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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. An Element‐Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High‐Energy Blue Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. An Element-Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High-Energy Blue Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21817-21823. [PMID: 34097333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
1,3,2,4-Diazadiboretidine, an isoelectronic heteroanalogue of cyclobutadiene, is an interesting chemical species in terms of comparison with the carbon system, whereas its properties have never been investigated experimentally. According to Baird's rule, Hückel antiaromatic cyclobutadiene acquires aromaticity in the lowest triplet state. Here we report experimental and theoretical studies on the ground- and excited-state antiaromaticity/aromaticity as well as the photophysical properties of an isolable 1,3,2,4-diazadiboretidine derivative. The crystal structure of the diazadiboretidine derivative revealed that the B2 N2 ring adopts a planar rhombic geometry in the ground state. Yet, theoretical calculations showed that the B2 N2 ring turns to a square geometry with a nonaromatic character in the lowest triplet state. Notably, the diazadiboretidine derivative has the lowest singlet and triplet states lying at close energy levels and displays blue phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Buddhika S B Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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3
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Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler H, Sergeieva T, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of a 16π-Electrons 1,4-Diphosphinine-1,4-diide with a Planar C 4 P 2 Ring. Chemistry 2021; 27:3055-3064. [PMID: 33080114 PMCID: PMC7898681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first 1,4-diphosphinine-1,4-diide compound [(ADCPh )P]2 (5-Ph) (ADCPh =PhC{(NDipp)C}2 ; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) derived from an anionic dicarbene (ADCPh ) as a red crystalline solid. Compound 5-Ph containing a 16π-electron planar fused-tricyclic ring system was obtained by the 4e reduction of [(ADCPh )PCl2 ]2 (4-Ph) with Mg (or KC8 ) in a quantitative yield. Experimental and computational results imply that the central 8π-electrons C4 P2 ring of 5-Ph, which is fused between two 6π-electrons C3 N2 aromatic rings, is antiaromatic. Thus, each of the phosphorus atoms of 5-Ph has two electron-lone-pairs, one in a p-type orbital is in conjugation with the C=C bonds of the C4 P2 ring, while the second resides in a σ-symmetric orbital. This can be shown with the gold complex [(ADCPh )P(AuCl)2 ]2 (6-Ph) obtained by reacting 5-Ph with (Me2 S)AuCl. A mixture of 5-Ph and 4-Ph undergoes comproportionation in the presence of MgCl2 to form the intermediate oxidation state compound [(ADCAr )P]2 (MgCl4 ) (7-Ph), which is an aromatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Tetiana Sergeieva
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupAllgemeine und Anorganische ChemieUniversität des SaarlandesCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupAllgemeine und Anorganische ChemieUniversität des SaarlandesCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
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Yeong HX, Xi HW, Li Y, Kunnappilly SB, Chen B, Lau KC, Hirao H, Lim KH, So CW. Zwitterionic base-stabilized digermadistannacyclobutadiene and tetragermacyclobutadiene. Chemistry 2013; 19:14726-31. [PMID: 24027217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of a zwitterionic base-stabilized digermadistannacyclobutadiene and tetragermacyclobutadiene supported by amidinates and low-valent germanium amidinate substituents are described. The reaction of the amidinate Ge(I) dimer, [LGe:]2 (1, L=PhC(NtBu)2 ), with two equivalents of the amidinate tin(II) chloride, [LSnCl] (2), and KC8 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature afforded a mixture of the zwitterionic base-stabilized digermadistannacyclobutadiene, [L2 Ge2 Sn2 L'2 ] (3; L'=LGe:), and the bis(amidinate) tin(II) compound, [L2 Sn:] (4). Compound 3 can also be prepared by the reaction of 1 with [L(Ar) SnCl] (5, L(Ar) =tBuC(NAr)2 , Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) in THF at room temperature. Moreover, the reaction of 1 with the "onio-substituent transfer" reagent [4-NMe2 -C5 H4 NSiMe3 ]OTf (8) in THF and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) at room temperature afforded a mixture of the zwitterionic base-stabilized tetragermacyclobutadiene, [L4 Ge6 ] (9), the amidinium triflate, [PhC(NHtBu)2 ]OTf (10), and Me3 SiSiMe3 (11). X-ray structural data and theoretical studies show conclusively that compounds 3 and 9 have a planar and rhombic charge-separated structure. They are also nonaromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xian Yeong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371 (Singapore), Fax: (+65) 6791-1961
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Yeong HX, Zhang SH, Xi HW, Guo JD, Lim KH, Nagase S, So CW. An amidinate-stabilized germatrisilacyclobutadiene ylide. Chemistry 2012; 18:2685-91. [PMID: 22275215 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new amidinate-stabilized germatrisilacyclobutadiene ylides [L(3)Si(3)GeL'] (L=PhC(NtBu)(2); L'=ËL; Ë=Ge (3), Si (7)) are described. Compound 3 was prepared by the reaction of [LSi-SiL] (1) with one equivalent of [LGe-GeL] (2) in THF. Compound 7 was synthesized by the reaction of 2 with excess 1 in THF. The bisamidinate germylene [L(2)Ge:] (4) is a by-product in both reactions. Moreover, compound 7 was prepared by the reaction of 3 with one equivalent of 1 in THF. Compounds 3 and 7 have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and theoretical studies. The results show that compounds 3 and 7 are not antiaromatic. The puckered Si(3) Ge four-membered rings in 3 and 7 have a ylide structure, which is stabilized by amidinate ligands and the electron delocalization within the Si(3) Ge four-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xian Yeong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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Khan S, Sen SS, Roesky HW. Activation of phosphorus by group 14 elements in low oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2169-79. [PMID: 22237483 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The activation of phosphorus remains a popular and competitive area of research driven by the dual goals of finding ways to avoid the environmentally questionable P-Cl compounds applied in many industrial processes and the target of catalytic functionalization of P(4). In recent years the activation, degradation, fragmentation, and functionalization of white phosphorus by compounds with heavier main group elements have become a fertile area of research. The isolation of various carbenes and functionalized silylenes has prompted chemists to investigate their reactions with white phosphorus. The most intriguing fact in these reactions is the subtle change in the substituents may afford strikingly different compounds. For example, from the reaction of P(4) with PhC(NtBu)(2)SiCl a cyclic Si(2)P(2) derivative is obtained, whereas the analogous reaction with PhC(NtBu)(2)SiN(SiMe(3))(2) resulted in an acyclic Si(2)P(4) framework. Similar phenomena have also been observed in the carbene mediated P(4) activation. Apart from these, a new entry point into phosphorus chemistry is the gentle activation of P(4) by an alkyne analogue of tin. In this feature article we have covered the activation of phosphorus by compounds with low valent group 14 elements with special concern to the recent developments in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Khan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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