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Hviid KVR, Bliddal S, El Issaoui M, Krog MC, Kolte AM, Nielsen HS. Smoking and recurrent pregnancy loss: A cohort study of 2829 women. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 164:104257. [PMID: 38788348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with negative reproductive outcome. Less is known about the impact of smoking or previous smoking in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) which this study aimed to investigate. We included all women <42 years (n=2829) referred to a RPL unit at Copenhagen University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2021 in the cohort with follow-up until June 2022. Patients were categorized as 'smokers at time of referral', 'never-smokers' or 'former smokers'. The main outcomes were pregnancy history prior to referral, prospective pregnancy rate, live birth rate, rates of ectopic pregnancy, and stillbirth. At referral, smokers (n=373) were on average 2.0 years younger (P<0.001) and had experienced significantly more pregnancy losses (P<0.001), and stillbirths (P=0.01) compared to never-smokers (n=2100). Former smokers had a higher risk of stillbirth prior to referral compared to never-smokers but no differences in pregnancy rate or other outcomes. Prospective pregnancy rates were lower for smokers compared with never-smokers (71.8% vs. 77.5%, P=0.02). Live birth rate was 58.0% for the 243 women who smoked at referral compared to 61.4% for the 1488 never-smokers (P=0.32). Stillbirth and ectopic pregnancies were significantly more common for smokers (2.8% vs. 0.4%, P=0.01; 6.0% vs. 2.0%, P<0.008). Women with RPL who smoked at referral were referred younger with a higher number of previous pregnancy losses and stillbirths compared with never-smokers. Fewer smokers achieved a pregnancy after referral but those who did had a similar live birth rate compared to never-smokers, although stillbirths and ectopic pregnancies were more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Vauvert R Hviid
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet Dept. Fertility & Hvidovre Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark; Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark.
| | - Sofie Bliddal
- Dept. of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Meryam El Issaoui
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet Dept. Fertility & Hvidovre Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark
| | - Maria Christine Krog
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet Dept. Fertility & Hvidovre Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Astrid Marie Kolte
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet Dept. Fertility & Hvidovre Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark; Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet Dept. Fertility & Hvidovre Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark; Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre DK-2650, Denmark; Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
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Xie X, Su L, Li Y, Shen Q, Wang M, Wu X. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) analysis for fetuses with abnormal nasal bone. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2475-2482. [PMID: 37430178 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities found on single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) in pregnancies with either an absent or hypoplastic nasal bone. METHODS This retrospective study included 333 fetuses with either nasal bone hypoplasia or absence identified on prenatal ultrasound. SNP array analysis and conventional karyotyping were performed in all the subjects. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was adjusted for maternal age and other ultrasound findings. Fetuses with either an isolated nasal bone absence or hypoplasia, those that had additional soft ultrasound markers, and those where structural defects were found on ultrasound were divided into three groups: A, B, and C, respectively. RESULTS Among the total cohort of 333 fetuses, 76 (22.8%) had chromosomal abnormalities, including 47 cases of trisomy 21, 4 cases of trisomy 18, 5 cases of sex chromosome aneuploidy, and 20 cases of copy number variations of which 12 were pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in group A (n = 164), B (n = 79), and C (n = 90) was 8.5%, 29.1% and 43.3%, respectively. The incremental yields by SNP-array compared with karyotyping in group A, B, and C were 3.0%, 2.5% and 10.7%, respectively (p > 0.05). Compared to karyotype analysis, SNP array detected an additional 2 (1.2%), 1 (1.3%), and 5 (5.6%) pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs in groups A, B, and C, respectively. In the 333 fetuses, the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in women with advanced maternal age (AMA) was significantly higher than that in non-AMA women, (47.8% vs. 16.5%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In addition to Down's syndrome, many other chromosomal abnormalities are present in fetuses with abnormal nasal bone. SNP array can improve the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities associated with nasal bone abnormalities, especially in pregnancies with non-isolated nasal bone abnormalities and advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xie
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Linjuan Su
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qingmei Shen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Meiying Wang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Elmerdahl Frederiksen L, Ølgaard SM, Roos L, Petersen OB, Rode L, Hartwig T, Ekelund CK, Vogel I. Maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidy: A nationwide cohort study of more than 500 000 singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 2008 to 2017. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:351-359. [PMID: 37986093 PMCID: PMC10823394 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this register-based study of pregnancies in Denmark, we assessed the associations between maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidies (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy, monosomy X and other sex chromosome aberrations). Additionally, we aimed to disentangle the maternal age-related effect on fetal aneuploidies by cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed a nationwide cohort of 542 375 singleton-pregnant women attending first trimester screening in Denmark between 2008 and 2017 until delivery, miscarriage or termination of pregnancy. We used six maternal age categories and retrieved information on genetically confirmed aneuploidies of the fetus and infant from the national cytogenetic register. RESULTS We confirmed the known associations between advanced maternal age and higher risk of trisomy 21, 18, 13 and other sex chromosome aberrations, especially in women aged ≥35 years, whereas we found no age-related associations with triploidy or monosomy X. Cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms did not influence the overall reported association between maternal age and aneuploidies. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the accurate risk of fetal aneuploidies that pregnant women of advanced ages encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofie Møller Ølgaard
- Center For Fetal Diagnostics, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Laura Roos
- Department of Clinical GeneticsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Olav Bjørn Petersen
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of ObstetricsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Line Rode
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of ObstetricsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tanja Hartwig
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCopenhagen University Hospital HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Charlotte Kvist Ekelund
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of ObstetricsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Ida Vogel
- Center For Fetal Diagnostics, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
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Naglot S, Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Yadav S. Male Contributory Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2107-2121. [PMID: 36792841 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
With 40% of idiopathic cases, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a problem of great concern for patients and clinicians. In addition to financial burden, it causes a lot of frustration and anxiety in affected couples. The primary objective of this review was to gain knowledge of recent advances in the field of recurrent pregnancy losses and to understand the role of male contributory factors in idiopathic cases. For a long time, researchers and clinicians were seeking an explanation for idiopathic RPL (iRPL) in females only; however, with recent advances in reproductive biology, the role of spermatozoa in early embryonic development has caught the attention of researchers. Clinically, only routine semen parameters and karyotyping are investigated in iRPL male partners, which seem to be insufficient in the present scenario, and thus, more information at the molecular level is required for a comprehensive understanding of iRPL. In concluding remarks, we suggest targeted multi-omics investigations in a large cohort to improve our understanding of the role of male contributory factors in iRPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarla Naglot
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ayushi Thapliyal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tomar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Proportion of Chromosomal Disorders and Their Patterns among Births with Congenital Anomalies in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:6477596. [PMID: 36561944 PMCID: PMC9767725 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6477596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Worldwide, surveys have shown that the frequency of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies varies greatly from country to country. It is well known that chromosomal disorders are an important cause of premature death or life-long disability; however, the absence of local epidemiological data on their birth prevalence and outcomes impedes policy and service development in many countries and continents. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis intend to show the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa. Methods From PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the studies that examined the incidence, prevalence, and types of chromosomal disorders using PRISMA guidelines. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies. Results From the total of 3,569 studies identified, 1,442 were from PubMed, 108 were from Cochrane Library, 1,830 were from Google Scholar, and 189 were from other sources. After duplication was removed, a total of 844 articles remained (2725 were removed by duplication). Finally, 144 full-text studies were reviewed and 60 articles with 52,569 births having congenital anomalies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies was 8.94% (95% CI; 7.02, 10.86; I 2 = 98.8%; p < 0.001). Conclusions and Future Implications. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa was small. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) accounted for more than 80% of chromosomal disorders. The pooled proportion of chromosome disorders was the highest in North African regions and countries compared to other regions of the continent. Healthcare managers should focus on establishing proper cytogenetic diagnostic facilities in collaboration with well-trained genetic counseling services in the continent.
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Popescu-Hobeanu G, Riza AL, Streață I, Tudorache Ș, Comănescu A, Tănase F, Drăgușin RC, Pascu C, Dijmărescu AL, Cara ML, Dorobanțu Ș, Petre-Mandache B, Cucu M, Sosoi SS, Ioana M, Iliescu D, Burada F. Cytogenetic Analysis of Sporadic First-Trimester Miscarriage Specimens Using Karyotyping and QF-PCR: A Retrospective Romanian Cohort Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122246. [PMID: 36553513 PMCID: PMC9778060 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that first-trimester miscarriages are associated with chromosome abnormalities, with numerical chromosome abnormalities being the ones most commonly detected. Conventional karyotyping is still considered the gold standard in the analysis of products of conception, despite the extended use of molecular genetic techniques. However, conventional karyotyping is a laborious and time-consuming method, with a limited resolution of 5-10 Mb and hampered by maternal cell contamination and culture failure. The aim of our study was to assess the type and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities detected by conventional karyotyping in specimens of sporadic first-trimester miscarriages in a Romanian cohort, using QF-PCR to exclude maternal cell contamination. Long-term cultures were established and standard protocols were applied for cell harvesting, slide preparation, and GTG banding. All samples with 46,XX karyotype were tested for maternal cell contamination by QF-PCR, comparing multiple microsatellite markers in maternal blood with cell culture and tissue samples. Out of the initial 311 specimens collected from patients with sporadic first-trimester miscarriages, a total of 230 samples were successfully analyzed after the exclusion of 81 specimens based on unsuitable sampling, culture failure, or QF-PCR-proven maternal cell contamination. Chromosome abnormalities were detected in 135 cases (58.7%), with the most common type being single autosomal trisomy (71/135-52.6%), followed by monosomy (monosomy X being the only one detected, 24/135-17.8%), and polyploidy (23/135-17.0%). The subgroup analysis based on maternal age showed a statistically significant higher rate of single trisomy for women aged 35 years or older (40.3%) compared to the young maternal age group (26.1%) (p = 0.029). In conclusion, the combination of conventional karyotyping and QF-PCR can lead to an increased chromosome abnormality detection rate in first-trimester miscarriages. Our study provides reliable information for the genetic counseling of patients with first-trimester miscarriages, and further large-scale studies using different genetic techniques are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Popescu-Hobeanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Streață
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (Ș.T.)
| | - Ștefania Tudorache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (Ș.T.)
| | - Alexandru Comănescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Florentina Tănase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Roxana Cristina Drăgușin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Anda Lorena Dijmărescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Municipal Hospital “Filantropia” of Craiova, 200143 Craiova, Romania
| | - Monica-Laura Cara
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ștefania Dorobanțu
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bianca Petre-Mandache
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Cucu
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Serban Sosoi
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dominic Iliescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Florin Burada
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Al Agnam AA, Alibraheem AA, Bu Zaid HT. Rare Double Aneuploidy (Down-Klinefelter Syndrome): A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e31330. [PMID: 36514585 PMCID: PMC9741132 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double aneuploidies, such as Down syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploidies, are relatively rare. One rare form of double aneuploidy, Down-Klinefelter syndrome, is described here. The phenotypic characteristics of a three-year-old child showed the presence of features typical of Down syndrome. He had a global developmental delay, small testes, and diabetes mellitus by 18 months of age. Regardless of the presenting clinical features, karyotyping should be performed in all patients with suspected Down syndrome. In Down-Klinefelter syndrome, anticipatory phenotype goes beyond the sum of individual syndromic characteristics.
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Martínez-Hernández A, Martínez-Anaya D, Durán-McKinster C, Del Castillo-Ruiz V, Navarrete-Meneses P, Córdova EJ, Villegas-Torres BE, Ruiz-Herrera A, Juárez-Velázquez R, Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Cervantes-Barragán D, Pedraza-Meléndez A, Orozco L, Pérez-Vera P, Salas-Labadía C. Pigmentary mosaicism as a recurrent clinical manifestation in three new patients with mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed postnatally: cases report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:224. [PMCID: PMC9620619 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, only twenty-one cases diagnosed postnatally with mosaic trisomy 12 have been reported. The most frequent phenotypic manifestations are developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects, digital alterations, and pigmentary disorders. In the present report, detailed clinical and genetic profiles of three unrelated new patients with mosaic trisomy 12 are described and compared with previously reported cases. Case presentation In the present report, we include the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular description of three Mexican patients diagnosed postnatally with mosaic trisomy 12. At phenotypic level, the three patients present with developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects and skin pigmentary anomalies. Particularly, patient 1 showed unique eye alterations as bilateral distichiasis, triple rows of upper lashes, and digital abnormalities. In patient 2 redundant skin, severe hearing loss, and hypotonia were observed, and patient 3 presented with hypertelorism and telecanthus. Hyperpigmentation with disseminated pigmentary anomalies is a common trait in all of them. The cytogenetic study was carried out under the strict criteria of analysis, screening 50–100 metaphases from three different tissues, showing trisomy 12 mosaicism in at least one of the three different tissues analyzed. With SNParray, the presence of low-level mosaic copy number variants not previously detected by cytogenetics, and uniparental disomy of chromosome 12, was excluded. STR markers allowed to confirm the absence of uniparental disomy as well as to know the parental origin of supernumerary chromosome 12. Conclusions The detailed clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular description of these three new patients, contributes with relevant information to delineate more accurately a group of patients that show a heterogeneous phenotype, although sharing the same chromosomal alteration. The possibility of detecting mosaic trisomy 12 is directly associated with the sensitivity of the methodology applied to reveal the low-level chromosomal mosaicism, as well as with the possibility to perform the analysis in a suitable tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martínez-Hernández
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - D. Martínez-Anaya
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - C. Durán-McKinster
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - V. Del Castillo-Ruiz
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - P. Navarrete-Meneses
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - E. J. Córdova
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Consorcio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - B. E. Villegas-Torres
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - A. Ruiz-Herrera
- grid.414465.6Hospital de Especialidades Pediátrico de León, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - R. Juárez-Velázquez
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - E. Yokoyama-Rebollar
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - D. Cervantes-Barragán
- grid.502779.e0000 0004 0633 6373Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad, PEMEX, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - A. Pedraza-Meléndez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - L. Orozco
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - P. Pérez-Vera
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - C. Salas-Labadía
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
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Xie P, Hu X, Kong L, Mao Y, Cheng D, Kang K, Dai J, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Lu N, Wan Z, Du R, Xiong B, Zhang J, Tan Y, Lu G, Gong F, Lin G, Liang B, Du J, Hu L. A novel multifunctional haplotyping-based preimplantation genetic testing for different genetic conditions. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2546-2559. [PMID: 36066440 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an efficient and cost-effective detection platform for different genetic conditions about embryos? SUMMARY ANSWER A multifunctional haplotyping-based preimplantation genetic testing platform was provided for detecting different genetic conditions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Genetic disease and chromosomal rearrangement have been known to significantly impact fertility and development. Therefore, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), monogenic disorders (PGT-M) and structural rearrangements (PGT-SR), a part of ART, has been presented together to minimize the fetal genetic risk and increase pregnancy rate. For patients or their families who are suffering from chromosome abnormality, monogenic disease, unexplained repeated spontaneous abortion or implantation failure, after accepting genetic counseling, they may be suggested to accept detection from more than one PGT platforms about the embryos to avoid some genetic diseases. However, PGT platforms work through different workflows. The high costliness, lack of material and long-time operation of combined PGT platforms limit their application. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION All 188 embryonic samples from 43 families were tested with HaploPGT platform, and most of their genetic abnormalities had been determined by different conventional PGT methods beforehand. Among them, there were 12 families only carrying structural rearrangements (115 embryos) in which 9 families accepted implantation and 5 families had normal labor ART outcomes, 7 families only carrying monogenic diseases (26 embryos) and 3 families carrying both structural rearrangements and monogenic diseases (26 embryos). Twelve monopronucleated zygotes (1PN) samples and 9 suspected triploid samples were collected from 21 families. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Here, we raised a comprehensive PGT method called HaploPGT, combining reduced representation genome sequencing, read-count analysis, B allele frequency and haplotyping analysis, to simultaneously detect different genetic disorders in one single test. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE With 80 million reads (80M) genomic data, the proportion of windows (1 million base pairs (Mb)) containing two or more informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites was 97.81%, meanwhile the genotyping error rate stabilized at a low level (2.19%). Furthermore, the informative SNPs were equally distributed across the genome, and whole-genomic haplotyping was established. Therefore, 80M was chosen to balance the cost and accuracy in HaploPGT. HaploPGT was able to identify abnormal embryos with triploid, global and partial loss of heterozygosity, and even to distinguish parental origin of copy number variation in mosaic and non-mosaic embryos. Besides, by retrospectively analyzing 188 embryonic samples from 43 families, HaploPGT revealed 100% concordance with the available results obtained from reference methods, including PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR and PGT-HLA. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION Despite the numerous benefits HaploPGT could bring, it still required additional family members to deduce the parental haplotype for identifying balanced translocation and monogenic mutation in tested embryos. In terms of PGT-SR, the additional family member could be a reference embryo with unbalanced translocation. For PGT-M, a proband was normally required. In both cases, genomic information from grandparents or parental siblings might help for haplotyping theoretically. Another restriction was that haploid, and diploid resulting from the duplication of a haploid, could not be told apart by HaploPGT, but it was able to recognize partial loss of heterozygosity in the embryonic genome. In addition, it should be noted that the location of rearrangement breakpoints and the situation of mutation sites were complicated, which meant that partial genetic disorders might not be completely detected. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS HaploPGT is an efficient and cost-effective detection platform with high clinical value for detecting genetic status. This platform could promote the application of PGT in ART, to increase pregnancy rate and decrease the birth of children with genetic diseases. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873478, to L.H.), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1003100, to L.H.), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant 2022JJ30414, to P.X.), Hunan Provincial Grant for Innovative Province Construction (2019SK4012) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust & Investment Corporation (CITIC)-Xiangya (YNXM-201910). Haplotyping analysis has been licensed to Basecare Co., Ltd. L.K., Y.M., K.K., D.Z., N.L., J.Z. and R.D. are Basecare Co., Ltd employees. The other authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Xie
- Genetic Department, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Yan Mao
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Dehua Cheng
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Naru Lu
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Wan
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Renqian Du
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Genetic Department, National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.,Genetic Department, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and carcinogenesis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Omolaoye TS, El Shahawy O, Skosana BT, Boillat T, Loney T, du Plessis SS. The mutagenic effect of tobacco smoke on male fertility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62055-62066. [PMID: 34536221 PMCID: PMC9464177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the association between tobacco use and the harmful effects on general health as well as male fertility parameters, smoking remains globally prevalent. The main content of tobacco smoke is nicotine and its metabolite cotinine. These compounds can pass the blood-testis barrier, which subsequently causes harm of diverse degree to the germ cells. Although controversial, smoking has been shown to cause not only a decrease in sperm motility, sperm concentration, and an increase in abnormal sperm morphology, but also genetic and epigenetic aberrations in spermatozoa. Both animal and human studies have highlighted the occurrence of sperm DNA-strand breaks (fragmentation), genome instability, genetic mutations, and the presence of aneuploids in the germline of animals and men exposed to tobacco smoke. The question to be asked at this point is, if smoking has the potential to cause all these genetic aberrations, what is the extent of damage? Hence, this review aimed to provide evidence that smoking has a mutagenic effect on sperm and how this subsequently affects male fertility. Additionally, the role of tobacco smoke as an aneugen will be explored. We furthermore aim to incorporate the epidemiological aspects of the aforementioned and provide a holistic approach to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S Omolaoye
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bongekile T Skosana
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Boillat
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan S du Plessis
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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11
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Shi F, Xu Y, Zhang S, Fu Z, Yu Q, Zhang S, Sun M, Zhao X, Feng X. Decabromodiphenyl ethane affects embryonic development by interfering with nuclear F-actin in zygotes and leads to cognitive and social disorders in offspring mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22445. [PMID: 35816173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200586r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a novel retardant. DBDPE is used in various flammable consumer products such as electronics, building materials, textiles, and children's toys. The presence of DBDPE in humans makes it extremely urgent to assess the health effects of DBDPE exposure. Here, we used female mice as an animal model to investigate the effects of DBDPE on embryonic development and offspring health. The results showed that 50 μg/kg bw/day of DBDPE exposure did not affect spindle rotation in oocytes after fertilization, but led to a decrease of pronuclei (PN) in zygotes. Further investigation found that DBDPE interferes with the self-assembly of F-actin in PN, resulting in PN reduction, DNA damage, and reduced expression of zygotic genome activating genes, and finally leading to abnormal embryonic development. More importantly, we found that maternal DBDPE exposure did not affect the growth and development of the first generation of offspring (F1) mice, but resulted in behavioral defects in F1 mice. Female F1 mice from DBDPE-exposed mothers exhibited increased motor activity and deficits in social behavior. Both female and male F1 mice from DBDPE-exposed mothers exhibited cognitive memory impairment. These results suggest that DBDPE has developmental toxicity on embryos and has a cross-generational interference effect. It is suggested that people should pay attention to the reproductive toxicity of DBDPE. In addition, it also provides a reference for studying the origin of neurological diseases and indicates that adult diseases caused by environmental pollutants may have begun in the embryonic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shi
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Fu
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Abstract
Many human embryos die in utero owing to an excess or deficit of chromosomes, a phenomenon known as aneuploidy; this is largely a consequence of nondisjunction during maternal meiosis I. Asymmetries of this division render it vulnerable to selfish centromeres that promote their own transmission, these being thought to somehow underpin aneuploidy. In this essay, I suggest that these vulnerabilities provide only half the solution to the enigma. In mammals, as in utero and postnatal provisioning is continuous, the costs of early death are mitigated. With such reproductive compensation, selection can favour a centromere because it induces lethal aneuploidy: if, when taken towards the polar body, it instead kills the embryo via aneuploidy, it gains. The model is consistent with the observation that reduced dosage of a murine drive suppressor induces aneuploidy and with the fact that high aneuploidy rates in vertebrates are seen exclusively in mammals. I propose further tests of this idea. The wastefulness of human reproduction may be a price we pay for nurturing our offspring. Why do so many human embryos have the wrong number of chromosomes? So-called ’selfish centromeres’ and the fact that new embryos can be produced may provide an answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D. Hurst
- Wissenshaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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Trujillo N, Martínez-Pacheco M, Soldatini C, Ancona S, Young RC, Albores-Barajas YV, Orta AH, Rodríguez C, Székely T, Drummond H, Urrutia AO, Cortez D. Lack of age-related mosaic loss of W chromosome in long-lived birds. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210553. [PMID: 35193370 PMCID: PMC8864339 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Females and males often exhibit different survival in nature, and it has been hypothesized that sex chromosomes may play a role in driving differential survival rates. For instance, the Y chromosome in mammals and the W chromosome in birds are often degenerated, with reduced numbers of genes, and loss of the Y chromosome in old men is associated with shorter life expectancy. However, mosaic loss of sex chromosomes has not been investigated in any non-human species. Here, we tested whether mosaic loss of the W chromosome (LOW) occurs with ageing in wild birds as a natural consequence of cellular senescence. Using loci-specific PCR and a target sequencing approach we estimated LOW in both young and adult individuals of two long-lived bird species and showed that the copy number of W chromosomes remains constant across age groups. Our results suggest that LOW is not a consequence of cellular ageing in birds. We concluded that the inheritance of the W chromosome in birds, unlike the Y chromosome in mammals, is more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Trujillo
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Mónica Martínez-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, CP76010, Querétaro, México
| | - Cecilia Soldatini
- Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada - Unidad La Paz, Calle Miraflores 334, CP23050, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Sergio Ancona
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rebecca C Young
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yuri V Albores-Barajas
- CONACYT. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor. Alcaldía Benito Juárez, CP03940, Ciudad de México, México.,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur., Km. 5.5 Carr. 1. La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Alberto H Orta
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tamas Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Hugh Drummond
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México.,Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Diego Cortez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México
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14
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Abstract
Over the past decade, genomic analyses of single cells-the fundamental units of life-have become possible. Single-cell DNA sequencing has shed light on biological questions that were previously inaccessible across diverse fields of research, including somatic mutagenesis, organismal development, genome function, and microbiology. Single-cell DNA sequencing also promises significant future biomedical and clinical impact, spanning oncology, fertility, and beyond. While single-cell approaches that profile RNA and protein have greatly expanded our understanding of cellular diversity, many fundamental questions in biology and important biomedical applications require analysis of the DNA of single cells. Here, we review the applications and biological questions for which single-cell DNA sequencing is uniquely suited or required. We include a discussion of the fields that will be impacted by single-cell DNA sequencing as the technology continues to advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad D Evrony
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Anjali Gupta Hinch
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom;
| | - Chongyuan Luo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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15
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Telomere Shortening and Fusions: A Link to Aneuploidy in Early Human Embryo Development. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2021; 76:429-436. [PMID: 34324695 DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Importance It is known that oocytes undergo aging that is caused by exposure to an aged ovarian microenvironment. Telomere length in mouse and bovine oocytes declines with age, and age-associated telomere shortening in oocytes is considered a sign of poor development competency. Women with advanced age undergoing assisted reproductive technologies have poor outcomes because of increasing aneuploidy rates with age. Research has shown that aneuploidy is associated with DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and telomere dysfunction. Objective In this review, we focus on the possible relationship between telomere dysfunction and aneuploidy in human early embryo development and several reproductive and perinatal outcomes, discussing the mechanism of aneuploidy caused by telomere shortening and fusion in human embryos. Evidence Acquisition We reviewed the current literature evidence concerning telomere dysfunction and aneuploidy in early human embryo development. Results Shorter telomeres in oocytes, leukocytes, and granulosa cells, related to aging in women, were associated with recurrent miscarriage, trisomy 21, ovarian insufficiency, and decreasing chance of in vitro fertilization success. Telomere length and telomerase activity in embryos have been related to the common genomic instability at the cleavage stage of human development. Complications of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies, such as miscarriage, birth defects, preterm births, and intrauterine growth restriction, also might result from telomere shortening as observed in oocytes, polar body, granulosa cells, and embryos. Conclusions and Relevance Telomere length clearly plays an important role in the development of the embryo and fetus, and the abnormal shortening of telomeres is likely involved in embryo loss during early human development. However, telomere fusion studies have yet to be performed in early human development.
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16
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Chmel M, Bartoš O, Beran O, Pajer P, Dresler J, Čurdová M, Holub M. Salmonella Paratyphi Infection: Use of Nanopore Sequencing as a Vivid Alternative for the Identification of Invading Bacteria. Prague Med Rep 2021; 122:96-105. [PMID: 34137685 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our study we present an overview of the use of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing technology on the background of Enteric fever. Unlike traditional methods (e.g., qPCR, serological tests), the nanopore sequencing technology enables virtually real-time data generation and highly accurate pathogen identification and characterization. Blood cultures were obtained from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a high fever, headache and diarrhea. Nevertheless, both the initial serological tests and stool culture appeared to be negative. Therefore, the bacterial isolate from blood culture was used for nanopore sequencing (ONT). This technique in combination with subsequent bioinformatic analyses allowed for prompt identification of the disease-causative agent as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A. The National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella (NIPH) independently reported this isolate also as serovar Paratyphi A on the basis of results of biochemical and agglutination tests. Therefore, our results are in concordance with certified standards. Furthermore, the data enabled us to assess some basic questions concerning the comparative genomics, i.e., to describe whether the isolated strain differs from the formerly published ones or not. Quite surprisingly, these results indicate that we have detected a novel and so far, unknown variety of this bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chmel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Oldřich Bartoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Beran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dresler
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Čurdová
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holub
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Benn P, Cuckle H, Pergament E. The origins of aneuploidy research consortium. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:642-646. [PMID: 33720446 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of high levels of aneuploidy in oocytes and early embryos and their fate is of considerable scientific and clinical importance. The Origins of Aneuploidy Research Consortium (OARC) was established to promote interdisciplinary communication and collaborative research into this topic. Under the umbrella of OARC, a series of papers has now been published in this Special Issue of Prenatal Diagnosis. Recent studies have transformed the view that aneuploidy is usually attributable to meiotic non-disjunction. The molecular basis for the association between meiotic error and maternal age is becoming understood. The clinical significance of mitotic instability in the earliest cells divisions of the embryo is also becoming clearer. An error in the segregation of one or more whole chromosomes from a parent does not invariably result in a non-viable pregnancy or an abnormal outcome. Epidemiologic data allows an assessment of in utero viability, the effect of maternal age, and secondary factors that may affect aneuploidy prevalence. We advocate careful use of nomenclature and revision of educational materials to more accurately explain the complex and often nuanced mechanisms. OARC plans to hold additional workshops, promote additional publications and offer educational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Benn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Howard Cuckle
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Jilderda LJ, Zhou L, Foijer F. Understanding How Genetic Mutations Collaborate with Genomic Instability in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:342. [PMID: 33562057 PMCID: PMC7914657 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is the process of mis-segregation for ongoing chromosomes, which leads to cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes, also known as an aneuploid state. Induced aneuploidy is detrimental during development and in primary cells but aneuploidy is also a hallmark of cancer cells. It is therefore believed that premalignant cells need to overcome aneuploidy-imposed stresses to become tumorigenic. Over the past decade, some aneuploidy-tolerating pathways have been identified through small-scale screens, which suggest that aneuploidy tolerance pathways can potentially be therapeutically exploited. However, to better understand the processes that lead to aneuploidy tolerance in cancer cells, large-scale and unbiased genetic screens are needed, both in euploid and aneuploid cancer models. In this review, we describe some of the currently known aneuploidy-tolerating hits, how large-scale genome-wide screens can broaden our knowledge on aneuploidy specific cancer driver genes, and how we can exploit the outcomes of these screens to improve future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.J.J.); (L.Z.)
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Meng F, Goldsammler M, Wantman E, Buyuk E, Jindal SK. Live birth rate from euploid blastocysts is not associated with infertility etiology or oocyte source following frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET): analysis of 4148 cycles reported to SART CORS. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:185-192. [PMID: 33155088 PMCID: PMC7822968 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether live birth rates from euploid blastocyst frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles are associated with infertility diagnosis or oocyte source. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of FET cycles reported to SART CORS in 2014. METHODS Data from fresh IVF cycles with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), linked to the first FET cycles, were collected from the 2014 SART CORS database for autologous and donor oocyte cycles. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing FET with euploid embryos (n = 4148). Demographic data including age, BMI, prior fertility, and etiology of infertility were collected from the retrieval cycle and analyzed. Patients with uterine anomalies, preimplantation genetic testing-mutation (PGT-M) for genetic diseases, gender selection, HLA determination, or systemic and immunologic disorders were excluded. The primary outcome measure was live birth (LB) rate. Potential confounders such as age, prior fertility, and maximum baseline FSH values were analyzed with regression models as indicated. RESULTS Though age, maximum baseline FSH, and infertility diagnosis were significantly different, LB was similar between patients undergoing autologous or donor oocyte FET cycles. Etiology of infertility was not significantly associated with LB in autologous cycles (p = 0.95). Potential confounders such as maternal age, prior fertility, and maximum baseline FSH were not associated with outcomes; however, maternal BMI was inversely related to LB in autologous cycles, with an odds ratio of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98 (rho = - 0.08, p < 0.01)). CONCLUSIONS After controlling for confounding variables, a euploid embryo derived from a donor or autologous oocyte results in similar LB in women with different infertility diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meng
- OC Fertility Center, Newport Beach, CA, 92604, USA
| | - M Goldsammler
- Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, 141 S. Central Ave, Hartsdale, NY, 10530, USA.
| | - E Wantman
- Redshift Technologies, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Buyuk
- Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S K Jindal
- Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, 141 S. Central Ave, Hartsdale, NY, 10530, USA
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Prenatal Detection of Uniparental Disomies (UPD): Intended and Incidental Finding in the Era of Next Generation Genomics. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121454. [PMID: 33287348 PMCID: PMC7761756 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal detection of uniparental disomy (UPD) is a methodological challenge, and a positive testing result requires comprehensive considerations on the clinical consequences as well as ethical issues. Whereas prenatal testing for UPD in families which are prone to UPD formation (e.g., in case of chromosomal variants, imprinting disorders) is often embedded in genetic counselling, the incidental identification of UPD is often more difficult to manage. With the increasing application of high-resolution test systems enabling the identification of UPD, an increase in pregnancies with incidental detection of UPD can be expected. This paper will cover the current knowledge on uniparental disomies, their clinical consequences with focus on prenatal testing, genetic aspects and predispositions, genetic counselling, as well as methods (conventional tests and high-throughput assays).
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Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing number of patients undergoing fertility treatments and the expanded use of genetic testing in this context, there has been limited focus in the literature on the involvement of genetics professionals in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) setting. Here we discuss the importance of genetic counseling within reproductive medicine. We review how genetic testing of embryos is performed, the process of gamete donation, the challenges associated with genetic testing, and the complexities of genetic test result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Lilienthal
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Michelle Cahr
- California Cryobank Life Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA
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Sperm chromosome abnormalities in patients with normal karyotype and in translocation carriers: clinical relevance for assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:1055-1069. [PMID: 33032906 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the proportion of chromosomally abnormal spermatozoa in men with a history of reproductive failure, including patients with normal karyotype and carriers of translocations? Should this analysis be included in a clinical setting to define the best treatment options for infertile couples? DESIGN Aneuploidy for chromosomes XY, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22 was tested by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 1665 samples from couples with normal karyotype having had at least three previous IVF failures, miscarriages, or both (group-A). A FISH test was also carried out in 76 samples from carriers of translocations (group B) to detect the proportion of spermatozoa with unbalanced rearrangement. RESULTS In group A, the lowest incidence of aneuploid sperm cells was found in men with normozoospermia (1.3%, range 0.09-6.31%) compared with men with moderate oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (2.1%, range 0.41-16.6%, P < 0.001), severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (4.7%, range 0.53-30.77, P < 0.001), microepididymal sperm aspiration (3.1%, range 1.19-24.24, P < 0.001) and testicular sperm extraction samples (5.8%, range 1.54-33.3, P < 0.001). In group B, the proportion of spermatozoa with unbalanced rearrangement was significantly higher in reciprocal (63%, range 10.0-87.6%) than in Robertsonian translocations (16%, range 4.3-51.0%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with poor prognosis of term pregnancy tend to generate high proportions of chromosomally abnormal spermatozoa, especially in severe male factor cases. Corresponding frequencies occur at wide ranges; therefore, the FISH test is needed to assess the proportion of spermatozoa with altered chromosome condition. A flowchart, which included the FISH test, was designed to assist clinicians guide couples with poor prognosis of pregnancy, on the most indicated treatment options.
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23
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Hoyas PC, Tárrega ER, Vázquez Rodríguez S, Quiroga de la Cruz R, Diago Almela V, Perales Marín A. Monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 4: a case report and a literature review. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:147-149. [PMID: 32657184 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1650013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Calvo Hoyas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez Tárrega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sheila Vázquez Rodríguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramiro Quiroga de la Cruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Diago Almela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Perales Marín
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Importance Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has undergone many technical developments over recent years, including changes in biopsy timings, methodology, and genetic analysis techniques. The evidence surrounding the efficaciousness of PGT-A is sporadic and inconsistent; as such, significant doubt and concern remain regarding its widespread implementation. Objective This review seeks to describe the historical development of PGT-A and to analyze and summarize the current published literature. Conclusions At times during its infancy, PGT-A failed to display conclusive improvements in results; with newer technologies, PGT-A appears to yield superior outcomes, including reductions in miscarriages and multiple gestations. Clinicians and patients should assess the use of PGT-A on a case-by-case basis, with laboratories encouraged to utilize blastocyst biopsy and next-generation sequencing when conducting PGT-A. Further studies providing cumulative live birth rates and time to live birth are required if PGT-A is to be proven as producing superior outcomes. Relevance PGT-A has the potential ability to impact in vitro fertilization success rates, and as it is increasingly adopted worldwide, it is crucial that clinicians are aware of the evidence for its continued use.
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Hu K. On Mammalian Totipotency: What Is the Molecular Underpinning for the Totipotency of Zygote? Stem Cells Dev 2020; 28:897-906. [PMID: 31122174 PMCID: PMC6648208 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian zygote is described as a totipotent cell in the literature, but this characterization is elusive ignoring the molecular underpinnings. Totipotency can connote genetic totipotency, epigenetic totipotency, or the reprogramming capacity of a cell to epigenetic totipotency. Here, the implications of these concepts are discussed in the context of the properties of the zygote. Although genetically totipotent as any diploid somatic cell is, a zygote seems not totipotent transcriptionally, epigenetically, or functionally. Yet, a zygote may retain most of the key factors from its parental oocyte to reprogram an implanted differentiated genome or the zygote genome toward totipotency. This totipotent reprogramming process may extend to blastomeres in the two-cell-stage embryo. Thus, a revised alternative model of mammalian cellular totipotency is proposed, in which an epigenetically totipotent cell exists after the major embryonic genome activation and before the separation of the first two embryonic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Chromosomal Abnormalities: Aneuploidy, Mosaicism, and Structural Rearrangements. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060602. [PMID: 32485954 PMCID: PMC7349251 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in early human embryos, whether they are generated by natural conception or by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Cells with chromosomal copy number deviations or chromosome structural rearrangements can compromise the viability of embryos; much of the naturally low human fecundity as well as low success rates of ART can be ascribed to these cytogenetic defects. Chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for a large proportion of miscarriages and congenital disorders. There is therefore tremendous value in methods that identify embryos containing chromosomal abnormalities before intrauterine transfer to a patient being treated for infertility—the goal being the exclusion of affected embryos in order to improve clinical outcomes. This is the rationale behind preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and structural rearrangements (-SR). Contemporary methods are capable of much more than detecting whole chromosome abnormalities (e.g., monosomy/trisomy). Technical enhancements and increased resolution and sensitivity permit the identification of chromosomal mosaicism (embryos containing a mix of normal and abnormal cells), as well as the detection of sub-chromosomal abnormalities such as segmental deletions and duplications. Earlier approaches to screening for chromosomal abnormalities yielded a binary result of normal versus abnormal, but the new refinements in the system call for new categories, each with specific clinical outcomes and nuances for clinical management. This review intends to give an overview of PGT-A and -SR, emphasizing recent advances and areas of active development.
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Jiang S, Peng X, Gong F, Huang C, Peng Y, Long X, Lin G, Zhu W. The role of total chromosomal disomy in human spermatozoa as a predictor of the outcome of pre-implantation genetic screening. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1196-1204.e1. [PMID: 32416980 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of sperm disomy rate as a predictor of preimplantation genetic screening (PGT-A) outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Andrology laboratory and in vitro fertilization center. PATIENT(S) All patients (n = 123) who underwent sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization and PGT-A at the China International Trust and Investment Corporation Xiangya Reproductive and Genetic Hospital between January 2015 and November 2018 were included. INTERVENTION(S) Sperm samples of all patients evaluated for elevated disomy levels of 24 chromosomes using multicolor sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization and all embryos were cultured and biopsied at the blastocyst stage for PGT-A. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The relationship between the whole genome of sperm disomy rate and PGT-A outcome and the predictive effect of the whole genome of sperm disomy rate on PGT-A outcome. RESULT(S) A statistically significant correlation was observed between the sperm disomy rate and PGT-A outcome. Many confounders were considered, such as patients' factors, semen or laboratory characteristics, which may affect PGT-A outcome. Regression analysis excluding these confounding factors indicated a 2.071-fold decrease in odds of probability of not obtaining any euploid embryo to transfer for every 1% decrease in total disomy rate. Based on a total disomy rate threshold of 4.84%, the prediction ability of total disomy rate on PGT-A outcome reached 75.6%. CONCLUSION(S) There is a negative correlation between the whole genome of sperm disomy rate and PGT-A outcome. It is a potential role for whole genome of sperm disomy rate in the PGT-A patients as a predictor, as well as in future genetic counselling. Based on these results, genetic counselors can advise couples on the risk of not obtaining any euploid embryo and help them choose the best reproductive and diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Jiang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Peng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqin Peng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Long
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Lopes JL, Lopes GS, Enninga EAL, Kearney HM, Hoppman NL, Rowsey RA. Most noninvasive prenatal screens failing due to inadequate fetal cell free DNA are negative for trisomy when repeated. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:831-837. [PMID: 32274800 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to test for an association between the amount of circulating fetal cell-free DNA and trisomy, and whether NIPS failure due to low fetal fraction indicates trisomy risk. METHOD Maternal BMI, maternal age, fetal sex, gestational age, fetal cfDNA fraction, and NIPS results was collected on 2374 pregnancies. Additional clinical information was available for 1180 research consented patients. We investigated associations between fetal fraction and available variables and determined the success rate of repeat NIPS testing. RESULTS Fetal trisomy was marginally associated with decreased fetal fraction (P = .067). However, the proportions of trisomy events were not significantly increased in women who had failed NIPS due to low fetal fraction (<4%) (OR = 1.37 [0.3-7.4]; P = .714). 66% of repeated NIPS after a second blood draw were successful. CONCLUSION Failure to meet the clinical cutoff of 4% fetal fraction established for NIPS accuracy did not suggest increased risk for trisomy in our cohort. Because repeat testing was successful in the majority of cases and most failures were explained by high BMI and low gestational age, a redraw may be an appropriate next step before invasive screening due to concerns for trisomic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Lopes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guilherme S Lopes
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Hutton M Kearney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole L Hoppman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ross A Rowsey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Chromosome Missegregation in Single Human Oocytes Is Related to the Age and Gene Expression Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061934. [PMID: 32178390 PMCID: PMC7139522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing trend for women to postpone childbearing has resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of aneuploid pregnancies. Despite the importance to human reproductive health, the events precipitating female age-related meiotic errors are poorly understood. To gain new insight into the molecular basis of age-related chromosome missegregation in human oocytes, we combined the transcriptome profiles of twenty single oocytes (derived from females divided into two groups according to age <35 and ≥35 years) with their chromosome status obtained by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Furthermore, we compared the transcription profile of the single oocyte with the surrounding cumulus cells (CCs). RNA-seq data showed differences in gene expression between young and old oocytes. Dysregulated genes play a role in important biological processes such as gene transcription regulation, cytoskeleton organization, pathways related to RNA maturation and translation. The comparison of the transcription profile of the oocyte and the corresponding CCs highlighted the differential expression of genes belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Finally, we detected the loss of a X chromosome in two oocytes derived from women belonging to the ≥35 years age group. These aneuploidies may be caused by the detriment of REEP4, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, in women aged ≥35 years. Here we gained new insight into the complex regulatory circuit between the oocyte and the surrounding CCs and uncovered a new putative molecular basis of age-related chromosome missegregation in human oocytes.
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30
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Popovic M, Dhaenens L, Boel A, Menten B, Heindryckx B. Chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts: the ultimate diagnostic dilemma. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:313-334. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Trophectoderm (TE) biopsy and next generation sequencing (NGS) are currently the preferred techniques for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). Although this approach delivered important improvements over previous testing strategies, increased sensitivity has also prompted a rise in diagnoses of uncertain clinical significance. This includes reports of chromosomal mosaicism, suggesting the presence of karyotypically distinct cells within a single TE biopsy. Given that PGT-A relies on the chromosomal constitution of the biopsied cells being representative of the entire embryo, the prevalence and clinical implications of blastocyst mosaicism continue to generate considerable controversy.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The objective of this review was to evaluate existing scientific evidence regarding the prevalence and impact of chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts. We discuss insights from a biological, technical and clinical perspective to examine the implications of this diagnostic dilemma for PGT-A.
SEARCH METHODS
The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to search peer-reviewed publications using the following terms: ‘chromosomal mosaicism’, ‘human’, ‘embryo’, ‘blastocyst’, ‘implantation’, ‘next generation sequencing’ and ‘clinical management’ in combination with other keywords related to the subject area. Relevant articles in the English language, published until October 2019 were critically discussed.
OUTCOMES
Chromosomal mosaicism predominately results from errors in mitosis following fertilization. Although it appears to be less pervasive at later developmental stages, establishing the true prevalence of mosaicism in human blastocysts remains exceedingly challenging. In a clinical context, blastocyst mosaicism can only be reported based on a single TE biopsy and has been ascribed to 2–13% of embryos tested using NGS. Conversely, data from NGS studies disaggregating whole embryos suggests that mosaicism may be present in up to ~50% of blastocysts. However, differences in testing and reporting strategies, analysis platforms and the number of cells sampled inherently overshadow current data, while added uncertainties emanate from technical artefacts. Moreover, laboratory factors and aspects of in vitro culture generate further variability. Outcome data following the transfer of blastocysts diagnosed as mosaic remain limited. Current studies suggest that the transfer of putative mosaic embryos may lead to healthy live births, but also results in significantly reduced ongoing pregnancy rates compared to the transfer of euploid blastocysts. Observations that a subset of mosaic blastocysts has the capacity to develop normally have sparked discussions regarding the ability of embryos to self-correct. However, there is currently no direct evidence to support this assumption. Nevertheless, the exclusion of mosaic blastocysts results in fewer embryos available for transfer, which may inevitably compromise treatment outcomes.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts remains a perpetual diagnostic and clinical dilemma in the context of PGT-A. This review offers an important scientific resource, informing about the challenges, risks and value of diagnosing mosaicism. Elucidating these uncertainties will ultimately pave the way towards improved clinical and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Popovic
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Dhaenens
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Liu X, Quan S, Fu Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang C, Xiang D, Zhang L, Wang C. Study on amniotic fluid metabolism in the second trimester of Trisomy 21. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23089. [PMID: 31709651 PMCID: PMC7083445 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisomy 21 is a common aneuploid condition in humans and accounts for approximately one quarter of all aneuploid live births. To date, early diagnosis of Trisomy 21 remains a challenging task. Metabolomics may prove an innovative tool to study the early pathophysiology of Trisomy 21 at a functional level. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis of amniotic fluid samples from women having normal and trisomy 21 fetuses. RESULTS Many significantly changed metabolites were identified between amniotic fluid samples from Trisomy 21 pregnancies and normal euploid pregnancies, such as generally lower levels of several steroid hormones and their derivatives, higher levels of glutathione catabolites coupled with lower levels of gamma-glutamyl amino acids, and increased levels of phospholipid catabolites, sugars, and dicarboxylic acids. The identification of a human milk oligosaccharide in amniotic fluid may worth further investigation, since confirmation of this observation may have significant implications for regulation of fetal development. CONCLUSIONS The metabolisms in amniotic fluid from Trisomy 21 and normal pregnancies are quite different, and some of the significantly changed metabolites may be considered as candidates of early diagnostic biomarkers for Trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Sheng Quan
- Hangzhou Calibra Diagnostics, LTD.HangzhouChina
| | - Yurong Fu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Daijun Xiang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA & Medical laboratory centerFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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32
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Rahman MS, Pang MG. New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:388. [PMID: 32039204 PMCID: PMC6985208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A spermatozoon is a male germ cell capable of fertilizing an oocyte and carries genetic information for determining the sex of the offspring. It comprises autosomes and an X (X spermatozoa) or a Y chromosome (Y spermatozoa). The origin and maturation of both X and Y spermatozoa are the same, however, certain differences may exist. Previous studies proposed a substantial difference between X and Y spermatozoa, however, recent studies suggest negligible or no differences between these spermatozoa with respect to ratio, shape and size, motility and swimming pattern, strength, electric charge, pH, stress response, and aneuploidy. The only difference between X and Y spermatozoa lies in their DNA content. Moreover, recent proteomic and genomic studies have identified a set of proteins and genes that are differentially expressed between X and Y spermatozoa. Therefore, the difference in DNA content might be responsible for the differential expression of certain genes and proteins between these cells. In this review, we have compiled our present knowledge to compare X and Y spermatozoa with respect to their structural, functional, and molecular features. In addition, we have highlighted several areas that could be explored in future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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Cuenca L, Shin N, Lascarez-Lagunas LI, Martinez-Garcia M, Nadarajan S, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Colaiácovo MP. Environmentally-relevant exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) alters regulation of double-strand break formation and crossover designation leading to germline dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008529. [PMID: 31917788 PMCID: PMC6952080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), the most abundant plasticizer used in the production of polyvinyl-containing plastics, has been associated to adverse reproductive health outcomes in both males and females. While the effects of DEHP on reproductive health have been widely investigated, the molecular mechanisms by which exposure to environmentally-relevant levels of DEHP and its metabolites impact the female germline in the context of a multicellular organism have remained elusive. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans germline as a model for studying reprotoxicity, we show that exposure to environmentally-relevant levels of DEHP and its metabolites results in increased meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), altered DSB repair progression, activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent germ cell apoptosis, defects in chromosome remodeling at late prophase I, aberrant chromosome morphology in diakinesis oocytes, increased chromosome non-disjunction and defects during early embryogenesis. Exposure to DEHP results in a subset of nuclei held in a DSB permissive state in mid to late pachytene that exhibit defects in crossover (CO) designation/formation. In addition, these nuclei show reduced Polo-like kinase-1/2 (PLK-1/2)-dependent phosphorylation of SYP-4, a synaptonemal complex (SC) protein. Moreover, DEHP exposure leads to germline-specific change in the expression of prmt-5, which encodes for an arginine methyltransferase, and both increased SC length and altered CO designation levels on the X chromosome. Taken together, our data suggest a model by which impairment of a PLK-1/2-dependent negative feedback loop set in place to shut down meiotic DSBs, together with alterations in chromosome structure, contribute to the formation of an excess number of DSBs and altered CO designation levels, leading to genomic instability. Faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis, the specialized cell division program that produces haploid gametes (i.e. eggs and sperm) from a diploid organism, is key for successful sexual reproduction. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a commonly used plasticizer found in personal care and household products, has emerged as an endocrine disruptor that exerts reprotoxicity in mammals. In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into the modes of action by which environmentally-relevant levels of DEHP and its metabolites impair female meiosis in the C. elegans germline. Exposure to DEHP leads to defects in late prophase I chromosome remodeling, altered chromosome morphology in oocytes at diakinesis, errors in chromosome segregation, and impaired embryogenesis. Underlying these defects are higher levels of DSBs, altered DSB repair, defects in crossover (CO) designation/formation, germline-specific change in prmt-5 gene expression and altered chromosome structure. We propose that DEHP exposure induces an excess number of DSBs by interfering with mechanisms set in place to turn off DSBs once CO designation is accomplished and by altering chromosome structure resulting in increased chromatin accessibility to the DSB machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciann Cuenca
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura I. Lascarez-Lagunas
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marina Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Saravanapriah Nadarajan
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Mónica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kahraman S, Sahin Y, Yelke H, Kumtepe Y, Tufekci MA, Yapan CC, Yesil M, Cetinkaya M. High rates of aneuploidy, mosaicism and abnormal morphokinetic development in cases with low sperm concentration. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:629-640. [PMID: 31901112 PMCID: PMC7125256 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of severe male infertility (SMF) on the chromosomal status of embryos and any possible correlation between chromosomal status and embryo morphokinetics in younger women using data obtained from comprehensive preimplantation genetic tests. Methods The trial was conducted in an ART and Reproductive Genetics Centre between 2011 and 2018. A total of 326 cycles in cases with SMF where the female partner’s age was ≤ 35 years were evaluated. SMF is defined as sperm concentration below 5 mil/ml (million per milliliter) and divided into three subgroups according to sperm concentrations: 1–5 mil/ml, < 1mil/ml and testicular sperm. The control group of 190 cycles had normal sperm parameters. Results Significantly lower chromosomal euploidy rates were found in the testicular sperm group compared with the normal sperm controls when the female age was ≤ 35 years. In SMF, statistically significantly affected chromosomes were 2, 10, 11, 17, 21 and sex chromosomes. The mosaicism and abnormal morphokinetic development rates were higher in the SMF group than in control group, and this difference was significant when testicular sperm was used. Conclusion Lower euploidy rates, higher mosaicism rates and a higher incidence of abnormal morphokinetic development were observed in cases with testicular sperm with female partners ≤ 35 years compared with normal sperm controls. These findings suggest that PGT-A may be advisable in severe male infertility cases. Furthermore, the correlation between morphokinetics and chromosomal status was greatly reduced or absent in these most severe forms of male infertility, thus the need for new morphokinetic models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10815-019-01673-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Kahraman
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yelke
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Kumtepe
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Tufekci
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem C Yapan
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yesil
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Cetinkaya
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reproductive Genetics Center, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, Piyalepasa Bulvari, Sisli, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey
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Esteves SC, Roque M, Bedoschi G, Haahr T, Humaidan P. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male infertility and consequences for offspring. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:535-562. [PMID: 29967387 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become the most commonly used method of fertilization in assisted reproductive technology. The primary reasons for its popularity stem from its effectiveness, the standardization of the procedure, which means that it can easily be incorporated into the routine practice of fertility centres worldwide, and the fact that it can be used to treat virtually all forms of infertility. ICSI is the clear method of choice for overcoming untreatable severe male factor infertility, but its (over)use in other male and non-male factor infertility scenarios is not evidence-based. Despite all efforts to increase ICSI efficacy and safety through the application of advanced sperm retrieval and cryopreservation techniques, as well as methods for selecting sperm with better chromatin integrity, the overall pregnancy rates from infertile men remain suboptimal. Treating the underlying male infertility factor before ICSI seems to be a promising way to improve ICSI outcomes, but data remain limited. Information regarding the health of ICSI offspring has accumulated over the past 25 years, and there are reasons for concern as risks of congenital malformations, epigenetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, subfertility, cancer, delayed psychological and neurological development, and impaired cardiometabolic profile have been observed to be greater in infants born as a result of ICSI than in naturally conceived children. However, as subfertility probably influences the risk estimates, it remains to be determined to what extent the observed adverse outcomes are related to parental factors or associated with ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil. .,Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. .,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Matheus Roque
- ORIGEN, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giuliano Bedoschi
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thor Haahr
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
| | - Peter Humaidan
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
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Sanchez T, Zhang M, Needleman D, Seli E. Metabolic imaging via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for egg and embryo assessment. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:212-218. [PMID: 30691624 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for embryo assessment in the assisted reproductive technology laboratories rely primarily on morphologic parameters that have limited accuracy for determining embryo viability. Even with the addition of invasive diagnostic interventions such as preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy alone or in combination with mitochondrial DNA copy number assessment, at least one third of embryos fail to implant. Therefore, at a time when the clinical benefits of single ET are widely accepted, improving viability assessment of embryos is ever more important. Building on the previous work demonstrating the importance of metabolic state in oocytes and embryos, metabolic imaging via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy offers new and potentially useful diagnostic method by detecting natural fluorescence of FAD and NADH, the two electron transporters that play a central role in oxidative phosphorylation. Recent studies demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy can detect oocyte and embryo metabolic function and dysfunction in a multitude of experimental models and provide encouraging evidence for use in scientific investigation and possibly for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dan Needleman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Lane S, Kauppi L. Meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint and aneuploidy in males versus females. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1135-1150. [PMID: 30564841 PMCID: PMC6513798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of gametes (sperm and eggs in mammals) involves two sequential cell divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate to different daughter cells, and meiosis II resembles mitotic divisions in that sister chromatids separate. While in principle the process is identical in males and females, the time frame and susceptibility to chromosomal defects, including achiasmy and cohesion weakening, and the response to mis-segregating chromosomes are not. In this review, we compare and contrast meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint function and aneuploidy in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lane
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Wang LY, Rao XQ, Luo YQ, Liu B, Peng CF, Chen D, Yan K, Qian YQ, Yang YM, Huang YZ, Chen M, Sun YX, Li HG, Ye YH, Jin F, Liu HL, Dong MY. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/S) using a semiconductor sequencing platform. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:1. [PMID: 30606250 PMCID: PMC6318931 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in semiconductor sequencing platform (SSP) have provided new methods for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/S). The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of SSP in PGD/S. Methods The artificial positive single-cell-like DNAs and normal single-cell samples were chosen to test our semiconductor sequencing platform for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (SSP-PGD/S) method with two widely used whole-genome amplification (WGA) kits. A total of 557 single blastomeres were collected from in vitro fertilization (IVF) couples, and their WGA products were processed and analyzed by our SSP-PGD/S method in comparison with array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Results Our SSP-PGD/S method indicated high compatibilities with two commercial WGA kits. For 557 single blastomeres, our method with four million reads in average could detect 24-chromosome aneuploidies as well as microdeletion/microduplication of the size over 4 Mb, providing 100% consistent conclusion with array-CGH method in the classification of whether it was transplantable. Conclusions Our studies suggested that SSP-PGD/S represents a valuable alternative to array-CGH and brought PGD/S into a new era of more rapid, accurate, and economic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0187-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | | | - Yu-Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | | | - Dan Chen
- CapitalBio Genomics Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 532808, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ye-Qing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yi-Xi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hong-Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying-Hui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hai-Liang Liu
- CapitalBio Genomics Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 532808, China.
| | - Min-Yue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University) Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Sanchez T, Wang T, Pedro MV, Zhang M, Esencan E, Sakkas D, Needleman D, Seli E. Metabolic imaging with the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) accurately detects mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse oocytes. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:1387-1397. [PMID: 30446247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether metabolic imaging with the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) identifies metabolic differences between normal oocytes and those with metabolic dysfunction. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Academic research laboratories. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) Oocytes from mice with global knockout of Clpp (caseinolytic peptidase P; n = 52) were compared with wild-type (WT) oocytes (n = 55) as a model of severe oocyte dysfunction. Oocytes from old mice (1 year old; n = 29) were compared with oocytes from young mice (12 weeks old; n = 35) as a model of mild oocyte dysfunction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) FLIM was used to measure the naturally occurring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) autofluorescence in individual oocytes. Eight metabolic parameters were obtained from each measurement (4 per fluorophore): short (τ1) and long (τ2) fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence intensity (I), and fraction of the molecule engaged with enzyme (F). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and blastocyst development rates were measured to assess illumination safety. RESULT(S) In Clpp-knockout oocytes compared with WT, FAD τ1 and τ2 were longer and I was higher, NADH τ2 was longer, and F was lower. In old oocytes compared with young ones, FAD τ1 was longer and I was lower, NADH τ1 and τ2 were shorter, and I and F were lower. FLIM did not affect ROS levels or blastocyst development rates. CONCLUSION(S) FLIM parameters exhibit strong differentiation between Clpp-knockout versus WT, and old versus young oocytes. FLIM could potentially be used as a noninvasive tool to assess mitochondrial function in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sanchez
- Departments of Applied Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tianren Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marta Venturas Pedro
- Departments of Applied Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ecem Esencan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Dan Needleman
- Departments of Applied Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Moorthie S, Blencowe H, Darlison MW, Gibbons S, Lawn JE, Mastroiacovo P, Morris JK, Modell B. Chromosomal disorders: estimating baseline birth prevalence and pregnancy outcomes worldwide. J Community Genet 2018; 9:377-386. [PMID: 28948513 PMCID: PMC6167258 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal disorders, of which Down syndrome is the most common, can cause multi-domain disability. In addition, compared to the general population, there is a higher frequency of death before the age of five. In many settings, large gaps in data availability have hampered policy-making, programme priorities and resource allocation for these important conditions. We have developed methods, which overcome this lack of data and allow estimation of the burden of affected pregnancies and their outcomes in different settings worldwide. For example, the methods include a simple equation relating the percentage of mothers 35 and over to Down syndrome birth prevalence. The results obtained provide a starting point for consideration of services that can be implemented for the care and prevention of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Blencowe
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, and Child Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew W Darlison
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Genetics, Centre for Health Informatics and Multiprofessional Education (CHIME), University College London, London, UK.
| | - Stephen Gibbons
- Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, and Child Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo
- Coordinating Centre of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Joan K Morris
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bernadette Modell
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Genetics, Centre for Health Informatics and Multiprofessional Education (CHIME), University College London, London, UK
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Petridou ET, Georgakis MK, Erdmann F, Ma X, Heck JE, Auvinen A, Mueller BA, Spector LG, Roman E, Metayer C, Magnani C, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Ezzat S, Scheurer ME, Mora AM, Dockerty JD, Hansen J, Kang AY, Wang R, Doody DR, Kane E, Rashed WM, Dessypris N, Schüz J, Infante-Rivard C, Skalkidou A. Advanced parental age as risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from studies of the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:965-976. [PMID: 29761423 PMCID: PMC6384148 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced parental age has been associated with adverse health effects in the offspring including childhood (0-14 years) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as reported in our meta-analysis of published studies. We aimed to further explore the association using primary data from 16 studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. Data were contributed by 11 case-control (CC) studies (7919 cases and 12,942 controls recruited via interviews) and five nested case-control (NCC) studies (8801 cases and 29,690 controls identified through record linkage of population-based health registries) with variable enrollment periods (1968-2015). Five-year paternal and maternal age increments were introduced in two meta-analyses by study design using adjusted odds ratios (OR) derived from each study. Increased paternal age was associated with greater ALL risk in the offspring (ORCC 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.11; ORNCC 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). A similar positive association with advanced maternal age was observed only in the NCC results (ORCC 0.99, 95% CI 0.91-1.07, heterogeneity I2 = 58%, p = 0.002; ORNCC 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08). The positive association between parental age and risk of ALL was most marked among children aged 1-5 years and remained unchanged following mutual adjustment for the collinear effect of the paternal and maternal age variables; analyses of the relatively small numbers of discordant paternal-maternal age pairs were not fully enlightening. Our results strengthen the evidence that advanced parental age is associated with increased childhood ALL risk; collinearity of maternal with paternal age complicates causal interpretation. Employing datasets with cytogenetic information may further elucidate involvement of each parental component and clarify underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marios K Georgakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Unit of Survivorship, Childhood Cancer Survivorship Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Beth A Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, SCDU Epidemiologia del Tumori, Universitá del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sameera Ezzat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, NLI-SSI Collaborative Research Center, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Maria Mora
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - John D Dockerty
- Department of Preventative and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Y Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David R Doody
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Waffa M Rashed
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nick Dessypris
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Infante-Rivard
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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42
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Huber S, Fieder M. Evidence for a maximum "shelf-life" of oocytes in mammals suggests that human menopause may be an implication of meiotic arrest. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14099. [PMID: 30237413 PMCID: PMC6148287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate why a trait like human menopause should have evolved. Adaptive explanations explain menopause with fitness benefits of ceasing reproduction, whereas non-adaptive explanations view it as an epiphenomenon. Here we present data in support of non-adaptive explanations of menopause suggesting a maximum shelf-life of oocytes. By analyzing the association between lifespan and age at reproductive senescence across 49 mammal species, we find that the positive association levels off in long lived species, indicating that the age at reproductive senescence has an upper limit. Only in baleen whales there seems to be no evidence for reproductive senescence. We suggest that apart from the baleen whales, the confinement of reproductive senescence in long-lived species may be the result of physiological constraints imposed by the long period of time oocytes remain inactive in an arrested phase of meiosis from their production in utero until ovulation. We therefore conclude that menopause may be an implication of the long duration of meiotic arrest caused by semelgametogenesis together with long lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Fieder
- Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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43
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Effect of endocrine disruptors on the ratio of X and Y chromosome-bearing live spermatozoa. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:10-17. [PMID: 30219569 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although equal numbers of X and Y spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis, the sex chromosome ratio in ejaculated spermatozoa can be altered by exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can be reflected by altered sex ratios at birth. Here, we hypothesized EDCs affect sperm functions and viability of X and Y chromosome-bearing human spermatozoa. After exposure to genistein (Gen), bisphenol A (BPA), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), and diazinon (Diaz), we evaluated motility, viability, capacitation, and differential viability of X and Y spermatozoa. All EDCs tested altered sperm viability, motility, and capacitation. Interestingly, the Y/X ratio of live spermatozoa was significantly lower in sperm treated with TCDD, DBCP, and Diaz than control spermatozoa. Our results suggest that some of EDCs have larger effects on the viability of Y spermatozoa than X spermatozoa, implicating that a reduction in Y sperm viability may result in a female-biased sex ratio of offspring at birth.
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Alonso-Cerezo MC, Calero Ruiz M, Chantada-Abal V, de la Fuente-Hernández LA, García-Cobaleda I, García-Ochoa C, García-Sagredo JM, Nuñez R, Oliva R, Orera-Clemente M, Pintado-Vera D, Sanchez-Ramon S. Recommendations regarding the genetic and immunological study of reproductive dysfunction. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 151:161.e1-161.e12. [PMID: 29680457 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article several members of diverse scientific associations and reproduction experts from Spain have updated different genetic and immunological procedure recommendations in couples affected by reproductive dysfunction with the goal of providing a set of useful guidelines for the clinic. The laboratory test has been considered as highly recommendable for making clinical decisions when the result of the diagnostic test is relevant, moderately recommendable when the results are of limited evidence because they are inconsistent, and low when the benefit of the test is uncertain. It is expected that these recommendations will provide some useful guidelines for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of couples presenting reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción Alonso-Cerezo
- Asociación Española de Biopatología Médica-Medicina de Laboratorio, Madrid, España; Genética Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, España
| | - Mercedes Calero Ruiz
- Asociación Española del Laboratorio Clínico, Madrid, España; UGC Intercentros Laboratorio Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
| | - Venancio Chantada-Abal
- Asociación Española de Urología, Madrid, España; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, España
| | | | - Inmaculada García-Cobaleda
- Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio, Barcelona, España; Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | | | | | - Rocío Nuñez
- Unidad de Reproducción, Clínica Tambre, Madrid, España
| | - Rafael Oliva
- Asociación Española de Andrología, Córdoba, España; Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Servicio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España
| | - María Orera-Clemente
- Asociación Española de Genética Humana, Madrid, España; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - David Pintado-Vera
- Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Madrid, España; Sección de Esterilidad e Infertilidad, Hospital Quirón, Pamplona, España
| | - Silvia Sanchez-Ramon
- Sociedad Española de Inmunología, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, España
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45
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Yu B, Vega M, Zaghi S, Fritz R, Jindal S, Buyuk E. Comparison of perinatal outcomes following frozen embryo transfer cycles using autologous versus donor oocytes in women 40 to 43 years old: analysis of SART CORS data. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:2025-2029. [PMID: 30128819 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the differences in perinatal outcomes after frozen embryo transfer cycles using autologous or donor oocytes in women of advanced maternal age. DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING US national database from the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS) from 2009 to 2013. PATIENT(S) Women at 40-43 years of age undergoing autologous frozen embryo transfers (a-FET) or donor oocyte frozen embryo transfers (d-FET) resulting in singleton pregnancies that were entered in the SART CORS database from 2009 to 2013. RESULTS a-FET resulted in 4402 singleton live births whereas d-FET resulted in 2703 singleton live births. d-FET resulted in a higher risk of preterm births (< 37 weeks), with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.33 (95% CI 1.02-1.75), but similar risk of small for gestational age (SGA), with aOR 1.75 (95% CI 0.85-3.7), when compared to a-FET. However, when only single blastocyst transfer cycles are considered, d-FET and a-FET showed no difference in preterm births or other adverse perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Singletons resulting from d-FET are at increased risk for perinatal morbidity. However, the risk was diminished in single blastocyst transfer cycles. Our study supports the current American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) guidelines of transferring a single blastocyst in d-FET cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of OBGYN, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356460, Seattle, WA, 98195-6460, USA.
| | - Mario Vega
- Department of OBGYN and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, USA
| | - Sahar Zaghi
- Department of OBGYN and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, USA
| | - Rani Fritz
- Department of OBGYN and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, USA
| | - Sangita Jindal
- Department of OBGYN and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, USA
| | - Erkan Buyuk
- Department of OBGYN and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, USA
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46
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Pregnancy outcomes from more than 1,800 in vitro fertilization cycles with the use of 24-chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphism–based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Background Monosomy of the X chromosome is the most frequent genetic abnormality in human as it is present in approximately 2% of all conceptions, although 99% of these embryos are spontaneously miscarried. In postnatal life, clinical features of Turner syndrome may include typical dysmorphic stigmata, short stature, sexual infantilism, and renal, cardiac, skeletal, endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. Main text Turner syndrome is due to a partial or total loss of the second sexual chromosome, resulting in the development of highly variable clinical features. This phenotype may not merely be due to genomic imbalance from deleted genes but may also result from additive influences on associated genes within a given gene network, with an altered regulation of gene expression triggered by the absence of the second sex chromosome. Current studies in human and mouse models have demonstrated that this chromosomal abnormality leads to epigenetic changes, including differential DNA methylation in specific groups of downstream target genes in pathways associated with several clinical and metabolic features, mostly on autosomal chromosomes. In this article, we begin exploring the potential involvement of both genetic and epigenetic factors in the origin of X chromosome monosomy. We review the dispute between the meiotic and post-zygotic origins of 45,X monosomy, by mainly analyzing the findings from several studies that compare gene expression of the 45,X monosomy to their euploid and/or 47,XXX trisomic cell counterparts on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, amniotic fluid, human fibroblast cells, and induced pluripotent human cell lines. From these studies, a profile of epigenetic changes seems to emerge in response to chromosomal imbalance. An interesting finding of all these studies is that methylation-based and expression-based pathway analyses are complementary, rather than overlapping, and are correlated with the clinical picture displayed by TS subjects. Conclusions The clarification of these possible causal pathways may have future implications in increasing the life expectancy of these patients and may provide informative targets for early pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Álvarez-Nava
- Biological Sciences School, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Lanes
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
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48
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Grati FR, Gallazzi G, Branca L, Maggi F, Simoni G, Yaron Y. An evidence-based scoring system for prioritizing mosaic aneuploid embryos following preimplantation genetic screening. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36:442-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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49
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Popescu F, Jaslow CR, Kutteh WH. Recurrent pregnancy loss evaluation combined with 24-chromosome microarray of miscarriage tissue provides a probable or definite cause of pregnancy loss in over 90% of patients. Hum Reprod 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Popescu
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - C R Jaslow
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - W H Kutteh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
- Director of Fertility Preservation, Department of Gynecology, St. Jude Children’s Research Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Director of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Center, Fertility Associates of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
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50
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Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming of Ovarian Functions and Dysfunctions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:377-422. [PMID: 29544638 PMCID: PMC6119353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the origin of several ovarian pathologies remain unclear. In addition to the genetic basis, developmental insults are gaining attention as a basis for the origin of these pathologies. Such early insults include maternal over or under nutrition, stress, and exposure to environmental chemicals. This chapter reviews the development and physiological function of the ovary, the known ovarian pathologies, the developmental check points of ovarian differentiation impacted by developmental insults, the role played by steroidal and metabolic factors as mediaries, the epigenetic mechanisms via which these mediaries induce their effects, and the knowledge gaps for targeting future studies to ultimately aid in the development of improved treatments.
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