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The phenomenon of abnormal eating and taste perception: What’s the link in subjects with obesity and eating disorders? Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Berking M, Eichler E, Naumann E, Svaldi J. The efficacy of a transdiagnostic emotion regulation skills training in the treatment of binge-eating disorder-Results from a randomized controlled trial. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:998-1018. [PMID: 35567309 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deficits in emotion regulation (ER) have been shown to be associated with binge-eating disorder (BED). To further clarify the causal nature of this association, we tested whether systematically enhancing ER skills would reduce symptoms of BED. METHODS We randomly allocated N = 101 individuals meeting the criteria for BED to a transdiagnostic ER skills training or to a waitlist control condition (WLC). Primary outcome was the reduction in binges during the treatment-vs.-waiting period as assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. RESULTS Mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that the average pre-to-post decrease in binges assessed with the EDE was significantly greater in the ER skills training condition than in the WLC (d = 0.66). These effects were stable over the 6-month follow-up period (d = 0.72). Remission rates at post/follow-up were 34.4/45.0% in the skills training and 7.5/20.0% in the WLC. Additionally, we found a greater reduction in general eating disorder psychopathology, of food consumption in a bogus taste test and of depression in the ER skills training condition. Moreover, the greater reduction in binge-eating episodes in the training condition was (partially) mediated by a greater increase in ER skills. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide further support for the assumed importance of deficits in ER as a maintaining factor and, hence, as a target in the treatment of BED. As ER skills trainings have been shown to also reduce other kinds of psychopathology, they might be considered a promising transdiagnostic add-on component to disorder-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Eichler
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiology and maintenance of eating-disorder symptoms are not well understood. Evidence suggests that there may be gustatory alterations in patients with eating disorders. OBJECTIVE This article systematically reviews research assessing gustatory differences in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD A systematic review was performed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, examining taste and eating disorders. We reviewed electronic databases and identified 1,490 peer-reviewed English-language studies. Of these, 49 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Studies employed psychophysical measures (n = 27), self-reported questionnaires (n = 5), and neuroimaging techniques (i.e., electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging; n = 17). Psychophysical studies showed that individuals with BN, in general, had greater preference for sweetness than healthy controls, and those with AN had a greater aversion for fat than controls. In neuroimaging studies, findings suggested that predictable administration of sweet-taste stimuli was associated with reduced activation in taste-reward regions of the brain among individuals with AN (e.g., insula, ventral, and dorsal striatum) but increased activation in BN and BED. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this systematic review is the first to synthesize literature on taste differences in AN, BN, and BED. The inconsistency and variability in methods used across studies increased difficulties in comparing studies and disease processes. Further studies with well-defined population parameters are warranted to better understand how taste varies in patients with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhrarup Roy
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis T. Franks
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Svaldi J, Werle D, Naumann E, Eichler E, Berking M. Prospective associations of negative mood and emotion regulation in the occurrence of binge eating in binge eating disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 115:61-68. [PMID: 31121393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retrospective and experimental data demonstrate the importance of emotion regulation (ER) in the maintenance of binge episodes in binge eating disorder (BED). The current study tested whether mood and ER prospectively influence binge episodes in individuals with BED via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Individuals with BED (n = 79) completed two weeks of EMA. Each sampling point consisted of a series of questions pertaining to participants' mood, ER, and eating behaviour. Successful application of adaptive ER strategies predicted subsequent abstinence, while rumination predicted subsequent binge episodes. However, neither successful application of adaptive ER, nor maladaptive ER, moderated the association between negative mood and probability of binge episodes. This naturalistic study emphasizes the importance of promoting the successful application of adaptive ER skills and cessation of rumination in treatment interventions designed to decrease the occurrence of binge episodes in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Svaldi
- University of Tübingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany.
| | - Dustin Werle
- University of Tübingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Eva Naumann
- University of Tübingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Eva Eichler
- University of Erlangen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- University of Erlangen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
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Skead NK, Rogers SL, Doraisamy J. Looking beyond the mirror: Psychological distress; disordered eating, weight and shape concerns; and maladaptive eating habits in lawyers and law students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2018; 61:90-102. [PMID: 30219481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that, in comparison to professionals and University students in other disciplines, lawyers and law students may be at greater risk of experiencing high levels of psychological distress. There is also a large body of literature supporting an association between stress, anxiety and depression and unhealthy eating. This article reports on the results of a study of Australian legal professionals and law students that evidence a positive association between psychological distress; disordered eating, weight and shape concerns; and maladaptive eating habits in lawyers and law students. Additionally, this study confirms a positive link between frequency of exercise and subjective physical well-being, that in turn is associated with enhanced emotional well-being. Based on the results of this study, we suggest simple yet effective strategies law firms and law schools might adopt to support the mental health of their staff and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Skead
- School of Law, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Shane L Rogers
- School of Psychology and Social Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
| | - Jerome Doraisamy
- School of Law, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Meule A, Küppers C, Harms L, Friederich HC, Schmidt U, Blechert J, Brockmeyer T. Food cue-induced craving in individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204151. [PMID: 30212574 PMCID: PMC6136823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge-eating disorder (BED) experience more frequent and intense food cravings than individuals without binge eating. However, it is currently unclear whether they also show larger food cue-induced increases in craving (i.e., food cue reactivity) than those without binge eating, as suggested by conditioning theories of binge eating. A group of individuals with BN or BED (binge-eating group, n = 27) and a group of individuals with low trait food craving scores and without binge eating (control group, n = 19) reported their current food craving before and after a food cue exposure. Although food craving intensity significantly increased in both groups, this increase was significantly stronger in the binge-eating group than in the control group. This result is in line with conditioning models of binge eating that propose that food cues are conditioned stimuli that elicit a conditioned response (e.g., food craving) and that this association is stronger in individuals with binge eating. As food craving increased in individuals with low trait food craving scores as well-although to a lesser extent-previous null results might be explained by methodological considerations such as not screening control participants for trait food craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carolyn Küppers
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louisa Harms
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Eating Disorders Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Timo Brockmeyer
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Noradrenaline transporter availability on [ 11C]MRB PET predicts weight loss success in highly obese adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1618-1625. [PMID: 29627935 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the mechanisms by which the central noradrenaline (NA) system influences appetite and controls energy balance are quite well understood, its relationship to changes in body weight remains largely unknown. The main goal of this study was to further clarify whether the brain NA system is a stable trait or whether it can be altered by dietary intervention. METHODS We aimed to compare central NA transporter (NAT) availability in ten obese, otherwise healthy individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 42.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (age 34 ± 9 years, four women) and ten matched non-obese, healthy controls (BMI 23.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2, age 33 ± 10 years, four women) who underwent PET with the NAT-selective radiotracer (S,S)-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB) before and 6 months after dietary intervention. RESULTS MRI-based individual volume-of-interest analyses revealed an increase in binding potential (BPND) in the insula and the hippocampus of obese individuals, which correlated well with changes in BMI (-3.3 ± 5.3%; p = 0.03) following completion of the dietary intervention. Furthermore, voxel-wise regression analyses showed that lower BPND in these regions, but also in the midbrain and the prefrontal cortex, at baseline was associated with higher achieved weight loss (e.g., hippocampal area R2 = 0.80; p < 0.0001). No changes were observed in non-obese controls. CONCLUSION These first longitudinal interventional data on NAT availability in highly obese individuals indicate that the central NA system is modifiable. Our findings suggest that NAT availability before intervention could help predict the amount and success of weight loss in obese individuals and help adjust treatment options individually by allowing prediction of the benefit of a dietary intervention.
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Grundeis F, Brand C, Kumar S, Rullmann M, Mehnert J, Pleger B. Non-invasive Prefrontal/Frontal Brain Stimulation Is Not Effective in Modulating Food Reappraisal Abilities or Calorie Consumption in Obese Females. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:334. [PMID: 28676735 PMCID: PMC5476843 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Previous studies suggest that non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the prefrontal cortex modulates food choices and calorie intake in obese humans. Participants/Methods: In the present fully randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject and double-blinded study, we applied single sessions of anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and contralateral frontal operculum in 25 hungry obese women and investigated possible influences on food reappraisal abilities as well as calorie intake. We hypothesized that tDCS, (i) improves the ability to regulate the desire for visually presented foods and, (ii) reduces their consumption. Results: We could not confirm an effect of anodal or cathodal tDCS, neither on the ability to modulate the desire for visually presented foods, nor on calorie consumption. Conclusions: The present findings do not support the notion of prefrontal/frontal tDCS as a promising treatment option for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Grundeis
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Cristin Brand
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Mehnert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University BochumBochum, Germany
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Setsu R, Hirano Y, Tokunaga M, Takahashi T, Numata N, Matsumoto K, Masuda Y, Matsuzawa D, Iyo M, Shimizu E, Nakazato M. Increased Subjective Distaste and Altered Insula Activity to Umami Tastant in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 28993739 PMCID: PMC5622337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine differences in brain neural activation in response to monosodium glutamate (MSG), the representative component of umami, between patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy women (HW) controls. We analyzed brain activity after ingestion of an MSG solution using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a group of women with BN (n = 18) and a group of HW participants (n = 18). Both groups also provided a subjective assessment of the MSG solution via a numerical rating scale. The BN group subjectively rated the MSG solution lower in pleasantness and liking than the control group, although no difference in subjective intensity was noted. The fMRI results demonstrated greater activation of the right insula in the BN group versus the control group. Compared with the HW controls, the BN patients demonstrated both altered taste perception-related brain activity and more negative hedonic scores in response to MSG stimuli. Different hedonic evaluation, expressed as the relative low pleasing taste of umami tastant and associated with altered insula function, may explain disturbed eating behaviors, including the imbalance in food choices, in BN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikukage Setsu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miki Tokunaga
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Numata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Masuda
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuzawa
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakazato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Klein KM, Forney KJ, Keel PK. A preliminary evaluation of the validity of binge-eating disorder defining features in a community-based sample. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:524-8. [PMID: 26607858 PMCID: PMC4870096 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little empirical attention has been paid to the DSM-5 definition of binge-eating disorder (BED), particularly to the associated features of binge episodes. The present study sought to determine how the associated features and undue influence of weight/shape on self-evaluation contribute to evidence of a clinically significant eating disorder. METHOD Secondary analyses were conducted on data (N = 80; 76.3% women, 76.3% Caucasian, ages 18-43) collected through an epidemiological study of eating patterns. Descriptive statistics were used to report the sample prevalence of the features, independently and in combination. Correlations and alpha reliability were employed to examine relationships among associated features, distress regarding bingeing, and clinical diagnosis. Regression models and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the utility of the features for explaining variance in distress. RESULTS Internal consistency reliability for indicators was low, and several features demonstrated low or nonsignificant associations with distress and diagnosis. Feeling disgusted/depressed/guilty was the only unique predictor of distress (p = 0.001). For the ROC curves, three features was the best threshold for predicting distress. DISCUSSION Results support the need to refine the features to ensure better detection of clinically significant eating pathology for research inclusion and treatment of the illness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:524-528).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Klein
- Department of Psychology; Florida State University; 1107 W. Call St Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - K. Jean Forney
- Department of Psychology; Florida State University; 1107 W. Call St Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology; Florida State University; 1107 W. Call St Tallahassee Florida 32306
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11
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Meule A, von Rezori V, Blechert J. Food Addiction and Bulimia Nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:331-7. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychology I; University of Würzburg; Germany
- Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; LWL University Hospital Hamm of the Ruhr University Bochum; Germany
| | - Vittoria von Rezori
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology; University of Salzburg; Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology; University of Salzburg; Austria
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Svaldi J, Tuschen-Caffier B, Trentowska M, Caffier D, Naumann E. Differential caloric intake in overweight females with and without binge eating: Effects of a laboratory-based emotion-regulation training. Behav Res Ther 2014; 56:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Jordan J, McIntosh VVW, Carter JD, Rowe S, Taylor K, Frampton CMA, McKenzie JM, Latner J, Joyce PR. Bulimia nervosa-nonpurging subtype: closer to the bulimia nervosa-purging subtype or to binge eating disorder? Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:231-8. [PMID: 24282157 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DSM-5 has dropped subtyping of bulimia nervosa (BN), opting to continue inclusion of the somewhat contentious diagnosis of BN-nonpurging subtype (BN-NP) within a broad BN category. Some contend however that BN-NP is more like binge eating disorder (BED) than BN-P. This study examines clinical characteristics, eating disorder symptomatology, and Axis I comorbidity in BN-NP, BN-P, and BED groups to establish whether BN-NP more closely resembles BN-P or BED. METHOD Women with BN-P (n = 29), BN-NP (n = 29), and BED (n = 54) were assessed at baseline in an outpatient psychotherapy trial for those with binge eating. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV, Eating Disorder Examination, and Eating Disorder Inventory-2. RESULTS The BN-NP subtype had BMIs between those with BN-P and BED. Both BN subtypes had higher Restraint and Drive for Thinness scores than BED. Body Dissatisfaction was highest in BN-NP and predicted BN-NP compared to BN-P. Higher Restraint and lower BMI predicted BN-NP relative to BED. BN-NP resembled BED with higher lifetime BMIs; and weight-loss clinic than eating disorder clinic attendances relative to the BN-P subtype. Psychiatric comorbidity was comparable except for higher lifetime cannabis use disorder in the BN-NP than BN-P subtype DISCUSSION These results suggest that BN-NP sits between BN-P and BED however the high distress driving inappropriate compensatory behaviors in BN-P requires specialist eating disorder treatment. These results support retaining the BN-NP group within the BN category. Further research is needed to determine whether there are meaningful differences in outcome over follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Schreiber-Gregory DN, Lavender JM, Engel SG, Wonderlich SA, Crosby RD, Peterson CB, Simonich H, Crow S, Durkin N, Mitchell JE. Examining duration of binge eating episodes in binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:810-4. [PMID: 23881639 PMCID: PMC3889648 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this article is to examine and clarify characteristics of binge eating in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), particularly the duration of binge eating episodes, as well as potential differences between individuals with shorter compared to longer binge eating episodes. METHOD Two studies exploring binge eating characteristics in BED were conducted. Study 1 examined differences in clinical variables among individuals (N = 139) with BED who reported a short (<2 h) versus long (≥ 2 h) average binge duration. Study 2 utilized an ecological momentary assessment design to examine the duration and temporal pattern of binge eating episodes in the natural environment in a separate sample of nine women with BED. RESULTS Participants in Study 1 who were classified as having long duration binge eating episodes displayed greater symptoms of depression and lower self-esteem, but did not differ on other measures of eating disorder symptoms, compared to those with short duration binge eating episodes. In Study 2, the average binge episode duration was approximately 42 min, and binge eating episodes were most common during the early afternoon and evening hours, as well as more common on weekdays versus weekends. DISCUSSION Past research on binge episode characteristics, particularly duration, has been limited to studies of binge eating episodes in bulimia nervosa. This study contributes to the existing literature on characteristics of binge eating in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N. Schreiber-Gregory
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota,Correspondence concerning this research article should be sent to:
| | | | - Scott G. Engel
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Steve A. Wonderlich
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Scott Crow
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nora Durkin
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James E. Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Fargo, North Dakota
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Rosenbaum DL, White KS. The Role of Anxiety in Binge Eating Behavior: A Critical Examination of Theory and Empirical Literature. Health Psychol Res 2013; 1:e19. [PMID: 26973904 PMCID: PMC4768578 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2013.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect (i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kamila S White
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO, USA
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Castellini G, Mannucci E, Lo Sauro C, Benni L, Lazzeretti L, Ravaldi C, Rotella CM, Faravelli C, Ricca V. Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective binge eating in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a three-year follow-up study. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2012; 81:11-20. [PMID: 22116257 DOI: 10.1159/000329358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective binge eating episodes in the two syndromes. METHODS 85 BN and 133 BED patients were studied. Objective and subjective binge eating, and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS At baseline, BN and BED patients showed different emotions associated with binge eating: anger/frustration for BN and depression for BED patients. Objective binge eating frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in BN patients, and with lower emotional eating and depressive symptoms in BED patients. Lower subjective binge eating frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both BN and BED patients. Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for BN patients, and lower depression and emotional eating for BED patients. CONCLUSIONS Eating psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective binge eating in BN and BED patients, and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective binge eating deserves an accurate assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, Florence University School of Medicine, Florence, Italy
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Haedt-Matt AA, Keel PK. Revisiting the affect regulation model of binge eating: a meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment. Psychol Bull 2011; 137:660-681. [PMID: 21574678 DOI: 10.1037/a0023660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The affect regulation model of binge eating, which posits that patients binge eat to reduce negative affect (NA), has received support from cross-sectional and laboratory-based studies. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves momentary ratings and repeated assessments over time and is ideally suited to identify temporal antecedents and consequences of binge eating. This meta-analytic review includes EMA studies of affect and binge eating. Electronic database and manual searches produced 36 EMA studies with N = 968 participants (89% Caucasian women). Meta-analyses examined changes in affect before and after binge eating using within-subjects standardized mean gain effect sizes (ESs). Results supported greater NA preceding binge eating relative to average affect (ES = 0.63) and affect before regular eating (ES = 0.68). However, NA increased further following binge episodes (ES = 0.50). Preliminary findings suggested that NA decreased following purging in bulimia nervosa (ES = -0.46). Moderators included diagnosis (with significantly greater elevations of NA prior to bingeing in binge eating disorder compared to bulimia nervosa) and binge definition (with significantly smaller elevations of NA before binge vs. regular eating episodes for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders definition compared to lay definitions of binge eating). Overall, results fail to support the affect regulation model of binge eating and challenge reductions in NA as a maintenance factor for binge eating. However, limitations of this literature include unidimensional analyses of NA and inadequate examination of affect during binge eating, as binge eating may regulate only specific facets of affect or may reduce NA only during the episode.
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Haedt-Matt AA, Keel PK. Hunger and binge eating: a meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:573-8. [PMID: 21997419 PMCID: PMC3111846 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge eating has been associated with increased hunger, suggesting a role for impaired appetite regulation. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is ideally suited to examine whether hunger is a precipitant of binge eating but results from such studies have not been systematically reviewed. This study provides a meta-analysis of EMA studies that have examined hunger as an antecedent of binge eating. METHOD Electronic database and manual searches produced seven EMA studies with N = 180 participants. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare: (1) pre-binge eating hunger to average ratings of hunger, and (2) pre-binge eating hunger to hunger before regular eating. RESULTS Across studies, hunger was significantly greater before binge eating compared with average hunger ratings, but was significantly lower before binge eating compared with before other eating episodes. DISCUSSION Excessive hunger does not appear to be a precipitant of binge eating because higher levels of hunger are observed before regular eating episodes. However, lower hunger before food consumption may contribute to the experience of a particular eating episode as a binge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A. Haedt-Matt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Address for correspondence: Alissa A. Haedt-Matt, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA ()
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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Núñez-Navarro A, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alvarez-Moya E, Villarejo C, Díaz IS, Augmantell CM, Granero R, Penelo E, Krug I, Tinahones FJ, Bulik CM, Fernández-Aranda F. Differentiating purging and nonpurging bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:488-96. [PMID: 20872757 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore similarities and differences in clinical and personality variables across three groups: binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa-purging type (BN-P), and bulimia nervosa-non purging type (BN-NP). METHOD The participants were 102 female eating disorders patients (34 BED, 34 BN-P, and 34 BN-NP) consecutively admitted to the eating disorders unit, at the University Hospital of Bellvitge, and diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS BED patients were older, and more likely to have personal and family history of obesity. A gradient in psychopathological scores emerged with BN-P patients having higher pathological scores on the SCL-90-R, followed by BN-NP and BED patients. No statistically significant differences were observed in personality traits. DISCUSSION Our data supported that eating disorders (namely BED, BN-NP, and BN-P) followed a linear trend in general psychopathology. Whereas personality may represent a shared vulnerability factor, differences in clinical severity suggest there to be a continuum with BN-P being the most severe and BED being the least severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Núñez-Navarro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, PC: 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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Corsica JA, Hood MM. Eating disorders in an obesogenic environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:996-1000. [PMID: 21703376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wolfe BE, Baker CW, Smith AT, Kelly-Weeder S. Validity and utility of the current definition of binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 2009; 42:674-86. [PMID: 19610126 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge eating, a cardinal symptom of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), continues to pose challenges in terms of its definition and thus construct validity and clinical utility. This article reviews the available empirical data that support or refute the current DSM-IV-TR defined characteristics of a binge episode. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline/PubMed electronic database on DSM-IV-TR defined binge characteristics and associated attributes. RESULTS Data support the current DSM guidelines indicating that binge episodes typically occur in less than 2 h. Size of binge episodes has variability across BN and BED diagnostic groups. Loss of control (LOC) continues to be a core feature of binge eating. Negative affect is the most widely reported antecedent. Strikingly, little is known about binge episodes among individuals with anorexia nervosa-binge/purge subtype. DISCUSSION Available empirical evidence supports the current DSM duration and LOC attributes of a binge episode in BN and BED. However, a more controversial issues is the extent to which size is important in the definition of a binge episode (e.g., subjective vs. objective episodes) across diagnostic categories and the extent to which binge size informs prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Further study of binge eating attributes in AN is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Wolfe
- Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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Schienle A, Schäfer A, Hermann A, Vaitl D. Binge-eating disorder: reward sensitivity and brain activation to images of food. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:654-61. [PMID: 18996508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying neurobiological mechanisms that account for the onset and maintenance of binge-eating disorder (BED) are not sufficiently understood. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study explored the neural correlates of visually induced food reward and loathing. METHOD Sixty-seven female participants assigned to one of four groups (overweight BED patients, overweight healthy control subjects, normal-weight healthy control subjects, and normal-weight patients with bulimia nervosa) participated in the experiment. After an overnight fast, the participants' brain activation was recorded during each of the following three conditions: visual exposure to high-caloric food, to disgust-inducing pictures, and to affectively neutral pictures. After the fMRI experiment, the participants rated the affective value of the pictures. RESULTS Each of the groups experienced the food pictures as very pleasant. Relative to the neutral pictures, the visual food stimuli provoked increased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula across all participants. The BED patients reported enhanced reward sensitivity and showed stronger medial OFC responses while viewing food pictures than all other groups. The bulimic patients displayed greater arousal, ACC activation, and insula activation than the other groups. Neural responses to the disgust-inducing pictures as well as trait disgust did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides first evidence of differential brain activation to visual food stimuli in patients suffering from BED and bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schienle
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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The biology of binge eating. Appetite 2009; 52:545-553. [PMID: 19501749 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the literature on binge eating to gain a better understanding of its biological foundations and their role in eating disorders. METHOD Literature review and synthesis. RESULTS Research using animal models has revealed several factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of binge eating. These factors, including stress, food restriction, the presence of palatable foods, and environmental conditioning, parallel many of the precursory circumstances leading to binge eating in individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. DISCUSSION The animal literature has opened a new avenue to aid in the understanding of the neurobiological basis of binge eating. Future endeavors examining the genetic and environmental correlates of binge eating behavior will further contribute to the understanding of the biological foundations of binge eating and assist with establishing diagnostic criteria and the development of novel treatments for eating disorders marked by binge eating.
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Davis C, Levitan RD, Carter J, Kaplan AS, Reid C, Curtis C, Patte K, Kennedy JL. Personality and eating behaviors: a case-control study of binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:243-50. [PMID: 18095308 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Questions have been raised about the validity of binge eating disorder (BED) as psycho-pathologically distinct from other forms of overeating. Our purpose was to ascertain whether BED individuals differed in important ways from nonbinging obese adults. METHOD BED adults were recruited from the community as were weight-matched (obese) and normal-weight control (NWC) groups. All groups were equivalent for age and gender distribution, and were assessed on several personality traits and eating behaviors. RESULTS BED individuals and obese controls did not differ on the personality traits. Both were more reward sensitive, and had greater anxiousness, impulsivity, and addictive personality traits than NWC. However, BED individuals reported significantly greater hedonic eating compared with the obese, who had higher levels than NWC. CONCLUSION Our findings provided no evidence of a psychological identity unique to obese adults with BED although their eating behaviors are markedly hedonically driven-i.e., more responsive to factors external to physiological needs.
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Reduced number of taste papillae in patients with eating disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:537-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper considers whether the criteria currently used to classify the diagnosis of binge eating disorder (BED) are valid and appropriate. METHOD We review evidence that reflects on the validity of the current criteria for binge eating episodes and BED, using literature retrieved through major psychology and psychiatry search engines (e.g., PsycInfo, PubMed). RESULTS Evidence from experimental research points to the relative importance of episode frequency, the amount of food consumed at episodes, the subjective sense of loss of control over eating, and several additional criteria associated with binge episodes in BED. Evidence on the differences in psychopathology between BED and bulimia nervosa and between BED and obesity without binge eating, as related to diagnostic criteria, is reviewed. CONCLUSION Although evidence concerning the diagnostic criteria of BED is mixed, broadening certain diagnostic criteria for binge eating episodes and BED might more accurately reflect the research literature and increase the number of individuals eligible for inclusion in treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B. Maintenance of binge eating through negative mood: a naturalistic comparison of binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2007; 40:521-30. [PMID: 17573697 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine negative mood as a proximal antecedent and reinforcing condition of binge eating in binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). METHOD Using an ecological momentary assessment design, 20 women with BED, 20 women with BN, and 20 nonclinical control women were recruited from the community, provided with a portable minicomputer, and asked to rate their mood and list their thoughts at randomly-generated beep sounds and before, during, and after episodes of eating. RESULTS In both eating disorder groups mood before binge eating was more negative than before regular eating and at random assessment. Binge eating was followed by a deterioration of mood. The BED group revealed less antecedent negative mood than the BN group and less concomitant negative cognitions about food/eating and stress. CONCLUSION Affect regulation difficulties likely lead to binge eating in both disorders, but binge eating may not be effective for regulating overall mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, Marburg, Germany.
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Hilbert A, Tuschen–Caffier B. Body–Related Cognitions in Binge–Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.4.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Latner JD, Wilson GT. Binge eating and satiety in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: effects of macronutrient intake. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 36:402-15. [PMID: 15558650 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study tested the hypothesis that supplemental dietary protein would reduce binge eating frequency and test meal intake in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD Eighteen women with BN or BED ingested high-carbohydrate or high-protein supplements (280 kcal) three times daily over two 2-week periods. On the morning after each period, participants were given a high-protein or high-carbohydrate supplement (420 kcal) 3 hr before an ad libitum meal. RESULTS Binge eating episodes occurred less frequently during protein supplementation (1.12 episodes per week) than during carbohydrate supplementation (2.94 episodes per week) or baseline (3.01 episodes per week). Participants reported less hunger and greater fullness, and consumed less food at test meals, after protein than after carbohydrate (673 vs. 856 kcal). DISCUSSION Adding protein to the diets of women with BN and BED reduced food intake and binge eating over a 2-week period. These findings may have implications for the longer-term treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Williamson DA, White MA, York-Crowe E, Stewart TM. Cognitive-behavioral theories of eating disorders. Behav Modif 2004; 28:711-38. [PMID: 15383683 DOI: 10.1177/0145445503259853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an integrated cognitive-behavioral theory of eating disorders that is based on hypotheses developed over the past 30 years. The theory is evaluated using a selected review of the eating disorder literature pertaining to cognitive biases, negative emotional reactions, binge eating, compensatory behaviors, and risk factors for eating disorders. In general, hypotheses derived from cognitive-behavioral theories have been supported by a variety of research studies. The implications of these findings for treatment and prevention of eating disorders are discussed. This review of the literature serves as a conceptual base for some of the other articles that are included in this special issue of Behavior Modification. The article concludes with an introduction to six articles that discuss issues related to psychiatric classification, assessment, treatment, and prevention of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Williamson
- Louisiana State University, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Binford RB, Pederson Mussell M, Peterson CB, Crow SJ, Mitchell JE. Relation of binge eating age of onset to functional aspects of binge eating in binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 35:286-92. [PMID: 15048944 DOI: 10.1002/eat.10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether age of binge eating onset in binge eating disorder (BED) is related to affective binge eating antecedents and consequences. METHOD Participants included women (N = 44) with BED who participated in a group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) study. Measures included the Eating Hedonics Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Negative Emotionality factor, Restraint Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Restraint factor, and Eating Behaviors-IV. Participants were classified according to reported age of binge eating onset, with early onset defined as </=13 years (EOB; n = 25) and later onset >13 years (LOB; n = 19). RESULTS Compared with LOB, EOB was associated with reductions in postbinge subjective anxiety, but not depression. DISCUSSION This study suggested that EOB in BED may be associated with binge eating as an affective means of coping, particularly with anxiety, and further supported age of binge eating onset as a clinically meaningful way to delineate BED subclassifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn B Binford
- Eating Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Dohm FA, Striegel-Moore RH, Wilfley DE, Pike KM, Hook J, Fairburn CG. Self-harm and substance use in a community sample of Black and White women with binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2002; 32:389-400. [PMID: 12386904 DOI: 10.1002/eat.10104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated rates of self-harm and substance use in women with either bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED) and assessed whether differences in self-harm and substance use are related to sexual or physical abuse. METHOD Alcohol abuse, self-harm, and use or abuse of various illicit drugs were evaluated in a sample of 53 women with BN and 162 women with BED. RESULTS Self-harm and substance use generally did not differentiate BED and BN cases, but rates of self-harm and substance use were elevated among women with a history of sexual or physical abuse relative to women without such a history. DISCUSSION Elevated rates of self-harm and substance use may not be related uniquely to BN diagnostic status, but may be related to a characteristic shared by women with BN and BED, such as a history of sexual or physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith-Anne Dohm
- Graduate School of Education and Allied Professions, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
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Dingemans AE, Bruna MJ, van Furth EF. Binge eating disorder: a review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2002; 26:299-307. [PMID: 11896484 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2000] [Revised: 03/14/2001] [Accepted: 11/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a new proposed eating disorder in the DSM-IV. BED is not a formal diagnosis within the DSM-IV, but in day-to-day clinical practice the diagnosis seems to be generally accepted. People with the BED-syndrome have binge eating episodes as do subjects with bulimia nervosa, but unlike the latter they do not engage in compensatory behaviours. Although the diagnosis BED was created with the obese in mind, obesity is not a criterion. This paper gives an overview of its epidemiology, characteristics, aetiology, criteria, course and treatment. BED seems to be highly prevalent among subjects seeking weight loss treatment (1.3-30.1%). Studies with compared BED, BN and obesity indicated that individuals with BED exhibit levels of psychopathology that fall somewhere between the high levels reported by individuals with BN and the low levels reported by obese individuals. Characteristics of BED seemed to bear a closer resemblance to those of BN than of those of obesity.A review of RCT's showed that presently cognitive behavioural treatment is the treatment of choice but interpersonal psychotherapy, self-help and SSRI's seem effective. The first aim of treatment should be the cessation of binge eating. Treatment of weight loss may be offered to those who are able to abstain from binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dingemans
- Robert-Fleury Stichting, National Centre for Eating Disorders, Leidschendam, The Netherlands.
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Grange DL, Gorin A, Catley D, Stone AA. Does momentary assessment detect binge eating in overweight women that is denied at interview? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lynch WC, Everingham A, Dubitzky J, Hartman M, Kasser T. Does binge eating play a role in the self-regulation of moods? INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE PAVLOVIAN SOCIETY 2000; 35:298-313. [PMID: 11330493 DOI: 10.1007/bf02688792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported emotional experiences and eating behaviors were studied in college students in an attempt to determine what types of emotional experiences precede and follow binge eating and how specific types of compensatory behaviors modify these experiences. First-year male and female students (N=390) were surveyed for depression, anxiety, health status, life satisfaction, and eating attitudes (EAT-26). Those reporting recurrent binge eating episodes were asked to describe their emotional feelings before and after bingeing and before and after compensatory activities. EAT-26 scores corresponding to scores previously reported for eating disordered patients were found in 9.7% of students. Binge eating was nearly twice as frequent among females (16.4%) as males (8.6%). Among females, positive relationships were found between specific EAT-26 factors scores and both anxiety and depression scores. The emotional antecedents and consequences of binge eating and of compensatory activities were compared in three sub-groups of individuals who reported recurrent bingeing with loss of self-control during binges. The three sub-groups consisted of individuals who reported, 1) bingeing without engaging in compensatory activities, 2) bingeing and compensating by means other than vomiting (fasting, exercising, or use of laxatives or diuretics), and 3) bingeing and compensating by vomiting. Regardless of the type of activity, those individuals who engaged in compensatory activities reported greater negative affect preceding binge episodes than those who did not compensate. In addition, contrary to expectations, negative affect did not decrease, but instead increased significantly, following binge episodes and decreased immediately before and after compensatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lynch
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA.
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Latner JD, Wilson GT. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and nutritional counseling in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating. Eat Behav 2000; 1:3-21. [PMID: 15001063 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-0153(00)00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goals of manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and nutritional counseling for eating disorders are similar, namely, eliminating dysfunctional patterns of eating. Modifying these behaviors requires specific therapeutic expertise in the principles and procedures of behavior change that is not typically part of the training of nutritionists and dieticians or mental health professionals without specific expertise. We discuss ways in which principles of behavior change can be applied to eating disorders by non-CBT experts. Specific nutritional rehabilitation programs have the potential to augment CBT in addressing the array of appetitive abnormalities present in eating disorder patients. The dysfunctional appetitive, hedonic, and metabolic characteristics of patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder are reviewed. These abnormalities constitute potential target areas that might be more fully addressed by nutritional interventions designed to restore normal appetitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Latner
- Graduate School of Applied Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8085, USA
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