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Zhang J, Gan L, Xu MD, Huang M, Zhang X, Gong Y, Wang X, Yu G, Guo W. The prognostic value of age in non-metastatic gastric cancer after gastrectomy: a retrospective study in the U.S. and China. J Cancer 2018; 9:1188-1199. [PMID: 29675100 PMCID: PMC5907667 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We explored the influence of age on clinicopathologic features and survival of patients with M0 gastric cancer (GC). Methods: 16856 GC patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and 1037 GC patients from Chinese multiple centers were enrolled in the U.S. and Chinese cohort, respectively. 50-year-old was treated as cutoff age. Propensity score method was used to carry out a 1:1 paired match. Results: In the U.S. cohort, we found that younger patients presented poor tumor behavior. However, in spite of worse outcome in stage I~IV cohort, young group showed better 3-year survival in M0 patients, especially for those who underwent a total gastrectomy. In a matched analysis, a better prognosis was still observed in younger group. The prognostic value of age was also validated in M0 GC patients with gastrectomy in Chinese cohort. Conclusions: In spite of the worse outcome in survival curve of stage I~IV GC cohort, young patients with gastrectomy presented favorable survival in M0 subgroup. It is also applicable in China. Early diagnosis and treatment should be taken seriously in young GC patients since they often possess poorer characteristics but benefited more from gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mi-Die Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, the 117th Hospital of PLA, 14 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Tsai KF, Liou JM, Chen MJ, Chen CC, Kuo SH, Lai IR, Yeh KH, Lin MT, Wang HP, Cheng AL, Lin JT, Shun CT, Wu MS. Distinct Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Helicobacter pylori Negative Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170942. [PMID: 28152027 PMCID: PMC5289528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether the characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) are different in patients with and without Helicobacter pylori (HP) remains controversial. The definitions of HP status in patients with atrophic gastritis but negative tests for HP are heterogeneous. We aimed to assess the impact of HP on the prognosis of GC using different definitions. Methods From 1998 Nov to 2011 Jul, five hundred and sixty-seven consecutive patients with GC were included. HP status was determined by serology and histology. Patients with any positive test were defined as HP infection. Patients without HP infection whose serum pepsinogen (PG) I <70 ng/dl and PG I/II ratio < 3.0 were defined as atrophic gastritis and they were categorized into model 1: HP positive; model 2: HP negative; and model 3: exclusion of these patients. Results We found four characteristics of HP negative GC in comparison to HP positive GC: (1) higher proportion of the proximal tumor location (24.0%, P = 0.004), (2) more diffuse histologic type (56.1%, p = 0.008), (3) younger disease onset (58.02 years, p = 0.008) and (4) more stage IV disease (40.6%, p = 0.03). Patients with negative HP had worse overall survival (24.0% vs. 35.8%, p = 0.035). In Cox regression models, the negative HP status is an independent poor prognostic factor (HR: 1.34, CI:1.04–1.71, p = 0.019) in model 1, especially in stage I, II and III patients (HR: 1.62; CI:1.05–2.51,p = 0.026). Conclusion We found the distinct characteristics of HP negative GC. The prognosis of HP negative GC was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Feng Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jyh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Rue Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MSW); (CTS)
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MSW); (CTS)
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Song M, Kang D, Yang JJ, Choi JY, Sung H, Lee Y, Yoon HS, Choi Y, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Kim WH. Age and sex interactions in gastric cancer incidence and mortality trends in Korea. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:580-9. [PMID: 25091081 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have declined rapidly over the past few decades, but reverse trends in the young generation's differential between sexes in some races have been reported in recent years. To investigate whether this divergent trend can be observed in Korea, a country with the highest incidence in the world, age- and sex-specific incidence and mortality trends were evaluated. METHODS Gastric cancer incidence data for the years 1999-2010 and mortality data for the years 1983-2012 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry and National Statistical Office. Annual percentage changes were calculated by age group (20-39, 40-54, 55-69, 70-79) using Joinpoint regression analysis. Furthermore, age-period-cohort analysis was evaluated. RESULTS Overall age-standardized gastric cancer incidence in adults aged between 20 and 79 was declining at a nonsignificant average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -0.2 % in males and -0.4 % in females in Korea during 1999-2010. Mortality was steeper at a significant rate of -4.3 and -5.9 % in males and females, respectively. However, age-specific analysis revealed a flat (males 0.2 %, 95 % CI -0.5-0.6) or increasing incidence trend (females 1.7 %, 95 % CI 0.9-2.5) in the 40-54 age group. APC analysis confirmed the decreasing incidence and mortality trend mainly by the cohort effect. CONCLUSIONS The differential pattern between males and females in different age groups suggests a possible effect of detection by screening practice or a signal of the change in epidemiological factors in the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer that warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyo Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang Y, Zhou X, Song Y, Ji X, Zhang A, Zhang G, Gao Z. The mismatch repair gene hPMS1 (human postmeiotic segregation1) is down regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2013; 524:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yamanaka S, Olaru AV, An F, Luvsanjav D, Jin Z, Agarwal R, Tomuleasa C, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Dima S, Chivu M, Montgomery EA, Torbenson M, Meltzer SJ, Selaru FM. MicroRNA-21 inhibits Serpini1, a gene with novel tumour suppressive effects in gastric cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44:589-96. [PMID: 22464652 PMCID: PMC3360813 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thorough understanding of gastric cancer at the molecular level is urgently needed. One prominent oncogenic microRNA, miR-21, was previously reported to be upregulated in gastric cancer. METHODS We performed an unbiased search for downstream messenger RNA targets of miR-21, based on miR-21 dysregulation, by using human tissue specimens and the MKN28 human gastric carcinoma cell line. Molecular techniques include microRNA microarrays, cDNA microarrays, qRT-PCR for miR and mRNA expression, transfection of MKN28 with miR-21 inhibitor or Serpini1 followed by Western blotting, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS This search identified Serpini1 as a putative miR-21 target. Luciferase assays demonstrated direct interaction between miR-21 and Serpini1 3'UTR. miR-21 and Serpini1 expression levels were inversely correlated in a subgroup of gastric cancers, suggesting a regulatory mechanism that included both of these molecules. Furthermore, Serpini1 induced growth retardation of MKN28 and induced vigorous G1/S arrest suggesting its potential tumour-suppressive function in the stomach. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that in a subgroup of gastric cancers, miR-21 is upregulated, inducing downregulation of Serpini1, which in turn releases the G1-S transition checkpoint, with the end result being increased tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Yamanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandru V. Olaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fangmei An
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Delgermaa Luvsanjav
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhe Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachana Agarwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Comprehensive Cancer Center and Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Clinic of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation "Dan Setlacec", Fundeni Clinical Institute of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Alexandrescu
- Clinic of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation "Dan Setlacec", Fundeni Clinical Institute of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Dima
- Clinic of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation "Dan Setlacec", Fundeni Clinical Institute of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Chivu
- Clinic of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation "Dan Setlacec", Fundeni Clinical Institute of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Michael Torbenson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J. Meltzer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yonezawa S, Kitajima S, Higashi M, Osako M, Horinouchi M, Yokoyama S, Kitamoto S, Yamada N, Tamura Y, Shimizu T, Tabata M, Goto M. A novel anti-MUC1 antibody against the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail domain: use in sensitive identification of poorly differentiated cells in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Gastric Cancer 2012; 15:370-81. [PMID: 22237656 PMCID: PMC3477479 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-011-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated cancer cells of non-solid type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (por2) or signet-ring cell carcinoma (sig) are frequently seen in scirrhous gastric cancers with a very poor prognosis. These cells are often scattered in granulation tissue or desmoplastic fibrotic tissue and tend to be overlooked in routine pathological examination. We aimed to raise a novel antibody that can identify the isolated cancer cells easily. METHODS Because the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) has many biological roles including tumor progression and cell adhesion disturbance and is expected to be expressed in isolated cancer cells, we raised a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) MUC1-014E against an intracellular nonrepeating 19-amino-acid sequence (RYVPPSSTDRSPYEKVSAG: N-1217-1235-C) of the MUC1 CTD, using a synthetic peptide including the 7-amino-acid epitope (STDRSPY: N-1223-1229-C). RESULTS In the immunohistochemical staining of 107 gastrectomy specimens including 48 por2 and 31 sig lesions, the MAb MUC1-014E showed high rates of positive staining (≥5% of carcinoma cells stained) for por2 (100%) and sig (97%), and of the highest intensity staining (4+, ≥75% of carcinoma cells stained) for por2 (100%) and sig (90%). In the 89 biopsy specimens including 82 por2 and 38 sig lesions, the MAb MUC1-014E showed high rates of positive staining for por2 (100%) and sig (100%) and of 4+ staining for por2 (87%) and sig (84%). All the rates were significantly higher than those with cytokeratins (AE1/AE3 or CAM5.2). CONCLUSIONS The MAb MUC1-014E is very useful for accurate detection of isolated cancer cells in scirrhous gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yonezawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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7
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Bacani J, Zwingerman R, Di Nicola N, Spencer S, Wegrynowski T, Mitchell K, Hay K, Redston M, Holowaty E, Huntsman D, Pollett A, Riddell R, Gallinger S. Tumor microsatellite instability in early onset gastric cancer. J Mol Diagn 2005; 7:465-77. [PMID: 16237216 PMCID: PMC1888489 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Genetic factors are implicated, including DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency manifested as tumor microsatellite instability (MSI). However, a standardized panel of markers and a definition of low-versus-high level MSI in GC are lacking. We examined a population-based cohort of early onset (or=3 markers MSI+/MSI-high) demonstrated MMR protein deficiency. Three novel hMLH1 mutations (two germline frameshift and one somatic nonsense) were also found. The only significant clinicopathological associations were increased tumor size in MSI+ cases (P=0.04) and Lauren histotype (P=0.006) and tumor grade (P=0.007) in MSI-high cases. Tumor size, location, depth, nodal status, and Ming subtype were significant prognostic variables. Therefore, we propose a new definition of high-level MSI based on unifying characteristics of instability of more than or equal to three of six mononucleotide markers and loss of MMR protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julinor Bacani
- Center for Cancer gEnetics-Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
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8
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Rugge M, Bersani G, Bertorelle R, Pennelli G, Russo VM, Farinati F, Bartolini D, Cassaro M, Alvisi V. Microsatellite instability and gastric non-invasive neoplasia in a high risk population in Cesena, Italy. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:805-10. [PMID: 16049280 PMCID: PMC1770888 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.025676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In the natural history of gastric cancer, non-invasive neoplasia (NiN) precedes invasive carcinoma. A histological classification of gastric NiN has recently been proposed by a World Health Organisation international panel of experts. Genetic instability is known to be among the molecular pathways involved in gastric oncogenesis. In this retrospective cross sectional study, microsatellite instability (MSI) was analysed in a consecutive series of NiN and NiN related histological alterations from a northern Italian region at high risk for gastric cancer. PATIENTS/METHODS Fifty five consecutive cases (indefinite for NiN, 29 cases; low grade NiN, 17 cases; high grade NiN, nine cases) were analysed by radioactive polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis for microsatellite alterations at six loci (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, and D3S1317). MSI was defined according to the Bethesda criteria distinguishing: (1) no instability in the analysed loci; (2) low frequency MSI (MSI-L); and (3) high frequency MSI (MSI-H). Immunohistochemical expression of MLH1 and MSH2 proteins was also analysed in all cases. RESULTS Overall, MSI was found in 11 of 55 cases (indefinite for NiN, five of 29 (MSI-L, four; MSI-H, one); low grade NiN, three of 17 (MSI-L, one; MSI-H, two); high grade NiN, three of nine (MSI-L, one; MSI-H, two). CONCLUSIONS In an Italian high risk area for gastric cancer, MSI is part of the spectrum of genetic alterations in gastric non-invasive neoplasia. In European populations at high risk of gastric cancer, DNA repair system alterations are thought to be among the early molecular events in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rugge
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy.
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Koo SH, Jeong TE, Kang J, Kwon KC, Park JW, Noh SM. Prognostic implications for gastric carcinoma based on loss of heterozygosity genotypes correlation with clinicopathologic variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 153:26-31. [PMID: 15325090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Revised: 12/18/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study we used polymorphic DNA markers to examine 38 patients with gastric carcinoma for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on five chromosomal arms. The aims were to compare LOH genotyping with the clinicopathologic variables and to identify some genetic differences between early (EGC) and advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC). The frequency of LOH was found in 27 of 38 (71.1%) cases with a low-level LOH in 17 (44.7%) and a high-level LOH (LOH-H) in 10 (26.3%). There was statistical significance found in the differentiation of cells (WD/MD vs. PD [well or moderately differentiated vs. poorly differentiated]), metastasis (absent vs. present), and tumor-node-metastasis stage (I/II vs. III/IV) based on LOH genotyping. The frequency of LOH in the markers of chromosome 6 revealed a significant difference between the early and advanced stages (P=0.043). However, there were no differences in each chromosome or in the number of affected chromosomes with an allelic loss between the histologic types EGC and AGC, except for the frequency of the markers on chromosome 22. These findings suggest that LOH genotyping may be another independent prognostic indicator in gastric carcinoma, that LOH-H, particularly the LOH on chromosome 6, could be associated with an unfavorable prognosis, while the LOH on chromosome 22 may be related to the histologic progression of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hoe Koo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daesa-dong 640, Daejon City 301-721, South Korea.
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Kim KM, Kwon MS, Hong SJ, Min KO, Seo EJ, Lee KY, Choi SW, Rhyu MG. Genetic classification of intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancers based on chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability. Virchows Arch 2003; 443:491-500. [PMID: 12920592 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-003-0840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2003] [Accepted: 05/06/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The stage of gastrointestinal cancers has been correlated with the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI). This study delineated the category of the extent of LOH and the presence of MSI for the genetic classification of the intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancers that frequently exhibited intralesional heterogeneity. A total of 390 tumor foci from 116 gastric cancers were screened using a panel of 40 microsatellite markers on chromosomes 3p, 4p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 13q, 17p, and 18q. One MSI-positive gastric cancer accompanying a LOH-positive focus and 19 gastric cancers with an intralesional LOH heterogeneity with a similar extent were identified. One hundred and sixteen gastric cancers were categorized based on the presence of MSI (16 cases) and the extent of LOH (100 cases) in a representative focus. A large fraction of MSI-positive cases was found in the intestinal-type (94%), late-onset (mean age 68 years), early-stage (75%) diseases (P<0.05). The diffuse-type gastric cancers with a baseline-level loss involving zero or one chromosome showed a correlation with the earlier onset (mean age 45 years), advanced-stage (81%) diseases (P<0.0001). In both the intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancers, a low-level loss involving 0-3 chromosomes (2-3 chromosomes in the diffuse type) and a high-level loss involving 4-7 chromosomes were predominant in the early (69%) and advanced (86%) stages, respectively (P<0.0001), at similar mean ages of onset (61 years and 65 years). Gastric cancers were categorized into low-risk (MSI and low-level LOH) and high-risk (baseline-level and high-level LOH) genotypes displaying cell-type- and age-dependent oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Bruce CK, Howard P, Nowak NJ, Hoban PR. Molecular analysis of region t(5;6)(q21;q21) in Wilms tumor. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2003; 141:106-13. [PMID: 12606127 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the physical localization of a constitutional t(5;6)(q21;q21) in a patient (tumor cell sample designated as MA214) with bilateral Wilms tumor (WT). We have now physically refined the breakpoints and identified putative gene targets within this region. The translocation breakpoints are contained within a 2.5-Mbp region on 5q21 containing four candidate genes and a 1.3-Mbp region on 6q21 that contains three candidate genes. To explore the role of this region in WT genesis, we have performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis with markers flanking the translocation breakpoints in tumor from MA214 and a panel of sporadic WT. Alleles were retained for all informative markers used in the MA214 tumor. In sporadic tumors LOH was found in 6 of 63 (9.5%) and 5 of 62 (8%) informative cases for flanking markers D6S301 and D6S1592 on 6q21. LOH was found in 3 of 58 (5.2%) and 2 of 54 (3.6%) for flanking markers D5S495 and D5S409 on 5q21. These preliminary data suggest LOH at the t(5;6)(q21;q21) region is unlikely to be a mechanism for tumor development in MA214, but may be important for a subgroup of sporadic WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Bruce
- Centre for Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Keele, North Stafforshire Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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12
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Lim S, Lee HS, Kim HS, Kim YI, Kim WH. Alteration of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion protein is common, but microsatellite instability is uncommon in young age gastric cancers. Histopathology 2003; 42:128-36. [PMID: 12558744 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric adenocarcinoma in young patients has been considered to differ in many ways from gastric carcinoma in older patients. This study was designed to determine the clinicopathological features and molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on 4123 patients of gastric cancer in Seoul National University Hospital, 135 patients (3.3%) were chosen by the age of 30 years or younger. Expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, p53 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was analysed using the tissue array method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined. As a control, 320 cases of older patients were compared. Gastric adenocarcinoma of young patients revealed significant female predominance, type IV gross type, proximal location, diffuse type and frequent lymph node metastasis. In-situ hybridization for EBV showed higher positivity in young patients (9/78, 11.5%) than in older ones, but not statistically significant. In EBV+ cases, p53 over-expression was significantly higher in young patients than older patients (P < 0.05). Alteration of E-cadherin or beta-catenin was significantly higher in younger patients than in older patients (P < 0.05). Overall survival was significantly poorer in younger patients than older ones. The frequency of MSI was rare (1.3%, P < 0.05) in young patients compared with older patients (9.3%). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that gastric adenocarcinoma of young patients has a poor prognosis, possesses aggressive histopathological features, exhibits reduced expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and demonstrates lower MSI than tumours in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Wang Y, Irish J, MacMillan C, Brown D, Xuan Y, Boyington C, Gullane P, Kamel-Reid S. High frequency of microsatellite instability in young patients with head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinoma: lack of involvement of the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 AND hMSH2. Int J Cancer 2001; 93:353-60. [PMID: 11433399 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent risk factors in the development of head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption. In young patients with HNSCC, these risk factors are often absent. Our purpose was to investigate the risk factors, microsatellite instability (MSI) changes and status of the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in a cohort of young patients with HNSCC. Fifty-seven HNSCC tumors were examined for the presence of MSI at 16 microsatellite sites using PCR. In the young patient group (24 cases, < or = 44 years old), 100% of tumors had MSI at 1 site at least and 88% had MSI at 2 or more loci. In older patients (33 cases, > or = 45 years), MSI at 1 or more sites was found in 61% of tumors (young vs. old, p = 0.0003) and instability at 2 or more sites was found in 36% of tumors (young vs. old, p = 0.0001). The involvement of the mismatch repair genes was investigated by examining promoter methylation, exon mutation and gene expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2. All results were negative, indicating that inactivation of these 2 genes does not play a role in the development of MSI in tumors from this patient group. Furthermore, the young patient group had a significantly lower incidence of smoking (46% young, 88% old; p = 0.001) and alcohol consumption (33% young, 67% old; p = 0.0169), emphasizing the probable importance of other environmental and/or genetic factors in the development of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Walchle C, Diwan BA, Shiao YH, Calvert RJ. Microsatellite instability is infrequent in azoxymethane-induced rat intestinal tumors: An assessment by capillary electrophoresis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 157:9-15. [PMID: 10329502 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rat model of colon cancer in which tumors are induced by azoxymethane (AOM) is frequently used to study putative environmental agents that may modify the risk of human colon cancer development. In order to evaluate the usefulness of this model for human risk assessment, a comparison of the molecular changes associated with tumorigenesis in the rat model with those in human colon cancer is desirable. Microsatellite instability (MSI), an alteration in length of short repetitive DNA sequences associated with defective DNA mismatch repair, is an important molecular characteristic of many human colon tumors. Intestinal tumors were induced in male Fischer 344 rats injected with 15 mg/kg body wt AOM in four weekly doses. Thirteen intestinal tumors were examined for MSI at 10 different microsatellite loci, using a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for accurate assessment of DNA length. This method was shown to have a resolution of 1 bp for a 140-bp PCR product and to be capable of detecting one mutant sequence within a background of 10 wild-type sequences. The CE method also readily distinguished a known MSI-positive human tumor sample from its matching control sample. Among the 13 rat intestinal tumors examined, only one had MSI, which was present at only a single locus. We conclude that, unlike sporadic human colon tumors in which 15-30% of tumors have MSI (usually at multiple loci), MSI is very rare in AOM-induced rat intestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Walchle
- Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC), Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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