1
|
O'Neal EE, Wendt L, Hamann C, Reyes M, Yang J, Peek-Asa C. Rates and predictors of teen driver crash culpability. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 86:185-190. [PMID: 37718045 PMCID: PMC10505703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor-vehicle crash risk is highest among teen drivers. Despite a wealth of research on the topic, there are still many contributors to these crashes that are not well understood. The current study sought to examine the contribution of graduated driver licensing (GDL) restrictions, sex, age, roadway circumstances, and citation history to teen drivers' crash culpability. METHOD Crash system data from the Iowa Department of Transportation were linked with traffic-related charges from the Iowa Court Information System. Crashes involving teens aged 14 to 17 years between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed (N = 19,847). Culpability was determined using the driver contributing circumstances from the crash report. Moving and non-moving traffic citations issued prior to the date of each crash were considered. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to examine predictors of crash culpability. RESULTS Teen drivers were determined to be culpable for more than two thirds of crashes (N = 13,604, 68.54%). Culpability was more prevalent among males, younger teens, in rural areas, in the presence of reported roadway contributing circumstances, during hours of restricted nighttime driving, and among teens with citation histories that included both moving and non-moving citations. Similarly, multivariable model results indicated that the likelihood of culpability was higher among males, in rural areas, and at each stage of GDL compared to teen drivers with unrestricted licenses. While drivers with a history of both moving and non-moving violations were more likely to be culpable, those with a history of only moving or only non-moving violations were less likely to be culpable compared to those with no violation history. CONCLUSION Sex, crash location, and GDL stage were associated with teen driver crash culpability. A singular prior moving or non-moving violation may play a protective role in teen crash culpability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E O'Neal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Linder Wendt
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Cara Hamann
- College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michelle Reyes
- National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharwood LN, Martiniuk A, Sarrami Foroushani P, Seggie J, Wilson S, Hsu J, Burns B, Logan DB. Intentions and willingness to engage in risky driving behaviour among high school adolescents: evaluating the bstreetsmart road safety programme. Inj Prev 2023; 29:1-7. [PMID: 35961770 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of a road safety programme on adolescents' willingness to engage in risky behaviour as probationary drivers, adjusted for covariates of interest. METHOD The bstreetsmart is a road safety programme delivered to around 25 000 adolescent students annually in New South Wales. Using a smartphone-based app, student and teacher participation incentives, students were surveyed before and after programme attendance. Mixed-methods linear regression analysed pre/post-modified Behaviour of Young Novice Driver (BYNDS_M) scores. RESULTS 2360 and 1260 students completed pre-event and post-event surveys, respectively. Post-event BYNDS_M scores were around three points lower than pre-event scores (-2.99, 95% CI -3.418 to -2.466), indicating reduced intention to engage in risky driving behaviours. Covariates associated with higher stated intentions of risky driving were exposure to risky driving as a passenger (1.21, 95% CI 0.622 to 2.011) and identifying as non-binary gender (2.48, 95% CI 1.879 to 4.085), adjusting for other predictors. CONCLUSIONS Trauma-informed, reality-based injury prevention programmes can be effective in changing short-term stated intentions to engage in risky driving, among a pre-independent driving student population. The adolescent novice driver age group is historically challenging to engage, and injury prevention action must be multipronged to address the many factors influencing their behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nicole Sharwood
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The University of Sydney-Camperdown and Darlington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Martiniuk
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pooria Sarrami Foroushani
- Institute of Trauma and Injury Management, New South Wales Agency for Clinical Innovation, Chatswood, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Warwick Farm, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Seggie
- Trauma, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jeremy Hsu
- Trauma, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Burns
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,GSA-HEMS Research, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service, SWSLHD, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Bruce Logan
- Road Safety Programs, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ehsani JP, Kinnear N, Helman S, Vaca FE, Michael JP. Toward a Performance-Based Driver Licensing System for Teenagers in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:450-453. [PMID: 35501214 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Ehsani
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | | | | | - Federico E Vaca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey P Michael
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Toups R, Chirles TJ, Ehsani JP, Michael JP, Bernstein JPK, Calamia M, Parsons TD, Carr DB, Keller JN. Driving Performance in Older Adults: Current Measures, Findings, and Implications for Roadway Safety. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igab051. [PMID: 35028434 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Over 10,000 people a day turn 65 in the United States. For many older adults, driving represents an essential component of independence and is one of the most important factors in overall mobility. Recent survey studies in older adults suggest that up to 60% of older adult drivers with mild cognitive impairment, and up to 30% with dementia, continue to drive. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and detailed resource on the topics of cognition and driving for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working on efforts related to older adult drivers. Research Design and Methods Publications on PubMed and Medline and discussions with experts working in geriatrics, technology, driving policy, psychology, and diverse aspects of driving performance were utilized to inform the current review. Results Research indicates that there is a complex and inverse correlation between multiple cognitive measures, driving performance, and risky driving behaviors. The fragmented nature of available peer-reviewed literature, and a reliance on correlative data, do not currently allow for the identification of the temporal and reciprocal nature of the interplay between cognition and driving endpoints. Discussion and Implications There are currently no widely accepted definitions, conceptual models, or uniform set of analyses for conducting geriatric research that is focused on driving. Establishing conventions for conducting research that harmonizes the fields of geriatrics, cognition, and driving research is critical for the development of the evidence base that will inform clinical practice and road safety policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Toups
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Theresa J Chirles
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johnathon P Ehsani
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Michael
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Matthew Calamia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Thomas D Parsons
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.,Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - David B Carr
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ehsani JP, Weast R, Chirles T, Hellinger A, Shields W, Yenokyan G, Igusa T. Evaluating a smartphone application to increase the quantity and improve the quality of supervised practice driving. Inj Prev 2021; 27:587-591. [PMID: 34413073 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The learner stage of graduated driver licensing (GDL), when teenagers are supervised by an adult driver, represents an opportunity to develop skills that could confer a safety benefit during their years of independent driving. This paper describes the design of a teenage driving study, which aims to evaluate the impact of a smartphone application, the 'DrivingApp,' to increase the quantity and improve the quality of supervised practice driving. METHODS This longitudinal intervention study of teenage drivers and a parent/guardian spans the final 6 months of the learner licence and the first year of independent driving. Participants will be assigned to experimental or control groups using block allocation. Parent-teenage dyads assigned to the intervention arm will receive information about their practice driving via a smartphone application, including miles driven and total drive time. Baseline and monthly surveys will be administered to both experimental and control participants to measure the outcome measures during the learner stage: (1) practice driving amount, (2) consistency and (3) variety. Outcomes during independent driving are (1) self-reported number of attempts at the driving test and (2) number of crashes during the first year of independent driving. DISCUSSION Improving the quality of teenagers' supervised practice driving is an unmet research need. This study will contribute to the evidence about what can be done during the learner period of GDL to maximise teenage drivers' safety during the first years of independent driving, when crash risk is highest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Ehsani
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Weast
- Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Theresa Chirles
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Hellinger
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy Shields
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Takeru Igusa
- Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morris N, Craig C, Mirman JH. Tools for Transport: Driven to Learn With Connected Vehicles. Top Cogn Sci 2021; 13:708-727. [PMID: 34245660 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vehicle automation and assistance technologies have been touted as a means to reduce traffic collisions by minimizing or eliminating "error-prone" and inefficient human operators. In concept, automation exists on a continuum that includes engaged driving by a human operator augmented by automated support features, vigilant driver monitoring of vehicle behavior with the possibility of driver take-over, to full automation with no active monitoring by a human operator. Moreover, the degree of automation varies by vehicle features (e.g., lane centering, emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, parking), by setting, meaning that automated features may or may not be available depending on specific attributes of the traffic environment (e.g., traffic volume, road geometry, etc), and by implementation (e.g., haptic vs. auditory warnings). Thus, these automotive "transportation tools" are highly heterogeneous and pose unique challenges and opportunities for driver training. In this paper, we report the results of an experimental study (n = 36) to determine if enhanced vehicle feedback influences driver trust, effort, frustration, and performance (indexed by reaction time) in a virtual driving environment. Results are contextualized in the extant literature on learning to operate motor vehicles and outline key research questions essential for understanding the processes by which skilled performance develops with respect to a real-world practical tool: the increasingly automated automobile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Morris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota
| | - Curtis Craig
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cimino S, Marzilli E, Erriu M, Carbone P, Casini E, Cerniglia L. Motor Vehicle Collisions during Adolescence: The Role of Alexithymic Traits and Defense Strategies. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11060079. [PMID: 34063788 PMCID: PMC8223781 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
International literature has shown that adolescents represent the population most at risk of fatal and nonfatal motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Adolescents’ alexithymic traits and significant use of immature defense strategies have been seen to play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the possible mediation role played by defense strategies use in the relationship between alexithymia and MVCs. Our sample consisted of 297 adolescents divided into four subgroups, based on the number of visits to the emergency department due to an MVC. We assessed adolescents’ alexithymic traits and defense strategies use through self-report instruments. Results showed that males reported a higher rate of MVCs than females. Higher rates of MVCs are associated with more alexithymic traits and maladaptive defense strategies use. Adolescents’ Acting Out and Omnipotence use significantly mediated the relationship between alexithymia and MVCs. Our findings suggest the recidivism of MVCs as an attempt to cope with emotional difficulties, with important clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Michela Erriu
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisa Casini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome, Sapienza, 00186 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.M.); (M.E.); (P.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-920-761
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ehsani JP, Kinnear N. Young driver licensing and COVID-19. Inj Prev 2021; 27:574-576. [PMID: 33574128 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Ehsani
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ehsani JP. Public Policies Protect Young Drivers-Reply. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:1215-1216. [PMID: 33017004 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Ehsani
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sawyer SM, Ivers RQ. Public Policies Protect Young Drivers. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:1215. [PMID: 33016989 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Trauma Care, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ehsani JP. Adolescent Driver Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:743-744. [PMID: 33071165 PMCID: PMC7560122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P. Ehsani
- Address correspondence to: Johnathon P. Ehsani, Ph.D., M.P.H., Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 555, Baltimore MD, 21205
| |
Collapse
|