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Wang HC, Li L, Zhang JH, Yao ZH, Pang BP. MicroRNA miR-7-5p targets MARK2 to control metamorphosis in Galeruca daurica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 272:110967. [PMID: 38521445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The MARK2 gene, coding microtubule affinity-regulating kinase or serine/threonine protein kinase, is an important modulator in organism microtubule generation and cell polarity. However, its role in the metamorphosis of insects remains unknown. In this study, we found a conserved miRNA, miR-7-5p, which targets MARK2 to participate in the regulation of the larval-pupal metamorphosis in Galeruca daurica. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-7-5p interacted with the 3' UTR of MARK2 and repressed its expression. The expression profiling of miR-7-5p and MARK2 displayed an opposite trend during the larval-adult development process. In in-vivo experiments, overexpression of miR-7-5p by injecting miR-7-5p agomir in the final instar larvae down-regulated MARK2 and up-regulated main ecdysone signaling pathway genes including E74, E75, ECR, FTZ-F1 and HR3, which was similar to the results from knockdown of MARK2 by RNAi. In contrast, repression of miR-7-5p by injecting miR-7-5p antagomir obtained opposite effects. Notably, both overexpression and repression of miR-7-5p in the final instar larvae caused abnormal molting and high mortality during the larval-pupal transition, and high mortality during the pupal-adult transition. The 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) injection experiment showed that 20E up-regulated miR-7-5p whereas down-regulated MARK2. This study reveals that the accurate regulation of miRNAs and their target genes is indispensable for insect metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Wang
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing-Hang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Plant Protection and Quarantine, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhi-Han Yao
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao-Ping Pang
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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2
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Zhai B, Meng YM, Xie SC, Peng JJ, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Wang L, Zhang J, He JJ. iTRAQ-Based Phosphoproteomic Analysis Exposes Molecular Changes in the Small Intestinal Epithelia of Cats after Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3537. [PMID: 38003154 PMCID: PMC10668779 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, has the ability to invade and proliferate within most nucleated cells. The invasion and destruction of host cells by T. gondii lead to significant changes in the cellular signal transduction network. One important post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, which plays a crucial role in cell signal transmission. In this study, we aimed to investigate how T. gondii regulates signal transduction in definitive host cells. We employed titanium dioxide (TiO2) affinity chromatography to enrich phosphopeptides in the small intestinal epithelia of cats at 10 days post-infection with the T. gondii Prugniuad (Pru) strain and quantified them using iTRAQ technology. A total of 4998 phosphopeptides, 3497 phosphorylation sites, and 1805 phosphoproteins were identified. Among the 705 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPs), 68 were down-regulated and 637 were up-regulated. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the DE phosphoproteins were involved in various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell necroptosis, and MHC immune processes. Our findings confirm that T. gondii infection leads to extensive changes in the phosphorylation of proteins in the cat intestinal epithelial cells. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the interaction between T. gondii and its definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharma-Ceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yu-Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.-M.M.); (J.-J.P.)
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.-C.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Jun-Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.-M.M.); (J.-J.P.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Yanhua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharma-Ceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.-C.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharma-Ceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jun-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Dugan MP, Ferguson LB, Hertz NT, Chalkley RJ, Burlingame AL, Shokat KM, Parker PJ, Messing RO. Chemical Genetic Identification of PKC Epsilon Substrates in Mouse Brain. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100522. [PMID: 36863607 PMCID: PMC10105488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PKC epsilon (PKCε) plays important roles in behavioral responses to alcohol and in anxiety-like behavior in rodents, making it a potential drug target for reducing alcohol consumption and anxiety. Identifying signals downstream of PKCε could reveal additional targets and strategies for interfering with PKCε signaling. We used a chemical genetic screen combined with mass spectrometry to identify direct substrates of PKCε in mouse brain and validated findings for 39 of them using peptide arrays and in vitro kinase assays. Prioritizing substrates with several public databases such as LINCS-L1000, STRING, GeneFriends, and GeneMAINA predicted interactions between these putative substrates and PKCε and identified substrates associated with alcohol-related behaviors, actions of benzodiazepines, and chronic stress. The 39 substrates could be broadly classified in three functional categories: cytoskeletal regulation, morphogenesis, and synaptic function. These results provide a list of brain PKCε substrates, many of which are novel, for future investigation to determine the role of PKCε signaling in alcohol responses, anxiety, responses to stress, and other related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dugan
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Laura B Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert J Chalkley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter J Parker
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert O Messing
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Proteomics as a Tool for the Study of Mitochondrial Proteome, Its Dysfunctionality and Pathological Consequences in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054692. [PMID: 36902123 PMCID: PMC10003354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is on the proteomic approaches applied to the study of the qualitative/quantitative changes in mitochondrial proteins that are related to impaired mitochondrial function and consequently different types of pathologies. Proteomic techniques developed in recent years have created a powerful tool for the characterization of both static and dynamic proteomes. They can detect protein-protein interactions and a broad repertoire of post-translation modifications that play pivotal roles in mitochondrial regulation, maintenance and proper function. Based on accumulated proteomic data, conclusions can be derived on how to proceed in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, this article will present an overview of the recently published proteomic papers that deal with the regulatory roles of post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins and specifically with cardiovascular diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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5
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Specific phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2c by extracellular signal-regulated kinase reduces interactions at its Pro-rich regions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102384. [PMID: 35987383 PMCID: PMC9520037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is an important neuronal target of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) involved in Raf signaling pathways, but mechanistic details of MAP2 phosphorylation are unclear. Here, we used NMR spectroscopy to quantitatively describe the kinetics of phosphorylation of individual serines and threonines in the embryonic MAP2 variant MAP2c. We carried out real-time monitoring of phosphorylation to discover major phosphorylation sites that were not identified in previous studies relying on specific antibodies. Our comparison with phosphorylation of MAP2c by a model cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 and with phosphorylation of the MAP2c homolog Tau revealed differences in phosphorylation profiles that explain specificity of regulation of biological functions of MAP2c and Tau. To probe the molecular basis of the regulatory effect of ERK2, we investigated the interactions of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated MAP2c by NMR with single-residue resolution. As ERK2 phosphorylates mostly outside the regions binding microtubules, we studied the binding of proteins other than tubulin, namely regulatory subunit RIIα of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), adaptor protein Grb2, Src homology domain 3 of tyrosine kinases Fyn and Abl, and ERK2 itself. We found ERK2 phosphorylation interfered mostly with binding to proline-rich regions of MAP2c. Furthermore, our NMR experiments in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lysates showed that the kinetics of dephosphorylation are compatible with in-cell NMR studies and that residues targeted by ERK2 and PKA are efficiently phosphorylated in the cell lysates. Taken together, our results provide a deeper characterization of MAP2c phosphorylation and its effects on interactions with other proteins.
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6
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Li L, Feng Y, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Ren J, Sun C, Li S, Lei X, Luo G, Hu J, Huang Y. Microtubule associated protein 4 phosphorylation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of podocyte leads to proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:115. [PMID: 35902952 PMCID: PMC9331595 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves various structural and functional changes because of chronic glycemic assault and kidney failure. Proteinuria is an early clinical manifestation of DN, but the associated pathogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation (p-MAP4) in proteinuria in DN and its possible mechanisms. METHODS In this study, the urine samples of diabetic patients and kidney tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were obtained to detect changes of p-MAP4. A murine model of hyperphosphorylated MAP4 was established to examine the effect of MAP4 phosphorylation in DN. Podocyte was applied to explore changes of kidney phenotypes and potential mechanisms with multiple methods. RESULTS Our results demonstrated elevated content of p-MAP4 in diabetic patients' urine samples, and increased kidney p-MAP4 in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, p-MAP4 triggered proteinuria with aging in mice, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in podocytes. Additionally, p-MAP4 mice were much more susceptible to STZ treatment and showed robust DN pathology as compared to wild-type mice. In vitro study revealed high glucose (HG) triggered elevation of p-MAP4, rearrangement of microtubules and F-actin filaments with enhanced cell permeability, accompanied with dedifferentiation and apoptosis of podocytes. These effects were significantly reinforced by MAP4 hyperphosphorylation, and were rectified by MAP4 dephosphorylation. Notably, pretreatment of p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reinstated all HG-induced pathological alterations. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated a novel role for p-MAP4 in causing proteinuria in DN. Our results indicated the therapeutic potential of MAP4 in protecting against proteinuria and related diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhai Feng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shujing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China. .,Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the advancement of modern technology, the role(s) of microtubules in the pathogenesis of heart disease has become increasingly apparent, though currently there are limited treatments targeting microtubule-relevant mechanisms. Here, we review the functions of microtubules in the cardiovascular system and their specific adaptive and pathological phenotypes in cardiac disorders. We further explore the use of microtubule-targeting drugs and highlight promising druggable therapeutic targets for the future treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Warner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China (Y.L.)
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
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8
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Karki P, Birukova AA. Microtubules as Major Regulators of Endothelial Function: Implication for Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758313. [PMID: 34777018 PMCID: PMC8582326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been attributed as one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients, a global pandemic that has already caused over 4 million deaths worldwide. The dysfunction of endothelial barrier is characterized by an increase in endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses, and has even broader implications in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syndromes such as ARDS, sepsis and chronic illnesses represented by pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The structural integrity of endothelial barrier is maintained by cytoskeleton elements, cell-substrate focal adhesion and adhesive cell junctions. Agonist-mediated changes in endothelial permeability are directly associated with reorganization of actomyosin cytoskeleton leading to cell contraction and opening of intercellular gaps or enhancement of cortical actin cytoskeleton associated with strengthening of endothelial barrier. The role of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial barrier regulation has taken the central stage, but the impact of microtubules in this process remains less explored and under-appreciated. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between microtubules dynamics and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, describe the signaling mechanisms mediating this crosstalk, discuss epigenetic regulation of microtubules stability and its nexus with endothelial barrier maintenance, and overview a role of microtubules in targeted delivery of signaling molecules regulating endothelial permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Li L, Zhang Q, Lei X, Huang Y, Hu J. MAP4 as a New Candidate in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1044. [PMID: 32982783 PMCID: PMC7479186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, and hypoxic/ischemic related heart dysfunction. Microtubule dynamics instability leads to disrupted cell homeostasis and cell shape, decreased cell survival, and aberrant cell division and cell cycle, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to abnormal metabolism and calcium flux, increased cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation, both of which causing cell and tissue dysfunction followed by CVDs. A cytosolic skeleton protein, microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), belonging to the family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), is widely expressed in non-neural cells and possesses an important role in microtubule dynamics. Increased MAP4 phosphorylation results in microtubule instability. In addition, MAP4 also expresses in mitochondria and reveals a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Phosphorylated MAP4 promotes mitochondrial apoptosis, followed by cardiac injury. The aim of the present review is to highlight the novel role of MAP4 as a potential candidate in multiple cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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10
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Gorantla N, Landge VG, Nagaraju PG, Priyadarshini CG P, Balaraman E, Chinnathambi S. Molecular Cobalt(II) Complexes for Tau Polymerization in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16702-16714. [PMID: 31646215 PMCID: PMC6796896 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an axonal protein known to form abnormal aggregates and is the biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Metal-based therapeutics for inhibition of Tau aggregation is limited and rarely reported in contemporary science. Here, we report the first example of rationally designed molecular cobalt(II)-complexes for effective inhibition of Tau and disaggregation of preformed Tau fibrils. The mechanistic studies reveal that prevention of Tau aggregation by cobalt-based metal complexes (CBMCs) is concentration-dependent and Tau seldom exhibits conformational changes. Interestingly, CBMCs play dual role in causing disassembly of preformed aggregates as well as inhibition of complete Tau aggregation. Furthermore, CBMCs were nontoxic and maintained the tubulin network intact. CBMCs also prevented okadaic acid-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells thus, preventing hyperphosphorylation of Tau. We believe that this unprecedented finding by the newly developed molecular complexes has a potential toward metal-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini
Vijay Gorantla
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Vinod G. Landge
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Pramod Gudigenahally Nagaraju
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
- Department
of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, 570020 Mysore, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini CG
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
- Department
of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, 570020 Mysore, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology
Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
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11
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Logan CM, Menko AS. Microtubules: Evolving roles and critical cellular interactions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1240-1254. [PMID: 31387376 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219867296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal elements known as drivers of directed cell migration, vesicle and organelle trafficking, and mitosis. In this review, we discuss new research in the lens that has shed light into further roles for stable microtubules in the process of development and morphogenesis. In the lens, as well as other systems, distinct roles for characteristically dynamic microtubules and stabilized populations are coming to light. Understanding the mechanisms of microtubule stabilization and the associated microtubule post-translational modifications is an evolving field of study. Appropriate cellular homeostasis relies on not only one cytoskeletal element, but also rather an interaction between cytoskeletal proteins as well as other cellular regulators. Microtubules are key integrators with actin and intermediate filaments, as well as cell–cell junctional proteins and other cellular regulators including myosin and RhoGTPases to maintain this balance.Impact statementThe role of microtubules in cellular functioning is constantly expanding. In this review, we examine new and exciting fields of discovery for microtubule’s involvement in morphogenesis, highlight our evolving understanding of differential roles for stabilized versus dynamic subpopulations, and further understanding of microtubules as a cellular integrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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12
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Le Large TYS, El Hassouni B, Funel N, Kok B, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Olive KP, Kazemier G, van Laarhoven HWM, Jimenez CR, Bijlsma MF, Giovannetti E. Proteomic analysis of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells reveals that microtubule-associated protein 2 upregulation associates with taxane treatment. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919841233. [PMID: 31205498 PMCID: PMC6535709 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919841233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemoresistance hampers the treatment of patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we aimed to evaluate the (phospho)proteome of gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells to identify novel therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers. Methods: The oncogenic capabilities of gemcitabine-sensitive and resistant PDAC cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Cultured cells were analyzed by label-free proteomics. Differential proteins and phosphopeptides were evaluated by gene ontology and for their predictive or prognostic biomarker potential with immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays. Results: Gemcitabine-resistant cells had increased potential to induce xenograft tumours (p value < 0.001). Differential analyses showed that proteins associated with gemcitabine resistance are correlated with microtubule regulation. Indeed, gemcitabine-resistant cells displayed an increased sensitivity for paclitaxel in vitro (p < 0.001) and nab-paclitaxel had a strong anti-tumour efficacy in vivo. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) was found to be highly upregulated (p = 0.002, fold change = 10) and phosphorylated in these resistant cells. Expression of MAP2 was correlated with a poorer overall survival in patients treated with gemcitabine in the palliative (p = 0.037) and adjuvant setting (p = 0.014). Conclusions: These data show an explanation as to why the combination of gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel is effective in PDAC patients. The identified gemcitabine-resistance marker, MAP2, emerged as a novel prognostic marker in PDAC patients treated with gemcitabine and warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Ya Sung Le Large
- Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsLEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsCancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC-Start-Up, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Btissame El Hassouni
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niccola Funel
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC-Start-Up, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bart Kok
- Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Li L, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Hu J. Cardiac proteomics reveals the potential mechanism of microtubule associated protein 4 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 30906793 PMCID: PMC6410511 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Our previous work suggested that microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation led to mitochondrial dysfunction in MAP4 phosphorylation mutant mice with cardiomyopathy, but the detailed mechanism was still unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism involved in mitochondrial dysfunction responsible for cardiomyopathy. Methods The present study was conducted to explore the potential mechanism underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction driven by MAP4 phosphorylation. Strain of mouse that mimicked constant MAP4 phosphorylation (S737 and S760) was generated. The isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis was applied to the heart tissue. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were all analyzed on the basis of differential expressed proteins (DEPs). Results Among the 72 cardiac DEPs detected between the two genotypes of mice, 12 were upregulated and 60 were downregulated. GO analysis showed the biological process, molecular function, and cellular component of DEPs, and KEGG enrichment analysis linked DEPs to 96 different biochemical pathways. In addition, the PPI network was also extended on the basis of DEPs as the seed proteins. Three proteins, including mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NF-κB 1, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial and growth arrest, and DNA-damage-inducible proteins-interacting protein 1, which play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial function, may correlate with MAP4 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blot was used to validate the expression of the three proteins, which was consistent with iTRAQ experiments. Conclusions These findings revealed that the DEPs caused by MAP4 phosphorylation in heart tissue using iTRAQ technique and may provide clues to uncover the potential mechanism of MAP4 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41038-019-0146-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- 1Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- 1Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- 1Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- 1Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- 2Endocrinology Department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 China
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14
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Design and development of Isatin-triazole hydrazones as potential inhibitors of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 for the therapeutic management of cell proliferation and metastasis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:840-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Mueed Z, Tandon P, Maurya SK, Deval R, Kamal MA, Poddar NK. Tau and mTOR: The Hotspots for Multifarious Diseases in Alzheimer's Development. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1017. [PMID: 30686983 PMCID: PMC6335350 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and the overexpression of mTOR are considered to be the driving force behind Aβ plaques and Neurofibrillay Tangles (NFT's), hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is now evident that miscellaneous diseases such as Diabetes, Autoimmune diseases, Cancer, etc. are correlated with AD. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the causes of AD and investigated the association of tau and mTOR with other diseases. We have discussed the role of insulin deficiency in diabetes, activated microglial cells, and dysfunction of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Autoimmune diseases, Presenilin 1 in skin cancer, increased reactive species in mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated Cyclins/CDKs in promoting AD pathogenesis. We have also discussed the possible therapeutics for AD such as GSK3 inactivation therapy, Rechaperoning therapy, Immunotherapy, Hormonal therapy, Metal chelators, Cell cycle therapy, γ-secretase modulators, and Cholinesterase and BACE 1-inhibitors which are thought to serve a major role in combating pathological changes coupled with AD. Recent research about the relationship between mTOR and aging and hepatic Aβ degradation offers possible targets to effectively target AD. Future prospects of AD aims at developing novel drugs and modulators that can potentially improve cell to cell signaling, prevent Aβ plaques formation, promote better release of neurotransmitters and prevent hyperphosphorylation of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Mueed
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, India
| | - Pallavi Tandon
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Ravi Deval
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
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Li L, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang X, Ren J, Jia J, Zhang D, Jiang X, Zhang J, Mei H, Chen B, Hu J, Huang Y. Microtubule associated protein 4 phosphorylation leads to pathological cardiac remodeling in mice. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:221-235. [PMID: 30327268 PMCID: PMC6286641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac remodeling is a pathophysiological process that involves various changes in heart, including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cardiac remodeling following pathological stimuli is common trigger leading to cardiac maladaptation and onset of heart failure, and their pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods Heart specimens of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients, myocardial infarction (MI) and transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse models were collected to determine changes of microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation. MAP4 (S667A, S737E and S760E) knock in (MAP4 KI) mouse and cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts were used to investigate changes of cardiac phenotypes and possible mechanisms with a variety of approaches, including functional, histocytological and pathological observations. Findings Elevated cardiac phosphorylation of MAP4 (S737 and S760) was observed in TOF patients, MI and TAC mouse models. In MAP4 KI mice, age-dependent cardiac phenotypes, including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic and systolic dysfunction were observed. In addition, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis together with microtubule disassembly and mitochondrial translocation of phosphorylated MAP4 was detected prior to the onset of cardiac remodeling, and p38/MAPK was demonstrated to be the possible signaling pathway that mediated MAP4 (S737 and S760) phosphorylation. Interpretation Our data reveal for the first time that MAP4 drives pathological cardiac remodeling through its phosphorylation. These findings bear the therapeutic potential to ameliorate pathological cardiac remodeling by attenuating MAP4 phosphorylation. Fund This work was supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81430042) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81671913).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT, USA
| | - Bing Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Annadurai N, Agrawal K, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Das V. Microtubule affinity-regulating kinases are potential druggable targets for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4159-4169. [PMID: 28634681 PMCID: PMC11107647 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects normal functions of the brain. Currently, AD is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and the only one of the top ten diseases without a means to prevent, cure, or significantly slow down its progression. Therefore, newer therapeutic concepts are urgently needed to improve survival and the quality of life of AD patients. Microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs) regulate tau-microtubule binding and play a crucial role in neurons. However, their role in hyperphosphorylation of tau makes them potential druggable target for AD therapy. Despite the relevance of MARKs in AD pathogenesis, only a few small molecules are known to have anti-MARK activity and not much has been done to progress these compounds into therapeutic candidates. But given the diverse role of MARKs, the specificity of novel inhibitors is imperative for their successful translation from bench to bedside. In this regard, a recent co-crystal structure of MARK4 in association with a pyrazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor offers a potential scaffold for the development of more specific MARK inhibitors. In this manuscript, we review the biological role of MARKs in health and disease, and draw attention to the largely unexplored area of MARK inhibitors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Khushboo Agrawal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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18
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Ramkumar A, Jong BY, Ori-McKenney KM. ReMAPping the microtubule landscape: How phosphorylation dictates the activities of microtubule-associated proteins. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:138-155. [PMID: 28980356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were originally identified based on their co-purification with microtubules assembled from mammalian brain lysate. They have since been found to perform a range of functions involved in regulating the dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Most of these MAPs play integral roles in microtubule organization during neuronal development, microtubule remodeling during neuronal activity, and microtubule stabilization during neuronal maintenance. As a result, mutations in MAPs contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. MAPs are post-translationally regulated by phosphorylation depending on developmental time point and cellular context. Phosphorylation can affect the microtubule affinity, cellular localization, or overall function of a particular MAP and can thus have profound implications for neuronal health. Here we review MAP1, MAP2, MAP4, MAP6, MAP7, MAP9, tau, and DCX, and how each is regulated by phosphorylation in neuronal physiology and disease. Developmental Dynamics 247:138-155, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ramkumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Brigette Y Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
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19
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Peng M, Zhang C, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Nakazawa H, Kaneki M, Zheng H, Shen Y, Marcantonio ER, Xie Z. Battery of behavioral tests in mice to study postoperative delirium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29874. [PMID: 27435513 PMCID: PMC4951688 DOI: 10.1038/srep29874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and cost. However, its neuropathogenesis remains largely unknown, partially owing to lack of animal model(s). We therefore set out to employ a battery of behavior tests, including natural and learned behavior, in mice to determine the effects of laparotomy under isoflurane anesthesia (Anesthesia/Surgery) on these behaviors. The mice were tested at 24 hours before and at 6, 9 and 24 hours after the Anesthesia/Surgery. Composite Z scores were calculated. Cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of mitochondria permeability transient pore, was used to determine potential mitochondria-associated mechanisms of these behavioral changes. Anesthesia/Surgery selectively impaired behaviors, including latency to eat food in buried food test, freezing time and time spent in the center in open field test, and entries and duration in the novel arm of Y maze test, with acute onset and various timecourse. The composite Z scores quantitatively demonstrated the Anesthesia/Surgery-induced behavior impairment in mice. Cyclosporine A selectively ameliorated the Anesthesia/Surgery-induced reduction in ATP levels, the increases in latency to eat food, and the decreases in entries in the novel arm. These findings suggest that we could use a battery of behavior tests to establish a mouse model to study postoperative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
| | - Ce Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
| | - Harumasa Nakazawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Edward R. Marcantonio
- Divisions of General Medicine and Primary Care and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
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Kohtala S, Theilmann W, Suomi T, Wigren HK, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Elo LL, Rokka A, Rantamäki T. Brief Isoflurane Anesthesia Produces Prominent Phosphoproteomic Changes in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:749-56. [PMID: 27074656 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics are widely used in medical practice and experimental research, yet the neurobiological basis governing their effects remains obscure. We have here used quantitative phosphoproteomics to investigate the protein phosphorylation changes produced by a 30 min isoflurane anesthesia in the adult mouse hippocampus. Altogether 318 phosphorylation alterations in total of 237 proteins between sham and isoflurane anesthesia were identified. Many of the hit proteins represent primary pharmacological targets of anesthetics. However, findings also enlighten the role of several other proteins-implicated in various biological processes including neuronal excitability, brain energy homeostasis, synaptic plasticity and transmission, and microtubule function-as putative (secondary) targets of anesthetics. In particular, isoflurane increases glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser(9) residue and regulates the phosphorylation of multiple proteins downstream and upstream of this promiscuous kinase that regulate diverse biological functions. Along with confirmatory Western blot data for GSK3β and p44/42-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase; reduced phosphorylation of the activation loop), we observed increased phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) on residues (Thr(1620,1623)) that have been shown to render its dissociation from microtubules and alterations in microtubule stability. We further demonstrate that diverse anesthetics (sevoflurane, urethane, ketamine) produce essentially similar phosphorylation changes on GSK3β, p44/p42-MAPK, and MAP2 as observed with isoflurane. Altogether our study demonstrates the potential of quantitative phosphoproteomics to study the mechanisms of anesthetics (and other drugs) in the mammalian brain and reveals how already a relatively brief anesthesia produces pronounced phosphorylation changes in multiple proteins in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku
Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Wigren
- Institute
of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku
Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku
Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Killing Me Softly: Connotations to Unfolded Protein Response and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1805304. [PMID: 26881014 PMCID: PMC4736771 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1805304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the possible causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, underlying molecular mechanisms of this malfunction, possible causes and known consequences of APP, Aβ, and hyperphosphorylated tau presence in mitochondria, and the contribution of altered lipid metabolism (nonsterol isoprenoids) to pathological processes leading to increased formation and accumulation of the aforementioned hallmarks of AD. Abnormal protein folding and unfolded protein response seem to be the outcomes of impaired glycosylation due to metabolic disturbances in geranylgeraniol intermediary metabolism. The origin and consecutive fate of APP, Aβ, and tau are emphasized on intracellular trafficking apparently influenced by inaccurate posttranslational modifications. We hypothesize that incorrect intracellular processing of APP determines protein translocation to mitochondria in AD. Similarly, without obvious reasons, the passage of Aβ and tau to mitochondria is observed. APP targeted to mitochondria blocks the activity of protein translocase complex resulting in poor import of proteins central to oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, APP, Aβ, and neurofibrillary tangles of tau directly or indirectly impair mitochondrial biochemistry and bioenergetics, with concomitant generation of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Limited protective mechanisms are inadequate to prevent the free radical-mediated lesions. Finally, neuronal loss is observed in AD-affected brains typically by pathologic apoptosis.
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Colbert PL, Vermeer DW, Wieking BG, Lee JH, Vermeer PD. EphrinB1: novel microtubule associated protein whose expression affects taxane sensitivity. Oncotarget 2015; 6:953-68. [PMID: 25436983 PMCID: PMC4359267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are components of the cytoskeleton made up of polymerized alpha and beta tubulin dimers. MT structure and function must be maintained throughout the cell cycle to ensure proper execution of mitosis and cellular homeostasis. The protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN13, localizes to distinct compartments during mitosis and cytokinesis. We have previously demonstrated that the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein binds PTPN13 and leads to its degradation. Thus, we speculated that HPV infection may affect cellular proliferation by altering the localization of a PTPN13 phosphatase substrate, EphrinB1, during mitosis. Here we report that EphrinB1 co-localizes with MTs during all phases of the cell cycle. Specifically, a cleaved, unphosphorylated EphrinB1 fragment directly binds tubulin, while its phosphorylated form lacks MT binding capacity. These findings suggest that EphrinB1 is a novel microtubule associated protein (MAP). Importantly, we show that in the context of HPV16 E6 expression, EphrinB1 affects taxane response in vitro. We speculate that this reflects PTPN13's modulation of EphrinB1 phosphorylation and suggest that EphrinB1 is an important contributor to taxane sensitivity/resistance phenotypes in epithelial cancers. Thus, HPV infection or functional mutations of PTPN13 in non-viral cancers may predict taxane sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Bryant G Wieking
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - John H Lee
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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23
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Nulty J, Alsaffar M, Barry D. Radial glial cells organize the central nervous system via microtubule dependant processes. Brain Res 2015; 1625:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bizet AA, Becker-Heck A, Ryan R, Weber K, Filhol E, Krug P, Halbritter J, Delous M, Lasbennes MC, Linghu B, Oakeley EJ, Zarhrate M, Nitschké P, Garfa-Traore M, Serluca F, Yang F, Bouwmeester T, Pinson L, Cassuto E, Dubot P, Elshakhs NAS, Sahel JA, Salomon R, Drummond IA, Gubler MC, Antignac C, Chibout S, Szustakowski JD, Hildebrandt F, Lorentzen E, Sailer AW, Benmerah A, Saint-Mezard P, Saunier S. Mutations in TRAF3IP1/IFT54 reveal a new role for IFT proteins in microtubule stabilization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8666. [PMID: 26487268 PMCID: PMC4617596 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a large group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by defects in primary cilia. Here we identified mutations in TRAF3IP1 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor Interacting Protein 1) in eight patients from five families with nephronophthisis (NPH) and retinal degeneration, two of the most common manifestations of ciliopathies. TRAF3IP1 encodes IFT54, a subunit of the IFT-B complex required for ciliogenesis. The identified mutations result in mild ciliary defects in patients but also reveal an unexpected role of IFT54 as a negative regulator of microtubule stability via MAP4 (microtubule-associated protein 4). Microtubule defects are associated with altered epithelialization/polarity in renal cells and with pronephric cysts and microphthalmia in zebrafish embryos. Our findings highlight the regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule dynamics as a role of the IFT54 protein beyond the cilium, contributing to the development of NPH-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane A. Bizet
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anita Becker-Heck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Ryan
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kristina Weber
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emilie Filhol
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Krug
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marion Delous
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Bolan Linghu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edward J. Oakeley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Inserm UMR-1163, Genomic Core Facility, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bioinformatics Core Facility, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM US24 Structure Fédérative de recherche Necker, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Serluca
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Department of Medical Genetic, Arnaud de Villeneuve University Health Center, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Elisabeth Cassuto
- Nephrology department, L'Archet II Hospital, Nice University Health Center, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Dubot
- Hemodialysis-Nephrology Department, William Morey Hospital, 71321 Chalon-sur-Saône, France
| | - Neveen A. Soliman Elshakhs
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Cairo University, Egyptian Group for Orphan Renal Diseases, 11956 Cairo, Egypt
| | - José A. Sahel
- INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S968, Institut de la vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM, Direction de l'Hospitalisation et de l'Organisation des Soins, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1423, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Salomon
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Pediatric Nephrologic department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salahdine Chibout
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Sailer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Saunier
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
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Bakthisaran R, Akula KK, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin: Role in stress, aging and patho-physiological conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:167-82. [PMID: 26415747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND αB-crystallin, once thought to be a lenticular protein, is ubiquitous and has critical roles in several cellular processes that are modulated by phosphorylation. Serine residues 19, 45 and 59 of αB-crystallin undergo phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of S45 is mediated by p44/42 MAP kinase, whereas S59 phosphorylation is mediated by MAPKAP kinase-2. Pathway involved in S19 phosphorylation is not known. SCOPE OF REVIEW The review highlights the role of phosphorylation in (i) oligomeric structure, stability and chaperone activity, (ii) cellular processes such as apoptosis, myogenic differentiation, cell cycle regulation and angiogenesis, and (iii) aging, stress, cardiomyopathy-causing αB-crystallin mutants, and in other diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Depending on the context and extent of phosphorylation, αB-crystallin seems to confer beneficial or deleterious effects. Phosphorylation alters structure, stability, size distribution and dynamics of the oligomeric assembly, thus modulating chaperone activity and various cellular processes. Phosphorylated αB-crystallin has a tendency to partition to the cytoskeleton and hence to the insoluble fraction. Low levels of phosphorylation appear to be protective, while hyperphosphorylation has negative implications. Mutations in αB-crystallin, such as R120G, Q151X and 464delCT, associated with inherited myofibrillar myopathy lead to hyperphosphorylation and intracellular inclusions. An ongoing study in our laboratory with phosphorylation-mimicking mutants indicates that phosphorylation of R120GαB-crystallin increases its propensity to aggregate. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin has dual role that manifests either beneficial or deleterious consequences depending on the extent of phosphorylation and interaction with cytoskeleton. Considering that disease-causing mutants of αB-crystallin are hyperphosphorylated, moderation of phosphorylation may be a useful strategy in disease management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kranthi Kiran Akula
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Tangirala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Mohan R, John A. Microtubule-associated proteins as direct crosslinkers of actin filaments and microtubules. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:395-403. [PMID: 26104829 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal polymers--actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments--are interlinked by coordinated protein interactions to form a complex three-dimensional cytoskeletal network. Association of actin filaments with microtubules is important for various cellular processes such as cell division, migration, vesicle and organelle transport, and axonal growth. Several proteins including signaling molecules, motor proteins, and proteins directly or indirectly associated with microtubules and actin are involved in bridging the cytoskeletal components. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) belonging to the MAP1, 2, 4 family and Tau proteins have been identified as key players that directly crosslink the two cytoskeletons. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interactions of these MAPs with actin filaments and their role in forming the actin-microtubule network and further discusses how the in vitro reconstitution assays can be used to study the dynamics of coordinated networks. Understanding the mechanisms by which actin and microtubules interact is key to decipher cancer, wound healing, and neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Mohan
- Transmission Electron Microscope Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Annie John
- Transmission Electron Microscope Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Li L, Hu J, He T, Zhang Q, Yang X, Lan X, Zhang D, Mei H, Chen B, Huang Y. P38/MAPK contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction via MAP4 phosphorylation-dependent microtubule disassembly in inflammation-induced acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8895. [PMID: 25746230 PMCID: PMC4352893 DOI: 10.1038/srep08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of inflammation and the accompanying lung vascular endothelial barrier disruption are primary pathogenic features of acute lung injury (ALI). Microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), a tubulin assembly-promoting protein, is important for maintaining the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton and cell-cell junctional structures. However, both the involvement and exact mechanism of MAP4 in the development of endothelial barrier disruption in ALI remains unknown. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were applied to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) to mimic the endothelial damage during inflammation in vitro. We demonstrated that the MAP4 (Ser696 and Ser787) phosphorylation increased concomitantly with the p38/MAPK pathway activation by the LPS and TNF-α stimulation of HPMECs, which induced MT disassembly followed by hyperpermeability. Moreover, the application of taxol, the overexpression of a MAP4 (Ala) mutant, or the application of the p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited the MT disruption and the intracellular junction dysfunction. In contrast, MKK6 (Glu), which constitutively activated p38/MAPK, resulted in microtubule depolymerisation and, subsequently, hyperpermeability. Our findings reveal a novel role of MAP4 in endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Lan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Biostatistics in the School of Public Health, Yale University
| | - Bing Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Deng SS, Wu LY, Wang YC, Cao PR, Xu L, Li QR, Liu M, Zhang L, Jiang YJ, Yang XY, Sun SN, Tan MJ, Qian M, Zang Y, Feng L, Li J. Protein kinase A rescues microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2-induced microtubule instability and neurite disruption by phosphorylating serine 409. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3149-60. [PMID: 25512381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2)/PAR-1b and protein kinase A (PKA) are both involved in the regulation of microtubule stability and neurite outgrowth, but whether a direct cross-talk exists between them remains unclear. Here, we found the disruption of microtubule and neurite outgrowth induced by MARK2 overexpression was blocked by active PKA. The interaction between PKA and MARK2 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry both in vitro and in vivo. PKA was found to inhibit MARK2 kinase activity by phosphorylating a novel site, serine 409. PKA could not reverse the microtubule disruption effect induced by a serine 409 to alanine (Ala) mutant of MARK2 (MARK2 S409A). In contrast, mutation of MARK2 serine 409 to glutamic acid (Glu) (MARK2 S409E) did not affect microtubule stability and neurite outgrowth. We propose that PKA functions as an upstream inhibitor of MARK2 in regulating microtubule stability and neurite outgrowth by directly interacting and phosphorylating MARK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Deng
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Le-Yu Wu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Peng-Rong Cao
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Xu
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian-Ru Li
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meng Liu
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue-Jing Jiang
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Sun
- The Chemical Proteomics Center and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and
| | - Min-jia Tan
- The Chemical Proteomics Center and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China, and
| | - Min Qian
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Zang
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China,
| | - Linyin Feng
- Department of Neuropharmacology, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China,
| | - Jia Li
- From the National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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Zahnleiter D, Hauer NN, Kessler K, Uebe S, Sugano Y, Neuhauss SC, Giessl A, Ekici AB, Blessing H, Sticht H, Dörr HG, Reis A, Thiel CT. MAP4-Dependent Regulation of Microtubule Formation Affects Centrosome, Cilia, and Golgi Architecture as a Central Mechanism in Growth Regulation. Hum Mutat 2014; 36:87-97. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zahnleiter
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Nadine N. Hauer
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Kristin Kessler
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Yuya Sugano
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Giessl
- Animal Physiology; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Blessing
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Helmuth-Günther Dörr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian T. Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
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30
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Phosphorylation-dependent mitochondrial translocation of MAP4 is an early step in hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1424. [PMID: 25232678 PMCID: PMC4540186 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic or ischemic apoptosis is often tightly associated with the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP); however, the molecular mechanisms regulating mPTP and thus mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis remain elusive. Emerging evidence indicates that the movement of key proteins in or out of mitochondria play a critical regulatory role in apoptosis. Here, we reported that, unexpectedly, the microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) translocated from cytosol to mitochondria upon phosphorylation after hypoxia treatment in neonatal cardiomyocytes. When targeted to mitochondria, MAP4 was found to lead to mPTP opening and induce apoptosis. Mitochondrial accumulation and pro-apoptotic function of MAP4 could be reversed through the genetic inhibition of MAP4 phosphorylation. The MAP4(Ala) mutant, which mimicked the dephosphorylated form, suppressed mitochondrial translocation and apoptosis. Our data reveal a novel role of MAP4 in cardiac apoptosis and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting mitochondrial translocation of MAP4 against apoptotic heart diseases.
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31
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Rovina D, Fontana L, Monti L, Novielli C, Panini N, Sirchia SM, Erba E, Magnani I, Larizza L. Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) plays a role in cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:355-65. [PMID: 25123532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MARK4 is a serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates MAP proteins, increasing microtubule dynamics. MARK4 differs from the other members of the MARK family for encoding two isoforms (MARK4L and MARK4S), differentially expressed in the nervous system, and for the peculiar localisation at the centrosome and the midbody. By cytofluorimetric analysis we showed that MARK4 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and preferentially activated during mitosis. Depletion of MARK4S affected the morphology and proliferation of fibroblasts and glioma cells, as the percentages of cells in S and G2/M phases were reduced and the percentage of cells in G1 was increased. In MARK4S silenced cells, centrosomes were duplicated and positioned apically to the nucleus, indicating that the centrosome cycle was altered and the cells arrested in G1 phase. Overexpression of MARK4L or MARK4S reduced the density of the microtubule network, confirming microtubules as the main target of MARK4, and revealed a novel co-localisation of MARK4 and vimentin. Taken together, our data confirm that MARK4 is a key component in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and highlight its major role in cell cycle progression, particularly at the G1/S transition. The co-localisation of vimentin and MARK4L suggests that MARK4 has a wide-ranging influence on cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rovina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Novielli
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Flow Cytometry Unit, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Erba
- Flow Cytometry Unit, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Magnani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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32
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Kim BM, You MH, Chen CH, Lee S, Hong Y, Hong Y, Kimchi A, Zhou XZ, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 has a critical role in aberrant tau protein regulation and function. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1237. [PMID: 24853415 PMCID: PMC4047864 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of tangles composed of phosphorylated tau is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau, a microtubule (MT)-associated protein, accumulates in AD potentially as a result of posttranslational modifications, such as hyperphosphorylation and conformational changes. However, it has not been fully understood how tau accumulation and phosphorylation are deregulated. In the present study, we identified a novel role of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) in the regulation of the tau protein. We found that hippocampal DAPK1 expression is markedly increased in the brains of AD patients compared with age-matched normal subjects. DAPK1 overexpression increased tau protein stability and phosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites. In contrast, inhibition of DAPK1 by overexpression of a DAPK1 kinase-deficient mutant or by genetic knockout significantly decreased tau protein stability and abolished its phosphorylation in cell cultures and in mice. Mechanistically, DAPK1-enhanced tau protein stability was mediated by Ser71 phosphorylation of Pin1, a prolyl isomerase known to regulate tau protein stability, phosphorylation, and tau-related pathologies. In addition, inhibition of DAPK1 kinase activity significantly increased the assembly of MTs and accelerated nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth. Given that DAPK1 has been genetically linked to late onset AD, these results suggest that DAPK1 is a novel regulator of tau protein abundance, and that DAPK1 upregulation might contribute to tau-related pathologies in AD. Therefore, we offer that DAPK1 might be a novel therapeutic target for treating human AD and other tau-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Kim
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M-H You
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-H Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Lee
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea [2] Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Center, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Y Hong
- 1] Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea [2] Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Center, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Y Hong
- 1] Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea [3] Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Center, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - A Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - X Z Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T H Lee
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Livanos P, Galatis B, Gaitanaki C, Apostolakos P. Phosphorylation of a p38-like MAPK is involved in sensing cellular redox state and drives atypical tubulin polymer assembly in angiosperms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1130-43. [PMID: 24138172 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance is a stressful condition for plant cells accompanied by dramatic changes in tubulin cytoskeleton. Here, evidence is provided that alterations in ROS levels directly interfere with the phosphorylation state of a p38-like MAPK in the angiosperms Triticum turgidum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Both oxidative stress generators and chemicals inducing ROS scavenging or decreasing ROS production resulted in the accumulation of a phospho-p46 protein similar to p38-MAPK. Importantly, the rhd2 A. thaliana mutants exhibited a remarkable increase in levels of phospho-p46. The presence of the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the response to ROS disturbance, prevented microtubule disappearance and resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of atypical tubulin polymers. Moreover, in roots treated simultaneously with substances inducing ROS overproduction and others resulting in low ROS levels, phospho-p46 levels and the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton were similar to controls. Collectively, our experimental data suggest, for the first time in plants, that p46 functions as a putative sensor of redox state, the activation of which initiates downstream signalling events leading to microtubule disruption and subsequent assembly of atypical tubulin polymers. Thus, p46 seems to participate in perception of ROS homeostasis disturbance as well as in cellular responses to redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece
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Proteasome failure promotes positioning of lysosomes around the aggresome via local block of microtubule-dependent transport. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1336-48. [PMID: 24469403 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00103-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitinated proteins aggregate upon proteasome failure, and the aggregates are transported to the aggresome. In aggresomes, protein aggregates are actively degraded by the autophagy-lysosome pathway, but why targeting the aggresome promotes degradation of aggregated species is currently unknown. Here we report that the important factor in this process is clustering of lysosomes around the aggresome via a novel mechanism. Proteasome inhibition causes formation of a zone around the centrosome where microtubular transport of lysosomes is suppressed, resulting in their entrapment and accumulation. Microtubule-dependent transport of other organelles, including autophagosomes, mitochondria, and endosomes, is also blocked in this entrapment zone (E-zone), while movement of organelles at the cell periphery remains unaffected. Following the whole-genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for proteins involved in aggresome formation, we defined the pathway that regulates formation of the E-zone, including the Stk11 protein kinase, the Usp9x deubiquitinating enzyme, and their substrate kinase MARK4. Therefore, upon proteasome failure, targeting of aggregated proteins of the aggresome is coordinated with lysosome positioning around this body to facilitate degradation of the abnormal species.
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Naz F, Anjum F, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase 4: Structure, Function, and Regulation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:485-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Fassett JT, Hu X, Xu X, Lu Z, Zhang P, Chen Y, Bache RJ. AMPK attenuates microtubule proliferation in cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H749-58. [PMID: 23316058 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00935.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell hypertrophy requires increased protein synthesis and expansion of the cytoskeletal networks that support cell enlargement. AMPK limits anabolic processes, such as protein synthesis, when energy supply is insufficient, but its role in cytoskeletal remodeling is not known. Here, we examined the influence of AMPK in cytoskeletal remodeling during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, a clinically relevant condition in which cardiomyocytes enlarge but do not divide. In neonatal cardiomyocytes, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or expression of constitutively active AMPK (CA-AMPK) attenuated cell area increase by hypertrophic stimuli (phenylephrine). AMPK activation had little effect on intermediate filaments or myofilaments but dramatically reduced microtubule stability, as measured by detyrosinated tubulin levels and cytoskeletal tubulin accumulation. Importantly, low-level AMPK activation limited cell expansion and microtubule growth independent of mTORC1 or protein synthesis repression, identifying a new mechanism by which AMPK regulates cell growth. Mechanistically, AICAR treatment increased Ser-915 phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), which reduces affinity for tubulin and prevents stabilization of microtubules (MTs). RNAi knockdown of MAP4 confirmed its critical role in cardiomyocyte MT stabilization. In support of a pathophysiological role for AMPK regulation of cardiac microtubules, AMPK α2 KO mice exposed to pressure overload (transverse aortic constriction; TAC) demonstrated reduced MAP4 phosphorylation and increased microtubule accumulation that correlated with the severity of contractile dysfunction. Together, our data identify the microtubule cytoskeleton as a sensitive target of AMPK activity, and the data suggest a novel role for AMPK in limiting accumulation and densification of microtubules that occurs in response to hypertrophic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Fassett
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Nakano A, Takashima S. LKB1 and AMP-activated protein kinase: regulators of cell polarity. Genes Cells 2012; 17:737-47. [PMID: 22892070 PMCID: PMC3533759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2012.01629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic protein kinase, and its upstream kinase LKB1 play crucial roles in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. Although the shapes of polarized cells display extraordinary diversity, the key molecules involved in cell polarity are relatively well conserved. Here, we review the mechanisms and factors responsible for organizing cell polarity and the role of LKB1 and AMPK in cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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39
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Nishimura Y, Applegate K, Davidson MW, Danuser G, Waterman CM. Automated screening of microtubule growth dynamics identifies MARK2 as a regulator of leading edge microtubules downstream of Rac1 in migrating cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41413. [PMID: 22848487 PMCID: PMC3404095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarized microtubule (MT) growth in the leading edge is critical to directed cell migration, and is mediated by Rac1 GTPase. To find downstream targets of Rac1 that affect MT assembly dynamics, we performed an RNAi screen of 23 MT binding and regulatory factors and identified RNAi treatments that suppressed changes in MT dynamics induced by constitutively activated Rac1. By analyzing fluorescent EB3 dynamics with automated tracking, we found that RNAi treatments targeting p150glued, APC2, spastin, EB1, Op18, or MARK2 blocked Rac1-mediated MT growth in lamellipodia. MARK2 was the only protein whose RNAi targeting additionally suppressed Rac1 effects on MT orientation in lamellipodia, and thus became the focus of further study. We show that GFP-MARK2 rescued effects of MARK2 depletion on MT growth lifetime and orientation, and GFP-MARK2 localized in lamellipodia in a Rac1-activity-dependent manner. In a wound-edge motility assay, MARK2-depleted cells failed to polarize their centrosomes or exhibit oriented MT growth in the leading edge, and displayed defects in directional cell migration. Thus, automated image analysis of MT assembly dynamics identified MARK2 as a target regulated downstream of Rac1 that promotes oriented MT growth in the leading edge to mediate directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Nishimura
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Applegate
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee Florida, United States of America
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clare M. Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Wu Q, DiBona VL, Bernard LP, Zhang H. The polarity protein partitioning-defective 1 (PAR-1) regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis through phosphorylating postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30781-8. [PMID: 22807451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarity protein PAR-1 plays an essential role in many cellular contexts, including embryogenesis, asymmetric cell division, directional migration, and epithelial morphogenesis. Despite its known importance in different cellular processes, the role of PAR-1 in neuronal morphogenesis is less well understood. In particular, its role in the morphogenesis of dendritic spines, which are sites of excitatory synaptic inputs, has been unclear. Here, we show that PAR-1 is required for normal spine morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons. We further show that PAR-1 functions through phosphorylating the synaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95 in this process. Phosphorylation at a conserved serine residue in the KXGS motif in PSD-95 regulates spine morphogenesis, and a phosphomimetic mutant of this site can rescue the defects of kinase-dead PAR-1. Together, our findings uncover a role of PAR-1 in spine morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons through phosphorylating PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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41
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Schmitt K, Grimm A, Kazmierczak A, Strosznajder JB, Götz J, Eckert A. Insights into mitochondrial dysfunction: aging, amyloid-β, and tau-A deleterious trio. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1456-66. [PMID: 22117646 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting elderly individuals. The pathology of AD is characterized by amyloid plaques (aggregates of amyloid-β [Aβ]) and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau), but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are still partially unclear. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a prominent and early, chronic oxidative stress-associated event that contributes to synaptic abnormalities and, ultimately, selective neuronal degeneration in AD. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we discuss on the one hand whether mitochondrial decline observed in brain aging is a determinant event in the onset of AD and on the other hand the close interrelationship of this organelle with Aβ and tau in the pathogenic process underlying AD. Moreover, we summarize evidence from aging and Alzheimer models showing that the harmful trio "aging, Aβ, and tau protein" triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through a number of pathways, such as impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), elevation of reactive oxygen species production, and interaction with mitochondrial proteins, contributing to the development and progression of the disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The aging process may weaken the mitochondrial OXPHOS system in a more general way over many years providing a basis for the specific and destructive effects of Aβ and tau. Establishing strategies involving efforts to protect cells at the mitochondrial level by stabilizing or restoring mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis appears to be challenging, but very promising route on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schmitt
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Gabrovska PN, Smith RA, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Investigation of two Wnt signalling pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms in a breast cancer-affected Australian population. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 14:562-7. [PMID: 22506312 DOI: 10.1375/twin.14.6.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the mammary gland, Wnt signals are strongly implicated in initial development of the mammary rudiments and in the ductal branching and alveolar morphogenesis that occurs during pregnancy. Previously, we identified two Wnt signaling pathway-implicated genes, PPP3CA and MARK4, as having a role in more aggressive and potentially metastatic breast tumors. In this study, we examined two SNPs within PPP3CA and MARK4 in an Australian case-control study population for a potential role in human breast cancers. 182 cases and 180 controls were successfully genotyped for the PPP3CA SNP (rs2850328) and 182 cases and 177 controls were successfully genotyped for the MARK4 SNP (rs2395) using High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis. Genotypes of randomly selected samples for both SNPs were validated by dye terminator sequencing. Chi-square tests were performed to determine any significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the cases and controls. Chi-square analysis showed no statistically significant difference (p > .05) for genotype frequencies between cases and controls for rs2850328 (chi2 = 1.2, p = .5476) or rs2395 (chi2 = .3, p = .8608). Similarly, no statistical difference was observed for allele frequencies for rs2850328 (chi2 = .68, p = .4108) or rs2395 (chi2 = .02, p = .893). Even though an association of the polymorphisms rs2850328 and rs2395 and breast cancer was not detected in our case-control study population, other variants within the PPP3CA and MARK4 genes may still be associated with breast cancer, as both genes are implicated with processes involved in the disease as well as their mutual partaking in the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamena N Gabrovska
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Australia
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43
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Neill D. Should Alzheimer's disease be equated with human brain ageing? A maladaptive interaction between brain evolution and senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:104-22. [PMID: 21763787 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review Alzheimer's disease is seen as a maladaptive interaction between human brain evolution and senescence. It is predicted to occur in everyone although does not necessarily lead to dementia. The pathological process is initiated in relation to a senescence mediated functional down-regulation in the posteromedial cortex (Initiation Phase). This leads to a loss of glutamatergic excitatory input to layer II entorhinal cortex neurons. A human specific maladaptive neuroplastic response is initiated in these neurons leading to neuronal dysfunction, NFT formation and death. This leads to further loss of glutamatergic excitatory input and propagation of the maladaptive response along excitatory pathways linking evolutionary progressed vulnerable neurons (Propagation Phase). Eventually neurons are affected in many brain areas resulting in dementia. Possible therapeutic approaches include enhancing glutamatergic transmission. The theory may have implications with regards to how Alzheimer's disease is classified.
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44
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Hayashi K, Suzuki A, Ohno S. PAR-1/MARK: a kinase essential for maintaining the dynamic state of microtubules. Cell Struct Funct 2011; 37:21-5. [PMID: 22139392 DOI: 10.1247/csf.11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase, PAR-1, is an essential component of the evolutionary-conserved polarity-regulating system, PAR-aPKC system, which plays indispensable roles in establishing asymmetric protein distributions and cell polarity in various biological contexts (Suzuki, A. and Ohno, S. (2006). J. Cell Sci., 119: 979-987; Matenia, D. and Mandelkow, E.M. (2009). Trends Biochem. Sci., 34: 332-342). PAR-1 is also known as MARK, which phosphorylates classical microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and detaches MAPs from microtubules (Matenia, D. and Mandelkow, E.M. (2009). Trends Biochem. Sci., 34: 332-342). This MARK activity of PAR-1 suggests its role in microtubule (MT) dynamics, but surprisingly, only few studies have been carried out to address this issue. Here, we summarize our recent study on live imaging analysis of MT dynamics in PAR-1b-depleted cells, which clearly demonstrated the positive role of PAR-1b in maintaining MT dynamics (Hayashi, K., Suzuki, A., Hirai, S., Kurihara, Y., Hoogenraad, C.C., and Ohno, S. (2011). J. Neurosci., 31: 12094-12103). Importantly, our results further revealed the novel physiological function of PAR-1b in maintaining dendritic spine morphology in mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
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45
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Semighini EP, Taft CA, Silva CH. Homology modelling, virtual screening and molecular dynamics of the MARK3 KA1 domain for cancer drug design. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.589052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Yoshida H, Goedert M. Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau by AMPK-related kinases. J Neurochem 2011; 120:165-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Yamahashi Y, Saito Y, Murata-Kamiya N, Hatakeyama M. Polarity-regulating kinase partitioning-defective 1b (PAR1b) phosphorylates guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1) to regulate RhoA-dependent actin cytoskeletal reorganization. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44576-84. [PMID: 22072711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Partitioning-defective 1b (PAR1b), also known as microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2), is a member of evolutionally conserved PAR1/MARK serine/threonine kinase family, which plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity at least partly by phosphorylating microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate microtubule stability. PAR1b has also been reported to influence actin cytoskeletal organization, raising the possibility that PAR1b functionally interacts with the Rho family of small GTPases, central regulators of the actin cytoskeletal system. Consistent with this notion, PAR1 was recently found to be physically associated with a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1). This observation suggests a functional link between PAR1b and GEF-H1. Here we show that PAR1b induces phosphorylation of GEF-H1 on serine 885 and serine 959. We also show that PAR1b-induced serine 885/serine 959 phosphorylation inhibits RhoA-specific GEF activity of GEF-H1. As a consequence, GEF-H1 phosphorylated on both of the serine residues loses the ability to stimulate RhoA and thereby fails to induce RhoA-dependent stress fiber formation. These findings indicate that PAR1b not only regulates microtubule stability through phosphorylation of MAPs but also influences actin stress fiber formation by inducing GEF-H1 phosphorylation. The dual function of PAR1b in the microtubule-based cytoskeletal system and the actin-based cytoskeletal system in the coordinated regulation of cell polarity, cell morphology, and cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yamahashi
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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48
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Chen CH, Liao CH, Chang YL, Guh JH, Pan SL, Teng CM. Protopine, a novel microtubule-stabilizing agent, causes mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death in human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2011; 315:1-11. [PMID: 22033245 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of protopine on human hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) cells. Protopine exhibited an anti-proliferative effect by induction of tubulin polymerization and mitotic arrest, which ultimately led to apoptotic cell death. The data suggest that protopine increased the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)/cyclin B1 complex and that contributed to cell apoptosis by modulating mitochondria-mediated signaling pathways, such as Bcl-2 phosphorylation and Mcl-1 down-regulation. In conclusion, the data suggest that protopine is a novel microtubule stabilizer with anticancer activity in HRPC cells through apoptotic pathway by modulating Cdk1 activity and Bcl-2 family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chen
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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49
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Timm T, von Kries JP, Li X, Zempel H, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM. Microtubule affinity regulating kinase activity in living neurons was examined by a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer/fluorescence lifetime imaging-based biosensor: inhibitors with therapeutic potential. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41711-41722. [PMID: 21984823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.257865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases of the microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK)/Par-1 family play important roles in the establishment of cellular polarity, cell cycle control, and intracellular signal transduction. Disturbance of their function is linked to cancer and brain diseases, e.g. lissencephaly and Alzheimer disease. To understand the biological role of MARK family kinases, we searched for specific inhibitors and a biosensor for MARK activity. A screen of the ChemBioNet library containing ~18,000 substances yielded several compounds with inhibitory activity in the low micromolar range and capable of inhibiting MARK activity in cultured cells and primary neurons, as judged by MARK-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins and its consequences for microtubule integrity. Four of the compounds share a 9-oxo-9H-acridin-10-yl structure as a basis that will serve as a lead for optimization of inhibition efficiency. To test these inhibitors, we developed a cellular biosensor for MARK activity based on a MARK target sequence attached to the 14-3-3 scaffold protein and linked to enhanced cyan or teal and yellow fluorescent protein as FRET donor and acceptor pairs. Transfection of the teal/yellow fluorescent protein sensor into neurons and imaging by fluorescence lifetime imaging revealed that MARK was particularly active in the axons and growth cones of differentiating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Timm
- Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- FMP, Forschungsinstitut fuer Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) and CAESAR (Center of Advanced European Studies and Research), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) and CAESAR (Center of Advanced European Studies and Research), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) and CAESAR (Center of Advanced European Studies and Research), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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50
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Nagase L, Murata-Kamiya N, Hatakeyama M. Potentiation of Helicobacter pylori CagA protein virulence through homodimerization. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33622-31. [PMID: 21813645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.258673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is associated with atrophic gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric carcinoma. The cagA gene product, CagA, is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via type IV secretion, where it undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA motifs. Tyrosine-phosphorylated CagA binds and aberrantly activates the oncogenic tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, which mediates induction of elongated cell morphology (hummingbird phenotype) that reflects CagA virulence. CagA also binds and inhibits the polarity-regulating kinase partitioning-defective 1 (PAR1)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) via the CagA multimerization (CM) sequence independently of tyrosine phosphorylation. Because PAR1 exists as a homodimer, two CagA proteins appear to be passively dimerized through complex formation with a PAR1 dimer in cells. Interestingly, a CagA mutant that lacks the CM sequence displays a reduced SHP2 binding activity and exhibits an attenuated ability to induce the hummingbird phenotype, indicating that the CagA-PAR1 interaction also influences the morphological transformation. Here we investigated the role of CagA dimerization in induction of the hummingbird phenotype with the use of a chemical dimerizer, coumermycin. We found that CagA dimerization markedly stabilizes the CagA-SHP2 complex and thereby potentiates SHP2 deregulation, causing an increase in the number of hummingbird cells. Protrusions of hummingbird cells induced by chemical dimerization of CagA are further elongated by simultaneous inhibition of PAR1. This study revealed a role of the CM sequence in amplifying the magnitude of SHP2 deregulation by CagA, which, in conjunction with the CM sequence-mediated inhibition of PAR1, evokes morphological transformation that reflects in vivo CagA virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nagase
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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