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Soares J, Eiras M, Ferreira D, Santos DAR, Relvas-Santos M, Santos B, Gonçalves M, Ferreira E, Vieira R, Afonso LP, Santos LL, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Lima L, Ferreira JA. Stool Glycoproteomics Signatures of Pre-Cancerous Lesions and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3722. [PMID: 38612533 PMCID: PMC11012158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening relies primarily on stool analysis to identify occult blood. However, its sensitivity for detecting precancerous lesions is limited, requiring the development of new tools to improve CRC screening. Carcinogenesis involves significant alterations in mucosal epithelium glycocalyx that decisively contribute to disease progression. Building on this knowledge, we examined patient series comprehending premalignant lesions, colorectal tumors, and healthy controls for the T-antigen-a short-chain O-glycosylation of proteins considered a surrogate marker of malignancy in multiple solid cancers. We found the T-antigen in the secretions of dysplastic lesions as well as in cancer. In CRC, T-antigen expression was associated with the presence of distant metastases. In parallel, we analyzed a broad number of stools from individuals who underwent colonoscopy, which showed high T expressions in high-grade dysplasia and carcinomas. Employing mass spectrometry-based lectin-affinity enrichment, we identified a total of 262 proteins, 67% of which potentially exhibited altered glycosylation patterns associated with cancer and advanced pre-cancerous lesions. Also, we found that the stool (glyco)proteome of pre-cancerous lesions is enriched for protein species involved in key biological processes linked to humoral and innate immune responses. This study offers a thorough analysis of the stool glycoproteome, laying the groundwork for harnessing glycosylation alterations to improve non-invasive cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Soares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Eiras
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela A. R. Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine (FMUP), University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
| | - Martina Gonçalves
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
| | - Renata Vieira
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luís Pedro Afonso
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FF-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine (FMUP), University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.S.); (M.E.); (D.F.); (D.A.R.S.); (M.R.-S.); (B.S.); (M.G.); (E.F.); (L.P.A.); (L.L.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
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Tati S, Fisk JC, Abdullah J, Karacosta L, Chrisikos T, Philbin P, Morey S, Ghazal D, Zazala F, Jessee J, Quataert S, Koury S, Moreno D, Eng JY, Glinsky VV, Glinskii OV, Sesay M, Gebhard AW, Birthare K, Olson JR, Rittenhouse-Olson K. Humanization of JAA-F11, a Highly Specific Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich Pancarcinoma Antibody and InVitro Efficacy Analysis. Neoplasia 2017; 19:716-733. [PMID: 28830009 PMCID: PMC5565633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
JAA-F11 is a highly specific mouse monoclonal to the Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen (TF-Ag) which is an alpha-O-linked disaccharide antigen on the surface of ~80% of human carcinomas, including breast, lung, colon, bladder, ovarian, and prostate cancers, and is cryptic on normal cells. JAA-F11 has potential, when humanized, for cancer immunotherapy for multiple cancer types. Humanization of JAA-F11, was performed utilizing complementarity determining regions grafting on a homology framework. The objective herein is to test the specificity, affinity and biology efficacy of the humanized JAA-F11 (hJAA-F11). Using a 609 target glycan array, 2 hJAA-F11 constructs were shown to have excellent chemical specificity, binding only to TF-Ag alpha-linked structures and not to TF-Ag beta-linked structures. The relative affinity of these hJAA-F11 constructs for TF-Ag was improved over the mouse antibody, while T20 scoring predicted low clinical immunogenicity. The hJAA-F11 constructs produced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in breast and lung tumor lines shown to express TF-Ag by flow cytometry. Internalization of hJAA-F11 into cancer cells was also shown using a surface binding ELISA and confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both the naked hJAA-F11 and a maytansine-conjugated antibody (hJAA-F11-DM1) suppressed in vivo tumor progression in a human breast cancer xenograft model in SCID mice. Together, our results support the conclusion that the humanized antibody to the TF-Ag has potential as an adjunct therapy, either directly or as part of an antibody drug conjugate, to treat breast cancer, including triple negative breast cancer which currently has no targeted therapy, as well as lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; For-Robin, Inc., Buffalo, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | | | - Taylor Chrisikos
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; For-Robin, Inc., Buffalo, NY.
| | - Padraic Philbin
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Susan Morey
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Koury
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - David Moreno
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Jing Ying Eng
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Vladislav V Glinsky
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| | - Olga V Glinskii
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| | | | | | | | - James R Olson
- For-Robin, Inc., Buffalo, NY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; For-Robin, Inc., Buffalo, NY.
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Duarte HO, Freitas D, Gomes C, Gomes J, Magalhães A, Reis CA. Mucin-Type O-Glycosylation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Biomolecules 2016; 6:E33. [PMID: 27409642 PMCID: PMC5039419 DOI: 10.3390/biom6030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation plays a crucial role in several physiological and pathological processes of the gastric tissue. Modifications in enzymes responsible for key glycosylation steps and the consequent abnormal biosynthesis and expression of their glycan products constitute well-established molecular hallmarks of disease state. This review addresses the major role played by mucins and associated O-glycan structures in Helicobacter pylori adhesion to the gastric mucosa and the subsequent establishment of a chronic infection, with concomitant drastic alterations of the gastric epithelium glycophenotype. Furthermore, alterations of mucin expression pattern and glycan signatures occurring in preneoplastic lesions and in gastric carcinoma are also described, as well as their impact throughout the gastric carcinogenesis cascade and in cancer progression. Altogether, mucin-type O-glycosylation alterations may represent promising biomarkers with potential screening and prognostic applications, as well as predictors of cancer patients' response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique O Duarte
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Freitas
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Gomes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - Joana Gomes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - Ana Magalhães
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - Celso A Reis
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal.
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Heimburg-Molinaro J, Lum M, Vijay G, Jain M, Almogren A, Rittenhouse-Olson K. Cancer vaccines and carbohydrate epitopes. Vaccine 2011; 29:8802-26. [PMID: 21964054 PMCID: PMC3208265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) result from the aberrant glycosylation that is seen with transformation to a tumor cell. The carbohydrate antigens that have been found to be tumor-associated include the mucin related Tn, Sialyl Tn, and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigens, the blood group Lewis related Lewis(Y), Sialyl Lewis(X) and Sialyl Lewis(A), and Lewis(X) (also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, SSEA-1), the glycosphingolipids Globo H and stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), the sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, the gangliosides GD2, GD3, GM2, fucosyl GM1, and Neu5GcGM3, and polysialic acid. Recent developments have furthered our understanding of the T-independent type II response that is seen in response to carbohydrate antigens. The selection of a vaccine target antigen is based on not only the presence of the antigen in a variety of tumor tissues but also on the role this antigen plays in tumor growth and metastasis. These roles for TACAs are being elucidated. Newly acquired knowledge in understanding the T-independent immune response and in understanding the key roles that carbohydrates play in metastasis are being applied in attempts to develop an effective vaccine response to TACAs. The role of each of the above mentioned carbohydrate antigens in cancer growth and metastasis and vaccine attempts using these antigens will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Lum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Geraldine Vijay
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Miten Jain
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Adel Almogren
- Department Of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department Of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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THERKILDSEN MARIANNEHAMILTON. Epithelial salivary gland tumours. An immunohistological and prognostic investigation. APMIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.1999.tb05379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Baldus SE, Engelmann K, Hanisch FG. MUC1 and the MUCs: A Family of Human Mucins with Impact in Cancer Biology. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 41:189-231. [PMID: 15270554 DOI: 10.1080/10408360490452040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucins represent a family of glycoproteins characterized by repeat domains and a dense O-glycosylation. During the last two decades, the gene and peptide structures of various mucins as well as their glycosylation states were partly elucidated. Characteristic tumor-associated alterations of the expression patterns and glycosylation profiles were observed in biochemical, immunochemical, and histological studies and are discussed in the light of efforts to use the most prominent member in this family, MUC1, as a tumor target in anti-tumor strategies. Within this context the present review, focusing on MUC1, describes recent work on the regulation of mucin biosynthesis by cytokines and hormones, the role of mucins in cell adhesion, and their interaction with the immune system. Important aspects of clinical diagnostics based on mucin antigens are discussed, including the application of tumor serum assays and the significance of numerous studies revealing correlations between the expression of peptide cores or mucin-associated carbohydrates and clinicopathological parameters like tumor progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology and Center of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins with complex oligosaccharide side chains attached to the apomucin protein backbone byO-glycosidic linkage; they are found in crude mucus gels that protect epithelial surfaces in the major tracts of the body and as transmembrane proteins expressed on the apical cell surface of glandular and ductal epithelia of various organs. Changes in the sequence of glycosylation of mucins in different settings generate a variety of epitopes in the oligosaccharide side chains of mucins, including newly expressed blood-group antigens, distinguishing between normal and diseased states. Tumour-associated epitopes on mucins and their antigenicity make them suitable as immunotargets on malignant epithelial cells and their secretions, creating a surge of interest in mucins as diagnostic and prognostic markers for various diseases, and even influencing the design of mucin-based vaccines. This review discusses the emerging roles of mucins such as MUC1 and MUC4 in cancer and some other diseases, and stresses how underglycosylated and truncated mucins are exploited as markers of disease and to monitor widespread metastasis, making them useful in patient management. Furthermore the type, pattern and amount of mucin secreted in some tissues have been considered in the classification and terminology of neoplasia and in specific organs such as the pancreas. These factors have been instrumental in pathological classification, diagnosis and prognostication of neoplasia.
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Chagpar A, Evelegh M, Fritsche HA, Krishnamurthy S, Hunt KK, Kuerer HM. Prospective evaluation of a novel approach for the use of a quantitative galactose oxidase-Schiff reaction in ductal fluid samples from women with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004; 100:2549-54. [PMID: 15197795 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The galactose oxidase-Schiff reaction (GOS) yields positive findings in a number of malignant solid tumors. The goals of the current study were to develop a novel technique for quantifying GOS reactivity in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) samples from women with invasive breast carcinoma and to assess the clinical utility of the technique in this setting. METHODS Patients with biopsy-proven unilateral invasive breast carcinoma were eligible for study entry. Before definitive surgery, NAF samples were obtained from healthy breast tissue and malignant breast tissue from 23 women with breast carcinoma. Under blind conditions with respect to clinical data, 10 microL NAF samples were applied to a glass fiber membrane and incubated with 100 microL galactose oxidase and 1 mL Schiff reagent. The stain was developed and the color reaction quantitated by measuring hue (shade) and chroma (intensity) using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS GOS reactivity was quantitated using two color parameters, hue and chroma. Because chroma varies with concentration, this measurement was adjusted for the concentration of NAF in each sample. After adjustment for NAF concentration, chroma was found to be statistically significantly different in the affected breast tissue sample and the healthy contralateral internal control sample (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A quantitative measure of GOS reactivity based on spectrophotometric measurement of intensity of color has been developed and was found to be significantly different in the affected breast compared with the unaffected breast in the current population of patients with breast carcinoma. The preliminary results support further exploration of this novel quantitative test in patients with breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Chagpar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Barresi G, Giuffrè G, Vitarelli E, Grosso M, Tuccari G. The immunoexpression of Tn, sialyl-Tn and T antigens in chronic active gastritis in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection. Pathology 2002. [PMID: 11523928 DOI: 10.1080/00313020126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens Tn, sialyl-Tn and T represent the mucin core oligosaccharide structures that are produced in the initial steps of mucin biosynthetic pathway. Utilising monoclonal antibodies anti-Tn antigen, anti-sialyl-Tn antigen and anti-T antigen, we have investigated the expression of the simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens in 47 biopsy specimens of antral mucosa with chronic active gastritis, 25 of which had Helicobacter pylori infection. The Tn immunoreactivity, localised at the supranuclear region of surface and glandular mucous cells, was observed in all samples, independently from H. pylori status. The sialyl-Tn antigen, mainly localised in the cytoplasm of glandular mucous cells and in goblet cells vacuoles, was seen in 56% of the cases with H. pylori infection and in 41% of the cases in the H. pylori-negative group. In addition, the T antigen was found in the cytoplasm of surface and glandular mucous cells in 16% of the H. pylori-positive group, whereas the percentage of positive cases was reduced to 5% in H. pylori-negative patients, with an exclusive localisation in the cytoplasm of glandular mucous cells; after neuraminidase treatment, the percentage of T antigen-positive cases was increased to 28% in H. pylori-positive cases and to 27% in negative cases. No significant relationships between H. pylori infection and Tn, sialyl-Tn or T antigen immunoexpression were encountered in our cases. Therefore, we maintain that the inflammatory infiltrate may itself play an important role in the expression of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens in chronic active antral gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barresi
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.
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Baldus SE, Hanisch FG. Biochemistry and pathological importance of mucin-associated antigens in gastrointestinal neoplasia. Adv Cancer Res 2000; 79:201-48. [PMID: 10818682 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(00)79007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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Lee WJ, Shun CT, Hong RL, Wu MS, Chang KJ, Chen KM. Overexpression of p53 predicts shorter survival in diffuse type gastric cancer. Br J Surg 1998; 85:1138-42. [PMID: 9718015 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that p53 plays an important part in gastric carcinogenesis but the data remain inconclusive. METHODS Alteration of the tumour suppressor gene p53 was prospectively investigated by immunohistochemistry in 168 primary gastric cancers. RESULTS Positive staining, indicative of gene mutations, was detected in 34 tumours (20.2 per cent). No correlation was observed between expression of p53 and various clinicopathological factors, including age, sex, tumour site, gross type, tumour size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, and tumour node metastasis stage. However, p53 overexpression was different between intestinal and diffuse type gastric cancer. Survival analysis revealed a significant survival disadvantage of p53 expression in diffuse type gastric cancer (P=0.039) but not in the intestinal type. Multivariate analysis of all 168 patients revealed that independent predictors of recurrent disease included age, invasion depth and nodal involvement but not p53 expression. CONCLUSION The presence of p53 overexpression may identify a subset of more aggressive tumours with a poor prognosis in diffuse type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
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Kanitakis J, al-Rifai I, Faure M, Claudy A. Differential expression of the cancer associated antigens T (Thomsen-Friedenreich) and Tn to the skin in primary and metastatic carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 1998; 51:588-92. [PMID: 9828816 PMCID: PMC500850 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.51.8.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the immunohistochemical expression of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T) and its precursor, Tn, in the skin in various cancers. METHODS T and Tn antigens were studied with monoclonal antibodies in 91 primary premalignant and malignant lesions, 13 cases of Paget's disease, and 26 carcinomas metastatic to the skin. The material had been collected over a 10 year period, formalin fixed, and paraffin embedded. Diagnoses had been made after examination of standard histological sections, supplemented when needed by appropriate immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS 21% and 29% of the primary cutaneous premalignant and malignant epithelial tumours expressed the Tn and T antigens, respectively. By contrast, 81% of metastatic carcinomas to the skin were Tn positive, while only 23% of them expressed the T antigen. All cases of Paget's disease were Tn positive but only 15% of them expressed the T antigen. The 21 nonepithelial tumours (including melanomas) were as a rule unreactive. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of the precursor (Tn) antigen in tumours metastasising to the skin highlights the incomplete glycosylation of carbohydrate antigens occurring in these tumours. The predominant Tn versus T antigen expression appears to be a useful immunohistochemical feature which may aid in the differentiation of primary cutaneous carcinomas from metastatic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Eduoard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Baldus SE, Zirbes TK, Engel S, Hanisch FG, Mönig SP, Lorenzen J, Glossmann J, Fromm S, Thiele J, Pichlmaier H, Dienes HP. Correlation of the immunohistochemical reactivity of mucin peptide cores MUC1 and MUC2 with the histopathological subtype and prognosis of gastric carcinomas. Int J Cancer 1998; 79:133-8. [PMID: 9583726 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980417)79:2<133::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucin peptide core antigens in gastric carcinomas was studied by immunohistochemistry to determine correlations with TNM stage and histo-pathological classifications as well as a possible prognostic impact. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 128 gastric carcinomas with a minimal follow-up of 5 years were immunostained. In addition to a polyclonal antiserum generated against polymorphic epithelial mucin (MUC1) from human milk, 2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), HMFG2 (anti-MUC1) and 4FI (anti-MUC2), were applied. Reactivity of carcinomas was correlated with the classifications of the UICC (TNM), WHO and Laurén. Correlations with overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan and Meier product limit method. MUC1 immunoreactivity was associated with an advanced pTNM stage. The demonstration of both mucin species (MUC1, MUC2) displayed a statistically significant correlation with tubular/papillary vs. signet-ring cell differentiation as well as with intestinal-type vs. diffuse-type of tumor growth according to Laurén. In particular, MUC2 was only rarely detectable in signet-ring cell and diffuse-type tumors. MUC1 correlated with poor prognosis in all cases and the subgroup of stage I tumors. According to the histopathological classifications, a similar result was observed in signet-ring cell and diffuse-type carcinomas. In contrast, MUC2 reactivity was associated with a favourable prognosis of intestinal-type carcinomas. In the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa, both peptide cores were recognized in the superficial epithelium, whereas parietal cells contained only MUC1, and intestinal metaplasia almost exclusively MUC2 antigens. We conclude that the mucin peptide core antigens are suitable markers for the tubule-rich gastric carcinomas, which may in part be derived from intestinal metaplasia. In addition, MUC1 may exert a prognostic relevance and appears to be involved in the progression of diffuse-type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany
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Therkildsen MH, Andersen LJ, Christensen M, Hansen HS, Schiødt T, Dabelsteen E. Salivary gland carcinomas: prognostic significance of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens. Oral Oncol 1998; 34:44-51. [PMID: 9659519 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(97)00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of salivary gland carcinomas is difficult to assess. Simple mucin-type carbohydrates (T and sialosyl-T antigens, Tn and sialosyl-Tn antigens) have been shown to be of value in predicting prognosis for carcinomas in other locations. We studied the prognostic significance of the expression of these structures in a retrospective study of 133 patients with salivary gland carcinomas, using immunohistochemistry and a panel of well-defined monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Sialosyl-Tn, T and sialosyl-T antigens were not correlated with prognosis. Univariate analyses showed no overall difference in survival or locoregional control between patients with Tn-positive and patients with Tn-negative tumours, but indicated that expression of the Tn antigen was associated with early locoregional recurrences and deaths. Tn was, however, not an independent prognostic factor by multivariate regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Therkildsen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chung
- First Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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