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Płaczkowska S, Rodak K, Kmieciak A, Gilowska I, Kratz EM. Exploring correlations: Human seminal plasma and blood serum biochemistry in relation to semen quality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305861. [PMID: 38913627 PMCID: PMC11195956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a pressing global issue, prompting the need for biomarkers correlating with seminal parameters for diagnosis. Our study investigated 10 biochemical and energetic parameters in the seminal plasma and blood sera of fertile (25 subjects) and infertile (88 subjects) Polish men, correlations between their levels in seminal plasma and semen quality, and correlations between blood sera and seminal plasma levels of examined parameters. Infertile men displayed elevated seminal plasma glucose and fructose but reduced HDL levels compared to fertile men. We observed also weak negative correlations between seminal plasma triglycerides and sperm concentration in both groups. Moreover, infertile men exhibited positive correlations between seminal plasma HDL/LDL concentrations and sperm concentration. Fertile men showed moderate negative correlations between glucose/triglycerides concentrations and sperm count and between seminal plasma triglycerides levels and sperm vitality. Semen volume correlated with triglycerides (negative) and fructose (positive) concentrations in infertile men. Sperm motility correlated negatively with total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides concentrations in fertile men, and weakly with AMP-activated protein kinase in infertile men. Weak negative correlations between seminal plasma fructose/AMP-activated protein kinase concentrations and sperm progressive motility were observed in infertile men, whereas in fertile men seminal plasma AMP-activated protein kinase levels were positively correlated with progressive motility. Correlation analysis between blood serum and seminal plasma parameters revealed intriguing connections, notably regarding LDL, AMP-activated protein kinase, and carnitine, suggesting systemic influences on seminal plasma composition. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between metabolic factors and sperm parameters, offering promising directions for future research in male infertility diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Płaczkowska
- Teaching and Research Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Rodak
- Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kmieciak
- Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gilowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
- Clinical Center of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology in Opole, Reference Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility, Opole, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Tanhaye Kalate Sabz F, Hosseini E, Amjadi FS, Mohammadian M, Zandieh Z, Mohammadian F, Kafaeinezhad R, Ashrafi M. In vitro effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the expression of genes related to sperm motility and energy metabolism and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in obstructive azoospermic patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:727. [PMID: 38861014 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and its receptor in various testicular cells and spermatozoa suggests a potential role in enhancing spermatogonial and postmeiotic cell development. Moreover, GM-CSF activates the pivotal pathways implicated in sperm motility regulation and glucose metabolism. However, the impact of GM-CSF on testicular biopsies from patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of GM-CSF on the expression of genes related to glucose transporters and signaling pathways, sperm motility, and viability in testicular biopsies. METHODS AND RESULTS Following testicular sperm extraction from 20 patients diagnosed with OA, each sample was divided into two parts: the experimental samples were incubated with medium containing 2 ng/ml GM-CSF at 37 °C for 60 min, and the control samples were incubated with medium without GM-CSF. Subsequently, the oocytes retrieved from the partner were injected with sperm from the treatment and control groups. The sperm parameters (motility and viability), the expression levels of sperm motility-related genes (PIK3R1, PIK3CA, and AKT1), and the expression levels of sperm energy metabolism-related genes (GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT14) were assessed. Furthermore, the fertilization and day 3 embryo development rate and embryo quality were evaluated. Compared with those in the nontreated group, the motility parameters and the mRNA expression levels of PIK3R1, AKT1, and GLUT3 in testicular sperm supplemented with GM-CSF were significantly greater (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the mRNA expression of PIK3CA, GLUT1, or GLUT14 were detected. According to the ICSI results, compared with the control group, the GM-CSF treatment group exhibited significantly greater fertilization rates (p = 0.027), Day 3 embryo development rate (p = 0.001), and proportions of good-quality embryos (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS GM-CSF increased the expression of genes related to motility and the energy metabolism pathway and effectively promoted the motility of testis-extracted spermatozoa, consequently yielding positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tanhaye Kalate Sabz
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Amjadi
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Mohammadian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
- Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Mohammadian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Kafaeinezhad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay A. Glucose transporters (GLUTs): Underreported yet crucial molecules in unraveling testicular toxicity. Biochimie 2024; 219:55-62. [PMID: 37967737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are crucial in maintaining glucose homeostasis and supporting energy production in various tissues, including the testes. This review article delves into the distribution and function of GLUTs in distinct testicular cell types, namely Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, germ cells, and spermatozoa, shedding light on their significance in the context of male reproductive health-an issue of mounting global concern. Furthermore, this article examines the implications of GLUT dysregulation in testicular dysfunction. Altered GLUT expression has been associated with impaired steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, sperm count, and motility in various animal models. Lastly, the article underscores the potential therapeutic implications of targeting GLUTs concerning testicular toxicity. Insights gleaned from studies in diabetes and cancer suggest that modulating GLUT expression and translocation could present novel strategies for mitigating testicular dysfunction and safeguarding male fertility. In summary, the intricate interplay between GLUTs, glucose metabolism, and testicular health underscores the significance of sustaining testicular glucose homeostasis for male reproductive health. Manipulating GLUTs presents an innovative avenue to address testicular dysfunction, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic strategies to restore male fertility and overall reproductive well-being. Future research in this field holds great promise for advancing male fertility treatments and reproductive health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Govt. College Dhimarkheda (Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya), Katni, 483 332, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Arindam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Echeverría CE, Oyarzún VI, López-Cortés A, Cancino J, Sotomayor PC, Goncalves MD, Godoy AS. Biological role of fructose in the male reproductive system: Potential implications for prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:8-24. [PMID: 37888416 PMCID: PMC10872645 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 20 years, fructose has gradually emerged as a potential metabolic substrate capable of promoting the growth and progression of various cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). The biological and molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of fructose on cancer are beginning to be elucidated. METHODS This review summarizes the biological function of fructose as a potential carbon source for PCa cells and its role in the functionality of the male reproductive tract under normal conditions. RESULTS The most recent biological advances related to fructose transport and metabolism as well as their implications in PCa growth and progression suggest that fructose represent a potential carbon source for PCa cells. Consequently, fructose derivatives may represent efficient radiotracers for obtaining PCa images via positron emission tomography and fructose transporters/fructose-metabolizing enzymes could be utilized as potential diagnostic and/or predictive biomarkers for PCa. CONCLUSION The existing data suggest that restriction of fructose from the diet could be a useful therapeutic strategy for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E. Echeverría
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa I. Oyarzún
- Laboratory of Ocular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula C. Sotomayor
- Departamento de Urología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcus D. Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro S. Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo New York, USA
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5
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Ma T, Xia Y, Wang B, Yang F, Ding J, Wu J, Han X, Wang J, Li D. Environmentally relevant perinatal exposure to DBP accelerated spermatogenesis by promoting the glycolipid metabolism of Sertoli cells in male offspring mice. Toxicol Lett 2023; 377:16-28. [PMID: 36736749 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since Sertoli cells (SCs) play an essential role in providing energy for spermatogenesis, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to plasticizer Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the onset of spermatogenesis in male offspring through the metabolism pathway as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Here, pregnant mice were treated with 0 (control), 50, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day DBP in 1 mL/kg corn oil administered daily by oral gavage from gestation day (GD) 12.5 to parturition. The in vivo results showed that 50 mg/kg/day DBP exposure could promote the expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins (GLUT3, LDHA, and MCT4) in the testis of 22 days male offspring. The in vitro results demonstrated that 0.1 mM monobutyl phthalate (MBP, the active metabolite of DBP) promoted the lactate production, glucose consumption, and glycolytic flux of immature SCs, which was paralleled by the upregulated expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins (GLUT1, GLUT3, LDHA, and MCT4). On the other hand, DBP/MBP increased fatty acid (FA) uptake, FA β-oxidation, and ATP production by promoting the expression of CD36 in immature SCs, which might accelerate the maturity of SCs to support the onset of spermatogenesis. Therefore, our findings provided a new perspective on glycolipid metabolism to explain prenatal DBP exposure leading to earlier onset of spermatogenesis in male offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ma
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhui Xia
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Environmental health risk assessment and prevention engineering center of ecological aluminum industry base, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Fenglian Yang
- Industrial College of biomedicine and health industry, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Industrial College of biomedicine and health industry, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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6
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Bucci D, Spinaci M, Bustamante-Filho IC, Nesci S. The sperm mitochondria: clues and challenges. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220131. [PMID: 36819482 PMCID: PMC9924773 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm cells rely on different substrates to fulfil thei energy demand for different functions and diverse moments of their life. Species specific mechanism involve both energy substrate transport and their utilization: hexose transporters, a protein family of facilitative passive transporters of glucose and other hexose, have been identified in spermatozoa of different species and, within the species, their localization has been identified and, in some cases, linked to specific glycilitic enzyme presence. The catabolism of hexose sources for energy purposes has been studied in various species, and recent advances has been made in the knowledge of metabolic strategies of sperm cells. In particular, the importance of aerobic metabolism has been defined and described in horse, boar and even mouse spermatozoa; bull sperm cells demonstrate to have a good adaptability and capacity to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation; finally, dog sperm cells have been demonstrated to have a great plasticity in energy metabolism management, being also able to activate the anabolic pathway of glycogen syntesis. In conclusion, the study of energy management and mitochondrial function in spermatozoa of different specie furnishes important base knowledge to define new media for preservation as well as newbases for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bucci
- Department of Veterinay Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Marcella Spinaci
- Department of Veterinay Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinay Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Amaral A. Energy metabolism in mammalian sperm motility. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1569. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Amaral
- Department of Developmental Genetics Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin Germany
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8
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Tanhaye Kalate Sabz F, Amjadi FS, Zandieh Z, Hosseini E, Aflatoonian R, Tabatabaei M, Mohammadian M, Ashrafi M. GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) treatment improves sperm parameters in men with oligoasthenoteratospermia via PI3K/AKT pathway. Andrologia 2022; 54:1618-1630. [PMID: 35545511 DOI: 10.1111/and.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sperm quality in oligoasthenoteratospermia patients negatively affects assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Therefore, the development of sperm media is necessary to improve sperm parameters. This study investigated the effect of GM-CSF via PI3K/AKT pathway on sperm quality in OAT patients. Semen samples were collected from 20 OAT patients, and each sample was divided into two groups: Experiment and Control. In the experimental group, the samples were incubated with medium containing GM-CSF, and control samples were incubated without GM-CSF. Sperm parameters, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome reaction and DFI were studied; in addition, gene expression of PI3KR1, PI3KCA, GLUT1, GLUT3 and AKT1 was analysed, evaluation of PAKT/TAKT, and expression of GLUT 1, 3 was examined; subsequent fertilization rate and embryo quality were assessed. Our data showed that GM-CSF supplementation could significantly increase motility, mitochondrial activity, gene expression of PI3KCA, AKT1, the protein level of PAKT/TAKT and expression of GLUT 1, 3 while it decreases DNA fragmentation. The fertilization rate and embryo quality significantly improved in the treatment group. LY294002 had adverse effects on sperm motility and the PAKT/TAKT ratio. GM-CSF can improve in vitro sperm quality and could be a suitable supplement to sperm media for OAT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Amjadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Spermatozoa: Focus on Energetic Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050695. [PMID: 33924936 PMCID: PMC8145012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dogma of mitochondria as the major source of energy in supporting sperm motility should be critically reconsidered in the light of several experimental data pointing to a major role of glycolysis in mammalian spermatozoa. In this light, the reported positive correlation between the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and motility of ejaculated spermatozoa cannot be explained convincingly by an impaired mitochondrial ATP generation only. Evidence has been produced suggesting that, in human sperm, dysfunctional mitochondria represent the main site of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, in these organelles, a complex bidirectional relationship could exist between ROS generation and apoptosis-like events that synergize with oxidative stress in impairing sperm biological integrity and functions. Despite the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant factors, human spermatozoa are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which plays a major role in male factor infertility. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of metabolic, oxidative and apoptosis-like inter-linkages of mitochondrial dysfunction and their reflections on human sperm biology.
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Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Ahmad A, Mohamed M. Metformin mitigates impaired testicular lactate transport/utilisation and improves sexual behaviour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:51-60. [PMID: 31072137 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1610778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lactate is the preferred energy substrate for developing testicular germ cells. Diabetes is associated with impaired testicular lactate transport/utilisation, and poor sexual behaviour. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of metformin on parameters involved in testicular lactate production, transport/utilisation, and sexual behaviour in diabetic state. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and metformin-treated diabetic group (n = 6/group). Metformin (300 mg/kg b.w./day) was administrated orally for 4 weeks. RESULTS Intra-testicular glucose and lactate levels, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased, while the mRNA transcript levels of genes responsible for testicular glucose and lactate transport/utilisation (glucose transporter 3, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), MCT2, and LDH type C) decreased in DC group. Furthermore, penile nitric oxide increased, while cyclic guanosine monophosphate decreased, with impaired sexual behaviour in DC group. Treatment with metformin improved these parameters. CONCLUSIONS Metformin increases testicular lactate transport/utilisation and improves sexual behaviour in diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | | | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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11
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Setiawan R, Priyadarshana C, Tajima A, Travis AJ, Asano A. Localisation and function of glucose transporter GLUT1 in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) spermatozoa: relationship between ATP production pathways and flagellar motility. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:697-705. [PMID: 32317094 DOI: 10.1071/rd19240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose plays an important role in sperm flagellar motility and fertility via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, although the primary mechanisms for ATP generation vary between species. The glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is a high-affinity isoform and a major glucose transporter in mammalian spermatozoa. However, in avian spermatozoa, the glucose metabolic pathways are poorly characterised. This study demonstrates that GLUT1 plays a major role in glucose-mediated motility of chicken spermatozoa. Using specific antibodies and ligand, we found that GLUT1 was specifically localised to the midpiece. Sperm motility analysis showed that glucose supported sperm movement during incubation for 0-80min. However, this was abolished by the addition of a GLUT1 inhibitor, concomitant with a substantial decrease in glucose uptake and ATP production, followed by elevated mitochondrial activity in response to glucose addition. More potent inhibition of ATP production and mitochondrial activity was observed in response to treatment with uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Because mitochondrial inhibition only reduced a subset of sperm movements, we investigated the localisation of the glycolytic pathway and showed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase I at the midpiece and principal piece of the flagellum. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in ATP production pathways in avian spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangga Setiawan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chathura Priyadarshana
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Alexander J Travis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; and Corresponding author.
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12
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Villar PS, Vergara C, Bacigalupo J. Energy sources that fuel metabolic processes in protruding finger-like organelles. FEBS J 2020; 288:3799-3812. [PMID: 33142020 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cells possess a variety of organelles with characteristic structure and subcellular localization intimately linked to their specific function. While most are intracellular and found in virtually all eukaryotic cells, there is a small group of organelles of elongated cylindrical shapes in highly specialized cells that protrude into the extracellular space, such as cilia, flagella, and microvilli. The ATP required by intracellular organelles is amply available in the cytosol, largely generated by mitochondria. However, such is not the case for cilia and flagella, whose slender structures cannot accommodate mitochondria. These organelles consume massive amounts of ATP to carry out high energy-demanding functions, such as sensory transduction or motility. ATP from the nearest mitochondria or other reactions within the cell body is severely limited by diffusion and generally insufficient to fuel the entire length of cilia and flagella. These organelles overcome this fuel restriction by local generation of ATP, using mechanisms that vary depending on the nutrients that are available in their particular external environment. Here, we review, with emphasis in mammals, the remarkable adaptations that cilia and flagella use to fuel their metabolic needs. Additionally, we discuss how a decrease in nutrients surrounding olfactory cilia might impair olfaction in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S Villar
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cecilia Vergara
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Bacigalupo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang H, Qi J, Wang Y, Sun J, Li Z, Sui L, Fan J, Liu C, Shang Y, Kong L, Kong Y. Progesterone Regulates Glucose Metabolism Through Glucose Transporter 1 to Promote Endometrial Receptivity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:543148. [PMID: 33101047 PMCID: PMC7546771 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.543148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation requires receptive endometrium, which is conducive to the process of embryo recognition, adhesion, and invasion within a certain period of time and is inseparable from the dynamic interaction between 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Proper glucose metabolism is critical for the profound physiological changes in the endometrium entering the receptive state. And glucose transporters (GLUTs) are responsible for intracellular uptake of glucose and are the first step in glucose metabolism. Prior literature has reported the presence of GLUTs in the endometrium. However, we still do not understand the specific mechanisms of this process. In this study, we identified the effect of P4 on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) using in vivo animal models and determined the regulation of glucose metabolism by P4 in cells. We highly suspect that this pregnancy failure may be due to reduced GLUT1-mediated glucose metabolism, resulting in a decrease in endometrial receptivity caused by an inadequate energy supply and synthesis of substrate. Here, we propose a possible mechanism to explain how embryo implantation is affected by P4 and glucose utilization under abnormal endometrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuo Zhang
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linlin Sui
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhong Shang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Kong
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Bhat MH, Blondin P, Vincent P, Benson JD. Low concentrations of 3-O-methylglucose improve post thaw recovery in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2020; 95:15-19. [PMID: 32619521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have explored the use of membrane permeable (usually metabolizable) and membrane impermeable saccharides to protect cells in general, and sperm in particular during cryopreservation. Critical concentrations for protective levels of sugars frequently range between 50 mmol/L and 500 mmol/L, where efficacy is attributed to the sugar's membrane stabilizing and glass forming attributes and colligative effects that reduce intra- and extracellular salt concentrations during freezing. Many studies on bull sperm have demonstrated that both permeating and non-permeating sugars have negligible positive effects on post-thaw viability. Recently, however, a non-metabolizable sugar, 3-O-Methylglucose (3-OMG), was shown to protect hepatocytes during liver cryopreservation at 0.1-0.3 mol/L. Because glucose is readily transported into sperm, we hypothesized that 3-OMG could be a new class of cryoprotectant to explore in bull sperm. Here we present positive results demonstrating that 3-OMG improves post thaw viability in bull sperm, and that this effect is not likely due to improved glass forming capabilities. In particular, in experiment 1, 3-OMG was added to the Tris-egg yolk-glycerol base media at levels from 0 mmol/L to 200 mmol/L. Semen from four bulls was collected and diluted with one of the cryopreservation media, cooled, and frozen following industry standard practices. Motility and mitochondrial activity were negatively impacted when concentration of 3-OMG was more than 25 mmol/L. Therefore, we explored lower concentrations in experiment 2, where semen from eight bulls was used to evaluate concentrations 5 mmol/L, 15 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L of 3-OMG compared with control. Motility and progressive motility in 5 mmol/L 3-OMG and in the control were significantly higher than 15 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L 3-OMG, whereas mitochondrial activity and acrosome integrity in 5 mmol/L 3-OMG were significantly better than the control freezing medium. In experiment 3, to evaluate whether the improved effects of 3-OMG are due to its non-metabolizing property, or due to colligative effects, we compared post-thaw viability in semen from four bulls cryopreserved with 5 mmol/L glucose, sucrose, or 3-OMG. Motility and progressive motility was significantly improved in 3-OMG compared to glucose or sucrose groups which were comparable to the EY control. In conclusion, 3-OMG at a concentration of 5 mmol/L in Tris-egg yolk-glycerol medium improves the post thaw motility, progressive motility and viability of bull sperm. The mechanism of action is not understood but because the efficacy is maximal at low concentrations, it is not likely due to improved intra- or extracellular glass forming abilities and may demonstrate a different protective mechanism than was shown in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maajid H Bhat
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - James D Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Calvert SJ, Reynolds S, Paley MN, Walters SJ, Pacey AA. Probing human sperm metabolism using 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:30-41. [PMID: 30395244 PMCID: PMC6314230 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can 13C-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) of selected metabolites provide useful information about human sperm metabolism and how glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation are used by different sperm populations? SUMMARY ANSWER Sperm populations, prepared by density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and incubated with either 13Cu-glucose, 13Cu-fructose or 13C1-pyruvate, showed consistent evidence of metabolism generating principally lactate and more intermittently bicarbonate, and significantly more lactate was produced from 13Cu-glucose by vital or motile sperm recovered from the 40/80% interface compared to those from the pellet, which could not be accounted for by differences in the non-sperm cells present. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have focused on CO2 or other specific metabolite production by human sperm and there remains considerable debate about whether glycolysis and/or oxidative phosphorylation is the more important pathway for ATP production in sperm. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Sperm populations were prepared by DGC and subjected to 13C-MRS to answer the following questions. (i) Is it possible to detect human sperm metabolism of 13C substrates implicated in energy generation? (ii) What are the kinetics of such reactions? (iii) Do different sperm populations (e.g. '80%' pellet sperm and '40%' interface sperm) utilise substrates in the same way? Semen samples from 97 men were used in these experiments; 52 were used in parallel for aims (i) and (ii) and 45 were used for aim (iii). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sperm populations were prepared from ejaculates of healthy men using a Percoll/Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) DGC and then incubated with a range of 13C-labelled substrates (13Cu-glucose, 13Cu-fructose, 13C1-pyruvate, 13C1-butyrate, 13C3-lactate, 13C2,4-D-3-hydroxybutyrate, 13C5-l-glutamate, 13C1,2-glycine or 13Cu-galactose) along with penicillin/streptomycin antibiotic at 37°C for 4 h, 24 h or over 48 h for an estimated rate constant. Sperm concentration, vitality and motility were measured and, for a subset of experiments, non-sperm cell concentration was determined. A 9.4 T magnetic resonance spectrometer was used to acquire 1D 13C, inverse gated 1H decoupled, MRS spectra. Spectrum processing was carried out using spectrometer software and Matlab scripts to determine peak integrals for each spectrum. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE 13Cu-glucose, 13Cu-fructose and 13C1-pyruvate were consistently converted into lactate and, to a lesser extent, bicarbonate. There was a significant correlation between sperm concentration and lactate peak size for 13Cu-glucose and 13Cu-fructose, which was not observed for 13C1-pyruvate. The lactate peak did not correlate with the non-sperm cell concentration up to 6.9 × 106/ml. The concentration of 13Cu-glucose, 13Cu-fructose or 13C1-pyruvate (1.8, 3.6, 7.2 or 14.4 mM) had no influence on the size of the observed lactate peak over a 4 h incubation. The rate of conversion of 13C1-pyruvate to lactate was approximately three times faster than for 13Cu-glucose or 13Cu-fructose which were not significantly different from each other. After incubating for 4 h, the utilisation of 13Cu-glucose, 13Cu-fructose or 13C1-pyruvate by sperm from the '40%' interface of the DGC was no different from those from the pellet when normalised to total sperm concentration. However, after normalising by either the vital or motile sperm concentration, there was a significant increase in conversion of 13Cu-glucose to lactate by '40%' interface sperm compared to pellet sperm (Vital = 3.3 ± 0.30 × 106 vs 2.0 ± 0.21 × 106; P = 0.0049; Motile = 7.0 ± 0.75 × 106 vs 4.8 ± 0.13 × 106; P = 0.0032. Mann-Whitney test P < 0.0055 taken as statistically significant). No significant differences were observed for 13Cu-fructose or 13C1-pyruvate. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Only 13C labelled metabolites that accumulate to a sufficiently high concentration can be observed by 13C MRS. For this reason, intermediary molecules in the metabolic chain are difficult to observe without trapping the molecule at a particular step using inhibitors. Non-sperm cell concentration was typical of the general population and no link was found between these cells and the magnitude of the 13C-lactate peak. However, it is possible that higher concentrations than the maximum observed (6.9 × 106/ml) may contribute to exogenous substrate metabolism in other experiments. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS 13C-MRS can provide information on the underlying metabolism of multiple pathways in live sperm. Dysfunction in sperm metabolism, as a result of either impaired enzymes of lack of metabolisable substrate, could be detected in sperm by a non-destructive assay, potentially offering new treatment options to improve overall sperm quality and outcomes for reproduction. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the Medical Research Council Grant MR/M010473/1. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Calvert
- Academic Unit of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Immunity, Infection and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M N Paley
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Immunity, Infection and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S J Walters
- School of Health Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - A A Pacey
- Academic Unit of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, UK
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Ushiyama A, Priyadarshana C, Setiawan R, Miyazaki H, Ishikawa N, Tajima A, Asano A. Membrane raft-mediated regulation of glucose signaling pathway leading to acrosome reaction in chicken sperm†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1482-1491. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ushiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
| | - Chathura Priyadarshana
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
| | - Rangga Setiawan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki—, Japan
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Benhenia K, Rahab H, Smadi MA, Benmakhlouf H, Lamara A, Idres T, Iguer-Ouada M. Beneficial and harmful effects of cyclodextrin-vitamin E complex on cryopreserved ram sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:266-273. [PMID: 29891254 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a potent molecule, especially when loaded in cyclodextrin, in modulating oxidative stress during the freeze-thawing process. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of cyclodextrin-vitamin E complex (CD-Vit E) on cryopreserved ram sperm. Ejaculates collected from five adult rams were pooled and divided into four aliquots. All aliquots were treated in Tris-extender (Tris-glucose-citric acid) containing 2 mg cholesterol-loaded methyl-β- cyclodextrin/120 × 106 spermatozoa and either 0 (Control), 2, 4 or 6 mg CD-Vit E/120 × 106 spermatozoa, corresponding to 0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5 of pure vitamin E, respectively. After incubation at 22 °C for 15 min and the addition of Tris-extender containing glycerol and egg yolk (v/v), all aliquots were frozen in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, motility (computer aided sperm analysis), viability (eosin staining), membrane integrity (HOST), acrosome integrity (Coomassie G-250 staining) and lipid peroxidation (Thiobarbituric acid assay) were evaluated. Compared to control, 2 mg CD-Vit E had a significant positive effect on total motility, progressive motility, movement linearity (LIN%), viability and lipid peroxidation. At 4 mg, however, CD-Vit E had a significant negative effect on total motility, progressive motility, membrane functionality and acrosome integrity. At a greater concentration (6 mg), the negative effects were greater as compared with inclusion of 4 mg in the cryoprotectant and the percentage of rapidly and moderately motile gametes and viability were also altered. In conclusion, the effect of CD-Vit E on cryopreserved ram sperm was concentration-dependent with the 2 mg amount having a beneficial effect while greater concentrations (4 and 6 mg) had a harmful effect on sperm motility and gamete integrity but without affecting oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Benhenia
- National Center for Biotechnology Research (CRBt), Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03 BP E73 Constantine, Algeria; Superior National Veterinary School, BP 161, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hamza Rahab
- National Center for Biotechnology Research (CRBt), Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03 BP E73 Constantine, Algeria; Superior National Veterinary School, BP 161, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mustapha-Adnane Smadi
- National Center for Biotechnology Research (CRBt), Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03 BP E73 Constantine, Algeria; Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences Institute, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Batna 1, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Hamza Benmakhlouf
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Techniques (ITELV), Ain M'lila, Algeria
| | - Ali Lamara
- Superior National Veterinary School, BP 161, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Mokrane Iguer-Ouada
- Associated Laboratory in Marine Ecosystems and Aquaculture, Department of Biological Sciences of the Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane-Mira-University, Route de Targua Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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18
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Ramírez-Reveco A, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Concha II. Neuronal signaling repertoire in the mammalian sperm functionality. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:505-524. [PMID: 28339693 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The common embryonic origin has been a recurrent explanation to understand the presence of "neural receptors" in sperm. However, this designation has conditioned a bias marked by the classical neurotransmission model, dismissing the possibility that neurotransmitters can play specific roles in the sperm function by themselves. For instance, the launching of acrosome reaction, a fundamental sperm function, includes several steps that recall the process of presynaptic secretion. Unlike of postsynaptic neuron, whose activation is mediated by molecular interaction between neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptors, the oocyte activation is not mediated by receptors, but by cytosolic translocation of sperm phospholipase (PLCζ). Thus, the sperm has a cellular design to access and activate the oocyte and restore the ploidy of the species by an "allogenic pronuclear fusion." At subcellular level, the events controlling sperm function, particularly the capacitation process, are activated by chemical signals that trigger ion fluxes, sterol oxidation, synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A activation, tyrosine phosphorylations and calcium signaling, which correspond to second messengers similar to those associated with exocytosis and growth cone guidance in neurons. Classically, the sperm function associated with neural signals has been analyzed as a unidimensional approach (single ligand-receptor effect). However, the in vivo sperm are exposed to multidimensional signaling context, for example, the GABAergic, monoaminergic, purinergic, cholinergic, and melatoninergic, to name a few. The aim of this review is to present an overview of sperm functionality associated with "neuronal signaling" and possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramírez-Reveco
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Franz Villarroel-Espíndola
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Pediatric Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joan E Rodríguez-Gil
- Unitat de Reproducció Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilona I Concha
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Vitavska O, Wieczorek H. Putative role of an SLC45 H +/sugar cotransporter in mammalian spermatozoa. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1433-1442. [PMID: 28689241 PMCID: PMC5629229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the detection and analysis of a novel type of sugar transporter in mammalian spermatozoa. This transporter belongs to the SLC45 family for which two features are remarkable and distinguish it from other known families of sugar transporters. Firstly, SLC45 transporters recognise not only the monosaccharides glucose or fructose but also the disaccharide sucrose as a substrate. Secondly, the uptake of sugars is coupled to a proton gradient. Uptake experiments using radioactively labelled sucrose indicated a functional transporter of the SLC45 family in bull spermatozoa. Real-time PCR as well as Western blots demonstrated the occurrence of the SLC45 member A4 in mouse testis and sperms. Furthermore, immunocytochemical analysis of mouse tissues revealed that the signal of SLC45A4 was mainly located in the principle piece of spermatozoa. We postulate that the SLC45A4 transporter plays an important role in nutrition of spermatozoa during their maturation in the epididymis. Moreover, we suggest that knowledge about the presence of the SLC45A4 may be useful also for the methodical improvement of cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vitavska
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Division of Animal Physiology, University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Helmut Wieczorek
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Division of Animal Physiology, University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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20
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Sarkar D, Singh SK. Neonatal hypothyroidism affects testicular glucose homeostasis through increased oxidative stress in prepubertal mice: effects on GLUT3, GLUT8 and Cx43. Andrology 2017; 5:749-762. [PMID: 28471544 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in maintaining the link between metabolism and reproduction and the altered THs status is associated with induction of oxidative stress in various organs like brain, heart, liver and testis. Further, reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in regulation of glucose homeostasis in several organs, and glucose utilization by Leydig cells is essential for testosterone biosynthesis and thus is largely dependent on glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8). Glucose uptake by Sertoli cells is mediated through glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) under the influence of THs to meet energy requirement of developing germ cells. THs also modulate level of gap junctional protein such as connexin 43 (Cx43), a potential regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium. Although the role of transient neonatal hypothyroidism in adult testis in terms of testosterone production is well documented, the effect of THs deficiency in early developmental period and its role in testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress with reference to Cx43 in immature mice remain unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of neonatal hypothyroidism on testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress at postnatal days (PND) 21 and 28 in relation to GLUT3, GLUT8 and Cx43. Hypothyroidism induced by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) markedly decreased testicular glucose level with considerable reduction in expression level of GLUT3 and GLUT8. Likewise, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and intratesticular concentration of lactate were also decreased in hypothyroid mice. There was also a rise in germ cell apoptosis with increased expression of caspase-3 in PTU-treated mice. Further, neonatal hypothyroidism affected germ cell proliferation with decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cx43. In conclusion, our results suggest that neonatal hypothyroidism alters testicular glucose homeostasis via increased oxidative stress in prepubertal mice, thereby affecting germ cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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21
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to confirm the precise glucose transporter (GLUT) 8 localization and determine the expression of GLUT9a and GLUT9b by Western blot and confocal and immunoelectron microscopy in the mouse testis and sperm. GLUT8, GLUT9a, and GLUT9b proteins are expressed in the most intraseminiferous tubula cells and Leydig cells. GLUT8 localizes in the midpiece and principal piece as well as in the acrosomal region of the sperm. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis shows that GLUT8 is strongly detectable at the acrosome and neck region of the sperm. In the midpiece, GLUT8 localizes at the outer dense fibers (odf) as well as at the circumference of the spiral mitochondria. In the principal piece, GLUT8 localizes at the odf. GLUT9a strictly localizes in the midpiece, but GLUT9b localizes in the acrosome, midpiece, and principal piece of the sperm. These results suggest that glucose uptake via GLUT8, GLUT9a, and GLUT9b likely affects normal spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and sperm function in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Peralta O, Bucher D, Angulo C, Castro M, Ratto M, Concha I. Tissue localization of GM-CSF receptor in bovine ovarian follicles and its role on glucose uptake by mural granulosa cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 170:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The Impact of Sperm Metabolism during In Vitro Storage: The Stallion as a Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9380609. [PMID: 26881234 PMCID: PMC4737440 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9380609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro sperm storage is a necessary part of many artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization regimes for many species, including the human and the horse. In many situations spermatozoa are chilled to temperatures between 4 and 10°C for the purpose of restricting the metabolic rate during storage, in turn, reducing the depletion of ATP and the production of detrimental by-products such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another result of lowering the temperature is that spermatozoa may be "cold shocked" due to lipid membrane phase separation, resulting in reduced fertility. To overcome this, a method of sperm storage must be developed that will preclude the need to chill spermatozoa. If a thermally induced restriction-of-metabolic-rate strategy is not employed, ATP production must be supported while ameliorating the deleterious effects of ROS. To achieve this end, an understanding of the nature of energy production by the spermatozoa of the species of interest is essential. Human spermatozoa depend predominantly on glycolytic ATP production, producing significantly less ROS than oxidative phosphorylation, with the more efficient pathway predominantly employed by stallion spermatozoa. This review provides an overview of the implications of sperm metabolism for in vitro sperm storage, with a focus on ambient temperature storage in the stallion.
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Rodríguez-Gil JE, Bonet S. Current knowledge on boar sperm metabolism: Comparison with other mammalian species. Theriogenology 2016; 85:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Kasvandik S, Sillaste G, Velthut-Meikas A, Mikelsaar AV, Hallap T, Padrik P, Tenson T, Jaakma Ü, Kõks S, Salumets A. Bovine sperm plasma membrane proteomics through biotinylation and subcellular enrichment. Proteomics 2015; 15:1906-20. [PMID: 25603787 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of mammalian fertilization is mediated through the proteomic composition of the sperm surface. These protein constituents can present as biomarkers to control and regulate breeding of agricultural animals. Previous studies have addressed the bovine sperm cell apical plasma membrane (PM) proteome with nitrogen cavitation enrichment. Alternative workflows would enable to expand the compositional data more globally around the entire sperm's surface. We used a cell surface biotin-labeling in combination with differential centrifugation to enrich sperm surface proteins. Using nano-LC MS/MS, 338 proteins were confidently identified in the PM-enriched proteome. Functional categories of sperm-egg interaction, protein turnover, metabolism as well as molecular transport, spermatogenesis, and signal transduction were represented by proteins with high quantitative signal in our study. A highly significant degree of enrichment was found for transmembrane and PM-targeted proteins. Among them, we also report proteins previously not described on bovine sperm (CPQ, CD58, CKLF, CPVL, GLB1L3, and LPCAT2B) of which CPQ and CPVL cell surface localization was further validated. A descriptive overview of the bovine sperm PM integral and peripheral proteins is provided to complement future studies on animal reproduction and its relation to sperm cell surface. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001096 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001096).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergo Kasvandik
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerly Sillaste
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Center for Biology of Integrated Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aavo-Valdur Mikelsaar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Hallap
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peeter Padrik
- Animal Breeders Association of Estonia, Keava, Kehtna vald, Raplamaa, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Jaakma
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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26
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Rato L, Alves MG, Cavaco JE, Oliveira PF. High-energy diets: a threat for male fertility? Obes Rev 2014; 15:996-1007. [PMID: 25346452 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Male fertility is declining in developed countries, as well as in developing countries. External factors linked to lifestyle, such as eating disorders, negatively affect spermatogenesis, both at central and gonadal levels. The overconsumption of high-energy diets (HED) alters the functioning of the male reproductive axis and consequently affects the testicular physiology, disrupting its metabolism and bioenergetic capacity. Testicular metabolism presents unique characteristics, partly because of its cellular heterogeneity and to the specific functions that each cell type plays within the testicular environment. Disruption of the tightly regulated metabolic pathways leads to adverse reproductive outcomes, such as inefficient energy supply to germ cells, sperm defects or spermatogenesis arrest. Testicular metabolic alterations induced by HED intake may also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely associated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and oxidative stress. ROS easily target spermatozoa DNA and lipids, contributing to decreased sperm quality. Thus, understanding the detrimental effects of HED overconsumption on the pathways underlying testicular metabolism and sperm production is imperative; otherwise, one may favour a transgenerational amplification of subfertility. Herein, we present an up-to-date overview of the effects of HED on testicular metabolism, sperm parameters and the subsequent consequences for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rato
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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27
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Dias TR, Alves MG, Silva BM, Oliveira PF. Sperm glucose transport and metabolism in diabetic individuals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 396:37-45. [PMID: 25128846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) present marked reduction in sperm quality and higher DNA damage in spermatozoa, evidencing that this metabolic disorder impairs male fertility. These effects are related to defective testicular metabolic pathways and signaling, resulting in altered sperm metabolism. Spermatozoa metabolize several substrates to ensure energy supplies and any alteration in this feature compromise sperm quality. For ATP production, spermatozoa require substrate availability and the involvement of specific hexose membrane carriers. DM is known to modulate the spermatozoa substrate consumption and/or production due to altered glycolytic behavior. In fact, glucose uptake and metabolism is highly deregulated in diabetic individuals. Herein, we present an overview of the implications of DM in sperm glucose uptake and metabolism. The understanding of these processes is essential to identify key mechanisms associated with DM-related male (in)fertility. Moreover, it may contribute to the development of therapeutics to counteract the dysfunction induced by DM in sperm metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia R Dias
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Branca M Silva
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Varner DD, Gibb Z, Aitken RJ. Stallion fertility: a focus on the spermatozoon. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:16-24. [PMID: 24943233 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stallion fertility is a vast subject, with a wide array of permutations that can impact reproductive performance in either positive or negative ways. This review is intended to address a mere segment of the male fertility issue, but the very essence of the male contribution to fertilisation, that of the spermatozoon. Spermatozoal ultrastructure and form-to-function are detailed and spermatozoal metabolism is discussed, with specific reference to distinctive characteristics of stallion spermatozoa. Lastly, methods for assessment of spermatozoal function are considered, with emphasis on spermatozoal motility, the acrosome reaction and spermatozoon-oocyte interactions. Closing comments address the need for development and standardisation of molecular-based assays for use with spermatozoa of stallions whose subfertility cannot be explained with conventional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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29
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Banerjee A, Anuradha, Mukherjee K, Krishna A. Testicular glucose and its transporter GLUT 8 as a marker of age-dependent variation and its role in steroidogenesis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:490-502. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus; Goa India
| | - Anuradha
- Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | | | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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30
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Omurtag K, Esakky P, Debosch BJ, Schoeller EL, Chi MM, Moley KH. Modeling the effect of cigarette smoke on hexose utilization in spermatocytes. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:94-101. [PMID: 24803506 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114533727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We set out to determine whether the addition of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist has an effect on glucose/fructose utilization in the spermatocyte when exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). We exposed male germ cells to 5 and 40 μg/mL of CSC ± 10 μmol/L of AHR antagonist at various time points. Immunoblot expression of specific glucose/fructose transporters was compared to control. Radiolabeled uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and fructose was also performed. Spermatocytes utilized fructose nearly 50-fold more than 2-DG. Uptake of 2-DG decreased after CSC + AHR antagonist exposure. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) 9a and 12 declined after CSC + AHR antagonist exposure. Synergy between CSC and the AHR antagonist in spermatocytes may disrupt the metabolic profile in vitro. Toxic exposures alter energy homeostasis in early stages of male germ cell development, which could contribute to later effects explaining decreases in sperm motility in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Omurtag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prabagaran Esakky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Debosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica L Schoeller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie M Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Effect of white tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) extract in the glycolytic profile of Sertoli cell. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1383-91. [PMID: 24363139 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many health benefits have been attributed to tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)), and tea infusions are used as dietary agent and included in food supplements. Herein, we report the effect of a white tea (WTEA) extract in Sertoli cell (SC) metabolism. The SC is responsible for the nutritional support of the developing germ cells. METHODS An aqueous WTEA extract was prepared and analyzed by (1)H-NMR. Rat SCs were cultured with or without the WTEA extract. mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3), phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 were determined by qPCR and western blot. LDH activity was assessed and metabolite production/consumption determined by (1)H-NMR. RESULTS WTEA-exposed SCs presented decreased protein and mRNA levels of GLUT1 and decreased glucose uptake. However, intracellular LDH activity was increased and SC lactate production was stimulated by the presence of the WTEA extract. Interestingly, alanine production was also found to be stimulated in WTEA extract-exposed SCs. CONCLUSION WTEA extract altered the glycolytic profile of cultured SCs, stimulating lactate production. Since lactate is used as metabolic substrate and has an anti-apoptotic effect in the developing germ cells, the supplementation with WTEA extract may be advantageous to improve male reproductive health.
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32
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Cura AJ, Carruthers A. Role of monosaccharide transport proteins in carbohydrate assimilation, distribution, metabolism, and homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:863-914. [PMID: 22943001 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The facilitated diffusion of glucose, galactose, fructose, urate, myoinositol, and dehydroascorbicacid in mammals is catalyzed by a family of 14 monosaccharide transport proteins called GLUTs. These transporters may be divided into three classes according to sequence similarity and function/substrate specificity. GLUT1 appears to be highly expressed in glycolytically active cells and has been coopted in vitamin C auxotrophs to maintain the redox state of the blood through transport of dehydroascorbate. Several GLUTs are definitive glucose/galactose transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT5 are physiologically important fructose transporters, GLUT9 appears to be a urate transporter while GLUT13 is a proton/myoinositol cotransporter. The physiologic substrates of some GLUTs remain to be established. The GLUTs are expressed in a tissue specific manner where affinity, specificity, and capacity for substrate transport are paramount for tissue function. Although great strides have been made in characterizing GLUT-catalyzed monosaccharide transport and mapping GLUT membrane topography and determinants of substrate specificity, a unifying model for GLUT structure and function remains elusive. The GLUTs play a major role in carbohydrate homeostasis and the redistribution of sugar-derived carbons among the various organ systems. This is accomplished through a multiplicity of GLUT-dependent glucose sensing and effector mechanisms that regulate monosaccharide ingestion, absorption,distribution, cellular transport and metabolism, and recovery/retention. Glucose transport and metabolism have coevolved in mammals to support cerebral glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Cura
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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33
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Roy VK, Krishna A. The expression pattern of the glucose transporter GLUT-5 in the testis during the spermatogenic cycle of the vespertilionid bat Scotophilus heathi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 191:59-64. [PMID: 23751812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the localization and rate of expression of GLUT-5 protein during the spermatogenic cycle of Scotophilus heathi and to determine whether the expression of testicular GLUT-5 was under androgenic control. This study showed localization of GLUT-5 mainly in the spermatogonia, spermatids, spermatozoa and Leydig cells of the testis in S. heathi. Western blot analysis showed marked variation in the rate of expression of GLUT-5 protein in the testis during the reproductive cycle, in which peak expression of GLUT-5 in the testis coincided with the period of peak spermatogenesis and mating. Treatment with flutamide (an anti-androgen) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of GLUT-5 protein in the testis that suggested that the expression of GLUT-5 was under androgenic control. We propose that GLUT-5 plays an important role in the transport into spermatozoa of the fuel that is required for prolonged storage in the female genital tract in S. heathi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796 004, India
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34
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Mueckler M, Thorens B. The SLC2 (GLUT) family of membrane transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:121-38. [PMID: 23506862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 813] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GLUT proteins are encoded by the SLC2 genes and are members of the major facilitator superfamily of membrane transporters. Fourteen GLUT proteins are expressed in the human and they are categorized into three classes based on sequence similarity. All GLUTs appear to transport hexoses or polyols when expressed ectopically, but the primary physiological substrates for several of the GLUTs remain uncertain. GLUTs 1-5 are the most thoroughly studied and all have well established roles as glucose and/or fructose transporters in various tissues and cell types. The GLUT proteins are comprised of ∼500 amino acid residues, possess a single N-linked oligosaccharide, and have 12 membrane-spanning domains. In this review we briefly describe the major characteristics of the 14 GLUT family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Mueckler
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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35
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Roy VK, Krishna A. Changes in glucose and carnitine levels and their transporters in utero-tubal junction in relation to sperm storage in the vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 319:517-26. [PMID: 24039231 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sperm storage over winter is a common feature of reproduction in some bats. In order to understand how sperm storage in the female genital tract of the vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi (Greater yellow bat), is controlled, we compared concentrations of glucose and the fatty-acid carrier carnitine in the blood, and carnitine concentrations and levels of expression of the glucose transporters (GLUTs) and the carnitine transporter OCTN2 in the utero-tubal junction of females during non-storage (early winter) and sperm-storage periods (late winter-early spring). During the sperm-storage period (December-January) blood glucose concentrations declined, as did the expression of GLUT3 and GLUT5 in the utero-tubal junction. At the same time there were increases in the concentration of carnitine, and expression of OCTN2 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the utero-tubal junction. These results suggest that prolonged sperm storage is enhanced by decreased glucose availability but increased free fatty acid availability at the site of sperm storage. Increases in expression of GLUT4 and GLUT8 in late winter suggest a role for these GLUTs in increasing sperm motility prior to fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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36
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Mueckler M, Thorens B. The SLC2 (GLUT) family of membrane transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.001\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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The SLC2 (GLUT) family of membrane transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.001 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Mammalian sperm have evolved under strict selection pressures that have resulted in a highly polarized and efficient design. A critical component of that design is the compartmentalization of specific metabolic pathways to specific regions of the cell. Although the restricted localization of mitochondria to the midpiece is the best known example of this design, the organization of the enzymes of glycolysis along the fibrous sheath is the primary focus of this review. Evolution of variants of these metabolic enzymes has allowed them to function when tethered, enabling localized energy production that is essential for sperm motility. We close by exploring how this design might be mimicked to provide an energy-producing platform technology for applications in nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Chauvin T, Xie F, Liu T, Nicora CD, Yang F, Camp DG, Smith RD, Roberts KP. A systematic analysis of a deep mouse epididymal sperm proteome. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:141. [PMID: 23115268 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells that, when mature, are capable of navigating the female reproductive tract and fertilizing an oocyte. The sperm cell is thought to be largely quiescent in terms of transcriptional and translational activity. As a result, once it has left the male reproductive tract, the sperm cell is essentially operating with a static population of proteins. It therefore is theoretically possible to understand the protein networks contained in a sperm cell and to deduce its cellular function capabilities. To this end, we performed a proteomic analysis of mouse sperm isolated from the cauda epididymis and confidently identified 2850 proteins, which to our knowledge is the most comprehensive sperm proteome for any species reported to date. These proteins comprise many complete cellular pathways, including those for energy production via glycolysis, beta-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, protein folding and transport, and cell signaling systems. This proteome should prove a useful tool for assembly and testing of protein networks important for sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Chauvin
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99201, USA
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40
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Mata-Campuzano M, Álvarez-Rodríguez M, del Olmo E, Fernández-Santos M, Garde J, Martínez-Pastor F. Quality, oxidative markers and DNA damage (DNA) fragmentation of red deer thawed spermatozoa after incubation at 37 °C in presence of several antioxidants. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1005-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Male factor infertility is increasing in developed countries, and several factors linked to lifestyle have been shown to negatively affect spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells are pivotal to spermatogenesis, providing nutritional support to germ cells throughout their development. Sertoli cells display atypical features in their cellular metabolism; they can metabolize various substrates, preferentially glucose, the majority of which is converted to lactate and not oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Why Sertoli cells preferentially export lactate for germ cells is not entirely understood. However, lactate is utilized as the main energy substrate by developing germ cells and has an antiapoptotic effect on these cells. Several biochemical mechanisms contribute to the modulation of lactate secretion by Sertoli cells. These include the transport of glucose through the plasma membrane, mediated by glucose transporters; the interconversion of pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase; and the release of lactate mediated by monocarboxylate transporters. Several factors that modulate Sertoli cell metabolism have been identified, including sex steroid hormones, which are crucial for maintenance of energy homeostasis, influencing the metabolic balance of the whole body. In fact, energy status is essential for normal reproductive function, since the reproductive axis has the capacity to respond to metabolic cues.
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42
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Mata-Campuzano M, Alvarez-Rodríguez M, Alvarez M, Anel L, de Paz P, Garde JJ, Martínez-Pastor F. Effect of several antioxidants on thawed ram spermatozoa submitted to 37°C up to four hours. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:907-14. [PMID: 22372742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.01990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thawed ram spermatozoa were incubated at 37°C in the presence of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), TEMPOL (TPL), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and rutin (RUT), at 0.1 and 1 mm, in order to test their effects on sperm physiology. Cryopreserved spermatozoa from four rams were thawed, pooled, washed and incubated in TALP-Hepes with 1 mm or 0.1 mm of each antioxidant, performing a replicate with induced oxidative stress (Fe(2+) /ascorbate). Motility (CASA), viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (flow cytometry) were analysed at 2 and 4 h. Lipoperoxidation (MDA production), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA status (TUNEL) were analysed at 4 h. Antioxidants, except DHA 0.1 mm, decreased motility and kinematic parameters, but had little effect on viability or mitochondrial activity. Except 1 mm DHA, the antioxidants reduced ROS at 4 h. Moreover, NAC 1 mm, rutin and TEMPOL reduced ROS and DNA damage in the presence of oxidative stress. N-acetyl-cysteine, rutin 1 mm and TEMPOL reduced lipoperoxidation in the presence of oxidative stress. However, DHA did not affect lipoperoxidation. At 1 mm, DHA increased DNA damage in the absence of oxidative stress. Dehydroascorbic acid effects could arise from spermatozoa having a low capacity for reducing it to ascorbic acid, and it may be tested in the presence of other antioxidants or reducing power. Future research should focus in testing whether the inhibition of motility observed for NAC, rutin and TEMPOL is reversible. These antioxidants might be useful at lower temperatures (refrigerated storage or cryopreservation) when their protective effects could be advantageous.
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43
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Oliveira P, Alves M, Rato L, Laurentino S, Silva J, Sá R, Barros A, Sousa M, Carvalho R, Cavaco J, Socorro S. Effect of insulin deprivation on metabolism and metabolism-associated gene transcript levels of in vitro cultured human Sertoli cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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44
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Liu J, Lee GY, Lawitts JA, Toner M, Biggers JD. Preservation of mouse sperm by convective drying and storing in 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29924. [PMID: 22272261 PMCID: PMC3260178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the fast advancement in the genetics and bio-medical fields, the vast number of valuable transgenic and rare genetic mouse models need to be preserved. Preservation of mouse sperm by convective drying and subsequent storing at above freezing temperatures could dramatically reduce the cost and facilitate shipping. Mouse sperm were convectively dried under nitrogen gas in the Na-EGTA solution containing 100 mmol/L 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and stored in LiCl sorption jars (Relative Humidity, RH, 12%) at 4°C and 22°C for up to one year. The functionality of these sperm samples after storage was tested by intracytoplasmic injection into mouse oocytes. The percentages of blastocysts produced from sperm stored at 4°C for 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months were 62.6%, 53.4%, 39.6%, 33.3%, and 30.4%, respectively, while those stored at 22°C for 1, 2, and 3 months were 28.8%, 26.6%, and 12.2%, respectively. Transfer of 38 two- to four-cell embryos from sperm stored at 4°C for 1 year produced two live pups while 59 two- to four-cell embryos from sperm stored at 22°C for 3 months also produced two live pups. Although all the pups looked healthy at 3 weeks of age, normality of offspring produced using convectively dried sperm needs further investigation. The percentages of blastocyst from sperm stored in the higher relative humidity conditions of NaBr and MgCl(2) jars and driest condition of P(2)O(5) jars at 4°C and 22°C were all lower. A simple method of mouse sperm preservation is demonstrated. Three-O-methyl-D-glucose, a metabolically inactive derivative of glucose, offers significant protection for dried mouse sperm at above freezing temperatures without the need for poration of cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Hereng TH, Elgstøen KBP, Cederkvist FH, Eide L, Jahnsen T, Skålhegg BS, Rosendal KR. Exogenous pyruvate accelerates glycolysis and promotes capacitation in human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:3249-63. [PMID: 21946930 PMCID: PMC3212877 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an ongoing debate in the reproductive field about whether mammalian spermatozoa rely on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation or both for their energy production. Recent studies have proposed that human spermatozoa depend mainly on glucose for motility and fertilization but the mechanism behind an efficient glycolysis in human spermatozoa is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate how human spermatozoa utilize exogenous pyruvate to enhance glycolytic ATP production, motility, hyperactivation and capacitation, events that are crucial for male fertility. METHODS Purified human spermatozoa from healthy donors were incubated under capacitating conditions (including albumin, bicarbonate and glucose) and tested for changes in ATP levels, motility, hyperactivation and tyrosine phosphorylation after treatment with pyruvate. The experiments were repeated in the presence of sodium cyanide in order to assess the contribution from mitochondrial respiration. The metabolism of 13C labeled glucose and pyruvate was traced by a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS The treatment of human spermatozoa with exogenous pyruvate increased intracellular ATP levels, progressive motility and hyperactivation by 56, 21 and 130%, respectively. In addition, added pyruvate induced a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation levels. Blocking of the electron transport chain did not markedly affect the results, indicating that the mechanism is independent of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the observed effects could be counteracted by oxamate, an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Metabolic tracing experiments revealed that the observed rise in ATP concentration resulted from an enhanced glycolytic flux, which was increased by more than 50% in the presence of exogenous pyruvate. Moreover, all consumed 13C labeled pyruvate added was converted to lactate rather than oxidized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. CONCLUSIONS Human spermatozoa seem to rely mainly, if not entirely, on glycolysis as the source of ATP fueling the energy-demanding processes of motility and capacitation. The efficient glycolysis is dependent on exogenous pyruvate, which indirectly feeds the accelerated glycolysis with NAD+ through the LDH-mediated conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Pyruvate is present in the human female reproductive tract at concentrations in accordance with our results. As seen in other mammals, the motility and fertility of human spermatozoa seem to be dictated by the available energy substrates present in the conspecific female.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Hereng
- Spermatech AS, Forskningsveien 2A, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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Bucci D, Spinaci M, Vallorani C, Contri A, Carluccio A, Isani G, Tamanini C, Galeati G. Detection and localization of GLUTs 1, 2, 3 and 5 in donkey spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:e217-20. [PMID: 19930135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
GLUTs are a family of proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose and other hexoses through the plasma membrane of the cells. GLUTs are present in mammalian spermatozoon's membrane in different isoforms and they supply metabolic substrates for all the cell's activities such as motility, homoeostasis and fertilization. As studies about donkey spermatozoa and their metabolism are lacking, this study was aimed at detecting GLUTs 1, 2, 3 and 5 presence by western blotting technique and at determining their localization on the plasma membrane by indirect immunofluorescence. Each protein showed a typical localization on the sperm cells' plasma membrane, differencing the one to the other on the basis of the hexose they transport. We also highlighted some differences between GLUTs distribution and molecular weight in donkey spermatozoa and its nearest relative, the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bucci
- Dipartimento di Morfofisiologia Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Dupont PY, Stepien G. Computational analysis of the transcriptional regulation of the adenine nucleotide translocator isoform 4 gene and its role in spermatozoid glycolytic metabolism. Gene 2011; 487:38-45. [PMID: 21827840 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Computational phylogenetic analysis coupled to promoter sequence alignment was used to understand mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and to identify potentially coregulated genes. Our strategy was validated on the human ANT4 gene which encodes the fourth isoform of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator specifically expressed during spermatogenesis. The movement of sperm flagella is driven mainly by ATP generated by glycolytic pathways, and the specific induction of the mitochondrial ANT4 protein presented an interesting puzzle. We analysed the sequences of the promoters, introns and exons of 30 mammalian ANT4 genes and constructed regulatory models. The whole human genome and promoter database were screened for genes that were potentially regulated by the generated models. 80% of the identified co-regulated genes encoded proteins with specific roles in spermatogenesis and with functions linked to male reproduction. Our in silico study enabled us to precise the specific role of the ANT4 isoform in spermatozoid bioenergetics.
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Auger J, Eustache F, Maceiras P, Broussard C, Chafey P, Lesaffre C, Vaiman D, Camoin L, Auer J. Modified expression of several sperm proteins after chronic exposure to the antiandrogenic compound vinclozolin. Toxicol Sci 2010; 117:475-84. [PMID: 20616205 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular impact of in vivo exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs) on sperm structures and functions. We recently reported that the lifelong exposure of rats to the antiandrogenic compound vinclozolin results in low epididymal weight, changes in sperm kinematic parameters, and immature sperm chromatin condensation, together with the impairment of several fertility end points. These results led us to focus specifically on possible molecular abnormalities in sperm. Sperm samples were recovered from the frozen epididymides of rats exposed during the previous study. The proteins present in the samples from six exposed and six control rats were analyzed in pairs, by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, to investigate possible exposure-induced changes to sperm protein profiles. Twelve proteins, from the 380 matched spots observed in at least five gels, were present in larger or smaller amounts after vinclozolin exposure. These proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and several are known to play a crucial role in the sperm fertilizing ability, among which, two mitochondrial enzymes, malate dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (both of which were present in smaller amounts after treatment) and A-kinase anchor protein 4 (larger amounts of precursor after treatment). Finally, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed highly significant interactions between proteins over- and underexpressed after treatment. This is the first study to show an association between in vivo exposure to an ED and changes to the sperm protein profile. These modifications may be at least partly responsible for the reproductive abnormalities and impaired fertility recently reported in this rat model of vinclozolin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Auger
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction/CECOS, 75014 Paris, France.
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Yeung CH. Aquaporins in spermatozoa and testicular germ cells: identification and potential role. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:490-9. [PMID: 20562895 PMCID: PMC3739372 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa have relatively high water permeability and swell readily, as in the hypo-osmotic swelling test used in the andrology clinic. Physiologically, spermatozoa experience changes in the osmolality of the surrounding fluids in both the male and the female tracts on their journey from the testis to the ovum. Sperm volume regulation in response to such osmotic challenges is important to maintain a stable cell size for the normal shape and function of the sperm tail. Alongside ion channels for the fluxes of osmolytes, water channels would be crucial for sperm volume regulation. In contrast to the deep knowledge and numerous studies on somatic cell aquaporins (AQPs), the understanding of sperm AQPs is limited. Among the 13 AQPs, convincing evidence for their presence in spermatozoa has been confined to AQP7, AQP8 and AQP11. Overall, current findings indicate a major role of AQP8 in water influx and efflux for sperm volume regulation, which is required for natural fertilization. The preliminary data suggestive of a role for AQP7 in sperm glycerol metabolism needs further substantiation. The association of AQP11 with the residual cytoplasm of elongated spermatids and the distal tail of spermatozoa supports the hypothesis of more than just a role in conferring water permeability and also in the turnover and recycling of surplus cellular components made redundant during spermiogenesis and spermiation. This would be crucial for the maintenance of a germinal epithelium functioning efficiently in the production of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hei Yeung
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinic, Muenster, Germany.
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Bucci D, Isani G, Spinaci M, Tamanini C, Mari G, Zambelli D, Galeati G. Comparative Immunolocalization of GLUTs 1, 2, 3 and 5 in Boar, Stallion and Dog Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:315-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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