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Nain A, Chakraborty S, Barman SR, Gavit P, Indrakumar S, Agrawal A, Lin ZH, Chatterjee K. Progress in the development of piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue remodeling. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122528. [PMID: 38522326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric biomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in the past few decades to heal damaged tissue and restore cellular functionalities. Herein, we discuss the role of bioelectricity in tissue remodeling and explore ways to mimic such tissue-like properties in synthetic biomaterials. In the past decade, biomedical engineers have adopted emerging functional biomaterials-based tissue engineering approaches using innovative bioelectronic stimulation protocols based on dynamic stimuli to direct cellular activation, proliferation, and differentiation on engineered biomaterial constructs. The primary focus of this review is to discuss the concepts of piezoelectric energy harvesting, piezoelectric materials, and their application in soft (skin and neural) and hard (dental and bone) tissue regeneration. While discussing the prospective applications as an engineered tissue, an important distinction has been made between piezoceramics, piezopolymers, and their composites. The superiority of piezopolymers over piezoceramics to circumvent issues such as stiffness mismatch, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are highlighted. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the field and identify opportunities for the future to develop clinically relevant and state-of-the-art biomaterials for personalized and remote health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Nain
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Srishti Chakraborty
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Snigdha Roy Barman
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik Gavit
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India; School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sushma Indrakumar
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh Agrawal
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipe, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India; Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Cardoso VF, Correia DM, Ribeiro C, Fernandes MM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Fluorinated Polymers as Smart Materials for Advanced Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020161. [PMID: 30966197 PMCID: PMC6415094 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated polymers constitute a unique class of materials that exhibit a combination of suitable properties for a wide range of applications, which mainly arise from their outstanding chemical resistance, thermal stability, low friction coefficients and electrical properties. Furthermore, those presenting stimuli-responsive properties have found widespread industrial and commercial applications, based on their ability to change in a controlled fashion one or more of their physicochemical properties, in response to single or multiple external stimuli such as light, temperature, electrical and magnetic fields, pH and/or biological signals. In particular, some fluorinated polymers have been intensively investigated and applied due to their piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties in biomedical applications including controlled drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, microfluidic and artificial muscle actuators, among others. This review summarizes the main characteristics, microstructures and biomedical applications of electroactive fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Cardoso
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CMEMS-UMinho, Universidade do Minho, DEI, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
| | - Daniela M Correia
- Departamento de Química e CQ-VR, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Margarida M Fernandes
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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Zheng J, Kontoveros D, Lin F, Hua G, Reneker DH, Becker ML, Willits RK. Enhanced Schwann cell attachment and alignment using one-pot "dual click" GRGDS and YIGSR derivatized nanofibers. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:357-63. [PMID: 25479181 PMCID: PMC5953569 DOI: 10.1021/bm501552t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using metal-free click chemistry and oxime condensation methodologies, GRGDS and YIGSR peptides were coupled to random and aligned degradable nanofiber networks postelectrospinning in a one-pot reaction. The bound peptides are bioactive, as demonstrated by Schwann cell attachment and proliferation, and the inclusion of YIGSR with GRGDS alters the expression of the receptor for YIGSR. Additionally, aligned nanofibers act as a potential guidance cue by increasing the aspect ratio and aligning the actin filaments, which suggest that peptide-functionalized scaffolds would be useful to direct SCs for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukuan Zheng
- Departments of ‡Polymer Science and §Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Smith Callahan LA, Xie S, Barker IA, Zheng J, Reneker DH, Dove AP, Becker ML. Directed differentiation and neurite extension of mouse embryonic stem cell on aligned poly(lactide) nanofibers functionalized with YIGSR peptide. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9089-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Boschet F, Ameduri B. (Co)polymers of Chlorotrifluoroethylene: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:927-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Boschet
- Ingénierie et Architectures
Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR (CNRS) 5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue
de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Ingénierie et Architectures
Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR (CNRS) 5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue
de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S. Shoichet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 514, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
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7
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Abstract
Neurons in vitro are different from any other cell types in their sensitivity and complexity. Growing, differentiating, transfecting, and recording from single neurons and neuronal networks all present particular challenges. Some of the difficulties arise from the small scale of cellular structures, and have already seen substantial advances due to nanotechnology, particularly highly fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles. Other issues have less obvious solutions, but the complex and often surprising way that novel nanomaterials react with cells have suggested some revolutionary approaches. We review some of the ways nanomaterials and nanostructures can contribute to in vitro neuroscience, with a particular focus on emphasizing techniques that are widely accessible to many laboratories and on providing references to protocols and methods. The issues of nanotoxicology of greatest interest to cultured neurons are discussed. Finally, we present some future trends and challenges in nano-neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada.
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8
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Rao SS, Winter JO. Adhesion molecule-modified biomaterials for neural tissue engineering. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2009; 2:6. [PMID: 19668707 PMCID: PMC2723915 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.16.006.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules (AMs) represent one class of biomolecules that promote central nervous system regeneration. These tethered molecules provide cues to regenerating neurons that recapitulate the native brain environment. Improving cell adhesive potential of non-adhesive biomaterials is therefore a common goal in neural tissue engineering. This review discusses common AMs used in neural biomaterials and the mechanism of cell attachment to these AMs. Methods to modify materials with AMs are discussed and compared. Additionally, patterning of AMs for achieving specific neuronal responses is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S. Rao
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica O. Winter
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
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Xie J, MacEwan MR, Li X, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Xia Y. Neurite outgrowth on nanofiber scaffolds with different orders, structures, and surface properties. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1151-9. [PMID: 19397333 PMCID: PMC2765554 DOI: 10.1021/nn900070z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers can be readily assembled into various types of scaffolds for applications in neural tissue engineering. The objective of this study is to examine and understand the unique patterns of neurite outgrowth from primary dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultured on scaffolds of electrospun nanofibers having different orders, structures, and surface properties. We found that the neurites extended radially outward from the DRG main body without specific directionality when cultured on a nonwoven mat of randomly oriented nanofibers. In contrast, the neurites preferentially extended along the long axis of fiber when cultured on a parallel array of aligned nanofibers. When seeded at the border between regions of aligned and random nanofibers, the same DRG simultaneously expressed aligned and random neurite fields in response to the underlying nanofibers. When cultured on a double-layered scaffold where the nanofibers in each layer were aligned along a different direction, the neurites were found to be dependent on the fiber density in both layers. This biaxial pattern clearly demonstrates that neurite outgrowth can be influenced by nanofibers in different layers of a scaffold, rather than the topmost layer only. Taken together, these results will provide valuable information pertaining to the design of nanofiber scaffolds for neuroregenerative applications, as well as the effects of topology on neurite outgrowth, growth cone guidance, and axonal regeneration.
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10
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Krsko P, McCann TE, Thach TT, Laabs TL, Geller HM, Libera MR. Length-scale mediated adhesion and directed growth of neural cells by surface-patterned poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomaterials 2009; 30:721-9. [PMID: 19026443 PMCID: PMC3282616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We engineered surfaces that permit the adhesion and directed growth of neuronal cell processes but that prevent the adhesion of astrocytes. This effect was achieved based on the spatial distribution of sub-micron-sized cell-repulsive poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG] hydrogels patterned on an otherwise cell-adhesive substrate. Patterns were identified that promoted cellular responses ranging from complete non-attachment, selective attachment, and directed growth at both cellular and subcellular length scales. At the highest patterning density where the individual hydrogels almost overlapped, there was no cellular adhesion. As the spacing between individual hydrogels was increased, patterns were identified where neurites could grow on the adhesive surface between hydrogels while astrocytes were unable to adhere. Patterns such as lines or arrays were identified that could direct the growth of these subcellular neuronal processes. At higher hydrogel spacings, both neurons and astrocytes adhered and grew in a manner approaching that of unpatterned control surfaces. Patterned lines could once again direct growth at cellular length scales. Significantly, we have demonstrated that the patterning of sub-micron/nano scale cell-repulsive features at microscale lengths on an otherwise cell-adhesive surface can differently control the adhesion and growth of cells and cell processes based on the difference in their characteristic sizes. This concept could potentially be applied to an implantable nerve-guidance device that would selectively enable regrowing axons to bridge a spinal-cord injury without interference from the glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krsko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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11
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Ricci JL, Grew JC, Alexander H. Connective-tissue responses to defined biomaterial surfaces. I. Growth of rat fibroblast and bone marrow cell colonies on microgrooved substrates. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:313-25. [PMID: 17688290 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Surface microgeometry plays a role in tissue-implant surface interactions, but our understanding of its effects is incomplete. Substrate microgrooves strongly influence cells in vitro, as evidenced by contact guidance and cell alignment. We studied "dot" colonies of primary fibroblasts and bone marrow cells that were grown on titanium-coated, microgrooved polystyrene surfaces that we designed and produced. Rat tendon fibroblast and rat bone marrow colony growth and migration varied (p < 0.01) by microgroove dimension and slightly by cell type. We observed profoundly altered morphologies, reduced growth rates, and directional growth in colonies grown on microgrooved substrates, when compared with colonies grown on flat, control surfaces (p < 0.01). The cells in our colonies grown on microgrooved surfaces were well aligned and elongated in the direction parallel to the grooves and colonies. Our "dot" colony is an easily reproduced, easily measured and artificial explant model of tissue-implant interactions that better approximates in vivo implant responses than culturing isolated cells on biomaterials. Our results correlate well with in vivo studies of titanium dioxide-coated polystyrene, titanium, and titanium alloy implants with controlled microgeometries. Microgrooves and other surface features appear to directionally or spatially organize cells and matrix molecules in ways that contribute to improved stabilization and osseointegration of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Ricci
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, College of Dentistry, New York University, 335 East 24 Street, New York, New York 10003, USA
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12
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Cheran LE, Benvenuto P, Thompson M. Coupling of neurons with biosensor devices for detection of the properties of neuronal populations. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1229-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b712830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Schmidt DR, Kao WJ. Monocyte activation in response to polyethylene glycol hydrogels grafted with RGD and PHSRN separated by interpositional spacers of various lengths. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:617-25. [PMID: 17503491 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is often cited as a "stealth" polymer, capable of resisting both protein adsorption and cell adhesion. By extension, PEG would then be expected to limit the host response. Monocyte-derived macrophages play an integral role in inflammation, and thus their response to a material can potentially dictate the overall host response to a biomaterial. In the present study, monocyte responses following interaction with a photopolymerized PEG hydrogel were compared with those from standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Additionally, the effect of the spacing between RGD and PHSRN, the corresponding synergy sequence on fibronectin (FN), was evaluated using peptides with differing spacer lengths grafted to the PEG hydrogel. Monocyte adherent density on the PEG-only hydrogel was comparable with that of TCPS; however, the secretion of the proinflammatory molecules interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased dramatically following monocyte interaction with PEG-only hydrogels as compared with TCPS. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) concentration was similar for all surfaces, while both the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and FN concentrations were above the range of the assay for all substrates. Cell density was higher on the PHSRNG(13)RGD grafted substrate as compared with PHSRNG(6)RGD, but neither sequence increased cell density versus RGD alone. Although protein concentration did sometimes vary with different peptides, this variation was minimal in comparison with the surface effects between TCPS and the PEG-only hydrogel. This study explores the roles of PEG and FN-derived peptides on monocyte activation.
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14
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Musoke-Zawedde P, Shoichet MS. Anisotropic three-dimensional peptide channels guide neurite outgrowth within a biodegradable hydrogel matrix. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:162-9. [PMID: 18458398 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/3/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the neurite guidance potential of concentration gradients of glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (GRGDS) oligopeptides immobilized within three-dimensional patterned cylindrical volumes created in a biodegradable nerve guidance matrix. This was achieved using ultraviolet (UV) laser micropatterning of a hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel matrix modified with S-2-nitrobenzyl cysteine. Upon exposure to focused laser light, the 2-nitrobenzyl group was cleaved, exposing thiol groups which reacted with maleimide-terminated GRGDS exclusively within these laser-defined volumes. We show that the UV laser micropatterning technique can be used to create GRGDS peptide concentration gradients within the oligopeptide channels and that these channels guide neurite outgrowth from primary neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Musoke-Zawedde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
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15
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Lévesque SG, Shoichet MS. Synthesis of cell-adhesive dextran hydrogels and macroporous scaffolds. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5277-85. [PMID: 16793132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dextran hydrogels have been previously investigated as drug delivery vehicles and more recently as macroporous scaffolds; however, the non-cell-adhesive nature of dextran has limited its utility for tissue engineering. To overcome this limitation, macroporous scaffolds of methacrylated dextran (Dex-MA) copolymerized with aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) were synthesized, thereby introducing primary amine groups for covalent immobilization of extracellular-matrix-derived peptides. The amino group density for hydrogels copolymerized with 0.5 wt% AEMA was found to be 36.1+/-0.4 micromol/cm(3) by elemental analysis. To further enhance cellular interaction, poly(Dex-MA-co-AEMA) hydrogels were modified with either CRGDS or a mixture of CDPGYIGSR and CQAASIKVAV (1:1, v/v) using sulfo-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC). The immobilized peptide concentration was determined using amino acid analysis at: 2.6+/-0.9 micromol/cm(3) for CRGDS-derived hydrogels and 2.2+/-0.3 micromol/cm(3) plus 1.9+/-0.2 micromol/cm(3) for CDPGYIGSR plus CQAASIKVAV-derived hydrogels, respectively. Cellular interactions of primary embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were compared on the hydrogels. Cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on poly(Dex-MA) increased with copolymerization of AEMA and further improved with peptide modification and significantly for CDPGYIGSR/CQAASIKVAV-derived poly(Dex-MA-co-AEMA) hydrogels. Moreover, DRGs penetrated within the first 600 microm of the scaffolds, thereby demonstrating the potential of this scaffold for guided cell and axonal regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane G Lévesque
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3E5
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An Y, Tsang KKS, Zhang H. Potential of stem cell based therapy and tissue engineering in the regeneration of the central nervous system. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:R38-44. [PMID: 18460755 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/2/r02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The insufficiency of self-repair and regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) leads to difficulty of rehabilitation of the injured brain. In the past few decades, the significant progress in cell therapy and tissue engineering has contributed to the functional recovery of the CNS to a great extent. The present review focuses on the potential role of stem cell based therapy and tissue engineering in the regeneration of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua An
- Department of Neural Stem Cell, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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17
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Barrett EW, Phelps MVB, Silva RJ, Gaumond RP, Allcock HR. Patterning poly(organophosphazenes) for selective cell adhesion applications. Biomacromolecules 2006; 6:1689-97. [PMID: 15877395 DOI: 10.1021/bm049193z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five polyphosphazenes with different hydrophilicites were synthesized and screened in vitro. The purpose was to identify unique types of polymeric substrates that distinctly favored or markedly prevented cellular adhesion. The SK-N-BE(2c) human neuroblastoma cell line, utilized for its electrogenic responses, was used to test this differential adhesion. In particular, the objective was to specifically culture this cell line in a highly selective pattern. Each candidate polymer was cast into films and plated with neuroblastoma cells for 3 days. The polyphosphazene materials which showed negative cellular adhesive properties (-CAPs) were poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (TFE) and poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP). The polyphosphazenes which showed positive cellular adhesive properties (+CAPs) were poly[(methoxyethoxyethoxy)(1.0)(carboxylatophenoxy)(1.0)phosphazene] (PMCPP), poly[(methoxyethoxyethoxy)(1.0)(cinnamyloxy)(1.0)phosphazene] (PMCP), and poly[(methoxyethoxyethoxy)(1.0)(p-methylphenoxy)(1.0)phosphazene] (PMMP). To test cellular selectivity, films of -CAP and +CAP were copatterned onto glass substrates. The micropatterned films were plated with SK-N-BE(2c) neuroblastoma cells for one week. The results showed that neuroblastoma cells adhere selectively (over 60%) to the +CAP microfeatures. We also showed that multiple properties can be achieved with a single material and that we can use TFE as both a -CAP and an insulation layer and PMCP as a conductive +CAP layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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18
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Berdondini L, van der Wal PD, Guenat O, de Rooij NF, Koudelka-Hep M, Seitz P, Kaufmann R, Metzler P, Blanc N, Rohr S. High-density electrode array for imaging in vitro electrophysiological activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:167-74. [PMID: 15967365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of a high-density active microelectrode array for in vitro electrophysiology is reported. Based on the Active Pixel Sensor (APS) concept, the array integrates 4096 gold microelectrodes (electrode separation 20 microm) on a surface of 2.5 mmx2.5 mm as well as a high-speed random addressing logic allowing the sequential selection of the measuring pixels. Following the electrical characterization in a phosphate solution, the functional evaluation has been carried out by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Signals with amplitudes from 130 microVp-p to 300 microVp-p could be recorded from different pixels. The results demonstrate the suitability of the APS concept for developing a new generation of high-resolution extracellular recording devices for in vitro electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berdondini
- Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, CH-2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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19
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Yu TT, Shoichet MS. Guided cell adhesion and outgrowth in peptide-modified channels for neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1507-14. [PMID: 15522752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogel scaffold of well-defined geometry was created and modified with laminin-derived peptides in an aqueous solution, thereby maintaining the geometry of the scaffold while introducing bioactive peptides that enhance cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. By combining a fiber templating technique to create longitudinal channels with peptide modification, we were able to synthesize a scaffold that guided cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth of primary neurons. Scaffolds were designed to have numerous longitudinally oriented channels with an average channel diameter of 196 +/- 6 microm to ultimately promote fasciculation of regenerating cables and a compressive modulus of 192 +/- 8 kPa to match the modulus of the soft nerve tissue. Copolymerization of 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) scaffolds, provided primary amine groups to which two sulfhydryl terminated, laminin-derived oligopeptides, CDPGYIGSR and CQAASIKVAV, were covalently bound using the sulfo-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) crosslinking agent. The concentration of peptides on the scaffolds was measured at 106 +/- 4 micromol/cm(2) using the ninhydrin method and 92 +/- 9 micromol/cm(2) using the BCA protein assay. The peptide modified P(HEMA-co-AEMA) scaffolds were easily fabricated in aqueous conditions, highly reproducible, well-defined, and enhanced neural cell adhesion and guided neurite outgrowth of primary chick dorsal root ganglia neurons relative to non-peptide-modified controls. The copolymerization of AEMA with HEMA can be extended to other radically polymerized monomers and is advantageous as it facilitates scaffold modification in aqueous solutions thereby obviating the use of organic solvents which can be cytotoxic and often disrupt scaffold geometry. The combination of well-defined chemical and physical stimuli described herein provides a means for guided regeneration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tina Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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20
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Yang F, Murugan R, Ramakrishna S, Wang X, Ma YX, Wang S. Fabrication of nano-structured porous PLLA scaffold intended for nerve tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004; 25:1891-900. [PMID: 14738853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nerve tissue engineering (NTE) is one of the most promising methods to restore central nerve systems in human health care. Three-dimensional distribution and growth of cells within the porous scaffold are of clinical significance for NTE. In this study, an attempt was made to develop porous polymeric nano-fibrous scaffold using a biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) for in vitro culture of nerve stem cells (NSCs). The processing of PLLA scaffold has been carried out by liquid-liquid phase separation method. The physico-chemical properties of the scaffold were fully characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. These results confirmed that the prepared scaffold is highly porous and fibrous with diameters down to nanometer scale. As our nano-structured PLLA scaffold mimics natural extracellular matrix, we have intended this biodegradable scaffold as cell carrier in NTE. The in vitro performance of NSCs seeded on nano-fibrous scaffold is addressed in this study. The cell cultural tests showed that the NSCs could differentiate on the nano-structured scaffold and the scaffold acted as a positive cue to support neurite outgrowth. These results suggested that the nano-structured porous PLLA scaffold is a potential cell carrier in NTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117-576, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Luo Y, Shoichet MS. Light-Activated Immobilization of Biomolecules to Agarose Hydrogels for Controlled Cellular Response. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:2315-23. [PMID: 15530047 DOI: 10.1021/bm0495811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new method of synthesizing photolabile hydrogel materials for convenient photoimmobilization of biomolecules on surfaces or in 3-D matrixes. Dissolved agarose was modified with photolabile S-(2-nitrobenzyl)cysteine (S-NBC) via 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) activation of primary hydroxyl groups. S-NBC-modified agarose remained soluble and gelable with up to 5% S-NBC substitution, yet gelation was slower and the elastic modulus of the resulting gel was lower than those of unmodified agarose. Irradiating S-NBC-grafted agarose resulted in the loss of the protecting 2-nitrobenzyl groups, thereby exposing free sulfhydryl groups for biomolecular coupling. When appropriately activated with sulfhydryl-reactive groups, either peptides or proteins were effectively immobilized to the photoirradiated hydrogel matrixes, with the irradiation energy dose (i.e., irradiation time) used to control the amount of biomolecule immobilization. When the GRGDS peptide was immobilized on agarose, it was shown to be cell-adhesive and to promote neurite outgrowth from primary, embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion neurons. The immobilized GRGDS surface ligand concentration affected the cellular response: neurite length and density increased with GRGDS surface concentration at low adhesion ligand concentration and then plateaued at higher GRGDS concentration. Grafting 2-nitrobenzyl-protected compounds to hydrogel materials is useful for creating new photolabile hydrogel substrates for light-activated functional group generation and biomolecular immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
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22
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Belkas JS, Shoichet MS, Midha R. Axonal guidance channels in peripheral nerve regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1053/j.oto.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Biological nerve grafts have been extensively utilized in the past to repair peripheral nerve injuries. More recently, the use of synthetic guidance tubes in repairing these injuries has gained in popularity. This review focuses on artificial conduits, nerve regeneration through them, and an account of various synthetic materials that comprise these tubes in experimental animal and clinical trials. It also lists and describes several biomaterial considerations one should regard when designing, developing, and manufacturing potential guidance channel candidates. In the future, it it likely that the most successful synthetic nerve conduit will be one that has been fabricated with some of these strategies in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Belkas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Program, Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Luo Y, Shoichet MS. A photolabile hydrogel for guided three-dimensional cell growth and migration. NATURE MATERIALS 2004; 3:249-53. [PMID: 15034559 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to replace, repair or regenerate tissue/organ function, by delivering signalling molecules and cells on a three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials scaffold that supports cell infiltration and tissue organization. To control cell behaviour and ultimately induce structural and functional tissue formation on surfaces, planar substrates have been patterned with adhesion signals that mimic the spatial cues to guide cell attachment and function. The objective of this study is to create biochemical channels in 3D hydrogel matrices for guided axonal growth. An agarose hydrogel modified with a cysteine compound containing a sulphydryl protecting group provides a photolabile substrate that can be patterned with biochemical cues. In this transparent hydrogel we immobilized the adhesive fibronectin peptide fragment, glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (GRGDS), in selected volumes of the matrix using a focused laser. We verified in vitro the guidance effects of GRGDS oligopeptide-modified channels on the 3D cell migration and neurite outgrowth. This method for immobilizing biomolecules in 3D matrices can generally be applied to any optically clear hydrogel, offering a solution to construct scaffolds with programmed spatial features for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Dhoot NO, Tobias CA, Fischer I, Wheatley MA. Peptide-modified alginate surfaces as a growth permissive substrate for neurite outgrowth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 71:191-200. [PMID: 15376189 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies are being investigated for treatment of spinal cord injuries, one of the most promising being application of neurotrophic factors, which have been shown to prevent neuronal death and stimulate regeneration of injured axons. Ex vivo gene therapy has emerged as the leading delivery method at the site of the injury, and we have shown previously that encapsulating genetically engineered fibroblasts in an immunoprotective alginate capsule can permit implantation of the factor-secreting cells without need for immunosuppression. This strategy could be greatly enhanced by providing the sprouting neurons with a permissive substrate upon which to attach and grow. We report here studies on the modification of an alginate gel surface by either coating it with laminin or by covalent attachment of YIGSR peptide. Using NB2a neuroblastoma cells, we found that native alginate elicited minimal cell attachment ( approximately 1.5%); however, YIGSR-alginate conjugate elicited a fivefold increase in numbers of cells attached using peptide ratios of 0.5 and 1 mg/g alginate, ranging from 9.5% of the cells at the lower ratio, to about 44% at the higher. Only a further 19% increase was obtained at an increased peptide density of 2 mg/g alginate ( approximately 63% over control). Laminin-coated gels showed approximately 60% cell attachment. However, laminin coating did not stimulate differentiation and neurite growth, whereas both numbers and lengths of outgrowths increased with increasing peptide density on peptide-modified alginate. We demonstrate here the ability of the peptide-modified alginate gels to allow adhesion of NB2a neuroblastoma cells and to promote neurite outgrowth from these cells when attached to the peptide-modified alginate surface. Also, we show that the adhesion of NB2a neuroblastoma cells and neurite outgrowth from the attached cells is a function of the peptide density on the gel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil O Dhoot
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 32nd and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875, USA
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26
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Shaw D, Shoichet MS. Toward spinal cord injury repair strategies: peptide surface modification of expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) fibers for guided neurite outgrowth in vitro. J Craniofac Surg 2003; 14:308-16. [PMID: 12826801 DOI: 10.1097/00001665-200305000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) fibers were surface modified using an ultraviolet-activated mercury/ammonia reaction to yield amine-functional groups for the coupling of laminin-derived cell adhesive peptides CYIGSR, CDPGYIGSR, CIKVAV, and CQAASIKVAV. Surface elemental composition, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and radiolabeling data indicated that the amount of peptide introduced was approximately equivalent regardless of peptide type, yet mixed peptide surfaces had approximately 60% YIGSR and 40% IKVAV. The peptide-modified surfaces were compared in terms of the response of dorsal root ganglia with neurite length and number of cells attached to each fiber measured. All peptide-functionalized surfaces had a greater cellular response than the aminated ePTFE and ePTFE controls. Surfaces modified with extended peptide sequences CDPGYIGSR and CQAASIKVAV demonstrated a greater cellular response than those modified with the shorter peptide sequences CYIGSR and CIKVAV, respectively, likely because the extended peptides more closely mimic the three-dimensional conformation that the peptides maintain in laminin. Differences in neurite extension were evident among the peptide-functionalized surfaces, with the longest neurites observed on surfaces modified with both CQAASIKVAV and CDPGYIGSR. The "guidance capacity" of the fibers as a function of fiber diameter was investigated in terms of length and directionality of neurite outgrowth. As fiber diameter decreased (from 100+ to 10 microm), the neurites tended to grow to a greater degree down the length of the fiber. The thinnest fibers (with diameters <20 microm) extended shorter neurites than the fibers with a wider diameter. Combining neurite length with guidance indicated that of the fiber diameters investigated, the optimal fiber diameter for neurite guidance was between 30 and 50 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Shaw
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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Hirose H, Nakahara T, Miyakoshi J. Orientation of human glioblastoma cells embedded in type I collagen, caused by exposure to a 10 T static magnetic field. Neurosci Lett 2003; 338:88-90. [PMID: 12565147 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the preferred orientation of human glioblastoma cells (A172) following exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) at 10 Tesla in the presence or absence of collagen. A172 cells embedded in collagen gel were oriented perpendicular to the direction of the SMF. A172 cells cultured in the absence of collagen did not exhibit any specific orientation pattern after 7 days of exposure to the SMF. Thus we succeeded in evoking the magnetic orientation of human glioblastoma cells by exposure to the SMF. Our results suggest that the orientation of glioblastoma cell processes may be due to the arrangement of microtubules under the influence of magnetically oriented collagen fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hirose
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Houseman BT, Mrksich M. The microenvironment of immobilized Arg-Gly-Asp peptides is an important determinant of cell adhesion. Biomaterials 2001; 22:943-55. [PMID: 11311013 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper uses self-assembled monolayers on gold as a model system to demonstrate that the attachment and spreading of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts depends strongly on the microenvironment of immobilized RGD peptides. This work utilized monolayers that present mixtures of Arg-Gly-Asp peptides, which are ligands for cellular integrin receptors, and oligo(ethylene glycol) groups, which resist the nonspecific adsorption of protein. The microenvironment of the peptide ligands was controlled by altering the length of the surrounding oligo(ethylene glycol) groups on the monolayer. By using thiols that present either tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa(ethylene glycol) units, the average distance separating the glycol groups and the peptide ligand is altered while the structure and properties of the background remain unchanged. Cell attachment to monolayers presenting a fixed density of peptide decreased as the length of the oligo(ethylene glycol) group increased. The average projected area of attached cells showed a similar trend. At lower densities of immobilized peptide, decreases in both cell attachment and projected cell area were more pronounced. Attachment and spreading did not depend on density of peptide on monolayers presenting tri(ethylene glycol) groups, but showed a high sensitivity to density of ligand on monolayers presenting longer glycol oligomers. Experiments that used a soluble peptide to inhibit the attachment of cells to monolayers demonstrated that the strength of the cell-substrate interaction decreased on monolayers presenting longer glycol groups. Together, these results suggest that the microenvironment of the peptide ligand influences the affinity of the integrin-peptide interaction and that weaker interactions display a density-dependent enhancement of binding during cell attachment and spreading. This finding is an important consideration in studies that correlate biological function with the composition of ligands on a substrate. This finding also represents an important principle for the design of biologically active materials because it illustrates the degree to which the presentation of adhesion motifs can modify the response of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Houseman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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