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Abu Nahia K, Sulej A, Migdał M, Ochocka N, Ho R, Kamińska B, Zagorski M, Winata CL. scRNA-seq reveals the diversity of the developing cardiac cell lineage and molecular players in heart rhythm regulation. iScience 2024; 27:110083. [PMID: 38872974 PMCID: PMC11170199 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We utilized scRNA-seq to delineate the diversity of cell types in the zebrafish heart. Transcriptome profiling of over 50,000 cells at 48 and 72 hpf defined at least 18 discrete cell lineages of the developing heart. Utilizing well-established gene signatures, we identified a population of cells likely to be the primary pacemaker and characterized the transcriptome profile defining this critical cell type. Two previously uncharacterized genes, atp1b3b and colec10, were found to be enriched in the sinoatrial cardiomyocytes. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of these two genes significantly reduced heart rate, implicating their role in cardiac development and conduction. Additionally, we describe other cardiac cell lineages, including the endothelial and neural cells, providing their expression profiles as a resource. Our results established a detailed atlas of the developing heart, providing valuable insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms, and pinpointed potential new players in heart rhythm regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abu Nahia
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Sulej
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Migdał
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Ochocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Richard Ho
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Mark Kac Center for Complex Systems Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bożena Kamińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Zagorski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Mark Kac Center for Complex Systems Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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2
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Ma C, Wu Z, Wang X, Huang M, Wei X, Wang W, Qu H, Qiaolongbatu X, Lou Y, Jing L, Fan G. A systematic comparison of anti-angiogenesis efficacy and cardiotoxicity of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in zebrafish model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 450:116162. [PMID: 35830948 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is fundamental to progression of cancerous tumors and blinding eye diseases. Anti-angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are in broad use for the treatment of these diseases. With more and more TKIs available, it is a challenge to make an optimal choice. It remains unclear whether TKIs demonstrate similar anti-angiogenesis activities in different tissues. Many TKIs have shown varying degrees of toxic effects that should also be considered in clinical use. This study investigates the anti-angiogenic effects of 13 FDA-approved TKIs on the intersegmental vessels (ISVs), subintestinal vessels (SIVs) and retinal vasculature in zebrafish embryos. The results show that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor TKIs (VEGFR-TKIs) exhibit anti-angiogenic abilities similarly on ISVs and SIVs, and their efficacy is consistent with their IC50 values against VEGFR2. In addition, VEGFR-TKIs selectively induces the apoptosis of endothelial cells in immature vessels. Among all TKIs tested, axitinib demonstrates a strong inhibition on retinal neovascularization at a low dose that do not strongly affect ISVs and SIVs, supporting its potential application for retinal diseases. Zebrafish embryos demonstrate cardiotoxicity after VEGFR-TKIs treatment, and ponatinib and sorafenib show a narrow therapeutic window, suggesting that these two drugs may need to be dosed more carefully in patients. We propose that zebrafish is an ideal model for studying in vivo antiangiogenic efficacy and cardiotoxicity of TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Mengling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Han Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Xijier Qiaolongbatu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, PR China.
| | - Lili Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Building 6-312, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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3
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Chestnut B, Klimkaite L, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13065. [PMID: 35906287 PMCID: PMC9338088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurita Klimkaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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4
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Luo H, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Li L, Sheng Z, Yu Y, Lin Y, Chen X, Feng P. Nxhl Controls Angiogenesis by Targeting VE-PTP Through Interaction With Nucleolin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728821. [PMID: 34733844 PMCID: PMC8558974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of angiogenesis is required for organ development, wound repair, and tumor progression. Here, we identified a novel gene, nxhl (New XingHuo light), that is conserved in vertebrates and that plays a crucial role in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered its essential roles in development based on co-expression with several key developmental genes. Knockdown of nxhl in zebrafish causes global and pericardial edema, loss of blood circulation, and vascular defects characterized by both reduced vascularization in intersegmental vessels and decreased sprouting in the caudal vein plexus. The nxhl gene also affects human endothelial cell behavior in vitro. We found that nxhl functions in part by targeting VE-PTP through interaction with NCL (nucleolin). Loss of ptprb (a VE-PTP ortholo) in zebrafish resulted in defects similar to nxhl knockdown. Moreover, nxhl deficiency attenuates tumor invasion and proteins (including VE-PTP and NCL) associated with angiogenesis and EMT. These findings illustrate that nxhl can regulate angiogenesis via a novel nxhl-NCL-VE-PTP axis, providing a new therapeutic target for modulating vascular formation and function, especially for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaoan Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
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5
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Lane S, More LA, Asnani A. Zebrafish Models of Cancer Therapy-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020008. [PMID: 33499052 PMCID: PMC7911266 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review: Both traditional and novel cancer therapies can cause cardiovascular toxicity in patients. In vivo models integrating both cardiovascular and cancer phenotypes allow for the study of on- and off-target mechanisms of toxicity arising from these agents. The zebrafish is the optimal whole organism model to screen for cardiotoxicity in a high throughput manner, while simultaneously assessing the role of cardiotoxicity pathways on the cancer therapy’s antitumor effect. Here we highlight established zebrafish models of human cardiovascular disease and cancer, the unique advantages of zebrafish to study mechanisms of cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity, and finally, important limitations to consider when using the zebrafish to study toxicity. Recent findings: Cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicities range from cardiomyopathy with traditional agents to arrhythmias and thrombotic complications associated with newer targeted therapies. The zebrafish can be used to identify novel therapeutic strategies that selectively protect the heart from cancer therapy without affecting antitumor activity. Advances in genome editing technology have enabled the creation of several transgenic zebrafish lines valuable to the study of cardiovascular and cancer pathophysiology. Summary: The high degree of genetic conservation between zebrafish and humans, as well as the ability to recapitulate cardiotoxic phenotypes observed in patients with cancer, make the zebrafish an effective model to study cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity. Though this model provides several key benefits over existing in vitro and in vivo models, limitations of the zebrafish model include the early developmental stage required for most high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lane
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.L.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Luis Alberto More
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.L.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Aarti Asnani
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.L.); (L.A.M.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Carlantoni C, Allanki S, Kontarakis Z, Rossi A, Piesker J, Günther S, Stainier DY. Tie1 regulates zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis through Tolloid-like 1 expression. Dev Biol 2021; 469:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Failed Progenitor Specification Underlies the Cardiopharyngeal Phenotypes in a Zebrafish Model of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1342-1354.e5. [PMID: 30067987 PMCID: PMC6261257 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions involving TBX1 result in variable congenital malformations known collectively as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Tbx1-deficient mice and zebrafish recapitulate several disease phenotypes, including pharyngeal arch artery (PAA), head muscle (HM), and cardiac outflow tract (OFT) deficiencies. In zebrafish, these structures arise from nkx2.5+ progenitors in pharyngeal arches 2-6. Because pharyngeal arch morphogenesis is compromised in Tbx1-deficient animals, the malformations were considered secondary. Here, we report that the PAA, HM, and OFT phenotypes in tbx1 mutant zebrafish are primary and arise prior to pharyngeal arch morphogenesis from failed specification of the nkx2.5+ pharyngeal lineage. Through in situ analysis and lineage tracing, we reveal that nkx2.5 and tbx1 are co-expressed in this progenitor population. Furthermore, we present evidence suggesting that gdf3-ALK4 signaling is a downstream mediator of nkx2.5+ pharyngeal lineage specification. Collectively, these studies support a cellular mechanism potentially underlying the cardiovascular and craniofacial defects observed in the 22q11.2DS population.
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8
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Paul George AA, Heimer P, Maaß A, Hamaekers J, Hofmann-Apitius M, Biswas A, Imhof D. Insights into the Folding of Disulfide-Rich μ-Conotoxins. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12330-12340. [PMID: 30411002 PMCID: PMC6217517 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of protein conformations using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been in place for decades. A major contribution to the structural stability and native conformation of a protein is made by the primary sequence and disulfide bonds formed during the folding process. Here, we investigated μ-conotoxins GIIIA, KIIIA, PIIIA, SIIIA, and SmIIIA as model peptides possessing three disulfide bonds. Their NMR structures were used for MD simulations in a novel approach studying the conformations between the folded and the unfolded states by systematically breaking the distinct disulfide bonds and monitoring the conformational stability of the peptides. As an outcome, the use of a combination of the existing knowledge and results from the simulations to classify the studied peptides within the extreme models of disulfide folding pathways, namely the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor pathway and the hirudin pathway, is demonstrated. Recommendations for the design and synthesis of cysteine-rich peptides with a reduced number of disulfide bonds conclude the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Abisheck Paul George
- Pharmaceutical
Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pascal Heimer
- Pharmaceutical
Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Maaß
- Department
of Virtual Material Design and Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific
Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Jan Hamaekers
- Department
of Virtual Material Design and Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific
Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department
of Virtual Material Design and Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific
Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen
International Center for Information Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19 C, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute
for Experimental Hematology, University
Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße
25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical
Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Heimer P, Tietze AA, Bäuml CA, Resemann A, Mayer FJ, Suckau D, Ohlenschläger O, Tietze D, Imhof D. Conformational μ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers Revisited: Impact of Cysteine Pairing on Disulfide-Bond Assignment and Structure Elucidation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3321-3327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Heimer
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Clemens Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlotte A. Bäuml
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Resemann
- MALDI Applications and Proteomics R&D, Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Mayer
- MALDI Applications and Proteomics R&D, Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Detlev Suckau
- MALDI Applications and Proteomics R&D, Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Ohlenschläger
- Leibniz Institute on Aging − Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Ai N, Chong CM, Chen W, Hu Z, Su H, Chen G, Lei Wong QW, Ge W. Ponatinib exerts anti-angiogenic effects in the zebrafish and human umbilical vein endothelial cells via blocking VEGFR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31958-31970. [PMID: 30174789 PMCID: PMC6112840 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark for cancer development because it is essential for cancer growth and provides the route for cancer cell migration (metastasis). Understanding the mechanism of angiogenesis and developing drugs that target the process has therefore been a major focus for research on cancer therapy. In this study, we screened 114 FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs for their effects on angiogenesis in the zebrafish. Among those with positive effects, we chose to focus on Ponatinib (AP24534; Iclusig®) for further investigation. Ponatinib is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and its clinical trial has been approved by FDA for the treatment of the disease. In recent clinical trials, however, some side effects have been reported for Ponatinib, mostly on blood vessel disorders, raising the possibility that this drug may influence angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that Ponatinib was able to suppress the formation of intersegmental vessels (ISV) and subintestinal vessels (SIV) in the zebrafish larvae. The anti-angiogenic effect of Ponatinib was further validated by other bioassays in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), including cell proliferation and migration, tube formation, and wound healing. Further experiments showed that Ponatinib inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathways including Akt/eNOS/NO pathway and MAPK pathways (ERK and p38MAPK). Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of VEGF signaling at its receptor level and downstream pathways may likely be responsible for the antiangiogenic activity of Ponatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ai
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Queenie Wing Lei Wong
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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11
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Khatib AM, Lahlil R, Hagedorn M, Delomenie C, Christophe O, Denis C, Siegfried G. Biological outcome and mapping of total factor cascades in response to HIF induction during regenerative angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12102-20. [PMID: 26933814 PMCID: PMC4914272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) is the main transcription factor that mediates cell response to hypoxia. Howeverthe complex factor cascades induced by HIF during regenerative angiogenesis are currently incompletely mapped and the biological outcome mediated by chronic HIF induction during vessel regeneration are not well known. Here, we investigated the biological impact of HIF induction on vascular regeneration and identified the differentially regulated genes during regeneration, HIF induction and hypoxic regeneration. The use of the fin zebrafish regeneration model revealed that exposure to HIF inducer (cobalt chloride) prevents vessel differentiation by maintaining their vascular plexuses in an immature state. The regenerated fins are easily breakable, lacking completely endochondral ossification. Gene expression arrays combined to gene functional enrichment analysis revealed that regenerative process and HIF induction shared the regulation of common genes mainly involved in DNA replication and proteasome complex. HIF induction during regeneration affected the expression of exclusive genes involved in cell differentiation and communication, consistent with the observed immature vascular plexuses of the regenerated fins during HIF induction. The use of morpholino (MO) knockdown strategy revealed that the expression of some of these genes such as tubulin and col10a1 are required for fin regeneration. Taken together, this study revealed the impact of HIF induction on regenerative angiogenesis and provided a framework to develop a gene network leading to regenerative process during HIF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
| | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
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12
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Toxicity and anti-angiogenicity evaluation of Pak1 inhibitor IPA-3 using zebrafish embryo model. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:41-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Jung H, Isogai S, Kamei M, Castranova D, Gore A, Weinstein B. Imaging blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:69-103. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Ulrich F, Carretero-Ortega J, Menéndez J, Narvaez C, Sun B, Lancaster E, Pershad V, Trzaska S, Véliz E, Kamei M, Prendergast A, Kidd KR, Shaw KM, Castranova DA, Pham VN, Lo BD, Martin BL, Raible DW, Weinstein BM, Torres-Vázquez J. Reck enables cerebrovascular development by promoting canonical Wnt signaling. Development 2015; 143:147-59. [PMID: 26657775 DOI: 10.1242/dev.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature provides the massive blood supply that the brain needs to grow and survive. By acquiring distinctive cellular and molecular characteristics it becomes the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selectively permeable and protective interface between the brain and the peripheral circulation that maintains the extracellular milieu permissive for neuronal activity. Accordingly, there is great interest in uncovering the mechanisms that modulate the formation and differentiation of the brain vasculature. By performing a forward genetic screen in zebrafish we isolated no food for thought (nft (y72)), a recessive late-lethal mutant that lacks most of the intracerebral central arteries (CtAs), but not other brain blood vessels. We found that the cerebral vascularization deficit of nft (y72) mutants is caused by an inactivating lesion in reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs [reck; also known as suppressor of tumorigenicity 15 protein (ST15)], which encodes a membrane-anchored tumor suppressor glycoprotein. Our findings highlight Reck as a novel and pivotal modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that acts in endothelial cells to enable intracerebral vascularization and proper expression of molecular markers associated with BBB formation. Additional studies with cultured endothelial cells suggest that, in other contexts, Reck impacts vascular biology via the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cascade. Together, our findings have broad implications for both vascular and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ulrich
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carlos Narvaez
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Belinda Sun
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Eva Lancaster
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Valerie Pershad
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sean Trzaska
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Evelyn Véliz
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Makoto Kamei
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kameha R Kidd
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenna M Shaw
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel A Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Van N Pham
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brigid D Lo
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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15
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Pappalardo A, Porreca I, Caputi L, De Felice E, Schulte-Merker S, Zannini M, Sordino P. Thyroid development in zebrafish lacking Taz. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 3:268-78. [PMID: 26478012 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Taz is a signal-responsive transcriptional coregulator implicated in several biological functions, from chondrogenesis to regulation of organ size. Less well studied, however, is its role in thyroid formation. Here, we explored the in vivo effects on thyroid development of morpholino (MO)-mediated knockdown of wwtr1, the gene encoding zebrafish Taz. The wwtr1 gene is expressed in the thyroid primordium and pharyngeal tissue of developing zebrafish. Compared to mammalian cells, in which Taz promotes expression of thyroid transcription factors and thyroid differentiation genes, wwtr1 MO injection in zebrafish had little or no effect on the expression of thyroid transcription factors, and differentially altered the expression of thyroid differentiation genes. Analysis of wwtr1 morphants at later stages of development revealed that the number and the lumen of thyroid follicles, and the number of thyroid follicle cells, were significantly smaller. In addition, Taz-depleted larvae displayed patterning defects in ventral cranial vessels that correlate with lateral displacement of thyroid follicles. These findings indicate that the zebrafish Taz protein is needed for the normal differentiation of the thyroid and are the first to suggest that Taz confers growth advantage to the endocrine gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pappalardo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' - CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; IRGS, Biogem, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Caputi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariastella Zannini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' - CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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16
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Nagelberg D, Wang J, Su R, Torres-Vázquez J, Targoff KL, Poss KD, Knaut H. Origin, Specification, and Plasticity of the Great Vessels of the Heart. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2099-110. [PMID: 26255850 PMCID: PMC4546555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) are a series of paired embryonic blood vessels that give rise to several major arteries that connect directly to the heart. During development, the PAAs emerge from nkx2.5-expressing mesodermal cells and connect the dorsal head vasculature to the outflow tract of the heart. Despite their central role in establishing the circulatory system, the embryonic origins of the PAA progenitors are only coarsely defined, and the factors that specify them and their regenerative potential are unclear. Using fate mapping and mutant analysis, we find that PAA progenitors are derived from the tcf21 and nkx2.5 double-positive head mesoderm and require these two transcription factors for their specification and survival. Unexpectedly, cell ablation shows that the tcf21+; nkx2.5+ PAA progenitors are not required for PAA formation. We find that this compensation is due to the replacement of ablated tcf21+; nkx2.5+ PAA cells by endothelial cells from the dorsal head vasculature. Together, these studies assign the embryonic origin of the great vessel progenitors to the interface between the pharyngeal and cardiac mesoderm, identify the transcription factor code required for their specification, and reveal an unexpected plasticity in the formation of the great vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Nagelberg
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 349 Nanaline Duke Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rina Su
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 349 Nanaline Duke Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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17
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Tian Y, Yao J, Liu S, Jiang C, Zhang J, Li Y, Feng J, Liu Z. Identification and expression analysis of 26 oncogenes of the receptor tyrosine kinase family in channel catfish after bacterial infection and hypoxic stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 14:16-25. [PMID: 25722053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and hormones. RTKs are not only key regulators of normal cellular processes, but are also involved in the progression of many types of tumors, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Catfish is a primary aquaculture species in the United States, while its industry is drastically hindered by several major diseases including enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) that is caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri. Disease outbreaks are often accompanied by hypoxic stress, which affects the performance and survival of fish by reducing disease resistance. In this study, we identified 26 RTK oncogenes in the channel catfish genome, and determined their expression profiles after ESC infection and hypoxic stress. The 26 RTK genes were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis, including TIE (2 genes), ErbB (6 genes), EPH (14 genes), and INSR (4 genes). All identified RTKs possess a similar molecular architecture including ligand-binding domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic region, which suggests that these genes could play conserved biological roles. The expression analysis revealed that eight RTKs were significantly regulated after bacterial infection, with dramatic induction of insulin receptor genes including INSRb, IGF1Ra, and IGF1Rb. Upon hypoxic stress, EPHB3a, EGFR, ErbB4b, and IGF1Rb were expressed at higher levels in the tolerant catfish, while EPHA2a, EPHA2, TIE1 and INSRa were expressed at higher levels in the intolerant catfish. These results suggested the involvement of RTKs in immune responses and hypoxic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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18
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Housley MP, Reischauer S, Dieu M, Raes M, Stainier DYR, Vanhollebeke B. Translational profiling through biotinylation of tagged ribosomes in zebrafish. Development 2014; 141:3988-93. [PMID: 25231762 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity within a population of cells of the same type is a common theme in metazoan biology. Dissecting complex developmental and physiological processes crucially relies on our ability to probe the expression profile of these cell subpopulations. Current strategies rely on cell enrichment based on sequential or simultaneous use of multiple intersecting markers starting from a heterogeneous cell suspension. The extensive tissue manipulations required to generate single-cell suspensions, as well as the complexity of the required equipment, inherently complicate these approaches. Here, we propose an alternative methodology based on a genetically encoded system in the model organism Danio rerio (zebrafish). In transgenic fish, we take advantage of the combinatorial biotin transfer system, where polysome-associated mRNAs are selectively recovered from cells expressing both a tagged ribosomal subunit, Rpl10a, and the bacterial biotin ligase BirA. We have applied this technique to skeletal muscle development and identified new genes with interesting temporal expression patterns. Through this work we have thus developed additional tools for highly specific gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Housley
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marc Dieu
- URBC-Narilis, University of Namur, Namur B-5000, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- URBC-Narilis, University of Namur, Namur B-5000, Belgium
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19
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Chimote G, Sreenivasan J, Pawar N, Subramanian J, Sivaramakrishnan H, Sharma S. Comparison of effects of anti-angiogenic agents in the zebrafish efficacy-toxicity model for translational anti-angiogenic drug discovery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1107-23. [PMID: 25170251 PMCID: PMC4145829 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s55621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Anti-angiogenic therapy in certain cancers has been associated with improved control of tumor growth and metastasis. Development of anti-angiogenic agents has, however, been saddled with higher attrition rate due to suboptimal efficacy, narrow therapeutic windows, or development of organ-specific toxicities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the translational ability of the zebrafish efficacy–toxicity model to stratify anti-angiogenic agents based on efficacy, therapeutic windows, and off-target effects to streamline the compound selection process in anti-angiogenic discovery. Methods The embryonic model of zebrafish was employed for studying angiogenesis and toxicity. The zebrafish were treated with anti-angiogenic compounds to evaluate their effects on angiogenesis and zebrafish-toxicity parameters. Angiogenesis was measured by scoring the development of subintestinal vessels. Toxicity was evaluated by calculating the median lethal concentration, the lowest observed effect concentration, and gross morphological changes. Results of efficacy and toxicity were used to predict the therapeutic window. Results In alignment with the clinical outcomes, the zebrafish assays demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are the most potent anti-angiogenic agents, followed by multikinase inhibitors and inhibitors of endothelial cell proliferation. The toxicity assays reported cardiac phenotype in zebrafish treated with VEGFR inhibitors and multikinase inhibitors with VEGFR activity suggestive of cardiotoxic potential of these compounds. Several other pathological features were reported for multikinase inhibitors suggestive of off-target effects. The predicted therapeutic window was translational with the clinical trial outcomes of the anti-angiogenic agents. The zebrafish efficacy–toxicity approach could stratify anti-angiogenic agents based on the mechanism of action and delineate chemical structure-driven biological activity of anti-angiogenic compounds. Conclusion The zebrafish efficacy–toxicity approach can be used as a predictive model for translational anti-angiogenic drug discovery to streamline compound selection, resulting in safer and efficacious anti-angiogenic agents entering the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Chimote
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Nilambari Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyothi Subramanian
- Department of Modeling and Simulation, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Somesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
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20
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Li W, Chen J, Deng M, Jing Q. The zebrafish Tie2 signaling controls tip cell behaviors and acts synergistically with Vegf pathway in developmental angiogenesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:641-6. [PMID: 25001479 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis process in development is temporally accurate, and involves sprouting, subsequent endothelial cell proliferation, and migration. Tip cells, sensing the extracellular cues, play an important role in this process. Although it is known that several pathways including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch control tip cell behaviors, the signaling process is largely unknown. Here we showed that an endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor-Tie2 was required for intersegmental vessel (ISV) growth and essential for the sprouting, migration, and proliferation of tip cells with morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish. Knockdown of vegf effectively reduced tie2 mRNA level, and tie2 knockdown efficiently blocked the vegf over-expression induced tyrosine kinase receptor-VEGFR1 (flk1) expression, which suggested that the function of Tie2 may be linked to the downstream of VEGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that the embryos displayed normal ISV growth when injected with tie2 or vegf morpholino alone at a low dose, while co-knockdown of them resulted in a severe ISV defect, indicating a synergistic role in ISV formation. These observations demonstrate that Tie2 is an important regulator of tip cell behaviors. Moreover, these findings provide in vivo evidence that Tie2 acts coordinately with Vegf signaling to control angiogenesis.
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21
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Fang L, Liu C, Miller YI. Zebrafish models of dyslipidemia: relevance to atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. Transl Res 2014; 163:99-108. [PMID: 24095954 PMCID: PMC3946603 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in zebrafish and in humans are remarkably similar. Zebrafish express all major nuclear receptors, lipid transporters, apolipoproteins and enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Unlike mice, zebrafish express cetp and the Cetp activity is detected in zebrafish plasma. Feeding zebrafish a high cholesterol diet, without any genetic intervention, results in significant hypercholesterolemia and robust lipoprotein oxidation, making zebrafish an attractive animal model to study mechanisms relevant to early development of human atherosclerosis. These studies are facilitated by the optical transparency of zebrafish larvae and the availability of transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescent proteins in endothelial cells and macrophages. Thus, vascular processes can be monitored in live animals. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in using dyslipidemic zebrafish in atherosclerosis-related studies. We also summarize recent work connecting lipid metabolism with regulation of angiogenesis, the work that considerably benefited from using the zebrafish model. These studies uncovered the role of aibp, abca1, abcg1, mtp, apoB, and apoC2 in regulation of angiogenesis in zebrafish and paved the way for future studies in mammals, which may suggest new therapeutic approaches to modulation of excessive or diminished angiogenesis contributing to the pathogenesis of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhou Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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22
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Letamendia A, Quevedo C, Ibarbia I, Virto JM, Holgado O, Diez M, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Callol-Massot C. Development and validation of an automated high-throughput system for zebrafish in vivo screenings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36690. [PMID: 22615792 PMCID: PMC3352927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a vertebrate model compatible with the paradigms of drug discovery. The small size and transparency of zebrafish embryos make them amenable for the automation necessary in high-throughput screenings. We have developed an automated high-throughput platform for in vivo chemical screenings on zebrafish embryos that includes automated methods for embryo dispensation, compound delivery, incubation, imaging and analysis of the results. At present, two different assays to detect cardiotoxic compounds and angiogenesis inhibitors can be automatically run in the platform, showing the versatility of the system. A validation of these two assays with known positive and negative compounds, as well as a screening for the detection of unknown anti-angiogenic compounds, have been successfully carried out in the system developed. We present a totally automated platform that allows for high-throughput screenings in a vertebrate organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Diez
- Biobide S.L., San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Wong KS, Rehn K, Palencia-Desai S, Kohli V, Hunter W, Uhl JD, Rost MS, Sumanas S. Hedgehog signaling is required for differentiation of endocardial progenitors in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2012; 361:377-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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24
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Lee JS, Kang Y, Kim JT, Thapa D, Lee ES, Kim JA. The anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity of synthetic phenylpropenone derivatives is mediated through the inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:22-30. [PMID: 22200628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammation. A variety of pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), exert their action through endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The synthetic phenylpropenone derivatives, used in this study were the following: 1,3-diphenyl-propenone (DPhP), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-propenone (PhT2P), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-3-yl-propenone (PhT3P) and 1-furan-2-yl-3-phenyl-propenone (FPhP). These derivatives were screened for their inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro using HUVECs and in vivo using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The order of anti-angiogenic activity was DPhP>FPhP>PhT3P>PhT2P. The most effective compound DPhP, also known as chalcone, showed weak VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity compared with the specific inhibitor, SU4312 (3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one). However, DPhP also inhibited several other receptor tyrosine kinases including Tie-2, epithermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, EphB2, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor, as revealed by a receptor tyrosine kinase array assay. In addition, the down-stream signaling, including ERK phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, after receptor activation was significantly inhibited by DPhP. Furthermore, in the HT29 human colon cancer cell-inoculated CAM assay, the tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis was significantly inhibited by DPhP (10μg/ml). These results suggest that the simple flavonoid, DPhP (chalcone), has valuable potential as an antiangiogenic and anti-cancer agent, and its action is mediated through the inhibition of multi-target RTKs including VEGF receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
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25
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Identification of phosphorylase kinase as a novel therapeutic target through high-throughput screening for anti-angiogenesis compounds in zebrafish. Oncogene 2011; 31:4333-42. [PMID: 22179836 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for development and tumor progression. With the aim of identifying new compound inhibitors of the angiogenesis process, we used an established enhanced green fluorescent protein-transgenic zebrafish line to develop an automated assay that enables high-throughput screening of compound libraries in a whole-organism setting. Using this system, we have identified novel kinase inhibitor compounds that show anti-angiogenic properties in both zebrafish in-vivo system and in human endothelial cell in-vitro angiogenesis models. Furthermore, we have determined the kinase target of these compounds and have identified and validated a previously uncharacterized involvement of phosphorylase kinase subunit G1 (PhKG1) in angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, we have found that PhKG1 is upregulated in human tumor samples and that aberrations in gene copy number of PhK subunits are a common feature of human tumors. Our results provide a novel insight into the angiogenesis process, as well as identify new potential targets for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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26
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Seng WL, Lin Y, Tang S, Zhong L. Development of a Hypoxia-Induced Zebrafish Choroidal Neovascularization Model. Zebrafish 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118102138.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Lindsey BW, Dumbarton TC, Moorman SJ, Smith FM, Croll RP. Effects of simulated microgravity on the development of the swimbladder and buoyancy control in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 315:302-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Gjini E, Hekking LH, Küchler A, Saharinen P, Wienholds E, Post JA, Alitalo K, Schulte-Merker S. Zebrafish Tie-2 shares a redundant role with Tie-1 in heart development and regulates vessel integrity. Dis Model Mech 2010; 4:57-66. [PMID: 21045210 PMCID: PMC3014345 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.005033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tie-2 is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and is required for vascular remodeling and maintenance of mammalian vessel integrity. A number of mutations in the human TIE2 gene have been identified in patients suffering from cutaneomucosal venous malformations and ventricular septal defects. How exactly Tie-2 signaling pathways play different roles in both vascular development and vascular stability is unknown. We have generated a zebrafish line carrying a stop mutation in the kinase domain of the Tie-2 receptor. Mutant embryos lack Tie-2 protein, but do not display any defect in heart and vessel development. Simultaneous loss of Tie-1 and Tie-2, however, leads to a cardiac phenotype. Our study shows that Tie-1 and Tie-2 are not required for early heart development, yet they have redundant roles for the maintenance of endocardial-myocardial connection in later stages. Tie-2 and its ligand Angiopoietin-1 have also been reported to play an important role in vessel stability. We used atorvastatin and simvastatin, drugs that cause bleeding in wild-type zebrafish larvae, to challenge vessel stability in tie-2 mutants. Interestingly, recent clinical studies have reported hemorrhagic stroke as a side effect of atorvastatin treatment. Exposure of embryos to statins revealed that tie-2 mutants are significantly protected from statin-induced bleeding. Furthermore, tie-2 mutants became less resistant to bleeding after VE-cadherin knockdown. Taken together, these data show that atorvastatin affects vessel stability through Tie-2, and that VE-cadherin and Tie-2 act in concert to allow vessel remodeling while playing a role in vessel stability. Our study introduces an additional vertebrate model to study in vivo the function of Tie-2 in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evisa Gjini
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Miloslavina A, Ebert C, Tietze D, Ohlenschläger O, Englert C, Görlach M, Imhof D. An unusual peptide from Conus villepinii: synthesis, solution structure, and cardioactivity. Peptides 2010; 31:1292-300. [PMID: 20385188 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The venom of marine cone snails contains a variety of conformationally constrained peptides utilized by the animal to capture prey. Besides numerous conotoxins, which are characterized by complex disulfide patterns, other peptides with only a single disulfide bridge were isolated from different conus species. Here, we report the synthesis, structure elucidation and biological evaluation of the novel C-terminally amidated decapeptide CCAP-vil, PFc[CNSFGC]YN-NH(2), from Conus villepinii. The linear precursor peptide was generated by standard solid phase synthesis. Oxidation of the cysteine residues to yield the disulfide-bridged peptide was investigated under different conditions, including several ionic liquids (ILs) as new biocompatible reaction media. Among the examined ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([C(2)mim][OTs]) was most efficient for CCAP-vil oxidative folding, since oxidation occurred without any byproduct formation. The structure of CCAP-vil was determined by NMR methods in aqueous solution and revealed a loop structure adopting a type(I) beta-turn between residues 4-7 imposed by the flanking disulfide bridge. The amino acid side chains of Pro(1), Phe(2), Phe(6) and Tyr(9) point in three directions away from the cyclic core into the solvent creating a rather hydrophobic surface of the molecule. Based on sequence homology to cardioactive peptides (CAPs) from gastropods and arthropods, such as PFc[CNAFTGC]-NH(2) (CCAP), the influence of CCAP-vil on heart rate using zebrafish embryos was investigated. CCAP-vil reduced the heart rate immediately upon injection into the heart as well as upon indirect application indicating an opposite effect to the cardioaccelerating CCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Miloslavina
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, Peptide Chemistry Group, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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30
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31
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Hogan BM, Herpers R, Witte M, Heloterä H, Alitalo K, Duckers HJ, Schulte-Merker S. Vegfc/Flt4 signalling is suppressed by Dll4 in developing zebrafish intersegmental arteries. Development 2009; 136:4001-9. [PMID: 19906867 DOI: 10.1242/dev.039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of arteries, veins and lymphatics from pre-existing vessels are intimately linked processes controlled by a number of well-studied reiteratively acting signalling pathways. To delineate the mechanisms governing vessel formation in vivo, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish and isolated the mutant expando. Molecular characterisation revealed a loss-of-function mutation in the highly conserved kinase insert region of flt4. Consistent with previous reports, flt4 mutants were deficient in lymphatic vascular development. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for Flt4 in blood vessels and showed that Dll4 limits angiogenic potential by limiting Flt4 function in developing blood vessels. We found that arterial angiogenesis proceeded normally, yet the dll4 loss-of-function arterial hyperbranching phenotype was rescued, in flt4 signalling mutants. Furthermore, we found that the Flt4 ligand Vegfc drives arterial hyperbranching in the absence of dll4. Upon knockdown of dll4, intersegmental arteries were sensitised to increased vegfc levels and the overexpression of dll4 inhibited Vegfc/Flt4-dependent angiogenesis events. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dll4 functions to suppress the ability of developing intersegmental arteries to respond to Vegfc-driven Flt4 signalling in zebrafish. We propose that this mechanism contributes to the differential response of developing arteries and veins to a constant source of Vegfc present in the embryo during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre, Utrecht, and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
Recently, messenger RNAs in eukaryotes have shown to associate with antisense (AS) transcript partners that are often referred to as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose function is largely unknown. Here, we have identified a natural AS transcript for tyrosine kinase containing immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain-1 (tie-1), tie-1AS lncRNA in zebrafish, mouse, and humans. In embryonic zebrafish, tie-1AS lncRNA transcript is expressed temporally and spatially in vivo with its native target, the tie-1 coding transcript and in additional locations (ear and brain). The tie-1AS lncRNA selectively binds tie-1 mRNA in vivo and regulates tie-1 transcript levels, resulting in specific defects in endothelial cell contact junctions in vivo and in vitro. The ratio of tie-1 versus tie-1AS lncRNA is altered in human vascular anomaly samples. These results directly implicate noncoding RNA-mediated transcriptional regulation of gene expression as a fundamental control mechanism for physiologic processes, such as vascular development.
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Fako VE, Furgeson DY. Zebrafish as a correlative and predictive model for assessing biomaterial nanotoxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:478-86. [PMID: 19389433 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lack of correlative and predictive models to assess acute and chronic toxicities limits the rapid pre-clinical development of new therapeutics. This barrier is due in part to the exponential growth of nanotechnology and nanotherapeutics, coupled with the lack of rigorous and robust screening assays and putative standards. It is a fairly simple and cost-effective process to initially screen the toxicity of a nanomaterial by using invitro cell cultures; unfortunately it is nearly impossible to imitate a complimentary invivo system. Small mammalian models are the most common method used to assess possible toxicities and biodistribution of nanomaterials in humans. Alternatively, Daniorerio, commonly known as zebrafish, are proving to be a quick, cheap, and facile model to conservatively assess toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie E Fako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706-1322, USA
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Campos LCG, Miyakawa AA, Barauna VG, Cardoso L, Borin TF, Dallan LADO, Krieger JE. Induction of CRP3/MLP expression during vein arterialization is dependent on stretch rather than shear stress. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:140-7. [PMID: 19351738 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3/muscle LIM-domain protein (CRP3/MLP) mediates protein-protein interaction with actin filaments in the heart and is involved in muscle differentiation and vascular remodelling. Here, we assessed the induction of CRP3/MLP expression during arterialization in human and rat veins. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular CRP3/MLP expression was mainly observed in arterial samples from both human and rat. Using quantitative real time RT-PCR, we demonstrated that the CRP3/MLP expression was 10 times higher in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from human mammary artery (h-MA) vs. saphenous vein (h-SV). In endothelial cells (ECs), CRP3/MLP was scarcely detected in either h-MA or h-SV. Using an ex vivo flow through system that mimics arterial condition, we observed induction of CRP3/MLP expression in arterialized h-SV. Interestingly, the upregulation of CRP3/MLP was primarily dependent on stretch stimulus in SMCs, rather than shear stress in ECs. Finally, using a rat vein in vivo arterialization model, early (1-14 days) CRP3/MLP immunostaining was observed predominantly in the inner layer and later (28-90 days) it appeared more scattered in the vessel layers. CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence that CRP3/MLP is primarily expressed in arterial SMCs and that stretch is the main stimulus for CRP3/MLP induction in veins exposed to arterial haemodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Cristina Gastalho Campos
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute , University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar, 44-10 andar, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil
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Zeng XXI, Zheng X, Xiang Y, Cho HP, Jessen JR, Zhong TP, Solnica-Krezel L, Brown HA. Phospholipase D1 is required for angiogenesis of intersegmental blood vessels in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2009; 328:363-76. [PMID: 19389349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to generate phosphatidic acid and choline. Studies in cultured cells and Drosophila melanogaster have implicated PLD in the regulation of many cellular functions, including intracellular vesicle trafficking, cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the function of PLD in vertebrate development has not been explored. Here we report cloning and characterization of a zebrafish PLD1 (pld1) homolog. Like mammalian PLDs, zebrafish Pld1 contains two conservative HKD motifs. Maternally contributed pld1 transcripts are uniformly distributed in early embryo. Localized expression of pld1 is observed in the notochord during early segmentation, in the somites during later segmentation and in the liver at the larval stages. Studies in intact and cell-free preparations demonstrate evolutionary conservation of regulation. Inhibition of Pld1 expression using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) interfering with the translation or splicing of pld1 impaired intersegmental vessel (ISV) development. Incubating embryos with 1-butanol, which diverts production of phosphatidic acid to a phosphatidylalcohol, caused similar ISV defects. To determine where Pld1 is required for ISV development we performed transplantation experiments. Analyses of the mosaic Pld1 deficient embryos showed partial suppression of ISV defects in the segments containing transplanted wild-type notochord cells but not in the ones containing wild-type somitic cells. These results provide the first evidence that function of Pld1 in the developing notochord is essential for vascular development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin I Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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He MF, Liu L, Ge W, Shaw PC, Jiang R, Wu LW, But PPH. Antiangiogenic activity of Tripterygium wilfordii and its terpenoids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:61-68. [PMID: 18996177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Celastraceae) has been traditionally used as folk medicine for centuries in China for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to assess the antiangiogenic activities which support the therapeutic use of Tripterygium wilfordii and its terpenoids for angiogenesis disease such as cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract of Tripterygium wilfordii and subsequent fractions were evaluated on an in vivo antiangiogenic zebrafish embryo model. RESULTS Three antiangiogenic terpenoids were isolated by bioassay-guided purification, namely, celastrol (4), cangoronine (5) and triptolide (7). Among them, triptolide manifested the most potent antiangiogenic activity against vessel formation by nearly 50% at 1.2 microM. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that triptolide dose- and time-dependently reduced the mRNA expression of angiopoietin (angpt)2 and tie2 in zebrafish, indicating the involvement of angpt2/tie2 signaling pathway in the antiangiogenic action of triptolide. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of an alternative pathway further confirms the value of ethnopharmacological investigations into traditional botanicals for leads for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang He
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
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Zheng PP, Severijnen LA, van der Weiden M, Willemsen R, Kros JM. A crucial role of caldesmon in vascular development in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:362-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gotsch F, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Dombrowski M, Erez O, Than NG, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Espinoza J, Hassan SS. Preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age are associated with decreased concentrations of a factor involved in angiogenesis: soluble Tie-2. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:389-402. [PMID: 18570117 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802046069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An anti-angiogenic state has been described in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses and fetal death, and changes in the concentration of circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors can precede the clinical recognition of preeclampsia and SGA by several weeks. Gene deletion studies demonstrate that a selective group of endothelial growth factors are required for vascular development, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, as well as angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), both ligands for the tyrosine kinase endothelial cell receptor Tie-2. These angiogenic factors have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in a coordinated and complementary fashion. Soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2) is the soluble form of the Tie-2 receptor, which is detectable in biological fluids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with preeclampsia and mothers who deliver a SGA neonate have changes in the plasma concentrations of sTie-2. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included patients in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant women (n = 40), (2) women with normal pregnancies (n = 135), (3) patients with preeclampsia (n = 112), and (4) patients who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 53). Maternal plasma concentrations of sTie-2 were measured by a sensitive immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS (1) The median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 was lower in normal pregnant women than in non-pregnant women [median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6) vs. median 20.7 ng/mL (range 10.8-52.4), respectively; p = 0.01)). (2) Plasma sTie-2 concentrations in normal pregnancy changed significantly as a function of gestational age. (3) Patients with preeclampsia and those who delivered SGA neonates had a lower median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 than those with a normal pregnancy [preeclampsia: median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3); SGA: median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1); normal pregnancy: median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6); p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively]. (4) Patients with SGA neonates had a lower median plasma concentration of sTie-2 than that of those with preeclampsia [median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1) vs. median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3), respectively; p < 0.001]. (5) Patients with early-onset preeclampsia (<or=34 weeks) had lower concentrations of sTie-2 than women with late-onset preeclampsia (>34 weeks) median of delta values: -0.13 ng/mL (range -0.47-0.58) vs. median of delta values: -0.09 ng/mL (range: -0.60-0.58), respectively; p = 0.043]. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the maternal plasma sTie-2 concentration between women with severe and mild preeclampsia (p = 0.6). CONCLUSION Patients with preeclampsia and those with SGA fetuses have lower median plasma concentrations of soluble Tie-2 than women with normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Pendeville H, Winandy M, Manfroid I, Nivelles O, Motte P, Pasque V, Peers B, Struman I, Martial JA, Voz ML. Zebrafish Sox7 and Sox18 function together to control arterial-venous identity. Dev Biol 2008; 317:405-16. [PMID: 18377889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sox7 and Sox18 are members of the F-subgroup of Sox transcription factors family and are mostly expressed in endothelial compartments. In humans, dominant mutations in Sox18 are the underlying cause of the severe hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia disorder characterized by vascular defects. However little is known about which vasculogenic processes Sox7 and Sox18 regulate in vivo. We cloned the orthologs of Sox7 and Sox18 in zebrafish, analysed their expression pattern and performed functional analyses. Both genes are expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm during somitogenesis. At later stages, Sox18 is expressed in all axial vessels whereas Sox7 expression is mainly restricted to the dorsal aorta. Knockdown of Sox7 or Sox18 alone failed to reveal any phenotype. In contrast, blocking the two genes simultaneously led to embryos displaying dysmorphogenesis of the proximal aorta and arteriovenous shunts, all of which can account for the lack of circulation observed in the trunk and tail. Gene expression analyses performed with general endothelial markers on double morphants revealed that Sox7 and Sox18 are dispensable for the initial specification and positioning of the major trunk vessels. However, morphants display ectopic expression of the venous Flt4 marker in the dorsal aorta and a concomitant reduction of the artery-specific markers EphrinB2a and Gridlock. The striking similarities between the phenotype of Sox7/Sox18 morphants and Gridlock mutants strongly suggest that Sox7 and Sox18 control arterial-venous identity by regulating Gridlock expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pendeville
- GIGA-Research - Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Génie Génétique, Tour B34, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium.
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Tran TC, Sneed B, Haider J, Blavo D, White A, Aiyejorun T, Baranowski TC, Rubinstein AL, Doan TN, Dingledine R, Sandberg EM. Automated, quantitative screening assay for antiangiogenic compounds using transgenic zebrafish. Cancer Res 2008; 67:11386-92. [PMID: 18056466 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic angiogenesis has emerged as an important therapeutic target in several major diseases. Zebrafish offer the potential for high-throughput drug discovery in a whole vertebrate system. We developed the first quantitative, automated assay for antiangiogenic compound identification using zebrafish embryos. This assay uses transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent blood vessels to facilitate image analysis. We developed methods for automated drugging and imaging of zebrafish in 384-well plates and developed a custom algorithm to quantify the number of angiogenic blood vessels in zebrafish. The assay was used to screen the LOPAC1280 compound library for antiangiogenic compounds. Two known antiangiogenic compounds, SU4312 and AG1478, were identified as hits. Additionally, one compound with no previously known antiangiogenic activity, indirubin-3'-monoxime (IRO), was identified. We showed that each of the hit compounds had dose-dependent antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish. The IC(50) of SU4312, AG1478, and IRO in the zebrafish angiogenesis assay was 1.8, 8.5, and 0.31 micromol/L, respectively. IRO had the highest potency of the hit compounds. Moreover, IRO inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation and proliferation (IC(50) of 6.5 and 0.36 micromol/L, respectively). It is therefore the first antiangiogenic compound discovered initially in a zebrafish assay that also has demonstrable activity in human endothelial cell-based angiogenesis assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cameron Tran
- Zygogen, LLC, 24 Peachtree Center Avenue, 520 Kell Hall, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Abstract
Danio rerio, commonly referred to as the zebrafish, is a powerful animal model for studying the formation of the vasculature. Zebrafish offer unique opportunities for in vivo analysis of blood and lymphatic vessels formation because of their accessibility to large-scale genetic and experimental analysis as well as the small size, optical clarity, and external development of zebrafish embryos and larvae. A wide variety of established techniques are available to study vessel formation in the zebrafish, from early endothelial cell differentiation to adult vessel patterning. In this chapter, we review methods used to functionally manipulate and visualize the vasculature in the zebrafish and illustrate how these methods have helped further understanding of the genetic components regulating formation and patterning of developing vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C McKinney
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Robertson GN, McGee CAS, Dumbarton TC, Croll RP, Smith FM. Development of the swimbladder and its innervation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. J Morphol 2007; 268:967-85. [PMID: 17702001 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many teleosts including zebrafish, Danio rerio, actively regulate buoyancy with a gas-filled swimbladder, the volume of which is controlled by autonomic reflexes acting on vascular, muscular, and secretory effectors. In this study, we investigated the morphological development of the zebrafish swimbladder together with its effectors and innervation. The swimbladder first formed as a single chamber, which inflated at 1-3 days posthatching (dph), 3.5-4 mm body length. Lateral nerves were already present as demonstrated by the antibody zn-12, and blood vessels had formed in parallel on the cranial aspect to supply blood to anastomotic capillary loops as demonstrated by Tie-2 antibody staining. Neuropeptide Y-(NPY-) like immunoreactive (LIR) fibers appeared early in the single-chambered stage, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-LIR fibers and cell bodies developed by 10 dph (5 mm). By 18 dph (6 mm), the anterior chamber formed by evagination from the cranial end of the original chamber; both chambers then enlarged with the ductus communicans forming a constriction between them. The parallel blood vessels developed into an arteriovenous rete on the cranial aspect of the posterior chamber and this region was innervated by zn-12-reactive fibers. Tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-), NPY-, and VIP-LIR fibers also innervated this area and the lateral posterior chamber. Innervation of the early anterior chamber was also demonstrated by VIP-LIR fibers. By 25-30 dph (8-9 mm), a band of smooth muscle formed in the lateral wall of the posterior chamber. Although gas in the swimbladder increased buoyancy of young larvae just after first inflation, our results suggest that active control of the swimbladder may not occur until after the formation of the two chambers and subsequent development and maturation of vasculature, musculature and innervation of these structures at about 28-30 dph.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Robertson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1X5 Canada
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High-resolution imaging of the dynamic tumor cell vascular interface in transparent zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:17406-11. [PMID: 17954920 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703446104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell metastasis is a highly dynamic process that occurs in multiple steps. Understanding this process has been limited by the inability to visualize tumor cell behavior in real time by using animal models. Here, we employ translucent zebrafish and high-resolution confocal microscopy to study how human cancer cells invade in tissues, induce angiogenesis, and interact with newly formed vessels. We use this system to study how the human metastatic gene RhoC promotes the initial steps of metastasis. We find that RhoC expression induces a primitive amoeboid-like cell invasion characterized by the formation of dynamic membrane protrusions and blebs. Surprisingly, these structures penetrate the blood vessel wall exclusively at sites of vascular remodeling and not at regions of existing intact vessels. This process requires tumor cells to secrete VEGF, which induces vascular openings, which in turn, serve as portholes allowing access of RhoC-expressing cells to the blood system. Our results support a model in which the early steps in intravasation and metastasis require two independent events: (i) dynamic regulation of the actin/myosin cytoskeleton within the tumor cell to form protrusive structures and (ii) vascular permeablization and vessel remodeling. The integration of zebrafish transgenic technology with human cancer biology may aid in the development of cancer models that target specific organs, tissues, or cell types within the tumors. Zebrafish could also provide a cost-effective means for the rapid development of therapeutic agents directed at blocking human cancer progression and tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Jin SW, Herzog W, Santoro MM, Mitchell TS, Frantsve J, Jungblut B, Beis D, Scott IC, D'Amico LA, Ober EA, Verkade H, Field HA, Chi NC, Wehman AM, Baier H, Stainier DYR. A transgene-assisted genetic screen identifies essential regulators of vascular development in vertebrate embryos. Dev Biol 2007; 307:29-42. [PMID: 17531218 PMCID: PMC2695512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a functional vasculature during mammalian development is essential for embryonic survival. In addition, imbalance in blood vessel growth contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous disorders. Most of our understanding of vascular development and blood vessel growth comes from investigating the Vegf signaling pathway as well as the recent observation that molecules involved in axon guidance also regulate vascular patterning. In order to take an unbiased, yet focused, approach to identify novel genes regulating vascular development, we performed a three-step ENU mutagenesis screen in zebrafish. We first screened live embryos visually, evaluating blood flow in the main trunk vessels, which form by vasculogenesis, and the intersomitic vessels, which form by angiogenesis. Embryos that displayed reduced or absent circulation were fixed and stained for endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity to reveal blood vessel morphology. All putative mutants were then crossed into the Tg(flk1:EGFP)(s843) transgenic background to facilitate detailed examination of endothelial cells in live and fixed embryos. We screened 4015 genomes and identified 30 mutations affecting various aspects of vascular development. Specifically, we identified 3 genes (or loci) that regulate the specification and/or differentiation of endothelial cells, 8 genes that regulate vascular tube and lumen formation, 8 genes that regulate vascular patterning, and 11 genes that regulate vascular remodeling, integrity and maintenance. Only 4 of these genes had previously been associated with vascular development in zebrafish illustrating the value of this focused screen. The analysis of the newly defined loci should lead to a greater understanding of vascular development and possibly provide new drug targets to treat the numerous pathologies associated with dysregulated blood vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Genetics and Human Genetics, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Li X, Xiong JW, Shelley CS, Park H, Arnaout MA. The transcription factor ZBP-89 controls generation of the hematopoietic lineage in zebrafish and mouse embryonic stem cells. Development 2006; 133:3641-50. [PMID: 16914492 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic development is closely linked to that of blood vessels and the two processes are regulated in large part by transcription factors that control cell fate decisions and cellular differentiation. Both blood and blood vessels derive from a common progenitor, termed the hemangioblast, but the factor(s) specifying the development and differentiation of this stem cell population into the hematopoietic and vascular lineages remain ill defined. Here, we report that knockdown of the Krüppel-like transcription factor ZBP-89 in zebrafish embryos results in a bloodless phenotype, caused by disruption of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, while leaving primary blood vessel formation intact. Injection of ZBP-89 mRNA into cloche zebrafish embryos, which lack both the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages, rescues hematopoiesis but not vasculogenesis. Injection of mRNA for Stem Cell Leukemia (SCL), a transcription factor that directs hemangioblast development into blood cell precursors, rescues the bloodless phenotype in ZBP-89 zebrafish morphants. Forced expression of ZBP-89 induces the expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in wild-type zebrafish and in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures but inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. These findings establish a unique regulatory role for ZBP-89, positioned at the interface between early blood and blood vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangen Li
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Wang Y, Shupenko CC, Melo LF, Strauss PR. DNA repair protein involved in heart and blood development. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:9083-93. [PMID: 16966376 PMCID: PMC1636828 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01216-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, a key enzyme in repairing abasic sites in DNA, is an embryonic lethal in mice. We are examining its role in embryogenesis in zebra fish. Zebra fish contain two genomic copies (zfAPEX1a and zfAPEX1b) with identical coding sequences. zfAPEX1b lacks introns. Recombinant protein (ZAP1) is highly homologous with and has the same enzymatic properties as its human orthologue. ZAP1 is highly expressed throughout development. Embryos microinjected with morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) targeting the translation start site die at approximately the midblastula transition (MBT) without apoptosis. They are rescued with mRNA for human wild-type APEX1 but not for APEX1 encoding endonuclease-defective protein. Rescued embryos develop dysmorphic hearts, pericardial edema, few erythrocytes, small eyes, and abnormal notochords. Although the hearts in rescued embryos form defective loops ranging from no loop to one that is abnormally shaped, cardiac myosin (cmlc2) is present and contraction occurs. Embryos microinjected with MO targeting zfAPEX1a intron-exon junctions also pass the MBT with similar abnormalities. We conclude that AP endonuclease 1 is involved in both repairing DNA and regulating specific early stages of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang L, Mukhopadhyay D, Xu X. C terminus of RGS-GAIP-interacting protein conveys neuropilin-1-mediated signaling during angiogenesis. FASEB J 2006; 20:1513-5. [PMID: 16754745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5504fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Initially, it was thought that there was no intracellular signaling mediated by NRP-1 alone in response to its ligands. However, the emerging data from our group as well as others suggest that the signaling through NRP-1 actually promotes angiogenesis and is mediated through its C-terminal domain and downstream molecules such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Hence, understanding the signal transduction pathways mediated by NRP-1 and identification of its downstream molecules are of importance. By using both in vivo zebrafish model and in vitro tissue culture system, we have shown that the C-terminal three amino acids of NRP-1 (SEA-COOH) are required for NRP-1-mediated angiogenesis. Furthermore, knocking down of RGS-GAIP-interacting protein C terminus (GIPC) in zebrafish, which is associated with C-terminal domain of NRP-1, exhibits similar vasculature phenotypes to those from NRP-1 null. Specific and effective silencing of GIPC in vascular endothelium results in inhibition of NRP-1-mediated migration. In both cases as described, PDZ domain of GIPC is responsible for its function. Taken together, our data suggest a novel role of GIPC in angiogenesis and vessel formation and also support our hypothesis that NRP-1 can facilitate downstream signaling to promote angiogenesis through GIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gugg 1401A, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Jin SW, Beis D, Mitchell T, Chen JN, Stainier DYR. Cellular and molecular analyses of vascular tube and lumen formation in zebrafish. Development 2005; 132:5199-209. [PMID: 16251212 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tube and lumen formation are essential steps in forming a functional vasculature. Despite their significance, our understanding of these processes remains limited, especially at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, we analyze mechanisms of angioblast coalescence in the zebrafish embryonic midline and subsequent vascular tube formation. To facilitate these studies, we generated a transgenic line where EGFP expression is controlled by the zebrafish flk1 promoter. We find that angioblasts migrate as individual cells to form a vascular cord at the midline. This transient structure is stabilized by endothelial cell-cell junctions, and subsequently undergoes lumen formation to form a fully patent vessel. Downregulating the VEGF signaling pathway, while affecting the number of angioblasts, does not appear to affect their migratory behavior. Our studies also indicate that the endoderm, a tissue previously implicated in vascular development, provides a substratum for endothelial cell migration and is involved in regulating the timing of this process, but that it is not essential for the direction of migration. In addition, the endothelial cells in endodermless embryos form properly lumenized vessels, contrary to what has been previously reported in Xenopus and avian embryos. These studies provide the tools and a cellular framework for the investigation of mutations affecting vasculogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Program in Developmental Biology, University of California San Francisco, 1550 Fourth street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Tang J, Hu G, Hanai JI, Yadlapalli G, Lin Y, Zhang B, Galloway J, Bahary N, Sinha S, Thisse B, Thisse C, Jin JP, Zon LI, Sukhatme VP. A critical role for calponin 2 in vascular development. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:6664-72. [PMID: 16317011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506991200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calponin 2 (h2 calponin, CNN2) is an actin-binding protein implicated in cytoskeletal organization. We have found that the expression of calponin 2 is relatively restricted to vasculature from 16 to 30 h post-fertilization during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. Forty-eight hours after injecting antisense morpholino oligos against calponin 2 into embryos at the 1-4-cell stage, zebrafish demonstrated various cardiovascular defects, including sluggish axial and head circulation, absence of circulation in intersegmental vessels and in the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel, enlarged cerebral ventricles, and pericardial edema, in addition to an excess bending, spiraling tail and twisting of the caudal fin. Knockdown of calponin 2 in the Tg(fli1:EGFP)(y1) zebrafish line (in which a fli1 promoter drives vascular-specific enhanced green fluorescent protein expression) indicated that diminished calponin 2 expression blocked the proper migration of endothelial cells during formation of intersegmental vessels. In vitro studies showed that basic fibroblast growth factor-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration was down-regulated by knockdown of calponin 2 expression using an antisense adenovirus, and overexpression of calponin 2 enhanced migration and hastened wound healing. These events were correlated with activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase; moreover, inhibition of this pathway blocked the promigratory effect of calponin 2. Collectively, these data suggest that calponin 2 plays an important role in the migration of endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro and that its expression is critical for proper vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Renal Division and Center for Study of the Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Chen E, Stringer SE, Rusch MA, Selleck SB, Ekker SC. A unique role for 6-O sulfation modification in zebrafish vascular development. Dev Biol 2005; 284:364-76. [PMID: 16009360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 05/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are important modulators of growth factor signaling in a variety of patterning processes. Secreted growth factors that play critical roles in angiogenesis bind to heparan sulfate, and this association is affected by 6-O-sulfation of the heparan sulfate chains. Addition of 6-O-sulfate is catalyzed by a family of sulfotransferases (HS6STs), and genetic manipulation of their function permits an assessment of their contribution to vascular assembly. We report on the biochemical activity and expression patterns of two zebrafish HS6ST genes. In situ hybridization reveals dynamic and distinct expression patterns of these two genes during development. Structural analysis of heparan sulfate from wild-type and morpholino antisense 'knockdown' embryos suggests that HS6ST-1 and HS6ST-2 have similar biochemical activity. HS6ST-2, but not HS6ST-1, morphants exhibit abnormalities in the branching morphogenesis of the caudal vein during embryonic development of the zebrafish. Our finding that HS6ST-2 is required for the branching morphogenesis of the caudal vein is the first in vivo evidence for an essential role of a gene encoding a heparan sulfate modifying enzyme in vertebrate angiogenesis. Our analysis of two zebrafish HS6ST genes suggests that a wide range of biological processes may be regulated by an array of sulfation-modifying enzymes in the vertebrate genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Chen
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for Transposon Research, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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