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Bhombal YN, Patil YP, Barvkar VT, Kaledhonkar AA, Patil SS, Joshi RS, Pable AA. Prodigiosin from Serratia rubidaea MJ 24 impedes Helicoverpa armigera development by the dysregulation of Juvenile hormone-dopamine system. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127422. [PMID: 37301080 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prodigiosin pigment is a secondary metabolite produced by many bacterial species and is known for its medicinal properties. A few of these prodigiosin-producing bacteria are also reported to be entomopathogenic. It is intriguing to unravel the role of prodigiosin in insecticidal activities and its mode of action. In this study, we have shown the production and characterization of prodigiosin from the Serratia rubidaea MJ 24 isolated from the soil of the Western Ghats, India. Further, we assessed the effect of this pigment on the lepidopteran agricultural pest, Helicoverpa armigera. Prodigiosin-fed H. armigera indicated defective development of insect growth upon treatment. Due to defective early development, about 50% mortality and 40% reduction in body weight were observed in insects fed on a 500 ppm prodigiosin-containing diet. The transcriptomic analysis of these insects indicated significant dysregulation of Juvenile hormone synthesis and response related genes. In addition, dopamine related processes and their resultant melanization and sclerotization processes were also found to be affected. The changes in the expression levels of the key transcripts were further validated using real-time quantitative PCR. The metabolome data confirmed the developmental dysregulation of precursors and products of differentially regulated genes due to prodigiosin. Therefore, the corroborated data suggests that prodigiosin majorly affects H. armigera development through dysregulation of the Juvenile hormone-dopamine system and can be considered as a bioactive scaffold to design insect-pest management compounds. This study provides the first report of in-depth analysis of insecticidal system dynamics in H. armigera insects upon prodigiosin feeding via gene expression and metabolic change via omics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseera N Bhombal
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yogita P Patil
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Aditi A Kaledhonkar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Swaranjali S Patil
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Rakesh S Joshi
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anupama A Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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Kamruzzaman ASM, Mikani A, Mohamed AA, Elgendy AM, Takeda M. Crosstalk among Indoleamines, Neuropeptides and JH/20E in Regulation of Reproduction in the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030155. [PMID: 32121505 PMCID: PMC7143859 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the regulation of vitellogenesis in insects has been mainly discussed in terms of ‘classical’ lipid hormones, juvenile hormone (JH), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), recent data support the notion that this process must be adjusted in harmony with a nutritional input/reservoir and involvement of certain indoleamines and neuropeptides in regulation of such process. This study focuses on crosstalks among these axes, lipid hormones, monoamines, and neuropeptides in regulation of vitellogenesis in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana with novel aspects in the roles of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT), a key enzyme in indoleamine metabolism, and the enteroendocrine peptides; crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF). Double-stranded RNA against aaNAT (dsRNAaaNAT) was injected into designated-aged females and the effects were monitored including the expressions of aaNAT itself, vitellogenin 1 and 2 (Vg1 and Vg2) and the vitellogenin receptor (VgR) mRNAs, oocyte maturation and changes in the hemolymph peptide concentrations. Effects of peptides application and 20E were also investigated. Injection of dsRNAaaNAT strongly suppressed oocyte maturation, transcription of Vg1, Vg2, VgR, and genes encoding JH acid- and farnesoate O-methyltransferases (JHAMT and FAMeT, respectively) acting in the JH biosynthetic pathway. However, it did not affect hemolymph concentrations of CCAP and sNPF. Injection of CCAP stimulated, while sNPF suppressed oocyte maturation and Vgs/VgR transcription, i.e., acting as allatomedins. Injection of CCAP promoted, while sNPF repressed ecdysteroid (20E) synthesis, particularly at the second step of Vg uptake. 20E also affected the JH biosynthetic pathway and Vg/VgR synthesis. The results revealed that on the course of vitellogenesis, JH- and 20E-mediated regulation occurs downstream to indoleamines- and peptides-mediated regulations. Intricate mutual interactions of these regulatory routes must orchestrate reproduction in this species at the highest potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. M. Kamruzzaman
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Azam Mikani
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran;
| | - Amr A. Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (M.T.); Tel.: +2-0106-943-1998 (A.A.M.); +81-78-982-2531/070-4425-68319 (M.T.)
| | - Azza M. Elgendy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Makio Takeda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (M.T.); Tel.: +2-0106-943-1998 (A.A.M.); +81-78-982-2531/070-4425-68319 (M.T.)
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Batz ZA, Armbruster PA. Diapause-associated changes in the lipid and metabolite profiles of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb189480. [PMID: 30385483 PMCID: PMC6307873 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.189480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diapause is an alternative life-history strategy that allows organisms to enter developmental arrest in anticipation of unfavorable conditions. Diapause is widespread among insects and plays a key role in enhancing overwinter survival as well as defining the seasonal and geographic distributions of populations. Next-generation sequencing has greatly advanced our understanding of the transcriptional basis for this crucial adaptation but less is known about the regulation of embryonic diapause physiology at the metabolite level. Here, we characterized the lipid and metabolite profiles of embryonic diapause in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus We used an untargeted approach to capture the relative abundance of 250 lipids and 241 metabolites. We observed adjustments associated with increased energy storage, including an accumulation of lipids, the formation of larger lipid droplets and increased lipogenesis, as well as metabolite shifts suggesting reduced energy utilization. We also found changes in neuroregulatory- and insulin-associated metabolites with potential roles in diapause regulation. Finally, we detected a group of unidentified, diapause-specific metabolites which have physical properties similar to those of steroids/steroid derivatives and may be associated with the ecdysteroidal regulation of embryonic diapause in A.albopictus Together, these results deepen our understanding of the metabolic regulation of embryonic diapause and identify key targets for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Batz
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Peter A Armbruster
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Taguchi S, Iwami M, Kiya T. Identification and Characterization of Novel Genes Expressed Preferentially in the Corpora Allata or Corpora Cardiaca During the Juvenile Hormone Synthetic Period in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:398-405. [DOI: 10.2108/zs170069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syusaku Taguchi
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Iwami
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Kiya
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Identification of ten mevalonate enzyme-encoding genes and their expression in response to juvenile hormone levels in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Gene 2016; 584:136-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brent CS, Miyasaki K, Vuong C, Miranda B, Steele B, Brent KG, Nath R. Regulatory roles of biogenic amines and juvenile hormone in the reproductive behavior of the western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus). J Comp Physiol B 2015; 186:169-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kaneko Y, Hiruma K. Allatotropin inhibits juvenile hormone biosynthesis by the corpora allata of adult Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 80:15-21. [PMID: 25617687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by the corpora allata (CA) does not occur during the pupal stage in both male and female Bombyx mori but begins shortly before adult ecdysis and thereafter only in females. JH biosynthesis in female adults was prevented by allatotropin (AT) through the corpora cardiaca (CC) and the tightly attached oesophagus before adult ecdysis, but after ecdysis, removal of the CC had little effect and only the oesophagus was necessary for AT to prevent JH synthesis. AT could not prevent JH synthesis by the CA alone in either stage. Short neuropeptide F (sNPF) acted directly on the CA, preventing JH biosynthesis without preventing the JH biosynthetic enzymes before adult ecdysis, but had little effect after ecdysis, indicating that the action of AT was not via sNPF. The inhibition of JH synthesis by AT was indirect. Both AT and a factor(s) from the AT-stimulated oesophagus through the CC were necessary for the inhibitory action, which was due to the prevention of some of the JH biosynthetic enzymes. These results clearly show that AT prevents JH synthesis in adult CA in B. mori, although AT stimulates JH biosynthesis by the CA in several insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kaneko
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hiruma
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Characterization of the juvenile hormone pathway in the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117291. [PMID: 25706877 PMCID: PMC4338245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormones (JHs) are key regulators of insect development and reproduction. The JH biosynthetic pathway is known to involve 13 discrete enzymatic steps. In the present study, we have characterized the JH biosynthetic pathway in the cockroach Diploptera punctata. The effect of exogenous JH precursors on JH biosynthesis was also determined. Based on sequence similarity, orthologs for the genes directly involved in the pathway were cloned, and their spatial and temporal transcript profiles were determined. The effect of shutting down the JH pathway in adult female cockroaches was studied by knocking down genes encoding HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) and Juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT). As a result, oocyte development slowed as a consequence of reduction in JH biosynthesis. Oocyte length, fat body transcription of Vg and ovarian vitellin content significantly decreased. In addition, silencing HMGR and JHAMT resulted in a decrease in the transcript levels of other genes in the pathway.
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Characterization of an invertebrate-type dopamine receptor of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:629-53. [PMID: 24398985 PMCID: PMC3907829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated a cDNA coding for a putative invertebrate-type dopamine receptor (Peadop2) from P. americana brain by using a PCR-based strategy. The mRNA is present in samples from brain and salivary glands. We analyzed the distribution of the PeaDOP2 receptor protein with specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies. On Western blots, PeaDOP2 was detected in protein samples from brain, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and salivary glands. In immunocytochemical experiments, we detected PeaDOP2 in neurons with their somata being located at the anterior edge of the medulla bilaterally innervating the optic lobes and projecting to the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. In order to determine the functional and pharmacological properties of the cloned receptor, we generated a cell line constitutively expressing PeaDOP2. Activation of PeaDOP2-expressing cells with dopamine induced an increase in intracellular cAMP. In contrast, a C-terminally truncated splice variant of this receptor did not exhibit any functional property by itself. The molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first dopamine receptor from P. americana provides the basis for forthcoming studies focusing on the significance of the dopaminergic system in cockroach behavior and physiology.
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Nijhout HF, Riddiford LM, Mirth C, Shingleton AW, Suzuki Y, Callier V. The developmental control of size in insects. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 3:113-34. [PMID: 24902837 PMCID: PMC4048863 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that control the sizes of a body and its many parts remain among the great puzzles in developmental biology. Why do animals grow to a species-specific body size, and how is the relative growth of their body parts controlled to so they grow to the right size, and in the correct proportion with body size, giving an animal its species-characteristic shape? Control of size must involve mechanisms that somehow assess some aspect of size and are upstream of mechanisms that regulate growth. These mechanisms are now beginning to be understood in the insects, in particular in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. The control of size requires control of the rate of growth and control of the cessation of growth. Growth is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Insulin and ecdysone, their receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways are the principal genetic regulators of growth. The secretion of these growth hormones, in turn, is controlled by complex interactions of other endocrine and molecular mechanisms, by environmental factors such as nutrition, and by the physiological mechanisms that sense body size. Although the general mechanisms of growth regulation appear to be widely shared, the mechanisms that regulate final size can be quite diverse.
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Brain norepinephrine identified by mass spectrometry is associated with reproductive status of females of the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 168:70-5. [PMID: 24239678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several biogenic amines, including controversial presence of norepinephrine (NE), were identified by the high performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in brain complexes of adult females of Pyrrhocoris apterus. Quantitative analysis was performed by the high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detector. Levels of NE, dopamine (DA), octopamine (OA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in brain complexes were measured in reproductive vs. diapause females. In field collected samples, levels of NE and DA were significantly higher in reproductive (May) than in non-reproductive (Sep, Oct, Feb) females. In laboratory females, NE is higher in long day photoperiod (reproduction) than in short day photoperiod (diapause) already from the first week of the adult age, while DA shows differences between the two contrasting photoperiods only from the second week of the adult age. No association between reproductive status and levels of OA and 5-HT was found.
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Geddes LH, McQuillan HJ, Aiken A, Vergoz V, Mercer AR. Steroid hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone) modulates the acquisition of aversive olfactory memories in pollen forager honeybees. Learn Mem 2013; 20:399-409. [DOI: 10.1101/lm.030825.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Hiruma K, Kaneko Y. Hormonal Regulation of Insect Metamorphosis with Special Reference to Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2013; 103:73-100. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385979-2.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Gruntenko NЕ, Laukhina OV, Rauschenbach IY. Role of D1- and D2-like receptors in age-specific regulation of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone levels by dopamine in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1534-1540. [PMID: 23017333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila females, the precursor of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), ecdysone, is synthesized in the ovary follicular cells. Juvenile hormone (JH) is synthesized de novo in the specialized endocrine gland, corpus allatum (CA); JH degradation is carried out by the enzymes synthesized in the fat body (FB). Earlier we have shown that in Drosophila females, dopamine up- or down-regulates 20E and JH levels depending on the developmental stage. The present study focuses on the role of D1- and D2-like receptors in the age-specific regulation of 20E and JH metabolism by dopamine. We show that in Drosophila melanogaster females D1- and D2-like receptor genes (DopR and DD2R accordingly) are expressed in CA and FB, but not in follicular cells. The level of DopR expression in CA is much higher in the young than in the mature females, whereas DD2R expression is much higher in the mature than in the young females. The DopR and DD2R expression patterns in FB are opposite to those observed in CA. In addition, we obtained data suggesting that the age-specific changes of DopR and DD2R expression in FB are under the control of 20E.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Е Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Gruntenko NЕ, Laukhina OV, Bogomolova EV, Karpova EK, Menshanov PN, Romanova IV, Rauschenbach IY. Downregulation of the dopamine D2-like receptor in corpus allatum affects juvenile hormone synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster females. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:348-355. [PMID: 22206888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila, juvenile hormone (JH) is synthesized de novo in the specialized endocrine gland, corpusallatum (CA). Dopamine (DA) controls JH levels by either stimulating or inhibiting its synthesis and degradation depending on the developmental stage. The present study focuses on the role of D2-like receptors in the regulation of JH synthesis by dopamine. We show that D2-like receptors (DD2R) are expressed in CA cells of Drosophila melanogaster females. In addition, the level of JH production was analyzed in D. melanogaster females with decreased DD2R expression in CA (vs. corresponding control flies) by assessing multiple indices of JH synthesis (JH-hydrolyzing activity and stress reactivity of the system of JH metabolism, activity and stress reactivity of the alkaline phosphatase, activity and stress reactivity of the tyrosine decarboxylase). The differential value obtained for each index suggests increased JH production in female flies that downregulate DD2R. Based on these findings, we postulate that the DA inhibiting effect on the JH synthesis in D. melanogaster is mediated at least in part via D2-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Е Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Kaneko Y, Kinjoh T, Kiuchi M, Hiruma K. Stage-specific regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis by ecdysteroid in Bombyx mori. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:204-10. [PMID: 21256183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the penultimate (4th) instar larvae of Bombyx mori, juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by corpora allata (CA) fluctuates. When diet containing 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was fed, JH synthetic activity of the CA was first stimulated as the ecdysteroid titer increased, then suppressed slightly by the higher molting concentration of ecdysteroids (>250 ng/ml). The overall JH biosynthetic activity was modulated by the expression of JH biosynthetic enzymes in the CA: primarily JH acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, and farnesyl diphosphate synthase 1. After the last (5th) larval ecdysis, the artificially increased high ecdysteroid level due to the 20E diet activated JH synthesis by the CA, which required intact nervous connections with the brain. A factor(s) from the 20E-activated brain controls mainly JHAMT and HMG Co-A reductase expression to stimulate the JH synthesis. In the normal last instar larvae, the ecdysteroid titer declines so that these activation mechanisms are absent; therefore the decline of the ecdysteroid titer after the final larval ecdysis is one of the factors which induces the cessation of the JH synthesis by CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kaneko
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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17
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Rauschenbach IY, Bogomolova EV, Karpova EK, Adonyeva NV, Faddeeva NV, Menshanov PN, Gruntenko NE. Mechanisms of age-specific regulation of dopamine metabolism by juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in Drosophila females. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 181:19-26. [PMID: 20878329 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) have an age-specific effect on total dopamine (DA) content in Drosophila (Gruntenko and Rauschenbach 2008). Earlier we studied the mechanism of influence of 20E and JH on DA metabolism in young females (Rauschenbach et al. in J Insect Physiol 53:587-591, 2007a: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 65:95-102, 2008a; Gruntenko et al. in Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 72:263-269, 2009). Here we investigate the effects of 20E and JH on the activities of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) in mature females of wild type D. virilis under normal conditions and under heat stress (38°C). 20E feeding of the flies led to a substantial decrease in ALP and TH activities and to an increase in AANAT activity in mature females. JH application resulted in an increasing of ALP and TH activities, but did not influence AANAT activity in mature females. A rise in JH and 20E levels was found to change ALP and TH stress reactivities. Mechanisms of age-specific regulation of DA level by 20E and JH in Drosophila females are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave., 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Gruntenko NE, Karpova EK, Chentsova NA, Adonyeva NV, Rauschenbach IY. 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone influence tyrosine hydroxylase activity in Drosophila females under normal and heat stress conditions. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 72:263-272. [PMID: 19802901 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) on the activity of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first and rate-limiting DA biosynthetic enzyme, has been studied in young females of wild type D. virilis and D. melanogaster under normal conditions and under heat stress (38 degrees C). Both 20E feeding of the flies and JH application led to a substantial rise in TH activity. A rise in JH and 20E levels was found not to prevent the response of TH to heat stress, but to change the intensity of its response to the stress exposure. Putative mechanisms of regulation of DA level by 20E and JH in Drosophila females are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Ave. #10, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ueda H, Shinoda T, Hiruma K. Spatial expression of the mevalonate enzymes involved in juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpora allata in Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:798-804. [PMID: 19414014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The developmental expressions of the mRNA of JH synthetic enzymes have been studied using homogenates of the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complexes in Bombyx mori [Kinjoh, T., Kaneko, Y., Itoyama, K., Mita, K., Hiruma, K., Shinoda, T., 2007. Control of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Bombyx mori: cloning of the enzymes in the mevalonate pathway and assessment of their developmental expression in the corpora allata. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 37, 808-818]. The in situ hybridization analyses in the CC-CA complex showed that the distribution of the mRNAs of all the mevalonate enzymes and juvenile hormone (JH) acid O-methyltransferase occurred only in the CA cells, indicating that the fluctuations of the enzyme mRNA amounts in the CC-CA complexes were derived solely from the CA. In addition, the size of the CA and their nuclei was not associated with the JH synthetic activity by the CA until the pharate adult. Only female adult CA synthesized JH in B. mori, and the CA and the nuclei were significantly larger than those of male CA which do not synthesize JH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ueda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
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20
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Gruntenko NE, Rauschenbach IY. Interplay of JH, 20E and biogenic amines under normal and stress conditions and its effect on reproduction. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:902-8. [PMID: 18511066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) are well known to play a gonadotropic role in adult insects. In Drosophila the mechanism of reciprocal regulation of JH and 20E is shown to be responsible for their proper balance. Dopamine is a mediator in this JH and 20E interplay. A proper balance between JH and 20E is crucial for the normal progress of oogenesis. An imbalance of gonadotropins leads to reproductive defects: a rise in JH titre leads to oviposition arrest, a rise in 20E level, to the degradation of vitellogenic oocytes. Upon a change in the level of one of the gonadotropins, the balance is restored owing to the relative change in the titre of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Laboratory of Stress Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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21
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Rauschenbach IY, Adonyeva NV, Alekseev AA, Chentsova NA, Gruntenko NE. Role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase in regulation of biogenic amines levels by gonadotropins in Drosophila. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 178:315-20. [PMID: 18038140 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) on the activity of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) was studied in young females of wild-type D. virilis and D. melanogaster. 20E feeding of the flies led to a decrease in AANAT activity in both species when dopamine (DA) was used as substrate, but did not affect the enzyme activity when octopamine (OA) was used as substrate. JH application increased AANAT activity with DA as substrate in both species, but did not change it with OA as substrate. AANAT activity was also measured in young females of a JH-deficient strain of D. melanogaster, apterous ( 56f ). A decrease in the enzyme activity was observed in the mutant females as compared to wild-type. Mechanisms of regulation of DA level by gonadotropins in Drosophila are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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22
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Rauschenbach IY, Gruntenko NE, Chentsova NA, Adonyeva NV, Alekseev AA. Role of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase in regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone levels by juvenile hormone and biogenic amines in Drosophila. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 178:27-32. [PMID: 17703313 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of increased levels of dopamine (feeding flies with dopamine precursor, L: -dihydroxyphenylalanine) and octopamine (feeding flies with octopamine) on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in young (2 days old) wild type females (the strain wt) of Drosophila virilis have been studied. L: -dihydroxyphenylalanine and octopamine feeding increases ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity by a factor of 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in the young (1 day old) octopamineless females of the strain Tbetah ( nM18 ), in females of the strain P845 (precursor of Tbetah ( nM18 ) strain) and in wild type females (Canton S) of Drosophila melanogaster have been measured. The absence of octopamine leads to a considerable decrease in the enzyme activity. We have also studied the effects of juvenile hormone application on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity in 2-day-old wt females of D. virilis and demonstrated that an increase in juvenile hormone titre leads to an increase in the enzyme activity. We discuss the supposition that ecdysone 20-monooxygenase occupies a key position in the regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone titre under the conditions that lead to changes in juvenile hormone titre and biogenic amine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev ave., 10, Novosibirsk , 630090, Russia.
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23
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Rauschenbach IY, Bogomolova EV, Gruntenko NE, Adonyeva NV, Chentsova NA. Effects of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone on alkaline phosphatase activity in Drosophila under normal and heat stress conditions. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:587-91. [PMID: 17433361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the juvenile hormone (JH) on the activity of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been studied in young females of wild-type Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster under normal conditions and under heat stress (38 degrees C). Both 20E feeding of the flies and JH application led to a substantial rise in ALP activity. ALP activity was also measured in young females of a JH-deficient strain of D. melanogaster, apterous(56f). A decrease in the enzyme activity was observed in the mutant females as compared to wild type. A rise in JH and 20E levels was found not to prevent the response of ALP to heat stress, but to change its stress-reactivity. Mechanisms of regulation of dopamine (DA) level by gonadotropins in Drosophila are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yu Rauschenbach
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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24
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Rauschenbach IY, Karpova EK, Gruntenko NE, Saprykina ZV, Shumnaya LV, Faddeeva NV. Biogenic amines regulate the reproductive function in Drosophila as neurohormones. Russ J Dev Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360407010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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The ecdysoneless 1 Gene Regulates Metabolism of the Juvenile Hormone and Dopamine in Drosophila melanogaster. RUSS J GENET+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11177-005-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Liu HP, Lin SC, Lin CY, Yeh SR, Chiang AS. Glutamate-gated chloride channels inhibit juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the cockroach, Diploptera punctata. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 35:1260-8. [PMID: 16203207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) synthesized and released from endocrine gland corpus allatum (CA) plays an important role in insect metamorphosis, vitellogenesis and reproduction. Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system and its activated receptors possess excitatory and inhibitory forms in muscle fibers of invertebrates. Previously, we have shown that the rise of intracellular calcium through excitatory glutamate receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA-type channels stimulates JH synthesis in the cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of inhibitory chloride permeable glutamate (GluCl) receptors on CA cell membranes. Application of the GluCl channel activators, ibotenic acid (Ibo) and ivermectin, but not gamma-aminobutyric acid caused a decline in JH synthesis in glands of either high or low activity during the gonadotrophic cycle. Also, while recording the membrane potential of the isolated whole CA glands intracellularly, Ibo induced a hyperpolarizated response. Both changes in the membrane potential and inhibition of JH synthesis could be abolished by the application of the chloride channel blocker picrotoxin. Finally, we found both excitatory and inhibitory glutamate receptors cause antagonistic effects on rates of JH synthesis. These results indicate a novel function of GluCl channels in the inhibition of JH synthesis that could be a potential pathway for developing a new generation of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ping Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
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27
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Gruntenko NE, Karpova EK, Alekseev AA, Chentsova NA, Saprykina ZV, Bownes M, Rauschenbach IY. Effects of dopamine on juvenile hormone metabolism and fitness in Drosophila virilis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:959-68. [PMID: 15967456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dopamine (DA) on juvenile hormone (JH) metabolism and fitness (estimated as fecundity and viability levels under heat stress (38 degrees C)) in Drosophila virilis have been studied. An increase of DA level obtained by feeding with DA reduced fitness of wild-type (wt) flies under stress, and decreased JH degradation in young wt females while increasing it in sexually mature wt females. A decrease in DA levels resulted from 3-iodo-tyrosine treatment and caused a decrease in JH degradation in sexually mature wt and heat sensitive (hs) mutant females (DA level in hs females is twice as high in wt females). A dramatic decrease in viability under stress and fecundity under normal conditions in wt, but not hs, females was observed. 3-iodo-tyrosine treatment also reduced the number of oocytes at stages 8-14, delayed oocyte transition to stage 10 and resulted in the accumulation of mature eggs in wt females. It delayed maturation of wt, but not hs, males as well, but did not affect their fertility. This advances our understanding of the regulation of JH metabolism by DA in Drosophila and suggests a crucial role for the basal DA level in fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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28
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Beggs KT, Hamilton IS, Kurshan PT, Mustard JA, Mercer AR. Characterization of a D2-like dopamine receptor (AmDOP3) in honey bee, Apis mellifera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 35:873-82. [PMID: 15944083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems and is widely distributed in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. We report here the functional characterization and cellular localization of the putative dopamine receptor gene, Amdop3, a cDNA clone isolated and identified in previous studies as AmBAR3 (Apis mellifera Biogenic Amine Receptor 3). The Amdop3 cDNA encodes a 694 amino acid protein, AmDOP3. Comparison of AmDOP3 to Drosophila melanogaster sequences indicates that it is orthologous to the D2-like dopamine receptor, DD2R. Using AmDOP3 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells we show that of the endogenous biogenic amines, dopamine is the most potent AmDOP3 agonist, and that activation of AmDOP3 receptors results in down regulation of intracellular levels of cAMP, a property characteristic of D2-like dopamine receptors. In situ hybridization reveals that Amdop3 is widely expressed in the brain but shows a pattern of expression that differs from that of either Amdop1 or Amdop2, both of which encode D1-like dopamine receptors. Nonetheless, overlaps in the distribution of cells expressing Amdop1, Amdop2 and Amdop3 mRNAs suggest the likelihood of D1:D2 receptor interactions in some cells, including subpopulations of mushroom body neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Beggs
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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29
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Gruntenko NE, Karpova EK, Adonyeva NV, Chentsova NA, Faddeeva NV, Alekseev AA, Rauschenbach IY. Juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and dopamine interaction in Drosophila virilis reproduction under normal and nutritional stress conditions. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:417-25. [PMID: 15890185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of the juvenile hormone (JH) in the control of Drosophila reproduction under stress, JH degradation, dopamine (DA) content and reproduction were studied upon 20E treatment in Drosophila virilis females of wild type (wt) and a mutant, with increased 20E level and decreased fertility, under normal and nutritional stress conditions. 20E treatment of wt flies for 7 days results in an increase of DA content in young females, but a decrease in mature females, a decrease of JH degradation in both young and mature females, an 1-day delay in onset of oviposition and a decrease of fecundity to the level typical of mutant flies. One day of 20E treatment in 7-day-old fed and starved flies results in a small decrease of JH degradation in the fed females and a great decrease in the starved ones. Fecundity decreases in the fed flies to the levels of the starved untreated flies in both wt and mutant strains. An oviposition arrest is observed in the treated and the untreated starved, but not in the treated fed, females of both strains. The data obtained suggest ecdysone control of JH metabolism mediated via DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Stress Genetics, ICG SD RAS, Novosibirsk
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30
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Gruntenko N, Chentsova NA, Bogomolova EV, Karpova EK, Glazko GV, Faddeeva NV, Monastirioti M, Rauschenbach IY. The effect of mutations altering biogenic amine metabolism in Drosophila on viability and the response to environmental stresses. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 55:55-67. [PMID: 14745823 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) content, tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) activity and survival were studied under normal and environmental stress conditions in the ste and e strains carrying ebony mutation increasing DA level and the octopamineless strain Tbetah(nM18) of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type strains Canton S and Oregon R, and strain p845 from which Tbetah(nM18) strain was derived were used as controls. Sexual dimorphism of TDC activity, DA content, and survival in flies of all D. melanogaster strains under study was found. Tbetah(nM18) mutation sharply reduced TDC activity in females, while ebony had no such effect. DA content and survival under heat stress in Tbetah(nM18) flies did not differ from those in the wild type. ste and e flies had drastically increased DA content under normal conditions, dramatically decreased survival under heat stress, but increased survival under starvation. DA content and survival under heat stress were also studied in the reciprocal hybrids (males) F(1) of the cross D. virilis strains 101 (wild type) and 147 with X-linked mutation, which significantly increases DA content. 147x101 males had a considerably higher DA content and lower survival than 101x147 ones. Individuals of all D. melanogaster strains under study developed the stress reaction, as judged by changes in TDC activity and DA levels. The role of biogenic amines in the stress reaction development and adaptation to environmental stresses in Drosophila is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 55:55-67, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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31
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Noguchi H, Tsuzuki S, Tanaka K, Matsumoto H, Hiruma K, Hayakawa Y. Isolation and characterization of a dopa decarboxylase cDNA and the induction of its expression by an insect cytokine, growth-blocking peptide in Pseudaletia separata. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 33:209-217. [PMID: 12535679 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasitization by the wasp, Cotesia kariyai, elevates the concentration of an insect cytokine, growth-blocking peptide (GBP), in hemolymph of last instar Pseudaletis separata larvae. The increase of epidermal and hemolymph dopamine level is associated with the GBP increase. Both GBP and dopamine disturb host development and metamorphosis (Hayakawa, 1995). Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) converts Dopa to dopamine, and its cDNA was isolated from P. separata, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed that it was highly homologous to other lepidopteran DDCs, showing 96, 90 and 86% identity with those of Mamestra brassicae, Bombyx mori, and Manduca sexta, respectively. A 3.2 kb DDC mRNA transcript was constitutively expressed at low levels in the epidermis, brain-nerve cord and hemocytes, and the expression was enhanced by injection of GBP in these tissues. Detailed characterization of the DDC mRNA expression in the epidermis showed that its expression reached a plateau 3 hr after the injection. DDC activity and DDC protein (55 kDa) level mirrored the mRNA expression. Immunocytochemistry with anti-DDC antibody confirmed that the enhanced DDC expression was localized in the epidermal cells. Dopamine concentration in the epidermis gradually increased and reached maximum 6 hr after the injection. When the epidermis of Day 1 last instar larvae was cultured in vitro in the presence of GBP, DDC mRNA increased, indicating that GBP acted on the epidermal cells directly to induce expression of the DDC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Noguchi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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32
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Hearn MG, Ren Y, McBride EW, Reveillaud I, Beinborn M, Kopin AS. A Drosophila dopamine 2-like receptor: Molecular characterization and identification of multiple alternatively spliced variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:14554-9. [PMID: 12391323 PMCID: PMC137921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.202498299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of both Drosophila and mammals. Despite the evolutionary distance, functional parallels exist between the fly and mammalian dopaminergic systems, with both playing roles in modulating locomotor activity, sexual function, and the response to drugs of abuse. In mammals, dopamine exerts its effects through either dopamine 1-like (D1-like) or D2-like G protein-coupled receptors. Although pharmacologic data suggest the presence of both receptor subtypes in insects, only cDNAs encoding D1-like proteins have been isolated previously. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a newly discovered Drosophila dopamine receptor. Sequence analysis reveals that this putative protein shares highest homology with known mammalian dopamine 2-like receptors. Eight isoforms of the Drosophila D2-like receptor (DD2R) transcript have been identified, each the result of alternative splicing. The encoded heptahelical receptors range in size from 461 to 606 aa, with variability in the length and sequence of the third intracellular loop. Pharmacologic assessment of three DD2R isoforms, DD2R-606, DD2R-506, and DD2R-461, revealed that among the endogenous biogenic amines, dopamine is most potent at each receptor. As established for mammalian D2-like receptors, stimulation of the Drosophila homologs with dopamine triggers pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o-mediated signaling. The D2-like receptor agonist, bromocriptine, has nanomolar potency at DD2R-606, -506, and -461, whereas multiple D2-like receptor antagonists (as established with mammalian receptors) have markedly reduced if any affinity when assessed at the fly receptor isoforms. The isolation of cDNAs encoding Drosophila D2-like receptors extends the range of apparent parallels between the dopaminergic system in flies and mammals. Pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of the DD2Rs will provide the opportunity to better define the physiologic role of these proteins in vivo and further explore the utility of invertebrates as a model system for understanding dopaminergic function in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Hearn
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Box 7703, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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33
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Lee KY, Horodyski FM. Restriction of nutrient intake results in the increase of a specific Manduca sexta allatotropin (Manse-AT) mRNA in the larval nerve cord. Peptides 2002; 23:653-61. [PMID: 11897384 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Manduca allatotropin (Manse-AT) gene is expressed as three mRNAs that differ from each other by alternative splicing. The level of one of these mRNAs (RNA-3) is specifically increased in the nerve cord of last instar larvae that were starved, parasitized, or fed the ecdysteroid agonist RH-5992. Each of these treatments results in reduction of feeding and increased levels of juvenile hormone (JH). The normal decline in JH biosynthesis by the corpora allata does not occur in starved or RH-5992-fed larvae. The increase in RNA-3 levels has the capacity to increase the production of Manse-AT and two related peptides that may be part of the complex response of larvae to nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Yeoll Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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34
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Borst DW, Wainwright G, Rees HH. In vivo regulation of the mandibular organ in the edible crab, Cancer pagurus. Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:483-90. [PMID: 11886640 PMCID: PMC1690911 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that methyl farnesoate (MF) production by the crustacean mandibular organs is negatively regulated by neuropeptides from the sinus gland (SG) in the eyestalk. In the crab Cancer pagurus, two neuropeptides (MO-IH-1 and -2) have been isolated from the SG that inhibit MF synthesis by mandibular organs of female crabs in vitro. To test their activity in vivo, we treated eyestalk-ablated male crabs with SG extracts (SGEs) or MO-IH-1 and -2. SGEs reduced haemolymph levels of MF by 60-80%, while MO-IH-1 and -2 had little effect. Protease treatment of SGEs destroyed the in vivo activity, suggesting that the extract contains an additional peptide responsible for the in vivo activity. When separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the in vivo activity eluted in fractions prior to MO-IH-1 and -2. When mandibular organs were removed from animals previously treated in vivo with these active fractions, they had reduced levels of MF synthesis and activity of farnesoic acid O-methyl transferase compared with mandibular organs from animals treated with saline. Together, these results indicate that the regulation of the crustacean mandibular organ is complex and may involve several SG compounds. Some of these compounds (i.e., MO-IH-1 and -2) act directly on the tissue while others affect the mandibular organ indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Borst
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA.
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35
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Chiang AS, Lin WY, Liu HP, Pszczolkowski MA, Fu TF, Chiu SL, Holbrook GL. Insect NMDA receptors mediate juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:37-42. [PMID: 11773617 PMCID: PMC117510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.012318899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDAR) appears to play a role in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and pituitary activity. However, functional NMDAR have not yet been characterized in insects. We have now demonstrated immunohistochemically glutamatergic nerve terminals in the corpora allata of an adult female cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Cockroach corpus allatum (CA) cells, exposed to NMDA in vitro, exhibited elevated cytosolic [Ca(2+)], but not in culture medium nominally free of calcium or containing NMDAR-specific channel blockers: MK-801 and Mg(2+). Sensitivity of cockroach corpora allata to NMDA changed cyclically during the ovarian cycle. Highly active glands of 4-day-old mated females, exposed to 3 microM NMDA, produced 70% more juvenile hormone (JH) in vitro, but the relatively inactive glands of 8-day-old mated females showed little response to the agonist. The stimulatory effect of NMDA was eliminated by augmenting the culture medium with MK-801, conantokin, or high Mg(2+). Having obtained substantive evidence of functioning NMDAR in insect corpora allata, we used reverse transcription PCR to demonstrate two mRNA transcripts, DNMDAR1 and DNMDAR2, in the ring gland and brain of last-instar Drosophila melanogaster. Immunohistochemical labeling, using mouse monoclonal antibody against rat NMDAR1, showed that only one of the three types of endocrine cells in the ring gland, CA cells, expressed rat NMDAR1-like immunoreactive protein. This antibody also labeled two brain neurons in the lateral protocerebrum, one neuron per brain hemisphere. Finally, we used the same primers for DNMDAR1 to demonstrate a fragment of putative NMDA receptor in the corpora allata of Diploptera punctata. Our results suggest that the NMDAR has a role in regulating JH synthesis and that ionotropic-subtype glutamate receptors became specialized early in animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.
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36
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Blenau W, Baumann A. Molecular and pharmacological properties of insect biogenic amine receptors: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 48:13-38. [PMID: 11519073 DOI: 10.1002/arch.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) of both vertebrates and invertebrates, biogenic amines are important neuroactive molecules. Physiologically, they can act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or neurohormones. Biogenic amines control and regulate various vital functions including circadian rhythms, endocrine secretion, cardiovascular control, emotions, as well as learning and memory. In insects, amines like dopamine, tyramine, octopamine, serotonin, and histamine exert their effects by binding to specific membrane proteins that primarily belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Especially in Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera considerable progress has been achieved during the last few years towards the understanding of the functional role of these receptors and their intracellular signaling systems. In this review, the present knowledge on the biochemical, molecular, and pharmacological properties of biogenic amine receptors from Drosophila and Apis will be summarized. Arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Blenau
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Sasaki K, Nagao T. Distribution and levels of dopamine and its metabolites in brains of reproductive workers in honeybees. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 47:1205-1216. [PMID: 12770199 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(01)00105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To explore the role of dopamine and its metabolites for change of reproductive states of workers in honeybees (Apis mellifera), brain levels of dopamine relative substances were measured and localized in both normal workers and queenless workers. Dopamine and two possible metabolites of dopamine, N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and norepinephrine were detected in brain extracts. The brain levels of dopamine, NADA and norepinephrine were positively correlated with ovary development. Individuals with high dopamine levels had high levels of NADA or norepinephrine, suggesting that these metabolites might be involved in the change of reproductive sates of workers. Dopamine was distributed mainly in the protocerebrum, whereas NADA was in both the optic lobes and the protocerebrum. Dopamine levels in each distinct brain regions were higher in queenless workers than in normal workers, whereas there was a higher NADA level in the optic lobes in queenless workers than in normal workers. These results suggest that dopamine might be stored and/or released around the protocerebrum and the deutocerebrum, and also diffuse to the optic lobes where dopamine secretory cells are absent, resulting in high NADA levels in the optic lobes. The different manner of level changes of dopamine and its metabolites in each brain region might cause compound behavioural modulations in reproductive workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary and Medical Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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Borst DW, Ogan J, Tsukimura B, Claerhout T, Holford KC. Regulation of the Crustacean Mandibular Organ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/41.3.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Granger NA, Ebersohl R, Sparks TC. Pharmacological characterization of dopamine receptors in the corpus allatum of Manduca sexta larvae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:755-766. [PMID: 10876119 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine receptors previously identified in corpora allata (CA) of Manduca sexta last instars on the basis of dopamine effects on JH (juvenile hormone)/JH acid biosynthesis and cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation, were characterized pharmacologically. For this study, a broad spectrum of agonists or antagonists of D1, D2, D3 or D4 dopamine receptors, together with the dopamine metabolite N-acetyl-dopamine, other neurotransmitters and their agonists/antagonists, were tested for their effects on gland activity and cAMP production. The lack of effect of other neurotransmitters supports the specificity of the effect of dopamine and the dopamine specificity of the receptors. Only the D2 receptor antagonist spiperone had a potent effect on JH biosynthesis and cAMP formation by CA taken on day 0 of the last stadium, when dopamine stimulates both activities and thus appears to be acting via a D1-like receptor. Several other D2 receptor antagonists, and D1, D2/D1 and D4,3/D2 receptor antagonists were less effective. Thus, the D1-like receptor of the Manduca CA appears to be distinct pharmacologically from vertebrate D1 receptors. By contrast, a number of D2 agonists/antagonists had a significant effect on JH acid biosynthesis and cAMP production by the CA from day 6 of the last stadium, when dopamine inhibits both activities and thus appears to be acting via a D2-like receptor. Certain D1-specific agonists/antagonists were equally effective. The Manduca D2-like receptor therefore bears some pharmacological resemblance to vertebrate D2 receptors. N-acetyl dopamine acted as a dopamine agonist with day 6 CA, the first identified function for an N-acetylated biogenic amine in insects. Dopamine was found to have the same differential affect on the formation of cAMP in homogenates of day 0 and day 6 brains as it did with CA, and in the same concentration range. Dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists affecting cAMP formation by day 0 and day 6 CA homogenates had similar effects with brain homogenates. By contrast, dopamine only stimulated cAMP formation by homogenates of day 0 and day 6 abdominal or ventral nerve cord. These results suggest that D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors of Manduca are regionally as well as temporally localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Granger
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Campus Box 7090, Taylor Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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41
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Gruntenko NE, Wilson TG, Monastirioti M, Rauschenbach IY. Stress-reactivity and juvenile hormone degradation in Drosophila melanogaster strains having stress-related mutations. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:775-783. [PMID: 10876121 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) degradation was studied under normal and stress conditions in young and matured females of Drosophila melanogaster strains having mutations in different genes involved in responses to stress It was shown that (1) the impairment in heat shock response elicits an alteration in stress-reactivity of the JH system; (2) the impairment JH reception causes a decrease of JH-hydrolysing activity and of stress-reactivity in young females, while in mature ones stress reactivity is completely absent; (3) the absence of octopamine results in higher JH-hydrolysis level under normal conditions and altered JH stress-reactivity; (4) the higher dopamine content elicits a dramatic decrease of JH degradation under normal conditions and of JH stress-reactivity. Thus, the impairments in any component of the Drosophila stress reaction result in changes in the reponse of JH degradation system to stress. The role of JH in the development of the insect stress reaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gilbert LI, Granger NA, Roe RM. The juvenile hormones: historical facts and speculations on future research directions. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:617-644. [PMID: 10876106 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L I Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Campus Box #3280 Coker Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA.
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Andretic R, Hirsh J. Circadian modulation of dopamine receptor responsiveness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:1873-8. [PMID: 10677549 PMCID: PMC26529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.4.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/1999] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the circadian function of Drosophila dopamine receptors by using a behaviorally active decapitated preparation that allows for direct application of drugs to the nerve cord. Quinpirole, a D2-like dopamine receptor agonist, induces reflexive locomotion in decapitated flies. We show that the amount of locomotion induced changes as a function of the time of day, with the highest responsiveness to quinpirole during the subjective night. Furthermore, dopamine receptor responsiveness is under circadian control and depends on the normal function of the period gene. The head pacemaker is at least partly dispensable for the circadian modulation of quinpirole-induced locomotion, because changes in agonist responsiveness persist in decapitated flies that are aged for 12 h. This finding suggests a role for the period-dependent molecular oscillators in the body in the modulation of amine receptor responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Andretic
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Pszczolkowski MA, Lee WS, Liu HP, Chiang AS. Glutamate-induced rise in cytosolic calcium concentration stimulates in vitro rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in corpus allatum of Diploptera punctata. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 158:163-71. [PMID: 10630416 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We show that in a cockroach, Diploptera punctata, endocrine function of the corpus allatum may be modulated by L-glutamate, a major fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. The widely accepted concept that synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) depends upon intracellular calcium concentration, is extended by the finding that 60 and 100 microM L-glutamate induces both an increase in calcium concentration in the cytosol of corpus allatum cells, and stimulates JH synthesis in vitro. We show that L-glutamate stimulates JH synthesis by inducing calcium influx since in calcium-free medium the stimulatory effect is not observed. Furthermore, the non-specific glutamate-receptor antagonist, 100 microM kynurenate, and 1.8 mM magnesium, inhibit the stimulatory effect of L-glutamate on JH synthesis in vitro. These results suggest that functional ionotropic glutamate receptors are present on the surface of the cells in corpus allatum, and that rates of JH are at least in part regulated via these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pszczolkowski
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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45
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Hartfelder K, Engels W. Social insect polymorphism: hormonal regulation of plasticity in development and reproduction in the honeybee. Curr Top Dev Biol 1998; 40:45-77. [PMID: 9673848 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hartfelder
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Germany
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