of developing CRC. We performed a retrospective cohort study of CRC risk factors and aspirin use in persons aged >50 years in Lleida province. The participants were inhabitants with some medication prescribed between 2007 and 2016 that were linked to the Population-Based Cancer Registry to detect CRC diagnosed between 2012 and 2016. Risk factors and aspirin use were studied using the adjusted HR (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Cox proportional hazard model. We included 154,715 inhabitants of Lleida (Spain) aged >50 years. Of patients with CRC, 62% were male (HR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.6-2.2), 39.5% were overweight (HR = 2.8; 95% CI: 2.3-3.4) and 47.3% were obese (HR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.6-3.6). Cox regression showed an association between aspirin and CRC (aHR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.8), confirming a protective effect against CRC and an association between the risk of CRC and excess weight (aHR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7), smoking (aHR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.7) and risky drinking (aHR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0). Our results show that aspirin use decreased the risk of CRC and corroborate the relationship between overweight, smoking and risky drinking and the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Florensa
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Design, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, 25001 Lleida, Spain
- Population Cancer Registry in Lleida, Santa Maria University Hospital, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 44, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Mateo
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Design, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Francesc Solsona
- Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Design, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Leonardo Galván
- Pharmacy Unit, Catalan Health Service, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 2, 25006 Lleida, Spain
| | - Miquel Mesas
- SAP-Argos Department, Santa Maria University Hospital, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 44, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ramon Piñol
- Catalan Health Service, Department of Health, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 2, 25006 Lleida, Spain
| | - Leonardo Espinosa-Leal
- Graduate School and Research, Arcada University of Applied Science, Jan-Magnus Janssonin Aukio 1, 00550 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pere Godoy
- Population Cancer Registry in Lleida, Santa Maria University Hospital, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 44, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Li L, Zhang Y, Qin L. Effect of celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy on cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13973. [PMID: 36807298 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is closely related to cancer prognosis. The effect of celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the prognosis of patients with cancer remains uncertain. To assess the association between celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy and cancer prognosis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception until July 2022 for randomized controlled trials reporting the prognosis of patients with cancer treated with celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software version 5.4. The following search terms were used in the databases: ((((celecoxib)) AND ((((((((cancer) OR (carcinoma)) OR (sarcoma)) OR (neoplasms)) OR (tumor)) OR (tumour)) OR (tumors)) OR (tumours))) AND ((survival) OR (mortality))) AND (((Clinical Trials, Randomized) OR (Trials, Randomized Clinical)) OR (Controlled Clinical Trials, Randomized)). RESULTS Overall, 13 randomized controlled trials, including 8957 patients with cancer, were included in the analysis. Compared to conventional chemotherapy alone, 1-year OS and 1-year PFS rates were not significantly improved with celecoxib adjuvant therapy (OS: p = .38; PFS: p = .65). In addition, no differences were observed between the celecoxib and placebo groups in 3-year overall (p = .98), 3-year progression-free (p = .40), 5-year overall (p = .59), or 5-year progression-free (p = .56) survival rates. An increase in the risk ratio of leukopenia (p = .02) and thrombocytopenia (p = .05) was also observed, suggesting that celecoxib promotes hematologic toxicity. No increased risk of cardiovascular (p = .96) and gastrointestinal (p = .10-.91) events was observed. CONCLUSIONS The addition of celecoxib to standard chemotherapy did not improve OS or PFS rates of patients with cancer. Additionally, celecoxib can increase hematologic toxicity without increasing the risk of gastrointestinal or cardiovascular reactions. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to clarify its effects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Newman P, Muscat J. Potential Role of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Umbrella Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041102. [PMID: 36831446 PMCID: PMC9954537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a category of autoimmune diseases that targets the destruction of the gastrointestinal system and includes both Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Patients with IBD are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) throughout their lives due to chronically increased inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are potential chemopreventative agents that can inhibit the development of CRC in persons without IBD. However, the use of NSAIDs for CRC chemoprevention in IBD patients is further complicated by NSAIDs' induction of damage to the bowel mucosal layer and ulcer formation. There has been a push in new research on chemopreventative properties of certain NSAIDs for IBD. The purpose of this umbrella review is to investigate the potential of low-dose NSAID compounds as chemopreventative agents for patients with IBD. This paper will also suggest future areas of research in the prevention of CRC for patients with IBD.
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23
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Tan Y, Kang J, Li H, Zhong A, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Huang R, Cheng X, Peng W. Diabetes mellitus induces a novel inflammatory network involving cancer progression: Insights from bioinformatic analysis and in vitro validation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149810. [PMID: 37033970 PMCID: PMC10076825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher incidence of malignant tumors than people without diabetes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Methods To investigate the link between DM and cancer, we screened publicly available databases for diabetes and cancer-related genes (DCRGs) and constructed a diabetes-based cancer-associated inflammation network (DCIN). We integrated seven DCRGs into the DCIN and analyzed their role in different tumors from various perspectives. We also investigated drug sensitivity and single-cell sequencing data in colon adenocarcinoma as an example. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments to verify the expression of DCRGs and the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Results Seven identified DCRGs, including PPARG, MMP9, CTNNB1, TNF, TGFB1, PTGS2, and HIF1A, were integrated to construct a DCIN. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of the seven DCRGs in different tumors was significantly different, which had varied effects on diverse perspectives. Single-cell sequencing analyzed in colon cancer showed that the activity of the DCRGs was highest in Macrophage and the lowest in B cells among all cell types in adenoma and carcinoma tissue. In vitro experiments showed that the DCRGs verified by western bolt and PEG2 verified by ELISA were all highly expressed in COAD epithelial cells stimulated by high glucose. Conclusion This study, for the first time, constructed a DCIN, which provides novel insights into the underlying mechanism of how DM increases tumor occurrence and development. Although further research is required, our results offer clues for new potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Tan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jin Kang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aifang Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Roujie Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Peng,
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24
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Chung KC, Juang SE, Chen HH, Cheng KC, Wu KL, Song LC, Lee KC. Association between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer incidence and all-cause mortality: a hospital-based observational study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:453. [DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide pandemic and complex disorder associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to identify the influence of number of MetS components on CRC incidence and mortality, using a national, longitudinal dataset of hospital care in Taiwan.
Methods
Patient data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2001 to 2008 were extracted. Individuals with at least one inpatient diagnosis or 2 outpatient visits with any MetS component found within one year were identified and included. Subjects died within 12 months after the presence of MetS components or had any prior cancer were excluded. The study cohort were then divided into two groups: subjects who had more (i.e., 3 to 4) MetS components and those who had fewer (i.e., 1 to 2) MetS components. An 2:1 propensity score (PS) matching were performed to balance the baseline characteristics between the groups. Cox regression analyses were conducted to compare the CRC incidence and all-cause mortality at follow-up between subjects with more MetS components versus fewer components.
Results
After matching, a total of 119,843 subjects (78,274 with 1–2 and 41,569 with 3–4 MetS components) were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, subjects with 3–4 MetS components had a significantly higher risk of CRC [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.43, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.17, p < 0.001) than those with only 1–2 MetS components. In stratified analyses, the greatest increased risk of CRC incidence that 3–4 MetS components posed as compared to 1–2 MetS components was seen in subjects without CHD history (aHR, 1.41, 95% CI, 1.23–1.62, p < 0.001). In addition, 3–4 MetS components (vs. 1–2) led to greater all-cause mortality among the subjects < 65y, both genders, with or without CHD, subjects without CKD hisotry, both aspirin users and non-users, users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and users of statin.
Conclusion
Compared with 1–2 components, subjects with 3–4 MetS components are at greater risk of CRC and death at follow-up. This study also demonstrates the risks for CRC and all-cause mortality in certain subgroups of individuals with 3–4 MetS components compared to 1–2 components. These findings may help clinicians on the CRC risk stratification according to individuals’ characteristics, as well as to optimize the strategy of MetS surveillance and control in order to prevent CRC.
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25
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Wang X, Chen X, Liu W, Liang W, Liu M. Rationale and Design of LAPIS: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Aspirin in Elderly Chinese Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8333-8341. [DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s391259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Ren J, Zhang P, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhong W, Song W, Wang X, Gao P, Mao C. Association of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Genetic Risk, and Environmental Risk Factors with Incidence of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205138. [PMID: 36291921 PMCID: PMC9600467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with the lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether regular use of NSAIDs could attenuate the effect of genetic risk and environmental risk factors on CRC is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of NSAID use, genetic risk, and environmental risk factors with CRC. Using data from a UK Biobank, a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate the risk of CRC according to NSAID use, polygenic risk score, and environmental risk factors. Regular use of NSAIDs was associated with a 36.0% lower risk of CRC. No statistically significant interaction was observed between NSAID use and the genetic risk score (p = 0.190), and between NSAID use and the environmental risk score (p = 0.740). However, regular NSAID use was still associated with lower CRC incidence among subjects with either high environmental risk or high genetic risk. Furthermore, the genetic and environmental risk of CRC were additives. These findings appear to support the chemopreventive effect of regular NSAID use. Furthermore, controlling of modifiable environmental risk factors can reduce the CRC risk, especially among individuals with a moderate or high genetic risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ren
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenfang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Pingming Gao
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.M.)
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27
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Koulaouzidis G, Charisopoulou D, Marlicz W. Aspirin, Risk of Colorectal Cancer, & Genetic Risk-Letter. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:701-702. [PMID: 36193657 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Koulaouzidis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dafni Charisopoulou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Academic Centre for Congenital Heart Disease, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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28
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Turabi KS, Deshmukh A, Paul S, Swami D, Siddiqui S, Kumar U, Naikar S, Devarajan S, Basu S, Paul MK, Aich J. Drug repurposing-an emerging strategy in cancer therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1139-1158. [PMID: 35695911 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of people around the world. Despite advances in surgical and radiation therapy, chemotherapy continues to be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. The current treatment is expensive and has several side effects. Also, over time, cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy, due to which there is a demand for new drugs. Drug repurposing is a novel approach that focuses on finding new applications for the old clinically approved drugs. Current advances in the high-dimensional multiomics landscape, especially proteomics, genomics, and computational omics-data analysis, have facilitated drug repurposing. The drug repurposing approach provides cheaper, effective, and safe drugs with fewer side effects and fastens the process of drug development. The review further delineates each repurposed drug's original indication and mechanism of action in cancer. Along with this, the article also provides insight upon artificial intelligence and its application in drug repurposing. Clinical trials are vital for determining medication safety and effectiveness, and hence the clinical studies for each repurposed medicine in cancer, including their stages, status, and National Clinical Trial (NCT) identification, are reported in this review article. Various emerging evidences imply that repurposing drugs is critical for the faster and more affordable discovery of anti-cancerous drugs, and the advent of artificial intelligence-based computational tools can accelerate the translational cancer-targeting pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Shahab Turabi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Ankita Deshmukh
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Dayanand Swami
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shafina Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Urwashi Kumar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shreelekha Naikar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shine Devarajan
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India.
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Kong Y, Zhuo L, Dong D, Zhuo L, Lou P, Cai T, Chen S, Pan J, Gao Y, Lu H, Ma Y, Dong Z, Luo X, Zhao H. Validation of the Asia-Pacific colorectal screening score and its modified versions in predicting colorectal advanced neoplasia in Chinese population. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:961. [PMID: 36071414 PMCID: PMC9450334 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Several studies suggest using the Asia-Pacific colorectal screening (APCS) score and its modified versions to select high-risk populations for early colonoscopy, but external validation remains rare, and which score should be selected for CRC screening in China is unclear. Validation of multiple scores in the same population might help to choose the best performing score. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study under the framework of Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, data from asymptomatic colorectal cancer screening in Xuzhou was used to validate the APCS score, the colorectal neoplasia predict (CNP) score, the Korean colorectal screening (KCS) score, the Modified APCS score and the 8-point risk score in predicting colorectal advanced neoplasia (CAN). Results 1804 subjects were included in the analysis and 112 CAN (6.21%) was detected. In each score, the detection rate of CAN was higher in the high-risk group than in the non-high-risk group (P < 0.05), and the RR (95%C.I.) ranged 2.20 (1.50–3.22) [8-point risk] to 4.00 (2.41–6.65) [Modified APCS]. The c-statistics (95%C.I.) of the scoring systems ranged from 0.58 (0.53–0.62) [8-point risk] to 0.65 (0.61–0.69) [KCS]. The sensitivity (95%C.I.) of these systems ranged from 31.25 (22.83–40.70) [8-point risk] to 84.82 (76.81–90.90) [Modified APCS], while the specificity (95%C.I.) ranged from 43.50 (41.12–45.90) [Modified APCS] to 83.81 (81.96–85.53) [8-point risk]. Using the APCS scoring system as a comparator, the net reclassification improvement (NRI) of each modified version ranged from − 10.34% (95%C.I.: − 22.63 to 1.95%) [8-point risk] to 4.79% (95%C.I.: − 1.50% to 11.08) [KCS]. The colonoscopy resource load (95%C.I.) ranged from 9 [1–3] [8-point risk] to 11 [3–5] [APCS and Modified APCS]. Conclusions The APCS score and its modified versions have certain ability to predict the risk of advanced neoplasia and reduce the resource load. The modified APCS score and the KCS score seemed the preferable systems to classify high risk subjects based on its high RR, sensitivity and predictive ability in the selected population. Future research could focus on adding risk factors or combining with laboratory test results to improve the predictive power of the scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Kong
- Cancer Prevention office, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Huancheng Road 131, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Endocrinology and metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Cancer Prevention office, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Huancheng Road 131, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lang Zhuo
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road 209, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peian Lou
- Department of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ting Cai
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Siting Chen
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Jianqiang Pan
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Yihuan Gao
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road 209, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Cancer Prevention office, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Huancheng Road 131, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongmei Dong
- Department of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- Toxicology Lab, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
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30
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Clarke SL, Parham M, Lankester J, Shadyab AH, Liu S, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Tcheandjieu C, Assimes TL. Broad clinical manifestations of polygenic risk for coronary artery disease in the Women's Health Initiative. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:108. [PMID: 36034645 PMCID: PMC9411562 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic basis for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is highly complex. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) can help to quantify that risk, but the broader impacts of polygenic risk for CAD are not well characterized. Methods We measured polygenic risk for CAD using the meta genomic risk score, a previously validated genome-wide PRS, in a subset of genotyped participants from the Women's Health Initiative and applied a phenome-wide association study framework to assess associations between the PRS and a broad range of blood biomarkers, clinical measurements, and health outcomes. Results Polygenic risk for CAD is associated with a variety of biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses related to traditional risk factors, as well as risk-enhancing factors. Analysis of adjudicated outcomes shows a graded association between atherosclerosis related outcomes, with the highest odds ratios being observed for the most severe manifestations of CAD. We find associations between increased polygenic risk for CAD and decreased risk for incident breast and lung cancer, with replication of the breast cancer finding in an external cohort. Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization suggest that breast cancer association is likely due to horizontal pleiotropy, while the association with lung cancer may be causal. Conclusion Polygenic risk for CAD has broad clinical manifestations, reflected in biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses. Some of these associations may represent direct pathways between genetic risk and CAD while others may reflect pleiotropic effects independent of CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa L. Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matthew Parham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Joanna Lankester
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bakshi A, Cao Y, Orchard SG, Carr PR, Joshi AD, Manning AK, Buchanan DD, Umar A, Winship IM, Gibbs P, Zalcberg JR, Macrae F, McNeil J, Lacaze P, Chan AT. Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Genetic Susceptibility among Older Individuals. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:447-454. [PMID: 35348611 PMCID: PMC9256779 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although aspirin has been considered a promising agent for prevention of colorectal cancer, recent data suggest a lack of benefit among older individuals. Whether some individuals with higher risk of colorectal cancer may benefit from aspirin remains unknown. We used a 95-variant colorectal cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) to explore the association between genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer and aspirin use in a prospective study of 12,609 individuals of European descent ages ≥70 years, enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial (randomized controlled trial; RCT). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of aspirin use on colorectal cancer, as well as the interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment on colorectal cancer. Over a median of 4.7 years follow-up, 143 participants were diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer. Aspirin assignment was not associated with incidence of colorectal cancer overall [HR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.30] or within strata of PRS (P for interaction = 0.97). However, the PRS was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.28 per SD; 95% CI, 1.09-1.51). Individuals in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an 85% higher risk compared with individuals in the bottom quintile (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.08-3.15). In a prospective RCT of older individuals, a PRS is associated with incident colorectal cancer risk, but aspirin use was not associated with a reduction of incident colorectal cancer, regardless of baseline genetic risk. PREVENTION RELEVANCE There is strong evidence to support prophylactic aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal cancer. However recent recommendations suggest the risk of bleeding in older individuals outweighs the benefit. We sought to determine whether some older individuals might still benefit from aspirin based on their genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yin Cao
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prudence R. Carr
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia,Department of Medicine (RMH),The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John R. Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia,Department of Medicine (RMH),The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
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Shahrivar M, Weibull CE, Ekström Smedby K, Glimelius B, Syk I, Matthiessen P, Nordenvall C, Martling A. Low-dose aspirin use and colorectal cancer survival in 32,195 patients-A national cohort study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:315-324. [PMID: 35717628 PMCID: PMC9844641 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from previous studies indicate that use of aspirin may improve colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. The aim of this study was to assess whether use of aspirin influences overall survival or CRC-specific survival in an unselected cohort of patients diagnosed with CRC. METHODS The study was performed using the Colorectal Cancer Data Base Sweden (CRCBaSe), a mega-linkage originating from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register, with additional linkages to other national health care registers. All patients diagnosed with primary CRC stage I-III treated with curative surgery, aged 18-85 years at diagnosis, from 2007 through 2016 were identified. Information on low-dose aspirin use was extracted from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Exposure was defined as dispensed prescription for at least 6 months. Aspirin exposure was analyzed at the time of surgery (yes/no) and as a time-varying exposure during follow-up. Follow-up was restricted to a maximum 6 years, to model 5-year survival. Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustments were performed for sex, age, year of diagnosis, Charlson comorbidity index, hypertension, and ASA score as potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 32,195 patients diagnosed with CRC were included. 6764 (21%) were exposed to aspirin at the time of CRC surgery. The median time of follow-up was 4.2 years. Aspirin use at the time of surgery was not associated with all-cause (adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.08) nor CRC-specific mortality (adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91-1.07). Aspirin use during follow-up was associated with increased all-cause (adjusted HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15) but not CRC-specific mortality (adjusted HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91-1.06). A CRC-specific effect associated with aspirin was noted from approximately 3 years following surgery. CONCLUSIONS In this large nation-wide cohort study there was no convincing association between aspirin use after CRC and OS or CRC-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Shahrivar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Caroline E. Weibull
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology DivisionKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Karin Ekström Smedby
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology DivisionKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ingvar Syk
- Department of SurgerySkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Peter Matthiessen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI oncology and colorectal surgery unitKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI oncology and colorectal surgery unitKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: results from two large cohort studies. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:75. [PMID: 35624487 PMCID: PMC9145441 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No population-based cohort study investigated a potential inverse association between long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use and all-cause dementia and its two most common sub-types Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) so far. METHODS Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting to model the underlying cardiovascular risk were used to assess the associations of low-dose ASA use with all-cause dementia, AD, and VD incidence in community-dwelling older adults from the German ESTHER study (N = 5258) and the UK Biobank (N = 305,394). Inclusion criteria were age of 55 years or older and completed drug assessment. Meta-analyses of the individual participant data from the two prospective cohort studies were performed. RESULTS Four hundred seventy-six cases of all-cause dementia, 157 cases of AD, and 183 cases of VD were diagnosed over a median of 14.3 years of follow-up in ESTHER. In the UK Biobank, 5584 participants were diagnosed with all-cause dementia, 2029 with AD, and 1437 with VD over a median of 11.6 years. The meta-analysis of both cohorts revealed a weak reduction in hazards for all-cause dementia (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.96 [0.93 to 0.99]). The strongest protective effect of low-dose ASA was observed in participants with coronary heart disease (CHD) in both cohorts, and a significant interaction was detected. In particular, in meta-analysis, a 31% reduction in hazard for AD, 69% for VD and 34% for all-cause dementia were observed (HR [95% CI]: 0.69 [0.59 to 0.80], 0.31 [0.27 to 0.35], 0.46 [0.42 to 0.50], respectively). Furthermore, compared to non-users, users of low-dose ASA for 10 years or longer (who likely use it because they have CHD or a related diagnosis putting them at an increased risk for cardiovascular events) demonstrated a strong protective effect on all dementia outcomes, especially for VD (HR [95% CI]: 0.48 [0.42 to 0.56]) whereas no protective associations were observed with shorter low-dose ASA use. CONCLUSIONS The protective potential of low-dose ASA for all-cause dementia, AD, and VD seems to strongly depend on pre-existing CHD and the willingness of patients to take it for a minimum of ten years.
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Abstract
Drug repurposing is the use of a given therapeutic agent for indications other than that for which it was originally designed or intended. The concept is appealing because of potentially lower development costs and shorter timelines than are needed to produce a new drug. To date, drug repurposing for cardiovascular indications has been opportunistic and driven by knowledge of disease mechanisms or serendipitous observation rather than by systematic endeavours to match an existing drug to a new indication. Innovations in two areas of personalized medicine — computational approaches to associate drug effects with disease signatures and predictive model systems to screen drugs for disease-modifying activities — support efforts that together create an efficient pipeline to systematically repurpose drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, new experimental strategies that guide the medicinal chemistry re-engineering of drugs could improve repurposing efforts by tailoring a medicine to its new indication. In this Review, we summarize the historical approach to repurposing and discuss the technological advances that have created a new landscape of opportunities. Drugs can be repurposed for new therapeutic indications. In this Review, Mercola and colleagues summarize the latest techniques for systematic drug repurposing and re-engineering, which could increase the pace, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of drug discovery for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Contemporary technologies are expected to make drug repurposing large-scale, systematic and deliberate rather than opportunistic. New experimental and computational tools harness patient genomics for drug repurposing. Discovery of repurposed drugs on the basis of patient genomics has implications for precision prescribing of medicines to treat individual patients. The treatment of rare, monogenic diseases, which often provide too little return on investment to incentivize conventional drug discovery, might benefit because the molecular aetiologies of these diseases are well suited to the discovery of drug repurposing candidates.
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Pich O, Bailey C, Watkins TBK, Zaccaria S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C. The translational challenges of precision oncology. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:458-478. [PMID: 35487215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The translational challenges in the field of precision oncology are in part related to the biological complexity and diversity of this disease. Technological advances in genomics have facilitated large sequencing efforts and discoveries that have further supported this notion. In this review, we reflect on the impact of these discoveries on our understanding of several concepts: cancer initiation, cancer prevention, early detection, adjuvant therapy and minimal residual disease monitoring, cancer drug resistance, and cancer evolution in metastasis. We discuss key areas of focus for improving cancer outcomes, from biological insights to clinical application, and suggest where the development of these technologies will lead us. Finally, we discuss practical challenges to the wider adoption of molecular profiling in the clinic and the need for robust translational infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas B K Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Simone Zaccaria
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Sninsky JA, Shore BM, Lupu GV, Crockett SD. Risk Factors for Colorectal Polyps and Cancer. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2022; 32:195-213. [PMID: 35361331 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy in the U.S. and worldwide. Most CRC cases arise from precancerous adenomatous and serrated polyps. Established risk factors for conventional adenomas and CRC include age, male sex, family history, obesity and physical inactivity, and red meat intake. White race and tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors for serrated polyps, which have a distinct risk factor profile compared to conventional adenomas. A history of abdominopelvic radiation, acromegaly, hereditary hemochromatosis, or prior ureterosigmoidostomy also increases CRC risk. Understanding these risk factors allows for targeted screening of high-risk groups to reduce CRC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Sninsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7080, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA
| | - Brandon M Shore
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7080, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA
| | - Gabriel V Lupu
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7080, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA
| | - Seth D Crockett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7080, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA.
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Zhou Y, Feng Y, Cen R, Hou X, Yu H, Sun J, Zhou L, Ji Q, Zhao L, Wang Y, Li Q. San-Wu-Huang-Qin decoction attenuates tumorigenesis and mucosal barrier impairment in the AOM/DSS model by targeting gut microbiome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153966. [PMID: 35158238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A classic herbal formula San-Wu-Huang-Qin (SWHQ) decoction has been widely used in clinical practices to prevent and treat colorectal cancer (CRC) for years, but its anti-tumorigenic properties and the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. PURPOSE The present study used a CRC mouse model to clarify whether and how SWHQ suppresses tumorigenesis. METHODS Different doses of SWHQ were gavaged to the AOM/DSS model mice to examine its anti-tumor efficacy in comparison with the positive control drug Aspirin. The underlying microbiota-driven anti-tumor action of SWHQ was proven with bacterial manipulations by fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) in vivo and anaerobic culturing in vitro. RESULTS SWHQ decoction dose-dependently reduced colonic tumor numbers/loads of AOM/DSS models and suppressed their disease activity index scores. SWHQ also recovered epithelial MUC2 secretion and colonic tight junction protein (ZO-1 and claudin1) expression in the mouse model. Such inhibitory impact on tumorigenesis and mucosal barrier impairment was found to be associated with modulation of gut dysbiosis, particularly for suppressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) producers. The FMT experiment confirmed the substantial contribution of SWHQ-reshaped microbiota to anti-tumor function and mucosal barrier protection. Moreover, LPS-activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling and its downstream pro-inflammatory factors were significantly suppressed in the colon of SWHQ-treated models and SWHQ-reshaped microbiota recipients. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the SWHQ effectively inhibited tumorigenesis and protect mucosal barrier in CRC at least partially by targeting gut microbiota. This study provides scientific basis for the clinical usage of SWHQ in CRC intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rong Cen
- Endoscopy center of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Laboratory Department of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Giovannucci E. Molecular Biologic and Epidemiologic Insights for Preventability of Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:645-650. [PMID: 34978574 PMCID: PMC9086743 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been informed from both a molecular biology perspective, which concerns the study of the nature, timing, and consequences of mutations in driver genes, and epidemiology, which focuses on identifying risk factors for cancer. For the most part, these fields have developed independently, and it is thus important to consider them in a more integrated manner. The molecular mutational perspective has stressed the importance of mutations due to replication of adult stem cells, and the molecular fingerprint of most CRCs does not suggest the importance of direct carcinogens. Epidemiology has identified numerous modifiable risk factors that account for most CRCs, most of which are not direct mutagens. The distribution of CRCs across the large bowel is not uniform, which is possibly caused by regional differences in the microbiota. Some risk factors are likely to act through or interact with the microbiota. The mutational perspective informs when risk factors may begin to operate in life and when they may cease to operate. Evidence from the mutational model and epidemiology supports that CRC risk factors begin early in life and may contribute to the risk of early-onset CRC. Later in carcinogenesis, there may be a "point of no return" when sufficient mutations have accumulated, and some risk factors do not affect cancer risk. This period may be at least 5-15 years for some risk factors. A more precise knowledge of timing of risk factor to cancer is required to inform preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Giovannucci
- Correspondence to: Edward Giovannucci, ScD, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
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Anisman H, Kusnecov AW. Cancer therapies: Caveats, concerns, and momentum. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mandalà M, Roila F. Colorectal cancer and cardiovascular diseases: Are we closing the gap between knowledge and action? Eur J Intern Med 2021; 87:13-14. [PMID: 33775506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mandalà
- University of Perugia, Division of Medical Oncology, Perugia, 06123 Italy.
| | - Fausto Roila
- University of Perugia, Division of Medical Oncology, Perugia, 06123 Italy
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