1
|
Singh S, Bianchi L, Korganbayev S, Namakshenas P, Melnik R, Saccomandi P. Non-Fourier Bioheat Transfer Analysis in Brain Tissue During Interstitial Laser Ablation: Analysis of Multiple Influential Factors. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:967-981. [PMID: 38236341 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the dual-phase lag-based non-Fourier bioheat transfer model of brain tissue subjected to interstitial laser ablation. The finite element method has been utilized to predict the brain tissue's temperature distributions and ablation volumes. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to quantify the effect of variations in the input laser power, treatment time, laser fiber diameter, laser wavelength, and non-Fourier phase lags. Notably, in this work, the temperature-dependent thermal properties of brain tissue have been considered. The developed model has been validated by comparing the temperature obtained from the numerical and ex vivo brain tissue during interstitial laser ablation. The ex vivo brain model has been further extended to in vivo settings by incorporating the blood perfusion effects. The results of the systematic analysis highlight the importance of considering temperature-dependent thermal properties of the brain tissue, non-Fourier behavior, and microvascular perfusion effects in the computational models for accurate predictions of the treatment outcomes during interstitial laser ablation, thereby minimizing the damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The developed model and parametric analysis reported in this study would assist in a more accurate and precise prediction of the temperature distribution, thus allowing to optimize the thermal dosage during laser therapy in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Pouya Namakshenas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Roderick Melnik
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lacroce E, Bianchi L, Polito L, Korganbayev S, Molinelli A, Sacchetti A, Saccomandi P, Rossi F. On the role of polymeric hydrogels in the thermal response of gold nanorods under NIR laser irradiation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6870-6879. [PMID: 38059037 PMCID: PMC10696932 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are 3D cross-linked networks of polymeric chains designed to be used in the human body. Nowadays they find widespread applications in the biomedical field and are particularly attractive as drug delivery vectors. However, despite many good results, their release performance is sometimes very quick and uncontrolled, being forced by the high in vivo clearance of body fluids. In this direction, the development of novel responsive nanomaterials promises to overcome the drawbacks of common hydrogels, inducing responsive properties in three-dimensional polymeric devices. In this study, we synthesized and then loaded gold nanorods (Au NRs) within an agarose-carbomer (AC)-based hydrogel obtained from a microwave-assisted polycondensation reaction between carbomer 974P and agarose. The photothermal effect of the composite device was quantified in terms of maximum temperature and spatial-temporal temperature distribution, also during consecutive laser irradiations. This work shows that composite Au NRs loaded within AC hydrogels can serve as a stable photothermal treatment agent with enhanced photothermal efficiency and good thermal stability after consecutive laser irradiations. These results confirm that the composite system produced can exhibit an enhanced thermal effect under NIR laser irradiation, which is expected to lead to great therapeutic advantages for the localized treatment of different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lacroce
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-3145
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano via Giuseppe La Masa 1 20156 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-8470
| | - Laura Polito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SCITEC via Gaudenzio Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
| | - Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano via Giuseppe La Masa 1 20156 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-8470
| | - Alessandro Molinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-3145
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-3145
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano via Giuseppe La Masa 1 20156 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-8470
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy +39-02-2399-3145
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Longo UG, De Tommasi F, Salvatore G, Lalli A, Lo Presti D, Massaroni C, Schena E. Intra-articular temperature monitoring during radiofrequency ablation in ex-vivo bovine hip joints via Fiber Bragg grating sensors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:766. [PMID: 37770871 PMCID: PMC10537081 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiofrequency ablation is an increasingly used surgical option for ablation, resection and coagulation of soft tissues in joint arthroscopy. One of the major issues of thermal ablation is the temperature monitoring across the target areas, as cellular mortality is a direct consequence of thermal dosimetry. Temperatures from 45 °C to 50 °C are at risk of damage to chondrocytes. One of the most reliable tools for temperature monitoring is represented by fiber optic sensors, as they allow accurate and real-time temperature measurement via a minimally invasive approach. The aim of this study was to determine, by fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs), the safety of radiofrequency ablation in tissue heating applied to ex-vivo bovine hip joints. METHODS Ex vivo bovine hips were subjected to radiofrequency ablation, specifically in the acetabular labrum, for a total of two experiments. The WEREWOLF System (Smith + Nephew, Watford, UK) was employed in high operating mode and in a controlled ablation way. One optical fiber embedding seven FBGs was used to record multipoint temperature variations. Each sensor was 1 mm in length with a distance from edge to edge with each other of 2 mm. RESULTS The maximum variation was recorded in both the tests by the FBG1 (i.e., the closest one to the electrode tip) and was lower than to 2.8 °C. The other sensors (from FBG2 to FBG7) did not record a significant temperature change throughout the duration of the experiment (maximum up to 0.7 °C for FBG7). CONCLUSIONS No significant increase in temperature was observed at any of the seven sites. The sensor nearest to the radiofrequency source exhibited the highest temperature rise, but the variation was only 3 °C. The minimal temperature increase registered at the measurement sites, according to existing literature, is not expected to be cytotoxic. FBGs demonstrate the potential to fulfil the strict requirements for temperature measurements during arthroscopic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Roma, 00128, Italy.
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Roma, 00128, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Tommasi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Roma, 00128, Italy
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salvatore
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Roma, 00128, Italy
| | - Alberto Lalli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Roma, 00128, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Roma, 00128, Italy
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Roma, 00128, Italy
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, Rome, 00128, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pang S, Kapur A, Zhou K, Anastasiadis P, Ballirano N, Kim AJ, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Huang H. Nanoparticle-assisted, image-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for cancer treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1826. [PMID: 35735205 PMCID: PMC9540339 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new treatment option for patients with brain and non-central nervous system (non-CNS) tumors. MRI guidance allows for precise placement of optical fiber in the tumor, while MR thermometry provides real-time monitoring and assessment of thermal doses during the procedure. Despite promising clinical results, LITT complications relating to brain tumor procedures, such as hemorrhage, edema, seizures, and thermal injury to nearby healthy tissues, remain a significant concern. To address these complications, nanoparticles offer unique prospects for precise interstitial hyperthermia applications that increase heat transport within the tumor while reducing thermal impacts on neighboring healthy tissues. Furthermore, nanoparticles permit the co-delivery of therapeutic compounds that not only synergize with LITT, but can also improve overall effectiveness and safety. In addition, efficient heat-generating nanoparticles with unique optical properties can enhance LITT treatments through improved real-time imaging and thermal sensing. This review will focus on (1) types of inorganic and organic nanoparticles for LITT; (2) in vitro, in silico, and ex vivo studies that investigate nanoparticles' effect on light-tissue interactions; and (3) the role of nanoparticle formulations in advancing clinically relevant image-guided technologies for LITT. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiao Pang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Keri Zhou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nicholas Ballirano
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Anthony J. Kim
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Winkles
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Huang‐Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Tommasi F, Massaroni C, Grasso RF, Carassiti M, Schena E. Temperature Monitoring in Hyperthermia Treatments of Bone Tumors: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5470. [PMID: 34450911 PMCID: PMC8400360 DOI: 10.3390/s21165470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases and osteoid osteoma (OO) have a high incidence in patients facing primary lesions in many organs. Radiotherapy has long been the standard choice for these patients, performed as stand-alone or in conjunction with surgery. However, the needs of these patients have never been fully met, especially in the ones with low life expectancy, where treatments devoted to pain reduction are pivotal. New techniques as hyperthermia treatments (HTs) are emerging to reduce the associated pain of bone metastases and OO. Temperature monitoring during HTs may significantly improve the clinical outcomes since the amount of thermal injury depends on the tissue temperature and the exposure time. This is particularly relevant in bone tumors due to the adjacent vulnerable structures (e.g., spinal cord and nerve roots). In this Review, we focus on the potential of temperature monitoring on HT of bone cancer. Preclinical and clinical studies have been proposed and are underway to investigate the use of different thermometric techniques in this scenario. We review these studies, the principle of work of the thermometric techniques used in HTs, their strengths, weaknesses, and pitfalls, as well as the strategies and the potential of improving the HTs outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Tommasi
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentations, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentations, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosario Francesco Grasso
- Unit of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Carassiti
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, School of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentations, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.T.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu J, Zeng M, Xu X, Liu J, Huo X, Han D, Wang Z, Tian L. A Micron-Sized Laser Photothermal Effect Evaluation System and Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5133. [PMID: 34372369 PMCID: PMC8348586 DOI: 10.3390/s21155133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photothermal effects of lasers have played an important role in both medical laser applications and the development of cochlear implants with optical stimulation. However, there are few methods to evaluate the thermal effect of micron-sized laser spots interacting with other tissues. Here, we present a multi-wavelength micro-scale laser thermal effect measuring system that has high temporal, spatial and temperature resolutions, and can quantitatively realize evaluations in real time. In this system, with accurate 3D positioning and flexible pulsed laser parameter adjustments, groups of temperature changes are systematically measured when the micron-sized laser spots from six kinds of wavelengths individually irradiate the Pd/Cr thermocouple junction area, and reference data of laser spot thermal effects are obtained. This work develops a stable, reliable and universal tool for quantitatively exploring the thermal effect of micron-sized lasers, and provides basic reference data for research on light-stimulated neuron excitement in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Junhui Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinyu Huo
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Danhong Han
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lan Tian
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naeem ZJ, Salman AM, Faris RA, Al-Janabi A. Highly efficient optical fiber sensor for instantaneous measurement of elevated temperature in dental hard tissues irradiated with an Nd:YaG laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:6189-6198. [PMID: 34613285 DOI: 10.1364/ao.431369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this in vitro experiment, the effect of 1.064 µm pulsed laser on both enamel- and dentin-dental tissues has been investigated. A total of fifty-five dental hard tissue samples were exposed to Nd:YAG laser that possesses a pulse width of 9 ns and 850 mJ of total energy. An optical fiber sensor was put behind the samples to measure the temperature instantaneously. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber sensor has been proposed and used to measure the heat generated in dental hard tissues instantaneously after the application of laser irradiation on the tissue surface. This optical sensor exhibits a fast response time of about 1 ms and high sensitivity with about 1.975 nm/°C. The findings of this study in decreasing the probability of pulpal necrosis structure while handling the tooth, whether for ablation, welding, or tooth resurfacing purposes, may establish standards for dentists and laser manufacturers (healthcare professionals) that should be followed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bianchi L, Korganbayev S, Orrico A, De Landro M, Saccomandi P. Quasi-distributed fiber optic sensor-based control system for interstitial laser ablation of tissue: theoretical and experimental investigations. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2841-2858. [PMID: 34168905 PMCID: PMC8194627 DOI: 10.1364/boe.419541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes the quasi-distributed real-time monitoring and control of laser ablation (LA) of liver tissue. To confine the thermal damage, a pre-planning stage of the control strategy based on numerical simulations of the bioheat-transfer was developed to design the control parameters, then experimentally assessed. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were employed to design the automatic thermometry system used for temperature feedback control for interstitial LA. The tissue temperature was maintained at a pre-set value, and the influence of different sensor locations (on the direction of the beam propagation and backward) on the thermal outcome was evaluated in comparison with the uncontrolled case. Results show that the implemented computational model was able to properly describe the temperature evolution of the irradiated tissue. Furthermore, the realized control strategy allowed for the accurate confinement of the laser-induced temperature increase, especially when the temperature control was actuated by sensors located in the direction of the beam propagation, as confirmed by the calculated fractions of necrotic tissues (e.g., 23 mm3 and 53 mm3 for the controlled and uncontrolled LA, respectively).
Collapse
|
9
|
Asadi S, Bianchi L, De Landro M, Korganbayev S, Schena E, Saccomandi P. Laser-induced optothermal response of gold nanoparticles: From a physical viewpoint to cancer treatment application. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000161. [PMID: 32761778 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs)-based photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising minimally invasive thermal therapy for the treatment of focal malignancies. Although GNPs-based PTT has been known for over two decades and GNPs possess unique properties as therapeutic agents, the delivery of a safe and effective therapy is still an open question. This review aims at providing relevant and recent information on the usage of GNPs in combination with the laser to treat cancers, pointing out the practical aspects that bear on the therapy outcome. Emphasis is given to the assessment of the GNPs' properties and the physical mechanisms underlying the laser-induced heat generation in GNPs-loaded tissues. The main techniques available for temperature measurement and the current theoretical simulation approaches predicting the therapeutic outcome are reviewed. Topical challenges in delivering safe thermal dosage are also presented with the aim to discuss the state-of-the-art and the future perspective in the field of GNPs-mediated PTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Asadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina De Landro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emiliano Schena
- Laboratory of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beisenova A, Issatayeva A, Ashikbayeva Z, Jelbuldina M, Aitkulov A, Inglezakis V, Blanc W, Saccomandi P, Molardi C, Tosi D. Distributed Sensing Network Enabled by High-Scattering MgO-Doped Optical Fibers for 3D Temperature Monitoring of Thermal Ablation in Liver Phantom. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:828. [PMID: 33513666 PMCID: PMC7865229 DOI: 10.3390/s21030828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal ablation is achieved by delivering heat directly to tissue through a minimally invasive applicator. The therapy requires a temperature control between 50-100 °C since the mortality of the tumor is directly connected with the thermal dosimetry. Existing temperature monitoring techniques have limitations such as single-point monitoring, require costly equipment, and expose patients to X-ray radiation. Therefore, it is important to explore an alternative sensing solution, which can accurately monitor temperature over the whole ablated region. The work aims to propose a distributed fiber optic sensor as a potential candidate for this application due to the small size, high resolution, bio-compatibility, and temperature sensitivity of the optical fibers. The working principle is based on spatial multiplexing of optical fibers to achieve 3D temperature monitoring. The multiplexing is achieved by high-scattering, nanoparticle-doped fibers as sensing fibers, which are spatially separated by lower-scattering level of single-mode fibers. The setup, consisting of twelve sensing fibers, monitors tissue of 16 mm × 16 mm × 25 mm in size exposed to a gold nanoparticle-mediated microwave ablation. The results provide real-time 3D thermal maps of the whole ablated region with a high resolution. The setup allows for identification of the asymmetry in the temperature distribution over the tissue and adjustment of the applicator to follow the allowed temperature limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidana Beisenova
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Aizhan Issatayeva
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Zhannat Ashikbayeva
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory of Astana, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Jelbuldina
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Arman Aitkulov
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Vassilis Inglezakis
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK;
| | - Wilfried Blanc
- Université Côte d’Azur, INPHYNI, CNRS UMR 7010, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Politechnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giuseppe La Masa, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carlo Molardi
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniele Tosi
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory of Astana, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Korganbayev S, Orrico A, Bianchi L, Paloschi D, Wolf A, Dostovalov A, Saccomandi P. PID Controlling Approach Based on FBG Array Measurements for Laser Ablation of Pancreatic Tissues. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2021; 70:1-9. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
|
12
|
Korganbayev S, Orrico A, Bianchi L, De Landro M, Wolf A, Dostovalov A, Saccomandi P. Closed-Loop Temperature Control Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Laser Ablation of Hepatic Tissue. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20226496. [PMID: 33203048 PMCID: PMC7697476 DOI: 10.3390/s20226496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation (LA) of cancer is a minimally invasive technique based on targeted heat release. Controlling tissue temperature during LA is crucial to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in the organs while preserving the healthy tissue around. Here, we report the design and implementation of a real-time monitoring system performing closed-loop temperature control, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) spatial measurements. Highly dense FBG arrays (1.19 mm length, 0.01 mm edge-to-edge distance) were inscribed in polyimide-coated fibers using the femtosecond point-by-point writing technology to obtain the spatial resolution needed for accurate reconstruction of high-gradient temperature profiles during LA. The zone control strategy was implemented such that the temperature in the laser-irradiated area was maintained at specific set values (43 and 55 °C), in correspondence to specific radii (2 and 6 mm) of the targeted zone. The developed control system was assessed in terms of measured temperature maps during an ex vivo liver LA. Results suggest that the temperature-feedback system provides several advantages, including controlling the margins of the ablated zone and keeping the maximum temperature below the critical values. Our strategy and resulting analysis go beyond the state-of-the-art LA regulation techniques, encouraging further investigation in the identification of the optimal control-loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, 20133 Milano MI, Italy; (A.O.); (L.B.); (M.D.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-348-776-1649
| | - Annalisa Orrico
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, 20133 Milano MI, Italy; (A.O.); (L.B.); (M.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, 20133 Milano MI, Italy; (A.O.); (L.B.); (M.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Martina De Landro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, 20133 Milano MI, Italy; (A.O.); (L.B.); (M.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Alexey Wolf
- Laboratory of Fiber Optics, Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexander Dostovalov
- Laboratory of Fiber Optics, Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, 20133 Milano MI, Italy; (A.O.); (L.B.); (M.D.L.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Phototherapies offer promising alternatives to traditional cancer therapies. Phototherapies mainly rely on manipulation of target tissue through photothermal, photochemical, or photomechanical interactions. Combining phototherapy with immunotherapy has the benefit of eliciting a systemic immune response. Specifically, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been shown to induce apoptosis and necrosis in cancer cells, releasing tumor associated antigenic peptides while sparing healthy host cells, through temperature increase in targeted tissue. However, the tissue temperature must be monitored and controlled to minimize adverse thermal effects on normal tissue and to avoid the destruction of tumor-specific antigens, in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effects of PTT. Techniques for monitoring PTT have evolved from post-treatment quantification methods like enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry to modern methods capable of real-time monitoring, such as magnetic resonance thermometry, computed tomography, and photoacoustic imaging. Monitoring methods are largely chosen based on the type of light delivery to the target tissue. Interstitial methods of thermometry, such as thermocouples and fiber-optic sensors, are able to monitor temperature of the local tumor environment. However, these methods can be challenging if the phototherapy itself is interstitially administered. Increasingly, non-invasive therapies call for non-invasive monitoring, which can be achieved through magnetic resonance thermometry, computed tomography, and photoacoustic imaging techniques. The purpose of this review is to introduce the feasible methods used to monitor tissue temperature during PTT. The descriptions of different techniques and the measurement examples can help the researchers and practitioners when using therapeutic PTT.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen A, Grobmyer SR, Krishna VB. Photothermal Response of Polyhydroxy Fullerenes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14444-14450. [PMID: 32596582 PMCID: PMC7315565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy, utilizing photonic nanoparticles, has gained substantial interest as an alternative to systemic cancer treatments. Several different photothermal nanoparticles have been designed and characterized for their photothermal efficiency. However, a standardized experimental methodology to determine the photothermal efficiency is lacking leading to differences in the reported values for the same nanoparticles. Here, we have determined the role of different experimental parameters on the estimation of photothermal efficiency. Importantly, we have demonstrated the role of laser irradiation time and nanoparticle concentration as the two critical factors that can lead to errors in the estimation of photothermal efficiency. Based on the optimized parameters, we determined the photothermal conversion efficiency of polyhydroxy fullerenes to be 69%. Further, the photothermal response of polyhydroxy fullerenes was found to be stable with repeated laser irradiation and no changes in the molecular structure were observed. Given its high photothermal efficiency and superior stability, polyhydroxy fullerenes are an ideal candidate for photothermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute and Surgical Oncology,
Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Stephen R. Grobmyer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute and Surgical Oncology,
Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Vijay B. Krishna
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute and Surgical Oncology,
Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peña K, Ishahak M, Arechavala S, Leveillee RJ, Salas N. Comparison of temperature change and resulting ablation size induced by a 902–928 MHz and a 2450 MHz microwave ablation system in in-vivo porcine kidneys. Int J Hyperthermia 2019; 36:313-321. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1565788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karli Peña
- Joint Bioengineering and Endourology Developmental Surgical Laboratory, Division of Endourology, Laparoscopy, and Minimally-Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Ishahak
- Joint Bioengineering and Endourology Developmental Surgical Laboratory, Division of Endourology, Laparoscopy, and Minimally-Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Stacie Arechavala
- Joint Bioengineering and Endourology Developmental Surgical Laboratory, Division of Endourology, Laparoscopy, and Minimally-Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Raymond J. Leveillee
- Joint Bioengineering and Endourology Developmental Surgical Laboratory, Division of Endourology, Laparoscopy, and Minimally-Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Nelson Salas
- Joint Bioengineering and Endourology Developmental Surgical Laboratory, Division of Endourology, Laparoscopy, and Minimally-Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meng L, Deschaume O, Larbanoix L, Fron E, Bartic C, Laurent S, Van der Auweraer M, Glorieux C. Photoacoustic temperature imaging based on multi-wavelength excitation. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 13:33-45. [PMID: 30555785 PMCID: PMC6277227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Building further upon the high spatial resolution offered by ultrasonic imaging and the high optical contrast yielded by laser excitation of photoacoustic imaging, and exploiting the temperature dependence of photoacoustic signal amplitudes, this paper addresses the question whether the rich information given by multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) allows to obtain 3D temperature images. Numerical simulations and experimental results are reported on agarose phantoms containing gold nanoparticles and the effects of shadowing, reconstruction flaws, etc. on the accuracy are determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Meng
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lionel Larbanoix
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christ Glorieux
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D - box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beisenova A, Issatayeva A, Sovetov S, Korganbayev S, Jelbuldina M, Ashikbayeva Z, Blanc W, Schena E, Sales S, Molardi C, Tosi D. Multi-fiber distributed thermal profiling of minimally invasive thermal ablation with scattering-level multiplexing in MgO-doped fibers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1282-1296. [PMID: 30891346 PMCID: PMC6420269 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a setup for multiplexed distributed optical fiber sensors capable of resolving temperature distribution in thermo-therapies, with a spatial resolution of 2.5 mm over multiple fibers interrogated simultaneously. The setup is based on optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) applied to optical fibers having backscattered power significantly larger than standard fibers (36.5 dB), obtained through MgO doping. The setup is based on a scattering-level multiplexing, which allows interrogating all the sensing fibers simultaneously, thanks to the fact that the backscattered power can be unambiguously associated to each fiber. The setup has been validated for the planar measurement of temperature profiles in ex vivo radiofrequency ablation, obtaining the measurement of temperature over a surface of 96 total points (4 fibers, 8 sensing points per cm2). The spatial resolution obtained for the planar measurement allows extending distributed sensing to surface, or even three-dimensional, geometries performing temperature sensing in the tissue with millimeter resolution in multiple dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidana Beisenova
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Issatayeva
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sultan Sovetov
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Jelbuldina
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhannat Ashikbayeva
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Wilfried Blanc
- Université Côte d’Azur, INPHYNI–CNRS UMR 7010, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Emiliano Schena
- E. Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvador Sales
- Institute of Telecommunications and Multimedia Applications (iTEAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlo Molardi
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniele Tosi
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han D, Xu J, Wang Z, Yang N, Li X, Qian Y, Li G, Dai R, Xu S. Penetrating effect of high-intensity infrared laser pulses through body tissue. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32344-32357. [PMID: 35547482 PMCID: PMC9086259 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have utilized infrared (IR) lasers as energy sources in laser therapy for curing skin diseases and skin injuries with remarkable effects. Preliminary experiments have also shown that high-intensity IR laser pulses could penetrate thick body tissues, resulting in remarkable effects for recovery from injuries in deep muscles and cartilage tissues. However, for deep-level IR laser therapy, it is unclear how much of the laser power density penetrates the body tissues at certain depths and which of the three major effects of laser irradiation, namely, laser-induced photo-chemical effect, photo-thermal effect and mechanical dragging effect, play a key role in the curing process. Thus, in this study, we developed micro-sized thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) arrays on freestanding Si3N4 thin-film windows as sensors for laser power density and local temperature. These devices showed excellent linear responses in output voltage to laser power density with wavelengths in the range of 325-1064 nm, and also indicated the local temperature at the laser spot. We systematically measured the penetrating effect and thermal effect through thick porcine tissues for high-intensity IR pulses with a laser system used in clinical treatment and subtracted the attenuation parameters for the porcine skin, fat and muscle tissue from the experimental data. The results offered reliable quantitative references for safe irradiation doses of high-intensity IR laser pulses in practical laser therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Han
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| | - Xunzhou Li
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Qian
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Ge Li
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Rujun Dai
- TED Healthcare Technology Ltd Unit 350, 3/F, Block B, Beijing Venture Plaza, A11, An Xiang Bei li Rd. Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the AGA & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China +86-10-62757261
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cappelli S, Saccomandi P, Massaroni C, Polimadei A, Silvestri S, Caponero MA, Frauenfelder G, Schena E. Magnetic Resonance-compatible needle-like probe based on Bragg grating technology for measuring temperature during Laser Ablation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2015:1287-90. [PMID: 26736503 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Temperature monitoring in tissue undergone Laser Ablation (LA) may be particularly beneficial to optimize treatment outcome. Among many techniques, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors show valuable characteristics for temperature monitoring in this medical scenario: good sensitivity and accuracy, and immunity from electromagnetic interferences. Their main drawback is the sensitivity to strain, which can entail measurement error for respiratory and patient movements. The aims of this work are the design, the manufacturing and the characterization of a needle-like probe which houses 4 FBGs. Three FBGs have sensitive length of 1 mm and are used as temperature sensors; one FBG with length of 10 mm is used as reference and to sense eventual strain. The optical fiber housing the FBGs was encapsulated within a needle routinely used in clinical practice to perform MRI-guided biopsy. Two materials were used for the encapsulation: i) thermal paste for the 3 FBGs used for temperature monitoring, to maximize the thermal exchange with the needle; ii) epoxy resin for the reference FBG, to improve its sensitivity to strain. The static calibration of the needle-like probe was performed to estimate the thermal sensitivity of each FBG; the step response was investigated to estimate the response time. FBGs 1 mm long have thermal sensitivity of 0.01 nm·°C(-1), whereas the reference FBG presents 0.02 nm·°C(-1). For all FBGs, the response time was in the order of 100 ms. Lastly, experiments were performed on ex vivo swine liver undergoing LA to i) evaluate the possible presence of measurement artifact, due to the direct absorption of laser light by the needle and ii) assess the feasibility of the probe in a quasi clinical scenario.
Collapse
|
20
|
Saccomandi P, Quero G, Gassino R, Lapergola A, Guerriero L, Diana M, Vallan A, Perrone G, Schena E, Costamagna G, Marescaux J, Di Matteo FM. Laser ablation of the biliary tree: in vivo proof of concept as potential treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:1372-1380. [PMID: 29322853 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1427287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The palliative treatment of cholangiocarcinoma is based on stent placement with well-known procedure-related complications. Consequently, alternative energy-based techniques were put forward with controversial long-term results. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of biliary tree laser ablation (LA) in terms of: (i) absence of perforation, (ii) temperature increase, (iii) induced thermal damage in in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The common bile duct and cystic ducts of two pigs were ablated with a diode laser (circumferential irradiation pattern) for 6 and 3 min at 7 W. Laser settings were chosen from previous ex vivo experiments. Local temperature was monitored through a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor embedded into the laser delivery probe. Histopathological analysis of the ablated specimen was performed through in situ endomicroscopy, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) stains. RESULTS Temperature reached a plateau of 53 °C with consequent thermal damage on the application area, regardless of laser settings and application sites. No perforation was detected macroscopically or microscopically. At the H&E stain, wall integrity was always preserved. The NADH stain allowed to evaluate damage extension. It turned out that the ablation spreading width depended on application time and duct diameter. In situ endomicroscopy revealed a clear distinction between ablated and non-ablated areas. CONCLUSIONS The temperature distribution obtained through LA proved to induce a safe and effective intraductal coagulative necrosis of biliary ducts. These results represent the basis for further experiments on tumour-bearing models for the treatment of obstructive cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Saccomandi
- a Institute of Image-Guided Surgery , IHU-Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,b Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- a Institute of Image-Guided Surgery , IHU-Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Riccardo Gassino
- c Department of Electronics and Telecommunications , Politecnico di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Alfonso Lapergola
- d Research Institute against Digestive Cancer , IRCAD , Strasbourg , France
| | - Ludovica Guerriero
- a Institute of Image-Guided Surgery , IHU-Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Michele Diana
- a Institute of Image-Guided Surgery , IHU-Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,d Research Institute against Digestive Cancer , IRCAD , Strasbourg , France
| | - Alberto Vallan
- c Department of Electronics and Telecommunications , Politecnico di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Guido Perrone
- c Department of Electronics and Telecommunications , Politecnico di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- b Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Guido Costamagna
- a Institute of Image-Guided Surgery , IHU-Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,e Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Jaques Marescaux
- a Institute of Image-Guided Surgery , IHU-Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,d Research Institute against Digestive Cancer , IRCAD , Strasbourg , France
| | - Francesco M Di Matteo
- f Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Laser Ablation for Cancer: Past, Present and Future. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8020019. [PMID: 28613248 PMCID: PMC5492000 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser ablation (LA) is gaining acceptance for the treatment of tumors as an alternative to surgical resection. This paper reviews the use of lasers for ablative and surgical applications. Also reviewed are solutions aimed at improving LA outcomes: hyperthermal treatment planning tools and thermometric techniques during LA, used to guide the surgeon in the choice and adjustment of the optimal laser settings, and the potential use of nanoparticles to allow biologic selectivity of ablative treatments. Promising technical solutions and a better knowledge of laser-tissue interaction should allow LA to be used in a safe and effective manner as a cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Thermal ablation techniques such as radiofrequency, microwave, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and laser have been used as minimally invasive strategies for the treatment of variety of cancers. MR thermometry methods are readily available for monitoring thermal distribution and deposition in real time, leading to decrease of incidents of normal tissue damage around targeted lesion. HIFU and laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) are the two widely accepted tumor ablation techniques because of their compatibility with MR systems. MRI provides multiple temperature dependent parameters for thermal imaging, such as signal intensity, T1, T2, diffusion coefficient, magnetization transfer, proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS, including phase imaging and spectroscopy) as well as frequency shift of temperature sensitive contrast agents. Absolute temperature mapping techniques, including both spectroscopic imaging using metabolites as a reference and phase imaging using fat as a reference, are immune to susceptibility effects and are not dependent on phase differences. These techniques are intrinsically more reliable than relative temperature measurement by phase mapping methods. If the limitation of low temporal and spatial resolution could be overcome, these methods may be preferred for MR-guided thermal ablation systems. As of today, the most popular MR thermal imaging method applied in tumor thermal ablation surgery is, however, still PRFS based phase mapping technique, which only provides relative temperature change and is prone to motion artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chin K Ng
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pham NT, Lee SL, Park S, Lee YW, Kang HW. Real-time temperature monitoring with fiber Bragg grating sensor during diffuser-assisted laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:45008. [PMID: 28425558 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.4.045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity temperature sensors have been used to validate real-time thermal responses in tissue during photothermal treatment. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasible application of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for diffuser-assisted laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) particularly to treat tubular tissue disease. A 600 - ? m core-diameter diffuser was employed to deliver 980-nm laser light for coagulation treatment. Both a thermocouple and a FBG were comparatively tested to evaluate temperature measurements in ex vivo liver tissue. The degree of tissue denaturation was estimated as a function of irradiation times and quantitatively compared with light distribution as well as temperature development. At the closer distance to a heat source, the thermocouple measured up to 41% higher maximum temperature than the FBG sensor did after 120-s irradiation (i.e., 98.7 ° C ± 6.1 ° C for FBG versus 131.0 ° C ± 5.1 ° C for thermocouple; p < 0.001 ). Ex vivo porcine urethra tests confirmed the real-time temperature measurements of the FBG sensor as well as consistently circumferential tissue denaturation after 72-s irradiation ( coagulation thickness = 2.2 ± 0.3 ?? mm ). The implementation of FBG can be a feasible sensing technique to instantaneously monitor the temperature developments during diffuser-assisted LITT for treatment of tubular tissue structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngot Thi Pham
- Pukyong National University, Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee Lee
- Pukyong National University, Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- Chung-Ang University, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Lee
- Pukyong National University, School of Electrical Engineering, Busan, Republic of KoreadPukyong National University, Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Pukyong National University, Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Busan, Republic of KoreaePukyong National University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cavaiola C, Saccomandi P, Massaroni C, Tosi D, Giurazza F, Frauenfelder G, Beomonte Zobel B, Di Matteo FM, Caponero MA, Polimadei A, Schena E. Error of a Temperature Probe for Cancer Ablation Monitoring Caused by Respiratory Movements: <italic>Ex Vivo</italic> and <italic>In Vivo</italic> Analysis. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2016; 16:5934-5941. [DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2016.2574959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
25
|
Fiber Optic Sensors for Temperature Monitoring during Thermal Treatments: An Overview. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071144. [PMID: 27455273 PMCID: PMC4970186 DOI: 10.3390/s16071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, minimally invasive thermal treatments (i.e., Radiofrequency ablation, Laser ablation, Microwave ablation, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ablation, and Cryo-ablation) have gained widespread recognition in the field of tumor removal. These techniques induce a localized temperature increase or decrease to remove the tumor while the surrounding healthy tissue remains intact. An accurate measurement of tissue temperature may be particularly beneficial to improve treatment outcomes, because it can be used as a clear end-point to achieve complete tumor ablation and minimize recurrence. Among the several thermometric techniques used in this field, fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have several attractive features: high flexibility and small size of both sensor and cabling, allowing insertion of FOSs within deep-seated tissue; metrological characteristics, such as accuracy (better than 1 °C), sensitivity (e.g., 10 pm·°C−1 for Fiber Bragg Gratings), and frequency response (hundreds of kHz), are adequate for this application; immunity to electromagnetic interference allows the use of FOSs during Magnetic Resonance- or Computed Tomography-guided thermal procedures. In this review the current status of the most used FOSs for temperature monitoring during thermal procedure (e.g., fiber Bragg Grating sensors; fluoroptic sensors) is presented, with emphasis placed on their working principles and metrological characteristics. The essential physics of the common ablation techniques are included to explain the advantages of using FOSs during these procedures.
Collapse
|
26
|
Alagha HZ, Gülsoy M. Photothermal ablation of liver tissue with 1940-nm thulium fiber laser: an ex vivo study on lamb liver. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15007. [PMID: 26790641 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
27
|
Polito D, Arturo Caponero M, Polimadei A, Saccomandi P, Massaroni C, Silvestri S, Schena E. A Needlelike Probe for Temperature Monitoring During Laser Ablation Based on Fiber Bragg Grating: Manufacturing and Characterization. J Med Device 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature distribution monitoring in tissue undergoing laser ablation (LA) could be beneficial for improving treatment outcomes. Among several thermometric techniques employed in LA, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors show valuable characteristics, although their sensitivity to strain entails measurement error for patient respiratory movements. Our work describes a solution to overcome this issue by housing an FBG in a surgical needle. The metrological properties of the probes were assessed in terms of thermal sensitivity (0.027 nm °C−1 versus 0.010 nm °C−1 for epoxy liquid encapsulated probe and thermal paste one, respectively) and response time (about 100 ms) and compared with properties of nonencapsulated FBG (sensitivity of 0.010 nm °C−1, response time of 43 ms). The error due to the strain caused by liver movements, simulating a typical respiratory pattern, was assessed: the strain induces a probes output error less than 0.5 °C, which is negligible when compared to the response of nonencapsulated FBG (2.5 °C). The metallic needle entails a measurement error, called artifact, due to direct absorption of the laser radiation. The analysis of the artifact was performed by employing the probes for temperature monitoring on liver undergoing LA. Experiments were performed at two laser powers (i.e., 2 W and 4 W) and at nine distances between the probes and the laser applicator. The artifact decreases with the distance and increases with the power: it exceeds 10 °C at 4 W, when the encapsulated probes are placed at 3.6 mm and 0 deg from the applicator, and it is lower than 1 °C for distance higher than 5 mm and angle higher than 30 deg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Polito
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Michele Arturo Caponero
- Mem. ASME ENEA, Photonics Micro and Nano structures Laboratory, Research Centre of Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati 00044, Rome, Italy e-mail:
| | - Andrea Polimadei
- Mem. ASME ENEA, Photonics Micro and Nano structures Laboratory, Research Centre of Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati 00044, Rome, Italy e-mail:
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Sergio Silvestri
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Allegretti G, Saccomandi P, Giurazza F, Caponero M, Frauenfelder G, Di Matteo F, Beomonte Zobel B, Silvestri S, Schena E. Magnetic resonance-based thermometry during laser ablation on ex-vivo swine pancreas and liver. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:631-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
29
|
Schena E, Saccomandi P, Giurazza F, Del Vescovo R, Mortato L, Martino M, Panzera F, Di Matteo FM, Beomonte Zobel B, Silvestri S. Monitoring of temperature increase and tissue vaporization during laser interstitial thermotherapy of ex vivo swine liver by computed tomography. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:378-81. [PMID: 24109703 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive technique used to thermally destroy tumour cells. Being based on hyperthermia, LITT outcome depends on the temperature distribution inside the tissue. Recently, CT scan thermometry, based on the dependence of the CT number (HU) on tissue temperature (T) has been introduced during LITT; it is an attractive approach to monitor T because it overcomes the concerns related to the invasiveness. We performed LITT on nine ex vivo swine livers at three different laser powers, (P=1.5 W, P=3 W, P=5 W) with a constant treatment time t=200 s; HU is averaged on two ellipsoidal regions of interest (ROI) of 0.2 cm2, placed at two distances from the applicator (d=3.6 mm and d=8.7 mm); a reference ROI was placed away from the applicator (d=30 mm). The aim of this study is twofold: 1) to evaluate the effect of the T increase in terms of HU variation in ex vivo swine livers undergoing LITT; and 2) to estimate the P value for tissue vaporization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the HU variation in swine livers undergoing LITT at different P. The reported findings could be useful to assess the effect of LITT on the liver in terms of both T changes and tissue vaporization, with the aim to obtain an effective therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Schena E, Majocchi L. Assessment of temperature measurement error and its correction during Nd:YAG laser ablation in porcine pancreas. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 30:328-34. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.928832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kim TH, Lee GW, Youn JI. A comparison of temperature profile depending on skin types for laser hair removal therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1829-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Kim H, Kang J, Chang JH. Thermal therapeutic method for selective treatment of deep-lying tissue by combining laser and high-intensity focused ultrasound energy. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:2806-2809. [PMID: 24784108 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy is performed by delivering laser radiation into the target lesion containing tissue chromophores so as to induce localized heating. For high treatment efficacy, the laser wavelength should be selected to maximize the absorption of incident laser radiation in the tissue chromophores. However, even with the optimal laser wavelength, both the absorption and the scattering of laser energy in tissue openly hamper treatment efficacy in deep-lying lesions. To overcome the limitation, we propose a dual thermal therapeutic method in which both laser and acoustic energies are transmitted to increase therapeutic depth while maintaining high target selectivity of photothermal therapy. Through skin-mimicking phantom experiments, it was verified that the two different energies are complementary in elevation of tissue temperature, and the treatment depth using laser radiation is increased along with acoustic energy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Taffoni F, Formica D, Saccomandi P, Di Pino G, Schena E. Optical fiber-based MR-compatible sensors for medical applications: an overview. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:14105-20. [PMID: 24145918 PMCID: PMC3859111 DOI: 10.3390/s131014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During last decades, Magnetic Resonance (MR)--compatible sensors based on different techniques have been developed due to growing demand for application in medicine. There are several technological solutions to design MR-compatible sensors, among them, the one based on optical fibers presents several attractive features. The high elasticity and small size allow designing miniaturized fiber optic sensors (FOS) with metrological characteristics (e.g., accuracy, sensitivity, zero drift, and frequency response) adequate for most common medical applications; the immunity from electromagnetic interference and the absence of electrical connection to the patient make FOS suitable to be used in high electromagnetic field and intrinsically safer than conventional technologies. These two features further heightened the potential role of FOS in medicine making them especially attractive for application in MRI. This paper provides an overview of MR-compatible FOS, focusing on the sensors employed for measuring physical parameters in medicine (i.e., temperature, force, torque, strain, and position). The working principles of the most promising FOS are reviewed in terms of their relevant advantages and disadvantages, together with their applications in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Taffoni
- Unit of Biomedical Robotics and Biomicrosystems, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy; E-Mails: (D.F.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Domenico Formica
- Unit of Biomedical Robotics and Biomicrosystems, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy; E-Mails: (D.F.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy; E-Mails: (P.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- Unit of Biomedical Robotics and Biomicrosystems, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy; E-Mails: (D.F.); (G.D.P.)
- Institute of Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University, and Fondazione Alberto Sordi-Research Institute for Ageing, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy; E-Mails: (P.S.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saccomandi P, Schena E, Silvestri S. Techniques for temperature monitoring during laser-induced thermotherapy: an overview. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:609-19. [PMID: 24032415 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.832411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is a hyperthermic procedure recently employed to treat cancer in several organs. The amount of coagulated tissue depends on the temperature distribution around the applicator, which plays a crucial role for an optimal outcome: the removal of the whole neoplastic tissue, whilst preventing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Although feedback concerning tissue temperature could be useful to drive the physician in the adjustment of laser settings and treatment duration, LITT is usually performed without real-time monitoring of tissue temperature. During recent decades, many thermometric techniques have been developed to be used during thermal therapies. This paper provides an overview of techniques and sensors employed for temperature measurement during tissue hyperthermia, focusing on LITT, and an investigation of their performances in this application. The paper focuses on the most promising and widespread temperature monitoring techniques, splitting them into two groups: the former includes invasive techniques based on the use of thermocouples and fibre-optic sensors; the second analyses non-invasive methods, i.e. magnetic resonance imaging-, computerised tomography- and ultrasound-based thermometry. Background information on measuring principle, medical applications, advantages and weaknesses of each method are provided and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Saccomandi
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Centre for Integrated Research, University Campus Bio-Medico , Rome , Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schena E, Saccomandi P, Giurazza F, Caponero MA, Mortato L, Di Matteo FM, Panzera F, Del Vescovo R, Beomonte Zobel B, Silvestri S. Experimental assessment of CT-based thermometry during laser ablation of porcine pancreas. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:5705-16. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
36
|
Saccomandi P, Schena E, Caponero MA, Di Matteo FM, Martino M, Pandolfi M, Silvestri S. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy in ex vivo porcine pancreas. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:2958-64. [PMID: 22929361 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2210895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) has been recently applied to pancreas in animal models for ablation purpose. Assessment of thermal effects due to the laser-pancreatic tissue interaction is a critical factor in validating the procedure feasibility and safety. A mathematical model based on bioheat equation and its experimental assessment was developed. The LITT procedure was performed on 40 ex vivo porcine pancreases, with an Nd:YAG (1064 nm) energy of 1000 J and power from 1.5 up to 10 W conveyed by a quartz optical fiber with 300 μm diameter. Six fiber Bragg grating sensors have been utilized to measure temperature distribution as a function of time at fixed distances from the applicator tip within pancreas undergoing LITT. Simulations and experiments show temperature variations Δ T steeply decreasing with distance from the applicator at higher power values: at 6 W, ∆T > 40 °C at 5 mm and Δ T is approximately equal to 5 °C at 10 mm. Δ T nonlinearly increases with power close to the applicator. Ablated and coagulated tissue volumes have also been measured and experimental results agree with theoretical ones. Despite the absence of data in the current literature on pancreas optical parameters, the model allowed a quite good prediction of thermal effects. The prediction of LITT effects on pancreas is necessary to assess laser dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Saccomandi
- Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The influence of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on Fluoroptic® temperature measurement: an experimental evaluation. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:487-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
38
|
Residual tumor after laser ablation of human non-small-cell lung cancer demonstrated by ex vivo staining: correlation with invasive temperature measurements. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 25:63-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-011-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Pribisko AL, Perl ER. Use of a near-infrared diode laser to activate mouse cutaneous nociceptors in vitro. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 194:235-41. [PMID: 20970454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A skin-nerve preparation is useful for study of heat transduction mechanisms of A- and C-high threshold primary afferents (nociceptors), but the small dimension and liquid environment of the skin organ bath do not readily accommodate conventional noxious heat delivery systems. For these reasons, a 980 nm (near-infrared) diode laser was tested for activation and differentiation of cutaneous afferents. Current to the laser driver was varied. Exposure time and area, angle of approach, and stand-off distance from the bath solution surface were held constant. Seventy-eight fibers were classified by: conduction velocity, mechanical threshold, and responsiveness to laser radiation. A subset of the sampled fibers was also tested for sensitivity to convective heat. Most C (30/43) and a few A (6/25) nociceptors responded to laser irradiation. All low mechanical threshold primary afferents (10/10) were unresponsive to laser irradiation. Laser-sensitive fibers responded to convective heat, whereas laser-insensitive fibers did not. Laser-induced responses were consistent with literature reports of responses to traditional heat stimulation. Laser stimulation proved to be a rapid, unobtrusive method for reproducible heat stimulation of primary afferents of the mouse skin-nerve preparation. It is effective for defining subpopulations of primary afferent fibers and holds promise as a tool for gauging modification of C-fiber activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaine L Pribisko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schaaf D, Johnson T. Relationships of skin depths and temperatures when varying pulse repetition frequencies from 2.0-microm laser light incident on pig skin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:045007. [PMID: 20799802 DOI: 10.1117/1.3477324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Human perception of 2.0-microm infrared laser irradiation has become significant in such disparate fields as law enforcement, neuroscience, and pain research. Several recent studies have found damage thresholds for single-pulse and continuous wave irradiations at this wavelength. However, the only publication using multiple-pulse irradiations was investigating the cornea rather than skin. Literature has claimed that the 2.0-microm light characteristic thermal diffusion time was as long as 300-ms. Irradiating the skin with 2.0-microm lasers to produce sensation should follow published recommendations to use pulses on the order of 10 to 100 ms, which approach the theoretical thermal diffusion time. Therefore, investigation of the heating of skin for a variety of laser pulse combinations was undertaken. Temperatures of ex vivo pig skin were measured at the surface and at three depths from pulse sequences of six different duty factors. Differences were found in temperature rise per unit exposure that did not follow a linear relation to duty factor. The differences can be explained by significant heat conduction during the pulses. Therefore, the common heat modeling assumption of thermal confinement during a pulse may need to be experimentally verified if the pulse approaches the theoretical thermal confinement time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schaaf
- Colorado State University, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiao J, Guo Z. Thermal interaction of short-pulsed laser focused beams with skin tissues. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:4225-41. [PMID: 19531849 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/13/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent thermal interaction is developed in a skin tissue cylinder subjected to the irradiation of a train of short laser pulses. The skin embedded with a small tumor is stratified as three layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat with different optical, thermal and physiological properties. The laser beam is focused to the tumor site by an objective lens for thermal therapy. The ultrafast radiation heat transfer of the focused beam is simulated by the transient discrete ordinates method. The transient Pennes bio-heat equation is solved numerically by the finite volume method with alternating direction implicit scheme. Emphasis is placed on the characterization of the focused beam propagation and absorption and the temperature rise in the focal spot. The effects of the focal spot size and location, the laser power, and the bio-heat equation are investigated. Comparisons with collimated irradiation are conducted. The focused beam can penetrate a greater depth and produce higher temperature rise at the target area, and thus reduce the possibility of thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. It is ideal for killing cancerous cells and small tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun F, Chaney A, Anderson R, Aguilar G. Thermal modeling and experimental validation of human hair and skin heated by broadband light. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:161-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
43
|
van Nimwegen SA, L'Eplattenier HF, Rem AI, van der Lugt JJ, Kirpensteijn J. Nd:YAG surgical laser effects in canine prostate tissue: temperature and damage distribution. Phys Med Biol 2008; 54:29-44. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/1/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Hornung R, Fehr MK, Walt H, Wyss P, Berns MW, Tadir Y. PEG-m-THPC-mediated Photodynamic Effects on Normal Rat Tissues¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720696pmtmpe2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
45
|
Zhang R, Ramirez-San-Juan JC, Choi B, Jia W, Aguilar G, Kelly KM, Nelson JS. Thermal responses of ex vivo human skin during multiple cryogen spurts and 1,450 nm laser pulses. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 38:137-41. [PMID: 16493678 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during laser dermatologic surgery, concern has been expressed that CSC may induce cryo-injury. The objective of this study is to measure temperature variations at the epidermal-dermal junction in ex vivo human skin during three clinically relevant multiple cryogen spurt-laser pulse sequences (MCS-LPS). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The epidermis of ex vivo human skin was separated from the dermis and a thin-foil thermocouple (13 microm thickness) was inserted between the two layers. Thermocouple depth and epidermal thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Skin specimens were preheated to 30 degrees C before the MCS-LPS were initiated. Three MCS-LPS patterns, with total cryogen spray times of 38, 30, and 25 milliseconds respectively, were applied to the specimens in combination with laser fluences of 10 and 14 J/cm(2), while the thermocouple recorded the temperature changes at the epidermal-dermal junction. RESULTS The thermocouple effectively recorded fast temperature changes during three MCS-LPS patterns. The lowest temperatures measured corresponded to the sequences with longer pre-cooling cryogen spurts. No sub-zero temperatures were measured for any of the MCS-LPS patterns under study. CONCLUSIONS The three clinically relevant MCS-LPS patterns evaluated in this study do not cause sub-zero temperatures in ex vivo human skin at the epidermal-dermal junction and, therefore, are unlikely to cause significant cryogen induced epidermal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 92612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Davidson SRH, Vitkin IA, Sherar MD, Whelan WM. Characterization of measurement artefacts in fluoroptic temperature sensors: Implications for laser thermal therapy at 810 nm. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 36:297-306. [PMID: 15786482 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fluoroptic sensors are used to measure interstitial temperatures but their utility for monitoring laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is unclear because these sensors exhibit a measurement artefact when exposed to the near-infrared (NIR) treatment light. This study investigates the cause of the artefact to determine whether fluoroptic sensors can provide reliable temperature measurements during LITT. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The temperature rise measured by a fluoroptic sensor irradiated in non-absorbing media (air and water) was considered an artefact. Temperature rise was measured as a function of distance from a laser source. Two different sensor designs and several laser powers were investigated. A relationship between fluence rate and measurement artefact in water was determined and coupled with a numerical simulation of LITT in liver to estimate the error in temperature measurements made by fluoroptic sensors in tissue in proximity to the laser source. The effect of ambient light on the performance of sensors capped with a transparent material ("clear-capped sensors") was also investigated. RESULTS The temperature rise recorded in air by both clear- and black-capped fluoroptic sensors decreased with distance from a laser source in a manner similar to fluence rate. Sensor cap material, laser power, and the thermal properties of the surrounding medium affected the magnitude of the artefact. Numerical simulations indicated that the accuracy of a clear-capped fluoroptic sensor used to monitor a typical LITT treatment in liver is > 1 degrees C provided the sensor is further than approximately 3 mm from the source. It was also shown that clear-capped fluoroptic sensors are affected by ambient light. CONCLUSIONS The measurement artefact experienced by both black-capped and clear-capped fluoroptic sensors irradiated by NIR light scales with fluence rate and is due to direct absorption of the laser light, which results in sensor self-heating. Clear-capped fluoroptic sensors can be used to accurately monitor LITT in tissue but should be shielded from ambient light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R H Davidson
- Division of Medical Physics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chin LC, Wilson BC, Whelan WM, Vitkin IA. Radiance-based monitoring of the extent of tissue coagulation during laser interstitial thermal therapy. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:959-961. [PMID: 15143640 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical monitoring relates the dynamic changes in measured light intensity to the extent of treatment-induced coagulation that occurs during laser interstitial thermal therapy. We utilized a two-region Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the nature of the changes in interstitial radiance and fluence that result from the formation of a volume of thermal coagulation surrounding a cylindrical emitter. Using simulation results, we demonstrate that radiance sensors are more sensitive than traditional fluence sensors to coagulation-induced scattering changes. Radiance measurements take advantage of directional detection angles that are more receptive to the onset and passing of the coagulation boundary. We performed experiments with albumen phantoms to demonstrate the practicality of the radiance method for monitoring interstitial laser thermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee C Chin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Salas N, Manns F, Milne PJ, Denham DB, Minhaj AM, Parel JM, Robinson DS. Thermal analysis of laser interstitial thermotherapy inex vivofibro-fatty tissue using exponential functions. Phys Med Biol 2004; 49:1609-24. [PMID: 15152919 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/49/9/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic procedure to treat small, surface breast tumours up to 10 mm in radius plus a 5 mm margin of healthy, surrounding tissue using laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is currently being investigated. The purpose of this study is to analyse and model the thermal and coagulative response of ex vivo fibro-fatty tissue, a model for breast tissue, during experimental laser interstitial thermotherapy at 980 nm. Laser radiation at 980 nm was delivered interstitially through a diffusing tip optical fibre inserted into a fibro-fatty tissue model to produce controlled heating at powers ranging from 3.2 to 8.0 W. Tissue temperature was measured with thermocouples placed at 15 positions around the fibre. The induced coagulation zone was measured on gross anatomical sections. Thermal analysis indicates that a finite sum of exponential functions is an approximate solution to the heat conduction equation that more accurately predicts the time-temperature dependence in tissue prior to carbonization (T < 100 degrees C) during LITT than the traditional model using a single exponential function. Analysis of the ellipsoid coagulation volume induced in tissue indicates that the 980 nm wavelength does not penetrate deep enough in fibro-fatty tissue to produce a desired 30 mm diameter (14.1 x 10(3) mm3) coagulation volume without unwanted tissue liquefaction and carbonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Salas
- Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, PO Box 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Prudhomme M, Mattéi-Gazagnes M, Fabbro-Peray P, Puche P, Chabalier JP, Delacrétaz G, François-Michel LFM, Godlewski G. MRI thermodosimetry in laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 32:54-60. [PMID: 12516072 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between a thermal measurement and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal during laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) in liver. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Pig liver was irradiated for 15 minutes with a diode laser at two different powers, 0.5 W (450 J) and 1.5 W (1,350 J). Tissue temperature was monitored every 20 seconds using thermocouples. Thermosensitive MRI sequences (T(1)-weighted Turbo-Flash) were acquired with the same irradiation parameters. Correlation between MRI signals (SI) and temperature measures was defined at two different distances from the fiber (5 and 10 mm). RESULTS At 0.5 W, temperatures rose progressively up to a maximum increase of 9.5 degrees C at 5 mm and 4 degrees C at 10 mm after 15 minutes. The corresponding MRI signal decreased progressively to -27.6 SI at 5 mm and -18.5 SI at 10 mm. At 1.5 W, temperatures rose dramatically at 5 mm, reaching a plateau. The temperature elevation measured at the end of the irradiation was of 30 degrees C whereas at 10 mm it was only 14.5 degrees C. The MRI signal varied accordingly, remaining inversely proportional to temperature (-76 SI at 5 mm and -35.5 SI at 10 mm). CONCLUSIONS An inversely proportional relationship was observed between MRI signal in sequential Turbo-Flash and temperature. MRI should allow to analyze heat diffusion in the liver, and thus to monitor real-time LITT treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Prudhomme
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive et de Cancérologie Digestive, rue du Pr R. Debré F30900 Nîmes, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Minhaj AM, Mann F, Milne PJ, Denham DB, Salas N, Nose I, Damgaard-Iversen K, Parel JM, Robinson DS. Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) monitoring using high-resolution digital mammography: theory and experimental studies. Phys Med Biol 2002; 47:2987-99. [PMID: 12222861 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/47/16/313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally-invasive laser hyperthermia procedure for the treatment of localized tumours. Real-time monitoring of LITT is essential to control the extent of tumour destruction and ensure safe and effective treatments. The feasibility of using high-resolution digital x-ray mammography to monitor LITT of breast cancer was evaluated. Tissue phantoms including polyacrylamide hydrogel and cadaver porcine tissue were heated using a 980 nm diode laser delivered through optical fibres with diffusing tips. Digital images of the tissue phantoms were recorded with a high-resolution digital stereotactic breast biopsy system during heating. The recorded images were processed and analysed to detect heat-induced changes. No changes were detected during heating of the hydrogel. Pixel-by-pixel subtraction of the initial image from images taken during laser heating shows observable thermally-induced changes around the fibre during laser irradiation that correlate with the thermal denaturation zone observed by gross anatomy. These experiments demonstrate that high-resolution digital x-ray mammography can be used to detect heat-induced tissue changes during experimental LITT in fibro-fatty tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Minhaj
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|