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Buntkowsky G, Theiss F, Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Wienands L, Kiryutin A, Yurkovskaya A. Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12477-12506. [PMID: 35480380 PMCID: PMC9039419 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are analytical and diagnostic tools that are essential for a very broad field of applications, ranging from chemical analytics, to non-destructive testing of materials and the investigation of molecular dynamics, to in vivo medical diagnostics and drug research. One of the major challenges in their application to many problems is the inherent low sensitivity of magnetic resonance, which results from the small energy-differences of the nuclear spin-states. At thermal equilibrium at room temperature the normalized population difference of the spin-states, called the Boltzmann polarization, is only on the order of 10-5. Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, which has widespread applications in Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Medical Imaging. PHIP creates its signal-enhancements by means of a reversible (SABRE) or irreversible (classic PHIP) chemical reaction between the parahydrogen, a catalyst, and a substrate. Here, we first give a short overview about parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques and then review the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of the PHIP experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Recent developments in NMR hyperpolarization have enabled a wide array of new in vivo molecular imaging modalities, ranging from functional imaging of the lungs to metabolic imaging of cancer. This Concept article explores selected advances in methods for the preparation and use of hyperpolarized contrast agents, many of which are already at or near the phase of their clinical validation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave South AA-1107, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310 (United States)
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901 (United States)
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave South AA-1107, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310 (United States)
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Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Walkup LL, Gust BM, Whiting N, Newton H, Muradyan I, Dabaghyan M, Ranta K, Moroz GD, Rosen MS, Patz S, Barlow MJ, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. XeNA: an automated 'open-source' (129)Xe hyperpolarizer for clinical use. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:541-50. [PMID: 24631715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we provide a full report on the construction, components, and capabilities of our consortium's "open-source" large-scale (~1L/h) (129)Xe hyperpolarizer for clinical, pre-clinical, and materials NMR/MRI (Nikolaou et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 14150 (2013)). The 'hyperpolarizer' is automated and built mostly of off-the-shelf components; moreover, it is designed to be cost-effective and installed in both research laboratories and clinical settings with materials costing less than $125,000. The device runs in the xenon-rich regime (up to 1800Torr Xe in 0.5L) in either stopped-flow or single-batch mode-making cryo-collection of the hyperpolarized gas unnecessary for many applications. In-cell (129)Xe nuclear spin polarization values of ~30%-90% have been measured for Xe loadings of ~300-1600Torr. Typical (129)Xe polarization build-up and T1 relaxation time constants were ~8.5min and ~1.9h respectively under our spin-exchange optical pumping conditions; such ratios, combined with near-unity Rb electron spin polarizations enabled by the high resonant laser power (up to ~200W), permit such high PXe values to be achieved despite the high in-cell Xe densities. Importantly, most of the polarization is maintained during efficient HP gas transfer to other containers, and ultra-long (129)Xe relaxation times (up to nearly 6h) were observed in Tedlar bags following transport to a clinical 3T scanner for MR spectroscopy and imaging as a prelude to in vivo experiments. The device has received FDA IND approval for a clinical study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects. The primary focus of this paper is on the technical/engineering development of the polarizer, with the explicit goals of facilitating the adaptation of design features and operative modes into other laboratories, and of spurring the further advancement of HP-gas MR applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, United States
| | - Laura L Walkup
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
| | - Brogan M Gust
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hayley Newton
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Iga Muradyan
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mikayel Dabaghyan
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
| | - Gregory D Moroz
- Graduate School Central Research Shop, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Samuel Patz
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37205, United States
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
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Korchak SE, Kilian W, Mitschang L. Configuration and Performance of a Mobile (129)Xe Polarizer. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2013; 44:65-80. [PMID: 23349565 PMCID: PMC3549238 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-012-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A stand-alone, self-contained and transportable system for the polarization of (129)Xe by spin exchange optical pumping with Rb is described. This mobile polarizer may be operated in batch or continuous flow modes with medium amounts of hyperpolarized (129)Xe for spectroscopic or small animal applications. A key element is an online nuclear magnetic resonance module which facilitates continuous monitoring of polarization generation in the pumping cell as well as the calculation of the absolute (129)Xe polarization. The performance of the polarizer with respect to the crucial parameters temperature, xenon and nitrogen partial pressures, and the total gas flow is discussed. In batch mode the highest (129)Xe polarization of P(Xe) = 40 % was achieved using 0.1 mbar xenon partial pressure. For a xenon flow of 6.5 and 26 mln/min, P(Xe) = 25 % and P(Xe) = 13 % were reached, respectively. The mobile polarizer may be a practical and efficient means to make the applicability of hyperpolarized (129)Xe more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E. Korchak
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kilian
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Mitschang
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Schilling F, Schröder L, Palaniappan KK, Zapf S, Wemmer DE, Pines A. MRI Thermometry Based on Encapsulated Hyperpolarized Xenon. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3529-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schröder L, Chavez L, Meldrum T, Smith M, Lowery TJ, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Temperature-controlled molecular depolarization gates in nuclear magnetic resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4316-20. [PMID: 18461575 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Schröder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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8
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Schröder L, Chavez L, Meldrum T, Smith M, Lowery T, Wemmer D, Pines A. Molekulare Steuerelemente zur temperaturempfindlichen Depolarisierung in der kernmagnetischen Resonanz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Harel E, Schröder L, Xu S. Novel detection schemes of nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging: applications from analytical chemistry to molecular sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:133-163. [PMID: 20636077 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well-established analytical technique in chemistry. The ability to precisely control the nuclear spin interactions that give rise to the NMR phenomenon has led to revolutionary advances in fields as diverse as protein structure determination and medical diagnosis. Here, we discuss methods for increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance experiments, moving away from the paradigm of traditional NMR by separating the encoding and detection steps of the experiment. This added flexibility allows for diverse applications ranging from lab-on-a-chip flow imaging and biological sensors to optical detection of magnetic resonance imaging at low magnetic fields. We aim to compare and discuss various approaches for a host of problems in material science, biology, and physics that differ from the high-field methods routinely used in analytical chemistry and medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Harel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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10
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Gherase MR, Wallace JC, Cross AR, Santyr GE. Two-compartment radial diffusive exchange analysis of the NMR lineshape of Xe129 dissolved in a perfluorooctyl bromide emulsion. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:44906. [PMID: 16942191 DOI: 10.1063/1.2217735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (129)Xe (xenon) gas dissolved in a perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) emulsion stabilized with egg yolk phospholipid (EYP) is a possible contrast agent for quantitative blood flow measurements using magnetic resonance imaging. The NMR line shape of xenon dissolved in PFOB emulsion depends strongly on the exchange of spins between PFOB and water. The exchange in this system depends on three factors: the geometrical factors (i.e., droplet size and surrounding water volume), the permeability of the EYP monolayer surrounding the droplet, and the diffusion coefficients of xenon in the two media. A theoretical model which predicts the line shape of xenon in the emulsion based on the Bloch-Torrey equations is presented. Fitting the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the theoretical line shapes with the FWHM of the experimental spectra obtained from emulsions with different water dilutions allows estimation of the volume-weighted average diameter of the PFOB droplets (3.5+/-0.8) microm and the permeability of the EYP membrane surrounding the droplet (58+/-14) microm / s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai R Gherase
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada.
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11
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Ziegler A, Hyacinthe JN, Choquet P, Duhamel G, Grillon E, Leviel JL, Constantinesco A. Laser-Polarized Xenon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, a Potential Tool for Brain Perfusion Imaging: Measurement of the Xenon T1In Vivo. Methods Enzymol 2004; 385:149-65. [PMID: 15130738 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)85009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ziegler
- Center Hospitalier Universitaire, Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle et Metabolique, Grenoble, France
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12
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Momot KI, Kuchel PW. Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for studying drug delivery systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/cmr.a.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rice CV, Raftery D. Rubidium–xenon spin exchange and relaxation rates measured at high pressure and high magnetic field. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1500733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Möller HE, Chen XJ, Saam B, Hagspiel KD, Johnson GA, Altes TA, de Lange EE, Kauczor HU. MRI of the lungs using hyperpolarized noble gases. Magn Reson Med 2002; 47:1029-51. [PMID: 12111949 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear spin polarization of the noble gas isotopes (3)He and (129)Xe can be increased using optical pumping methods by four to five orders of magnitude. This extraordinary gain in polarization translates directly into a gain in signal strength for MRI. The new technology of hyperpolarized (HP) gas MRI holds enormous potential for enhancing sensitivity and contrast in pulmonary imaging. This review outlines the physics underlying the optical pumping process, imaging strategies coping with the nonequilibrium polarization, and effects of the alveolar microstructure on relaxation and diffusion of the noble gases. It presents recent progress in HP gas MRI and applications ranging from MR microscopy of airspaces to imaging pulmonary function in patients and suggests potential directions for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald E Möller
- Max-Planck-Institut für neuropsychologische Forschung, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Goodson BM. Nuclear magnetic resonance of laser-polarized noble gases in molecules, materials, and organisms. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2002; 155:157-216. [PMID: 12036331 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2001.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques is fundamentally limited by the ordinarily low spin polarization achievable in even the strongest NMR magnets. However, by transferring angular momentum from laser light to electronic and nuclear spins, optical pumping methods can increase the nuclear spin polarization of noble gases by several orders of magnitude, thereby greatly enhancing their NMR sensitivity. This review describes the principles and magnetic resonance applications of laser-polarized noble gases. The enormous sensitivity enhancement afforded by optical pumping can be exploited to permit a variety of novel NMR experiments across numerous disciplines. Many such experiments are reviewed, including the void-space imaging of organisms and materials, NMR and MRI of living tissues, probing structure and dynamics of molecules in solution and on surfaces, NMR sensitivity enhancement via polarization transfer, and low-field NMR and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd M Goodson
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1460, USA
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16
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Duhamel G, Choquet P, Grillon E, Lamalle L, Leviel JL, Ziegler A, Constantinesco A. Xenon-129 MR imaging and spectroscopy of rat brain using arterial delivery of hyperpolarized xenon in a lipid emulsion. Magn Reson Med 2001; 46:208-12. [PMID: 11477622 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (129)Xe dissolved in a lipid emulsion constitutes an NMR tracer that can be injected into the blood stream, enabling blood-flow measurement and perfusion imaging. A small volume (0.15 ml) of this tracer was injected in 1.5 s in rat carotid and (129)Xe MR spectra and images were acquired at 2.35 T to evaluate the potential of this approach for cerebral studies. Xenon spectra consistently showed two resonances, at 194.5 ppm and 199.0 ppm relative to the gas peak. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained for the two peaks was sufficient (ranging from 12 to 90) to follow their time courses. 2D transverse-projection xenon images were obtained with an in-plane resolution of 900 microm per pixel (SNR range 8-15). Histological analysis revealed no brain damage except in two rats that had received three injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Duhamel
- Laboratoire mixte INSERM U438 / Université Joseph Fourier "RMN Bioclinique," Laboratoire de Recherche Correspondant du CEA, Grenoble, France
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17
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Kober F, Wolf PE, Vermeulen G, Duhamel G, Lamalle L, Leviel JL, Décorps M, Ziegler A. Rat lung MRI using low-temperature prepolarized helium-3. Magn Reson Med 2001; 45:1130-3. [PMID: 11378894 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recently proposed technique of 3He prepolarization at low temperature and high field (Kober et al. Magn Reson Med 1999; 41:1084-1087) for fast imaging of the lung. Helium-3 was cooled to 2.4 K in a magnetic field of 8 Tesla to obtain a polarization of 0.26%. The polarized 3He was warmed up to room temperature and transferred to a rat, with a final polarization of about 0.1%, large enough for acquiring a 3D image of the rat lung in 30 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kober
- Laboratoire mixte INSERM U438/Université Joseph Fourier: RMN Bioclinique, Laboratoire de Recherche Correspondant du CEA, Grenoble, France
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18
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Leawoods JC, Yablonskiy DA, Saam B, Gierada DS, Conradi MS. Hyperpolarized3He gas production and MR imaging of the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/cmr.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Duhamel G, Choquet P, Leviel JL, Steibel J, Lamalle L, Julien C, Kober F, Grillon E, Derouard J, Décorps M, Ziegler A, Constantinesco A. In vivo 129Xe NMR in rat brain during intra-arterial injection of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in a lipid emulsion. COMPTES RENDUS DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. SERIE III, SCIENCES DE LA VIE 2000; 323:529-36. [PMID: 10923208 DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(00)00147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 129Xe was dissolved in a lipid emulsion and administered to anaesthetized rats by manual injections into the carotid (approximately 1-1.5 mL in a maximum time of 30 s). During injection, 129Xe NMR brain spectra at 2.35 T were recorded over 51 s, with a repetition time of 253 ms. Two peaks assigned to dissolved 129Xe were observed (the larger at 194 +/- 1 ppm assigned to intravascular xenon and the smaller at 199 +/- 1 ppm to xenon dissolved in the brain tissue). Their kinetics revealed a rapid intensity increase, followed by a plateau (approximately 15 s duration) and then a decrease over 5 s. This behaviour was attributed to combined influences of the T1 relaxation of the tracer, of radiofrequency sampling, and of the tracer perfusion rate in rat brain. Similar kinetics were observed in experiments carried out on a simple micro-vessel phantom. An identical experimental set-up was used to acquire a series of 2D projection 129Xe images on the phantom and the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Duhamel
- Inserm U438, université Joseph-Fourier, LRC CEA, CHU, Grenoble, France
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