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Fu Z, Deng M, Zhou Q, Li S, Liu W, Cao S, Zhang L, Deng Y, Xi S. Arsenic activated GLUT1-mTORC1/HIF-1α-PKM2 positive feedback networks promote proliferation and migration of bladder epithelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174538. [PMID: 38977090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is recognized as a potent environmental contaminant associated with bladder carcinogenesis. However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is as a central feature of malignancy. Here, we performed the study of cross-talk between the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) pathway and aerobic glycolysis in promoting the proliferation and migration of bladder epithelial cells treated by arsenic in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that arsenite promoted N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced tumor formation in the bladder of rats and the malignant behavior of human ureteral epithelial (SV-HUC-1) cell. We found that arsenite positively regulated the mTORC1/HIF-1α pathway through glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT1), which involved in the malignant progression of bladder epithelial cells relying on glycolysis. In addition, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) increased by arsenite reduced the protein expressions of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH), leading to the accumulation of tumor metabolites of succinate and fumarate. Moreover, heat shock protein (HSP)90, functioning as a chaperone protein, stabilized PKM2 and thereby regulated the proliferation and aerobic glycolysis in arsenite treated SV-HUC-1 cells. Taken together, these results provide new insights into mTORC1/HIF-1α and PKM2 networks as critical molecular targets that contribute to the arsenic-induced malignant progression of bladder epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhushan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Meiqi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Sihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Weijue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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2
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Liu S, Shen G, Zhou X, Sun L, Yu L, Cao Y, Shu X, Ran Y. Hsp90 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Metastasis and Stemness by Regulating the Regional Distribution of Glycolysis-Related Metabolic Enzymes in the Cytoplasm. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2310109. [PMID: 38874476 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression; however, its mechanism of action in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Here, the role of Hsp90 in GC metabolism is the focus of this research. High expression of Hsp90 in GC tissues can interact with glycolysis, collectively affecting prognosis in clinical samples. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Hsp90 is able to regulate the migration and stemness properties of GC cells. Metabolic phenotype analyses indicate that Hsp90 influences glycolytic metabolism. Mechanistically, Hsp90 interacts with glycolysis-related enzymes, forming multienzyme complexes to enhance glycolysis efficiency and yield. Additionally, Hsp90 binds to cytoskeleton-related proteins, regulating the regional distribution of glycolytic enzymes at the cell margin and lamellar pseudopods. This effect could lead to a local increase in efficient energy supply from glycolysis, further promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. In summary, Hsp90, through its interaction with metabolic enzymes related to glycolysis, forms multi-enzyme complexes and regulates regional distribution of glycolysis by dynamic cytoskeletal adjustments, thereby promoting the migration and stemness of GC cells. These conclusions also support the potential for a combined targeted approach involving Hsp90, glycolysis, and the cytoskeleton in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gaigai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuanting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiong Shu
- Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yuliang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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3
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Agostini M, Traldi P, Hamdan M. Mass Spectrometry Contribution to Pediatric Cancers Research. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030612. [PMID: 36984613 PMCID: PMC10053507 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For over four decades, mass spectrometry-based methods have provided a wealth of information relevant to various challenges in the field of cancers research. These challenges included identification and validation of novel biomarkers for various diseases, in particular for various forms of cancer. These biomarkers serve various objectives including monitoring patient response to the various forms of therapy, differentiating subgroups of the same type of cancer, and providing proteomic data to complement datasets generated by genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic methods. The same proteomic data can be used to provide prognostic information and could guide scientists and medics to new and innovative targeted therapies The past decade has seen a rapid emergence of epigenetics as a major contributor to carcinogenesis. This development has given a fresh momentum to MS-based proteomics, which demonstrated to be an unrivalled tool for the analyses of protein post-translational modifications associated with chromatin modifications. In particular, high-resolution mass spectrometry has been recently used for systematic quantification of chromatin modifications. Data generated by this approach are central in the search for new therapies for various forms of cancer and will help in attempts to decipher antitumor drug resistance. To appreciate the contribution of mass spectrometry-based proteomics to biomarkers discovery and to our understanding of mechanisms behind the initiation and progression of various forms of cancer, a number of recent investigations are discussed. These investigations also include results provided by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry.
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4
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Babi A, Menlibayeva K, Bex T, Doskaliev A, Akshulakov S, Shevtsov M. Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Malignant Brain Tumors: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5435. [PMID: 36358853 PMCID: PMC9659111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are conservative and ubiquitous proteins that are expressed both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and play an important role in cellular homeostasis, including the regulation of proteostasis, apoptosis, autophagy, maintenance of signal pathways, protection from various stresses (e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation, etc.). Therefore, HSPs are highly expressed in tumor cells, including malignant brain tumors, where they also associate with cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiochemotherapy. In the current review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of HSPs expression in CNS malignancies as well as the novel treatment approaches to modulate the chaperone levels through the application of inhibitors (as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment modalities). Indeed, for several proteins (i.e., HSP10, HSPB1, DNAJC10, HSPA7, HSP90), a direct correlation between the protein level expression and poor overall survival prognosis for patients was demonstrated that provides a possibility to employ them as prognostic markers in neuro-oncology. Although small molecular inhibitors for HSPs, particularly for HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 families, were studied in various solid and hematological malignancies demonstrating therapeutic potential, still their potential was not yet fully explored in CNS tumors. Some newly synthesized agents (e.g., HSP40/DNAJ inhibitors) have not yet been evaluated in GBM. Nevertheless, reported preclinical studies provide evidence and rationale for the application of HSPs inhibitors for targeting brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Babi
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Torekhan Bex
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidos Doskaliev
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Akshulakov
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Kıyga E, Adıgüzel Z, Önay Uçar E. Temozolomide increases heat shock proteins in extracellular vesicles released from glioblastoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8701-8713. [PMID: 35752701 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and the fastest-progressing type of primary brain tumours. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of GBM. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently confirmed to have a substantial role in the GBM, and their contents released from GBM cells have been considered a target for treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of TMZ on heat shock proteins (HSPs) derived from EVs originated from GBM cell lines (U87-MG and LN229) and the significance of EVs in response to chemotherapy in GBM. METHODS AND RESULTS NTA, ELISA, and immunoblotting were used to characterization studies of EVs and results showed that U87-MG cells released many EVs compared to LN229 cells. The effect of TMZ treatments on HSPs expression levels were assessed with immunoblotting and was found to be led to increases in HSF-1, Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60 and Hsp27 expression in GBM cells and their EV contents, which these increases are related to therapeutic resistance. What is more, in Real-time PCR studies showing which signalling pathways might be associated with these increases, it was observed that TMZ triggered the expression of RAD51 and MDM2 genes in cells and EV contents. More strikingly, we discover a correlation between EV and parental cells in regard of mRNA and protein level in both cell lines as a result of TMZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest of EVs in the treatment of GBM may have potential biomarkers that can be used to investigate the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kıyga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zelal Adıgüzel
- Basic Medical Sciences Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Evren Önay Uçar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Nikou SA, Zhou C, Griffiths JS, Kotowicz NK, Coleman BM, Green MJ, Moyes DL, Gaffen SL, Naglik JR, Parker PJ. The Candida albicans toxin candidalysin mediates distinct epithelial inflammatory responses through p38 and EGFR-ERK pathways. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj6915. [PMID: 35380879 PMCID: PMC7612652 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans secretes the peptide toxin candidalysin, which damages epithelial cells and drives an innate inflammatory response mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and the transcription factor c-Fos. In cultured oral epithelial cells, candidalysin activated the MAPK p38, which resulted in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) activation, IL-6 release, and EGFR phosphorylation without affecting the induction of c-Fos. p38 activation was not triggered by EGFR but by two nonredundant pathways involving MAPK kinases (MKKs) and the kinase Src, which differentially controlled p38 signaling outputs. Whereas MKKs mainly promoted p38-dependent release of IL-6, Src promoted p38-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR in a ligand-independent fashion. In parallel, candidalysin also activated the EGFR-ERK pathway in a ligand-dependent manner, resulting in c-Fos activation and release of the neutrophil-activating chemokines G-CSF and GM-CSF. In mice, early clearance events of oral C. albicans infection required p38 but not c-Fos. These findings delineate how candidalysin activates the pathways downstream of the MAPKs p38 and ERK that differentially contribute to immune activation during C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula-Angeliki Nikou
- Protein Phosphorylation Lab, The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - James S. Griffiths
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Natalia K. Kotowicz
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Bianca M. Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Mary J. Green
- Experimental Histopathology Lab, The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK
| | - David L. Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London; London, UK
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Lab, The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt’s House, King’s College London; London, UK
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Chen SH, Xu DD, Zhou PJ, Wang Y, Liu QY, Ren Z, Liu Z, Wang X, Huang HQ, Xue X, Wang Y, Wang YF. Combination treatment with sorafenib and wh‑4 additively suppresses the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 35222709 PMCID: PMC8815050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hong Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qing Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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8
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Sequeira D, Baptista PV, Valente R, Piedade MFM, Garcia MH, Morais TS, Fernandes AR. Cu(I) complexes as new antiproliferative agents against sensitive and doxorubicin resistant colorectal cancer cells: synthesis, characterization, and mechanisms of action. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1845-1865. [PMID: 33470993 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the worst health issues worldwide, representing the second leading cause of death. Current chemotherapeutic drugs face some challenges like the acquired resistance of the tumoral cells and low specificity leading to unwanted side effects. There is an urgent need to develop new compounds that may target resistant cells. The synthesis and characterization of two Cu(i) complexes of general formula [Cu(PP)(LL)][BF4], where PP is a phosphane ligand (triphenylphosphine or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano) ethane) and LL = is a heteroaromatic bidentate ligand (4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 6,3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine). The new compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques (NMR, FTIR and UV-vis.), elemental analysis (C, H, N and S) and two structures were determined by single X-ray diffraction studies. The antiproliferative potential of the new Cu(i) complexes were studied in tumor (breast adenocarcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and in colorectal carcinoma sensitive and resistant to doxorubicin) and normal (fibroblasts) cell lines. Complexes 1-4 did not show any antiproliferative potential. Amongst the complexes 5-8, complex 8 shows high cytotoxic potential against colorectal cancer sensitive and resistant to doxorubicin and low cytotoxicity towards healthy cells. We show that complexes 5-8 can cleave pDNA and, in particular, the in vitro pDNA cleavage is due to an oxidative mechanism. This oxidative mechanism corroborates the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that triggers HCT116 cell death via apoptosis, as proved by the increased expression of BAX protein relative to BCL-2 protein and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and via autophagy. Additionally, complex 8 can block the cell cycle in the G1 phase, also exhibiting a cytostatic potential. Proteomic analysis confirmed the apoptotic, autophagic and cytostatic potential of complex 8, as well as its ability to produce ROS and cause DNA damage. The interference of the complex in folding and protein synthesis and its ability to cause post-translational modifications was also verified. Finally, it was observed that the complex causes a reduction in cellular metabolism. The results herein demonstrated the potential of Cu(i) complexes in targeting doxorubicin sensitive and resistant cells which is positive and must be further explored using in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Sequeira
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ruben Valente
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Fátima M Piedade
- DQB-FCUL, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. and CQE@IST, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Helena Garcia
- DQB-FCUL, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. and CQE@FCUL, Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia S Morais
- DQB-FCUL, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. and CQE@FCUL, Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
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9
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Peng X, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Tang L, Wang G, Jiang H, Wang X, Tao Y, Zhuang W. Reduced LINC00551 expression promotes proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cancer by increase in HSP27 phosphorylation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1418-1431. [PMID: 32677057 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression or activities. This study investigated the role of lncRNA LINC00551 in ESCC development and progression. Three paired ESCC and normal tissues were subjected to next-generation sequencing and we identified 82 upregulated and 60 downregulated lncRNAs, including LINC00551, which was confirmed to markedly downregulated in 78 ESCC tissues and in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis data set. Downregulated LINC00551 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and tumor size. Moreover, downregulated LINC00551 expression was also associated with poor progression-free survival and overall survival of ESCC patients. In vitro and in vivo, LINC00551 overexpression inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and invasion, whereas knockdown of LINC00551 expression promoted ESCC cell proliferation and invasion. RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry assays identified the potential LINC00551 binding proteins, and HSP27 was a promising LINC00551 targeting proteins after RNA immunoprecipitation assay. At the protein level, LINC00551 bound to and decreased HSP27 phosphorylation, and in turn, downregulated ESCC cell proliferation and invasion. The current study demonstrated the functional significance of LINC00551 in ESCC development, progression, and prognosis. Further study will assess LINC00551 as a novel prognostic marker or therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacrology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Pandey M, Nabi J, Tabassum N, Pottoo FH, Khatik R, Ahmad N. Molecular Chaperones in Neurodegeneration. QUALITY CONTROL OF CELLULAR PROTEIN IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1317-0.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular chaperones are essential players to this protein quality control network that functions to prevent protein misfolding, refold misfolded proteins, or degrade them, thereby maintaining neuronal proteostasis. Moreover, overexpression of cellular chaperones is considered to inhibit protein aggregation and apoptosis in various experimental models of neurodegeneration. Alterations or downregulation of chaperone machinery by age-related decline, molecular crowding, or genetic mutations are regarded as key pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and Prion diseases. Therefore, chaperones may serve as potential therapeutic targets in these diseases. This chapter presents a generalized view of misfolding and aggregation of proteins in neurodegeneration and then critically analyses some of the known cellular chaperones and their role in several neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, India
| | - Jahangir Nabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology Division), Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology Division), Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renuka Khatik
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Hang K, Ye C, Chen E, Zhang W, Xue D, Pan Z. Role of the heat shock protein family in bone metabolism. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1153-1164. [PMID: 30187197 PMCID: PMC6237693 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. In addition to their role as chaperones, they also play an important role in the cardiovascular, immune, and other systems. Normal bone tissue is maintained by bone metabolism, particularly by the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are physiologically regulated by multiple hormones and cytokines. In recent years, studies have reported the vital role of HSPs in bone metabolism. However, the conclusions remain largely controversial, and the exact mechanisms are still unclear, so a review and analyses of previous studies are of importance. This article reviews the current understanding of the roles and effects of HSPs on bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), in relation to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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12
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Matsui T, Ito C, Kato A, Wu TS, Itoigawa M. Acrofolione A and B, acetophenone dimers from Acronychia pendunculata, induce an apoptotic effect on human NALM-6 pre-B cell leukaemia cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:348-361. [PMID: 30362134 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the apoptotic activities of acrofolione A (1) and B (2) isolated from Acronychia pedunculata against a human pre-B cell leukaemia cell line (NALM-6) to explore the apoptosis-related signalling molecules targeted by 1 and 2. METHODS The apoptosis effects of 1 and 2 in NALM-6 cells were investigated by TUNEL staining, annexin V, mitochondria membrane potential and caspase 3/7 activity. We carried out a protein array to explore the signalling molecules involved in apoptosis comprehensively. KEY FINDINGS Acrofolione A (1) suppressed the growth of NALM-6, K562 and HPB-ALL cells (IC50 16.7 ± 1.9, 17.9 ± 0.3 and 10.1 ± 0.2 μm, respectively) more effectively than acrofolione B (2). Both compounds time-dependently increased the number of NALM-6 cells with abnormal nuclei, and increased the number of annexin V-positive cells and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of NALM-6 cells. Acrofolione A (1) markedly elevated caspase 3/7 activity and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Cells treated with either compound showed enhanced expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 and 7, and reduced survivin protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Acrofolione A (1) and B (2) may be useful in the treatment of various types of leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsui
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Masataka Itoigawa
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi, Aichi, Japan
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13
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Chen H, Diao X, Wang H, Zhou H. An integrated metabolomic and proteomic study of toxic effects of Benzo[a]pyrene on gills of the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:330-336. [PMID: 29573723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are widely present in the marine environment. Because of its teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects on various organisms, the toxicity of BaP is of great concern. In this study, we focused on the toxic effects of BaP (1 µg/L and 10 µg/L) on gills of the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii using combined metabolomic and proteomic approaches. At the metabolome level, the high concentration of BaP mainly caused abnormal energy metabolism, osmotic regulation and immune response marked by significantly altered metabolites in gills. At the proteome level, both concentrations of BaP mainly induced signal transduction, transcription regulation, cell growth, stress response, and energy metabolism. Overall, the research demonstrated that the combination of proteomic and metabolomic approaches could provide a significant way to elucidate toxic effects of BaP on P. martensii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Haihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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14
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Kruszewski M, Kusaczuk M, Kotyńska J, Gál M, Krętowski R, Cechowska-Pasko M, Naumowicz M. The effect of quercetin on the electrical properties of model lipid membranes and human glioblastoma cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:133-141. [PMID: 30029034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid claimed to exert many beneficial health effects. In this report, the influence of quercetin on the surface charge of phosphatidylcholine liposomes and human glioblastoma LN-229 and LN-18 cells was studied using microelectrophoretic mobility measurements. The effect of quercetin on the electrical resistance and capacitance of bilayer lipid membranes was analyzed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that after flavonoid treatment, the cell lines demonstrated changes in surface charge only in alkaline pH solutions, whereas there were no significant alterations in quercetin-treated vs. control cells in acidic pH solutions. The same tendency was found for liposomal membranes proving that quercetin insertion into membranes is strongly pH-dependent. Capacitance and resistance measurements conducted in acidic electrolyte solutions demonstrated an increase in both electrical parameters, indicating an increased amount of quercetin inserted into the bilayers. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of quercetin confirms that the flavonoid enters the cells and perturbs the proliferation of LN-229 and LN-18 glioblastoma cell lines. As such, our results indicate that the specific localization of quercetin, membrane-bound or cell-entering, might be crucial for its pharmacological activity. However, further studies are necessary prior to applying these physicochemical measurements as standard methods of evaluating drug activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kotyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Inorganic Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rafał Krętowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
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15
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Lee CM, Choi YJ, Park SH, Nam MJ. Indole-3-carbinol induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:119-130. [PMID: 29746934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Brown CJ, Kaufman T, Trinidad JC, Clemmer DE. Proteome changes in the aging Drosophila melanogaster head. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 425:36-46. [PMID: 30906200 PMCID: PMC6426325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A combination of liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and database searching techniques were used to characterize the proteomes of four biological replicates of adult Drosophila melanogaster heads at seven time points across their lifespans. Based on the detection of tryptic peptides, the identities of 1281 proteins were determined. An estimate of the abundance of each protein, based on the three most intense peptide ions, shows that the quantified species vary in concentration over a factor of ~103. Compared to initial studies in the field of Drosophila proteomics, our current results show an eight-fold higher temporal protein coverage with increased quantitative accuracy. Across the lifespan, we observe a range of trends in the abundance of different proteins, including: an increase in abundance of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle; a decrease in proteasomal proteins, as well as ribosomal proteins; and, many types of proteins, which remain relatively unchanged. For younger flies, proteomes are relatively similar within their age group. For older flies, proteome similarity decreases within their age group. These combined results illustrate a correlation between increasing age and decreasing proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Thomas Kaufman
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - David E. Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
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17
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Xu Q, Tu J, Dou C, Zhang J, Yang L, Liu X, Lei K, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li L, Bao H, Wang J, Tu K. HSP90 promotes cell glycolysis, proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by regulating PKM2 abundance via Thr-328 phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 29262861 PMCID: PMC5738801 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) functions as a well-known onco-protein to regulate protein conformation, stability and degradation. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a critical regulator of the metabolism, growth and metastasis of cancer cells, has been confirmed to be overexpressed in various human cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic functions of HSP90 and PKM2 overexpression in HCC remain unknown. METHODS The expression of HSP90 and PKM2 in HCC specimens and cells were detected by immunoblotting and immunostaining. The interaction between HSP90 and PKM2 was confirmed by tandem affinity purification, co-immunoprecipitation and Glutathione S transferase (GST)-pulldown assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that HSP90 could bind to PKM2 and subsequently increased PKM2 abundance in HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed that HSP90 level was positively correlated with PKM2 level in HCC tissues. Mechanistically, HSP90 was found to increase the phosphorylation of PKM2 at Thr-328. Protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) formed a protein complex with HSP90 and PKM2, and directly mediated Thr-328 phosphorylation of PKM2 induced by HSP90. Thr-328 phosphorylation was critical for maintaining PKM2 stability and its biological functions in regulating glycolysis, mitochondria respiration, proliferation and apoptosis. Functionally, we found that HSP90 promoted the glycolysis and proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cells in a PKM2 dependent manner. In vivo experiments disclosed that PKM2 was required for the promoting effects of HSP90 on the growth of HCC cells in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that positive expression of HSP90 and PKM2 was correlated with poor clinicopathological features including high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level, large tumor size, portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that positive expression of HSP90 and PKM2, and a combination of these proteins could strongly predict the poor prognosis of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that HSP90 potentiates the glycolysis and proliferation, reduces the apoptosis and thus enhances the growth of HCC cells through PKM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Jianfeng Tu
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Kefeng Lei
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Lijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Hangxing Bao
- Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006 China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000 China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
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18
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Aivazidis S, Coughlan CM, Rauniyar AK, Jiang H, Liggett LA, Maclean KN, Roede JR. The burden of trisomy 21 disrupts the proteostasis network in Down syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176307. [PMID: 28430800 PMCID: PMC5400264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Abnormalities in chromosome number have the potential to lead to disruption of the proteostasis network (PN) and accumulation of misfolded proteins. DS individuals suffer from several comorbidities, and we hypothesized that disruption of proteostasis could contribute to the observed pathology and decreased cell viability in DS. Our results confirm the presence of a disrupted PN in DS, as several of its elements, including the unfolded protein response, chaperone system, and proteasomal degradation exhibited significant alterations compared to euploid controls in both cell and mouse models. Additionally, when cell models were treated with compounds that promote disrupted proteostasis, we observed diminished levels of cell viability in DS compared to controls. Collectively our findings provide a cellular-level characterization of PN dysfunction in DS and an improved understanding of the potential pathogenic mechanisms contributing to disrupted cellular physiology in DS. Lastly, this study highlights the future potential of designing therapeutic strategies that mitigate protein quality control dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Aivazidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- The Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Abhishek K. Rauniyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Hua Jiang
- The Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - L. Alexander Liggett
- The Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kenneth N. Maclean
- The Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - James R. Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ciechanover A, Kwon YT. Protein Quality Control by Molecular Chaperones in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:185. [PMID: 28428740 PMCID: PMC5382173 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) requires the timely degradation of misfolded proteins and their aggregates by protein quality control (PQC), of which molecular chaperones are an essential component. Compared with other cell types, PQC in neurons is particularly challenging because they have a unique cellular structure with long extensions. Making it worse, neurons are postmitotic, i.e., cannot dilute toxic substances by division, and, thus, are highly sensitive to misfolded proteins, especially as they age. Failure in PQC is often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and prion disease. In fact, many neurodegenerative diseases are considered to be protein misfolding disorders. To prevent the accumulation of disease-causing aggregates, neurons utilize a repertoire of chaperones that recognize misfolded proteins through exposed hydrophobic surfaces and assist their refolding. If such an effort fails, chaperones can facilitate the degradation of terminally misfolded proteins through either the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) or the autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). If soluble, the substrates associated with chaperones, such as Hsp70, are ubiquitinated by Ub ligases and degraded through the proteasome complex. Some misfolded proteins carrying the KFERQ motif are recognized by the chaperone Hsc70 and delivered to the lysosomal lumen through a process called, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Aggregation-prone misfolded proteins that remain unprocessed are directed to macroautophagy in which cargoes are collected by adaptors, such as p62/SQSTM-1/Sequestosome-1, and delivered to the autophagosome for lysosomal degradation. The aggregates that have survived all these refolding/degradative processes can still be directly dissolved, i.e., disaggregated by chaperones. Studies have shown that molecular chaperones alleviate the pathogenic symptoms by neurodegeneration-causing protein aggregates. Chaperone-inducing drugs and anti-aggregation drugs are actively exploited for beneficial effects on symptoms of disease. Here, we discuss how chaperones protect misfolded proteins from aggregation and mediate the degradation of terminally misfolded proteins in collaboration with cellular degradative machinery. The topics also include therapeutic approaches to improve the expression and turnover of molecular chaperones and to develop anti-aggregation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ciechanover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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20
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Xiao Z, Li M, Li G, Fu Y, Peng F, Chen Y, Chen Z. Proteomic Characterization Reveals a Molecular Portrait of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Differentiation. J Cancer 2017; 8:570-577. [PMID: 28367237 PMCID: PMC5370501 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is categorized into three different differentiated subtypes by World Health Organization (WHO). Based on an earlier comparative proteomic database of the three histological subtypes, the study was to deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms associated with NPC differentiation through bio-information mining. Among the three subtypes were 194 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of 725 identified proteins. Two DEPs, heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) and keratin 5 (KRT5), were validated in a series of NPC tissue samples by using immunohistochemistry. Quantified protein families including keratins, S100 proteins (S100s) and heat shock proteins exhibited characteristic expression alterations. Comparisons of predicted bio-function activation states among different subtypes, including formation of cellular protrusion, metastasis, cell death, and viral infections, were conducted. Canonical pathway analysis inferred that Rho GTPases related signaling pathways regulated the motility and invasion of dedifferentiated NPC. In conclusion, the study explored the proteomic characteristics of NPC differentiation, which could deepen our knowledge of NPC tumorigenesis and allow the development of novel targets of therapeutic and prognostic value in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Maoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Fang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China;; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China;; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine (CICCM), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China;; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China;; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine (CICCM), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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21
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Venkatesan N, Kanwar JR, Deepa PR, Navaneethakrishnan S, Joseph C, Krishnakumar S. Targeting HSP90/Survivin using a cell permeable structure based peptido-mimetic shepherdin in retinoblastoma. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:141-9. [PMID: 27062892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood retinal malignancy. Effective therapeutic strategies are still being investigated in RB disease management. Here, the anti-cancer effect of shepherdin, a peptido-mimetic inhibiting heat shock protein (HSP90)-Survivin interaction has been analyzed. METHODS We analyzed HSP (HSP70/90) and Survivin protein expressions by immunohistochemistry (29 archival tumors), qRT-PCR, FACS and Western analysis (10 un-fixed RB tumors). We also analyzed cellular cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effect in peptide treated RB cells (Y79, Weri Rb1) and MIO-M1 cells. RESULTS Heterogeneous expressions of HSP70/90 and Survivin with a significant association between HSP70 and HSP90 (r(2) = 0.59, p = 0.001) was observed. In RB cells, anti-tumor effects were detected with 0.42 μg/ml of shepherdin at 4 h s of serum starvation. Decreased Survivin, Bcl2, MMP-2 activity with increased Bax, Bim, and Caspase-9 protein expressions were noticed. No significant changes were observed in shepherdin treated non-neoplastic MIO-M1, nor in scramble-peptide treated RB cells. CONCLUSION The presence of HSPs (HSP70/90) and Survivin reveals multiple cellular mechanisms adopted by RB cells during cancer progression. Serum starvation induced HSP90 whose interactions with Survivin were specifically inhibited by shepherdin. The associated molecular shuffling has been reported. These findings strongly implicate the potential of targeting HSP90-Survivin interaction as an adjuvant therapy in RB management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Venkatesan
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18/41, College Road, Chennai 600006, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Perinkulam Ravi Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Saranya Navaneethakrishnan
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18/41, College Road, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18/41, College Road, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18/41, College Road, Chennai 600006, India.
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22
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Abstract
Initial successful weight loss is often followed by weight regain after the dietary intervention. Compared with lean people, cellular stress in adipose tissue is increased in obese subjects. However, the relation between cellular stress and the risk for weight regain after weight loss is unclear. Therefore, we determined the expression levels of stress proteins during weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to weight regain. In vivo findings were compared with results from in vitro cultured human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. In total, eighteen healthy subjects underwent an 8-week diet programme with a 10-month follow-up. Participants were categorised as weight maintainers or weight regainers (WR) depending on their weight changes during the intervention. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained before and after the diet and after the follow-up. In vitro differentiated SGBS adipocytes were starved for 96 h with low (0·55 mm) glucose. Levels of stress proteins were determined by Western blotting. WR showed increased expressions of β-actin, calnexin, heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP60 and HSP70. Changes of β-actin, HSP27 and HSP70 are linked to HSP60, a proposed key factor in weight regain after weight loss. SGBS adipocytes showed increased levels of β-actin and HSP60 after 96 h of glucose restriction. The increased level of cellular stress proteins in the adipose tissue of WR probably resides in the adipocytes as shown by in vitro experiments. Cellular stress accumulated in adipose tissue during weight loss may be a risk factor for weight regain.
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iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identified HSC71 as a Novel Serum Biomarker for Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:802153. [PMID: 26425554 PMCID: PMC4573615 DOI: 10.1155/2015/802153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urologic cancers and about 80% of RCC are of the clear-cell type (ccRCC). However, there are no serum biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of RCC. In this study, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis on serum samples from ccRCC patients and control group by using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and LC-MS/MS analysis to access differentially expressed proteins. Overall, 16 proteins were significantly upregulated (ratio > 1.5) and 14 proteins were significantly downregulated (ratio < 0.67) in early-stage ccRCC compared to control group. HSC71 was selected and subsequently validated by Western blot in six independent sets of patients. ELISA subsequently confirmed HSC71 as a potential serum biomarker for distinguishing RCC from benign urologic disease with an operating characteristic curve (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76~0.96), achieving sensitivity of 87% (95% CI 69%~96%) at a specificity of 80% (95% CI 61~92%) with a threshold of 15 ng/mL. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis led to identification of serum HSC71 as a novel serum biomarker of RCC, particularly useful in early diagnosis of ccRCC.
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24
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Characterization of antiproliferative potential and biological targets of a copper compound containing 4'-phenyl terpyridine. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:935-48. [PMID: 26077814 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several copper complexes have been assessed as anti-tumor agents against cancer cells. In this work, a copper compound [Cu(H2O){OS(CH3)2}L](NO3)2 incorporating the ligand 4'-phenyl-terpyridine antiproliferative activity against human colorectal, hepatocellular carcinomas and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines was determined, demonstrating high cytotoxicity. The compound is able to induce apoptosis and a slight delay in cancer cell cycle progression, probably by its interaction with DNA and induction of double-strand pDNA cleavage, which is enhanced by oxidative mechanisms. Moreover, proteomic studies indicate that the compound induces alterations in proteins involved in cytoskeleton maintenance, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, corroborating its antiproliferative potential.
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25
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Holenya P, Can S, Rubbiani R, Alborzinia H, Jünger A, Cheng X, Ott I, Wölfl S. Detailed analysis of pro-apoptotic signaling and metabolic adaptation triggered by a N-heterocyclic carbene-gold(I) complex. Metallomics 2015; 6:1591-601. [PMID: 24777153 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their broad spectrum of biological activity and antiproliferative effect on different human cancer cell lines, gold compounds have been in the focus of drug research for many years. Gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes are of particular interest, because of their stability, ease of derivatization and clear cytotoxicity in cancer cells. To obtain a more detailed view of the molecular mechanisms underlying their cellular activity, we used a novel gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex, [triphenylphosphane-(1,3-diethyl-5-methoxy-benzylimidazol-2-ylidene)]gold(I) iodide and investigated changes in cellular signaling pathways using quantitative signal transduction protein microarray analysis. We also analyzed changes in cell metabolism in a time-dependent manner by on-line metabolic measurements and used isolated mitochondria to elucidate the direct effects on this cell organelle. We found strong cytotoxic effects in cancer cells, accompanied by an immediate and irreversible loss of mitochondrial respiration as well as by a crucial imbalance of the intracellular redox state, resulting in apoptotic cell death. ELISA microarray analysis of signal transduction pathways revealed a time-dependent up-regulation of pro-apoptotic signaling proteins, e.g. p38 and JNK, whereas pro-survival signals that are directly linked to the thioredoxin system were down-regulated, which pinpoints to thioredoxin reductase as a central target of the compound. Further results suggest that DNA is an indirect target of the compound. Based on our findings, we outline a signaling model for the molecular mechanism underlying the antiproliferative activity of the gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex investigated, which provides a good general model for the known pattern of cell death induced by this class of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Holenya
- Department of Biology, Institut für Pharmazie und molekulare Biotechnologie, Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Choi DW, Lim MS, Lee JW, Chun W, Lee SH, Nam YH, Park JM, Choi DH, Kang CD, Lee SJ, Park SC. The Cytotoxicity of Kahweol in HT-29 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Apoptosis and Suppression of Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:128-33. [PMID: 25767680 PMCID: PMC4354313 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although coffee is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, there have been few reports about the effect and mechanism of coffee compounds in colorectal cancer. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that prevent cell death. Their expression is significantly elevated in many tumors and is accompanied by increased cell proliferation, metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of four bioactive compounds in coffee, namely, caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kahweol, in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Only kahweol showed significant cytotoxicity. Specifically, kahweol increased the expression of caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic factor, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors, such as Bcl-2 and phosphorylated Akt. In addition, kahweol significantly attenuated the expression of HSP70. Inhibition of HSP70 activity with triptolide increased kahweol-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, overexpression of HSP70 significantly reduced kahweol-induced cell death. Taken together, these results demonstrate that kahweol inhibits colorectal tumor cell growth by promoting apoptosis and suppressing HSP70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Sup Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 431-796, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Myung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Don Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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27
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Voll EA, Ogden IM, Pavese JM, Huang X, Xu L, Jovanovic BD, Bergan RC. Heat shock protein 27 regulates human prostate cancer cell motility and metastatic progression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2648-63. [PMID: 24798191 PMCID: PMC4058034 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common form of cancer in American men. Mortality from PCa is caused by the movement of cancer cells from the primary organ to form metastatic tumors at distant sites. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is known to increase human PCa cell invasion and its overexpression is associated with metastatic disease. The role of HSP27 in driving PCa cell movement from the prostate to distant metastatic sites is unknown. Increased HSP27 expression increased metastasis as well as primary tumor mass. In vitro studies further examined the mechanism of HSP27-induced metastatic behavior. HSP27 did not affect cell detachment, adhesion, or migration, but did increase cell invasion. Cell invasion was dependent upon matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), whose expression was increased by HSP27. In vivo, HSP27 induced commensurate changes in MMP-2 expression in tumors. These findings demonstrate that HSP27 drives metastatic spread of cancer cells from the prostate to distant sites, does so across a continuum of expression levels, and identifies HSP27-driven increases in MMP-2 expression as functionally relevant. These findings add to prior studies demonstrating that HSP27 increases PCa cell motility, growth and survival. Together, they demonstrate that HSP27 plays an important role in PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Voll
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL
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28
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Molecular chaperone dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and effects of curcumin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:495091. [PMID: 25386560 PMCID: PMC4217372 DOI: 10.1155/2014/495091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The intra- and extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated amyloid proteins is a common feature in several neurodegenerative diseases, which is thought to play a major role in disease severity and progression. The principal machineries maintaining proteostasis are the ubiquitin proteasomal and lysosomal autophagy systems, where heat shock proteins play a crucial role. Many protein aggregates are degraded by the lysosomes, depending on aggregate size, peptide sequence, and degree of misfolding, while others are selectively tagged for removal by heat shock proteins and degraded by either the proteasome or phagosomes. These systems are compromised in different neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, developing novel targets and classes of therapeutic drugs, which can reduce aggregates and maintain proteostasis in the brains of neurodegenerative models, is vital. Natural products that can modulate heat shock proteins/proteosomal pathway are considered promising for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of HSPs in protein misfolding diseases and knowledge gained from animal models of Alzheimer's disease, tauopathies, and Huntington's diseases. Further, we discuss the emerging treatment regimens for these diseases using natural products, like curcumin, which can augment expression or function of heat shock proteins in the cell.
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29
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Koay YC, McConnell JR, Wang Y, Kim SJ, Buckton LK, Mansour F, McAlpine SR. Chemically accessible hsp90 inhibitor that does not induce a heat shock response. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:771-6. [PMID: 25050163 DOI: 10.1021/ml500114p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer therapies have focused on targeting biology networks through a single regulatory protein. Heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is an ideal oncogenic target as it regulates over 400 client proteins and cochaperones. However, clinical inhibitors of hsp90 have had limited success; the primary reason being that they induce a heat shock response. We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new hsp90 inhibitor, SM253. The previous generation on which SM253 is based (SM145) has poor overall synthetic yields, low solubility, and micromolar cytotoxicity. By comparison SM253 has relatively high overall yields, good aqueous solubility, and is more cytotoxic than its parent compound. Verification that hsp90 is SM253's target was accomplished using pull-down and protein folding assays. SM253 is superior to both SM145 and the clinical candidate 17-AAG as it decreases proteins related to the heat shock response by 2-fold, versus a 2-4-fold increase observed when cells are treated with 17-AAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chin Koay
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Yao Wang
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Seong Jong Kim
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Flora Mansour
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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30
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Baird CH, Niederlechner S, Beck R, Kallweit AR, Wischmeyer PE. L-Threonine induces heat shock protein expression and decreases apoptosis in heat-stressed intestinal epithelial cells. Nutrition 2014; 29:1404-11. [PMID: 24103518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osmotically acting amino acids can be cytoprotective following injury. As threonine (THR) induces osmotic cell swelling, our aim was to investigate the potential for THR to induce cellular protection in intestinal epithelial cells and evaluate possible mechanisms of protection. METHODS Cells treated with a range of THR doses were evaluated following heat stress (HS) injury. Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a non-metabolizable amino acid analog, was used as an osmotic control. MTS assays were used to assess cell survival. Heat shock protein (HSP) expression and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) were evaluated via Western blot. Cell morphology and cell size were analyzed via microscopy. RESULT Following HS, THR treatment increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner vs. non-THR treated cells (CT). The non-metabolized amino acid analogue, AIB, also increased cell survival in heat-stressed cells versus HS controls. HSP70 and HSP25 expression increased with THR and AIB treatment versus HS controls. THR also increased HSP25 in non-stressed cells. Microscopic evaluation revealed both THR and AIB preserved the structural integrity of the actin cytoskeleton in heat-stressed cells versus HS controls. THR, but not AIB, enhanced nuclear translocation of HSP25 during HS. This nuclear translocation was associated with a 60% decrease in apoptosis in heat-stressed cells with THR. No antiapoptotic effect was observed with AIB. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that THR increases HSP70 and HSP 25 and protects cells from HS. THR's mechanism of protection may involve cytoskeletal stabilization, HSP up-regulation and nuclear translocation, and decreased apoptosis. THR's protection appears to involve both cell-swelling-dependent and -independent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Baird
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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31
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Schreier VN, Pethő L, Orbán E, Marquardt A, Petre BA, Mező G, Manea M. Protein expression profile of HT-29 human colon cancer cells after treatment with a cytotoxic daunorubicin-GnRH-III derivative bioconjugate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94041. [PMID: 24718594 PMCID: PMC3981732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents is a new approach for the treatment of cancer, which provides increased selectivity and decreased systemic toxicity. We have recently developed a promising drug delivery system, in which the anticancer drug daunorubicin (Dau) was attached via oxime bond to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) derivative used as a targeting moiety (Glp-His-Trp-Lys(Ac)-His-Asp-Trp-Lys(Dau = Aoa)-Pro-Gly-NH2; Glp = pyroglutamic acid, Ac = acetyl; Aoa = aminooxyacetyl). This bioconjugate exerted in vitro cytostatic/cytotoxic effect on human breast, prostate and colon cancer cells, as well as significant in vivo tumor growth inhibitory effect on colon carcinoma bearing mice. In our previous studies, H-Lys(Dau = Aoa)-OH was identified as the smallest metabolite produced in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate, which was able to bind to DNA in vitro. To get a deeper insight into the mechanism of action of the bioconjugate, changes in the protein expression profile of HT-29 human colon cancer cells after treatment with the bioconjugate or free daunorubicin were investigated by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our results indicate that several metabolism-related proteins, molecular chaperons and proteins involved in signaling are differently expressed after targeted chemotherapeutic treatment, leading to the conclusion that the bioconjugate exerts its cytotoxic action by interfering with multiple intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilla Pethő
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Orbán
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marilena Manea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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McConnell JR, Alexander LA, McAlpine SR. A heat shock protein 90 inhibitor that modulates the immunophilins and regulates hormone receptors without inducing the heat shock response. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:661-6. [PMID: 24360559 PMCID: PMC4547841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
When a cell encounters external stressors, such as lack of nutrients, elevated temperatures, changes in pH or other stressful environments, a key set of evolutionarily conserved proteins, the heat shock proteins (hsps), become overexpressed. Hsps are classified into six major families with the hsp90 family being the best understood; an increase in cell stress leads to increased levels of hsp90, which leads to cellular protection. A hallmark of hsp90 inhibitors is that they induce a cell rescue mechanism, the heat shock response. We define the unique molecular profile of a compound (SM145) that regulates hormone receptor protein levels through hsp90 inhibition without inducing the heat shock response. Modulation of the binding event between heat shock protein 90 and the immunophilins/homologs using SM145, leads to a decrease in hormone receptor protein levels. Unlike N-terminal hsp90 inhibitors, this hsp90 inhibitor does not induce a heat shock response. This work is proof of principle that controlling hormone receptor expression can occur by inhibiting hsp90 without inducing pro-survival protein heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) or other proteins associated with the heat shock response. Innovatively, we show that blocking the heat shock response, in addition to hsp90, is key to regulating hsp90-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette R McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Leslie A Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, United States
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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33
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Qiu X, Yuan Y, Vaishnav A, Tessel MA, Nonn L, van Breemen RB. Effects of lycopene on protein expression in human primary prostatic epithelial cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:419-27. [PMID: 23483004 PMCID: PMC3644332 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials and animal studies have suggested that lycopene, the red carotenoid found in tomatoes, might be useful for the prevention of prostate cancer in the diet or as a dietary supplement through a variety of chemoprevention mechanisms. As most mechanism of action studies have used prostate cancer cells or males with existing prostate cancer, we investigated the effects of lycopene on protein expression in human primary prostatic epithelial cells. After treatment with lycopene at a physiologically relevant concentration (2 μmol/L) or placebo for 48 hours, the primary prostatic epithelial cells were lysed and fractionated using centrifugation into cytosolic/membrane and nuclear fractions. Proteins from lycopene-treated and placebo-treated cells were trypsinized and derivatized for quantitative proteomics using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) reagent. Peptides were analyzed using two-dimensional microcapillary high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify proteins that were significantly upregulated or downregulated following lycopene exposure. Proteins that were most affected by lycopene were those involved in antioxidant responses, cytoprotection, apoptosis, growth inhibition, androgen receptor signaling, and the Akt/mTOR cascade. These data are consistent with previous studies suggesting that lycopene can prevent cancer in human prostatic epithelial cells at the stages of cancer initiation, promotion, and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL
| | - Avani Vaishnav
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael A. Tessel
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL
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34
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Qin D, Tan L, You Q, Liu X. Expression of heat shock protein 27 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in human retinoblastoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013; 17:144-9. [PMID: 23788981 PMCID: PMC3685373 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2013.34617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to observe the expressions of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in retinoblastoma (Rb) cells and to explore the relationships of the expression with Rb differentiation and optic nerve infiltration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Heat shock protein 27 and PCNA expressions in 36 routine Rb paraffin specimens were observed using PV9000 two-stage immunohistochemical staining. The correlations of the HSP27 and PCNA expressions with Rb differentiation and optic nerve infiltration were analyzed. RESULTS Heat shock protein 27 was weakly expressed in the normal retina, specifically in the ganglion cell layer. It was extensively expressed in Rb tissues at a positive rate of 69.4%, and the positive substances were primarily located in the cytoplasm. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was expressed weakly or not at all expressed in the normal retina and was extensively expressed in Rb tissues at a positive rate of 83.3%, and the positive substances were primarily located in the nucleus. The positive expression rates of HSP27 and PCNA in the differentiated group were significantly higher than in the undifferentiated group (p < 0.05). The positive expression rates of HSP27 and PCNA in the optic nerve-infiltrated group were significantly higher than in the non-infiltrated group (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein 27 expression was positively correlated with PCNA expression in Rb (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Heat shock protein 27 and PCNA expressions are markedly correlated with cell differentiation and optic nerve infiltration in Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanhui Central Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Luosheng Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanhui Central Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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McConnell JR, McAlpine SR. Heat shock proteins 27, 40, and 70 as combinational and dual therapeutic cancer targets. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1923-8. [PMID: 23453837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock proteins are essential players in the development of cancer and they are prime therapeutic targets. Targeting multiple hsps in dual therapies decreases the likelihood of drug resistance compared to utilizing mono-therapies. Further, employing an hsp inhibitor in combination with another therapy has proven clinically successful. Examples of efficacious strategies include the inhibition of hsp27, which prevents protein aggregation, controlling hsp40's role as an ATPase modulator, and inhibiting hsp70 from acting as a molecular chaperone. While hsp40 therapies are just in the beginning stages, hsp27 and hsp70 therapies have been successfully used in dual inhibition treatments with hsp90 inhibitors and in combinational therapy with antineoplastic drugs. Both dual and combinatorial therapies show encouraging results when used in treating chemotherapeutically resistant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette R McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Ferreira L, Fuentes-Calvo I, Muñoz-Félix JM, Muñiz-Martín C, Sánchez-Juanes F, Raposo C, González-Buitrago JM, López-Novoa JM, Martínez-Salgado C. Functional specific roles of H-ras and N-ras. A proteomic approach using knockout cell lines. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1385-96. [PMID: 22648805 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ras small GTPases function as transducers of extracellular signals regulating cell survival, growth and differentiation. There are three major ras isoforms: H-, N- and K-Ras. To improve the understanding of H- and N-Ras protein signalling networks, we compared total proteome changes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts knock out for H-ras and/or N-ras, using proteomics tools combining 2DE, semi-quantitative image analysis, in-gel trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry. There are four up-regulated proteins due to the loss of expression of H-Ras (including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) and eight down-regulated (including stress-70 protein, dihydropyrimidinase-related-protein 3, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, tropomyosin beta chain, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1) and six up-regulated proteins (e.g. leukocyte elastase inhibitor A, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, c-Myc-responsive protein Rcl, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein) due to the loss of expression of both N- and H-Ras. Most of these proteins are related to Ras signalling in one way or another. Changes in expression of some of these proteins were further confirmed by Western blot. This proteomic comparative analysis from loss of function of H- and N-Ras knockout fibroblasts yields interpretable data to elucidate the differential protein expression, and contributes to evaluate the possibilities for physiological and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferreira
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
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Immunohistochemical expression of heat shock protein27 in the mouse dental pulp after immediate teeth separation. Eur J Med Res 2012; 16:495-500. [PMID: 22027643 PMCID: PMC3351807 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-11-495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim After immediate teeth separation, expression of HSP27 in the mouse dental pulp was examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the incidence of HSP27 expression. Materials and methods A total of 36 8-week-old ddY mice were used as experimental subjects and a wedge was inserted in between maxillary right molars. The wedge was removed 30 min or 3 h after insertion. Animals were immediately sacrificed after the removal of wedge or until 1 week later and serial sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were prepared. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to examine the expression of HSP27. The untreated side served as the control. Results In the control group, the endothelial cells and some pulp fibroblasts weakly expressed HSP27 suggesting that the expression is due to mechanical stress brought about by physiological masticatory force and pressure from the tongue. In both 30 min and 3 h experimental groups, HSP27 expression was highest at 24 h after wedge removal and the expression remained the same or started to decrease thereafter. The expression decreased at the same level as that of the control group 1 week after wedge removal. Conclusion HSP27 may serve as an indicator of stimulus strong enough to show its expression.
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Zhao M, Shen F, Yin YX, Yang YY, Xiang DJ, Chen Q. Increased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 Correlates With Peritoneal Metastasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:748-53. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719111432875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, China
- M. Zhao and F. Shen equally contributed to this work
| | - F. Shen
- The Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- M. Zhao and F. Shen equally contributed to this work
| | - Y. X. Yin
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Y. Y. Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - D. J. Xiang
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Q. Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, China
- The Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Lee SS, Tsai CH, Ho YC, Yu CC, Chang YC. Heat shock protein 27 expression in areca quid chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Dis 2012; 18:713-9. [PMID: 22490108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heat shock protein (HSP) 27 is a low-molecular-weight protein that functions as a molecular chaperone and plays a cytoprotective role through its antioxidant activity during cell stress. Areca quid chewing is associated with the high incidence of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to compare heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) expression in OSCCs and the normal oral tissues. METHODS Forty-eight OSCCs from areca quid chewers and ten normal oral tissue biopsy samples without areca quid chewing were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HSP27. The normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were challenged with arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, by Western blot for HSP27. Furthermore, epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, HSP inhibitor quercetin, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Heat shock protein 27 exhibited higher expression in OSCCs than normal specimens (P < 0.05). Arecoline was found to elevate HSP27 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The additions of pharmacological agents were found to inhibit arecoline-induced HSP27 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Heat shock protein 27 expression is significantly elevated in areca quid chewing-associated OSCCs. Arecoline-induced HSP27 expression was downregulated by EGCG, NS398, NAC, quercetin, PD98059, and SB203580.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Miyauchi T, Miyata M, Ikeda Y, Akasaki Y, Hamada N, Shirasawa T, Furusho Y, Tei C. Waon therapy upregulates Hsp90 and leads to angiogenesis through the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in mouse hindlimb ischemia. Circ J 2012; 76:1712-21. [PMID: 22481103 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal therapy, namely Waon therapy, has previously been reported to regulate nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and augment ischemia-induced angiogenesis in mice and improve limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the precise mechanism by which Waon therapy augments angiogenesis in mice with hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and Waon therapy was performed for 5 weeks. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), phosphorylated-Akt, and phosphorylated-eNOS were detected in arterial endothelial cells of ischemic hindlimbs and all were upregulated by Waon therapy compared to controls. Waon therapy also increased serum concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. Capillary density and the ischemic limb/normal side blood perfusion ratio monitored by laser Doppler perfusion imaging in the Waon therapy group were significantly increased beyond those in the control group. The effect of Waon therapy on angiogenesis through the activation of the Hsp90/Akt/eNOS pathway was attenuated by the administration of a Hsp90 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that Waon therapy upregulates Hsp90, which contributes to the activation of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway, and induces angiogenesis in mice with hindlimb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Žurek J, Fedora M. The usefulness of S100B, NSE, GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 as a predictive biomarker of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154:93-103; discussion 103. [PMID: 21976236 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-011-1175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting the long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important component of treatment strategy. Despite dramatically improved emergency management of TBI and apparent clinical recovery, most patients with TBI still may have long-term central nervous system (CNS) impairment. METHODS Sixty-three patients with TBI were enrolled into the prospective study. Venous blood samples were taken at admission and every 24 h for a maximum of 6 consecutive days. Serum concentrations of the biomarkers S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 were quantified immuno-luminometrically or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The outcome was evaluated 6 months after TBI using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in all patients. RESULTS The S100B levels in patients with worse outcome (GOS 4 or death) were already significantly higher at D0 (p < 0.001; p = 0.002). NSE levels were significantly higher in patients who died or had worse outcomes (p < 0.001; p = 0.003). Patients who had worse outcomes (GOS) or died had higher GFAP values (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), but their dynamics were similar over the same period. NF-H grew significantly faster in patients who had a worse GOS or died (p < 0.001; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although further prospective study is warranted, these findings suggest that levels of biomarkers correlate with mortality and may be useful as predictors of outcome in children with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Žurek
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Children‘s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ankersmit HJ, Nickl S, Hoeltl E, Toepker M, Lambers C, Mitterbauer A, Kortuem B, Zimmermann M, Moser B, Bekos C, Steinlechner B, Hofbauer H, Klepetko W, Schenk P, Dome B. Increased Serum Levels of HSP27 as a Marker for Incipient Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Young Smokers. Respiration 2012; 83:391-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000336557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Ardi VC, Alexander LD, Johnson VA, McAlpine SR. Macrocycles that inhibit the binding between heat shock protein 90 and TPR-containing proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1357-66. [PMID: 21950602 DOI: 10.1021/cb200203m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) accounts for 1-2% of the total proteins in normal cells and functions as a molecular chaperone that folds, assembles, and stabilizes client proteins. Hsp90 is overexpressed (3- to 6-fold increase) in stressed cells, including cancer cells, and regulates over 200 client and co-chaperone proteins. Hsp90 client proteins are involved in a plethora of cellular signaling events including numerous growth and apoptotic pathways. Since pathway-specific inhibitors can be problematic in drug-resistant cancers, shutting down multiple pathways at once is a promising approach when developing new therapeutics. Hsp90's ability to modulate many growth and signaling pathways simultaneously makes this protein an attractive target in the field of cancer therapeutics. Herein we present evidence that a small molecule modulates Hsp90 via binding between the N and middle domain and allosterically inhibiting the binding interaction between Hsp90 and four C-terminal binding client proteins: IP6K2, FKBP38, FKBP52, and HOP. These last three clients contain a tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR) region, which is known to interact with the MEEVD sequence on the C-terminus of Hsp90. Thus, this small molecule modulates the activity between co-chaperones that contain TPR motifs and Hsp90's MEEVD region. This mechanism of action is unique from that of all Hsp90 inhibitors currently in clinical trials where these molecules have no effect on proteins that bind to the C-terminus of Hsp90. Further, our small molecule induces a Caspase-3 dependent apoptotic event. Thus, we describe the mechanism of a novel scaffold that is a useful tool for studying cell-signaling events that result when blocking the MEEVD-TPR interaction between Hsp90 and co-chaperone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C. Ardi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Leslie D. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Victoria A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Shelli R. McAlpine
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, 219 Dalton, Gate 2 High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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Decreased expression of hepatic signaling phosphoproteins after laparoscopic and hand-assisted surgery in a porcine model. J Surg Res 2011; 176:608-13. [PMID: 22099598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with a decreased activation of both systemic and peritoneal immunity compared with the open technique. However, hepatic response to laparoscopic (LAP) and hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) surgery has not been defined well. We postulated that both LAP and HAL approaches are associated with a diminished activation of hepatic inflammatory signaling pathways compared with the traditional open surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen pigs underwent a transabdominal nephrectomy via Open, HAL, or LAP approach. Liver samples were obtained 24 h postoperatively and spot frozen. Frozen tissue samples were then homogenized and the nuclear pellets were separated and stored. Nuclear extracts were analyzed for activation of three nuclear signaling phosphoproteins: nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB)-p65, heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) using a standard Bioplex technique. Statistical comparison was performed using ANOVA and Student's t-test. RESULTS The average expression of HSP27 was significantly higher in the Open versus either the LAP or the HAL groups (P = 0.028 and P = 0.039). The average expression of NFκB-p65 was significantly higher in the Open versus either the LAP or the HAL groups (P = 0.032 and P = 0.049). The average expression of p38MAPK was significantly higher in the Open versus either the LAP or the HAL groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.036). There was no significant difference in the expressions of HSP27 and NFκB-p65 between LAP and HAL groups (P = 0.38 and P = 0.20), however, detection of p38MAPK generated statistical difference between these two groups (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been widely accepted as an effective alternative to traditional laparoscopic procedures. We demonstrated that both laparoscopic and hand-assisted approaches resulted in blunted hepatic stress manifested by diminished expression of hepatic HSP27, NFκB, and p38-MAPK. In addition, the hand-assisted approach was equal to the laparoscopic approach in two of the three phosphoproteins studied. It appears that the use of hand-assisted techniques did not abrogate immunologic benefits of pure laparoscopy. Overall, in addition to the clinical benefits of minimal access, both hand-assisted and pure laparoscopic techniques may also confer an immunologic advantage over laparotomy.
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Erythroid Differentiation Regulator 1, an Interleukin 18-Regulated Gene, Acts as a Metastasis Suppressor in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2096-104. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Khalil AA, Kabapy NF, Deraz SF, Smith C. Heat shock proteins in oncology: diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:89-104. [PMID: 21605630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins induced in cells exposed to different insults. This induction of HSPs allows cells to survive stress conditions. Mammalian HSPs have been classified into six families according to their molecular size: HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40 and small HSPs (15 to 30kDa) including HSP27. These proteins act as molecular chaperones either helping in the refolding of misfolded proteins or assisting in their elimination if they become irreversibly damaged. In recent years, proteomic studies have characterized several different HSPs in various tumor types which may be putative clinical biomarkers or molecular targets for cancer therapy. This has led to the development of a series of molecules capable of inhibiting HSPs. Numerous studies speculated that over-expression of HSP is in part responsible for resistance to many anti-tumor agents and chemotherapeutics. Hence, from a pharmacological point of view, the co-administration of HSP inhibitors together with other anti-tumor agents is of major importance in overcoming therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of HSPs in autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases with special emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Khalil
- Department of Protein Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Mubarak City for Scientific Research, New Borg Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Mammen A, Kubin J, Greeley WJ, Schears GJ, Pastuszko P, F Wilson D, Pastuszko A. Effect of hypoxia on expression of selected proteins involved in regulation of apoptotic activity in striatum of newborn piglets. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:746-53. [PMID: 21229310 PMCID: PMC3071469 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The levels of selected neuroregulatory proteins that inhibit or promote apoptotic cell death were measured in the striatum of piglets subjected to precisely controlled 1 h hypoxic insult followed by 0, 2 and 4 h recovery and compared to sham operated animals. The anti-apoptotic proteins: there were increases in Survivin at 0 (157%, P = 0.031) and 4 h (171%, P = 0.033), in Bcl-XL at 0 (138%, P = 0.028) and 4 h (143%, P = 0.007), in VEGF at 4 h (185%, P = 0.019) and Hsp27 at 2 h (144%, P = 0.05) and 4 h (143%, P = 0.05). The pro-apoptotic proteins: caspases-1 and 7 increased at 4 h (135%, P = 0.05) and (129%, P = 0.038), respectively. Bim increased after 4 h (115%, P = 0.028), Apoptosis Inducing Factor after 2 h (127%, P = 0.048) and Calpain after 4 h (143% of control, P = 0.04). Hypoxia causes increase in levels of both anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins. Their relative activity determines the outcome in terms of cell damage and neuronal deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mammen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Han I, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Koh W, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Chen CY, Jung MH, Kim SH. Proteomic analysis of mesenchymal stem-like cells derived from ovarian teratoma: potential role of glutathione S-transferase M2 in ovarian teratoma. Proteomics 2011; 11:352-60. [PMID: 21268265 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian teratoma is a dermoid cyst in the ovary that contains mature tissues such as hair, teeth, bone, thyroid, etc. To understand the molecular mechanisms of ovarian teratoma growth, a comparative proteomic analysis was undertaken using mesenchymal stem cell-like cells (MSCLCs) isolated from normal human ovarian or teratoma tissues. Both normal ovarian and teratoma MSCLCs expressed stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG, and were negatively staining with the senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase. Furthermore, teratoma MSCLCs had higher proliferation and colony formation rates, with more angiogenic property than that of normal MSCLCs. Proteomic study revealed that 17 proteins had the expression changes over eightfold in ovarian teratoma MSCLCs compared with normal control. Interestingly, among them, GSTM2 was strongly expressed in teratoma MSCLCs. Moreover, overexpressed GSTM2 in the teratoma was associated with downregulation of p38 MAPK and activation of AKT and survivin. Taken together, these findings suggest that that ovarian teratoma MSCLCs have a higher potency for proliferation and angiogenesis and GSTM2 appears to be involved in the regulation of other survival genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihn Han
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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49
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Valera VA, Li-Ning-T E, Walter BA, Roberts DD, Linehan WM, Merino MJ. Protein expression profiling in the spectrum of renal cell carcinomas. J Cancer 2010; 1:184-96. [PMID: 20975849 PMCID: PMC2962428 DOI: 10.7150/jca.1.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protein expression profile of a spectrum of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) to find potential biomarkers for disease onset and progression and therefore, prospective therapeutic targets. A 2D-gel based proteomic analysis was used to outline differences in protein levels among different subtypes of renal cell carcinomas, including clear cell carcinomas, papillary lesions, chromophobe tumors and renal oncocytomas. Spot pattern was compared to the corresponding normal kidney from the same patients and distinctive, differentially expressed proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry. Twenty-one protein spots were found differentially expressed between clear cell RCC and normal tissue and 38 spots were found expressed in chromophobe tumors. Eleven proteins were identified, with most differentially expressed -by fold change- between clear cell tumors and the corresponding normal tissue. Two of the identified proteins, Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI-1) and Heat Shock protein 27 (Hsp27), were further validated in a separate set of tumors by immunohistochemistry and expression levels were correlated with clinicopathologic features of the patients. Hsp27 was highly expressed in 82% of the tumors used for validation, and all cases showed strong immunoreactivity for TPI-1. In both Hsp27 and TPI-1, protein expression positively correlated with histologic features of the disease. Our results suggest that the subjacent cytogenetic abnormalities seen in different histological types of RCC are followed by specific changes in protein expression. From these changes, Hsp27 and TPI-1 emerged as potential candidates for the differentiation and prognosis in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Valera
- 1. Surgical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Elsa Li-Ning-T
- 1. Surgical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Beatriz A Walter
- 1. Surgical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - David D. Roberts
- 2. Biochemical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - W M Linehan
- 3. Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- 1. Surgical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Sellers RP, Alexander LD, Johnson VA, Lin CC, Savage J, Corral R, Moss J, Slugocki TS, Singh EK, Davis MR, Ravula S, Spicer JE, Oelrich JL, Thornquist A, Pan CM, McAlpine SR. Design and synthesis of Hsp90 inhibitors: exploring the SAR of Sansalvamide A derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6822-56. [PMID: 20708938 PMCID: PMC2933939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the structure-activity relationship we have developed during the synthesis of the first two generations and mechanism of action studies that point to the interaction of these molecules with the key oncogenic protein Hsp90, we report here the design of 32 new Sansalvamide A derivatives and their synthesis. Our new structures, designed from previously reported potent compounds, were tested for cytotoxicity on the HCT116 colon cancer cell line, and their binding to the biological target was analyzed using computational studies involving blind docking of derivatives using Autodock. Further, we show new evidence that our molecules bind directly to Hsp90 and modulate Hsp90's binding with client proteins. Finally, we demonstrate that we have integrated good ADME properties into a new derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Sellers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Leslie D. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Victoria A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Chun-Chieh Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Jeremiah Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Ricardo Corral
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Jason Moss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Tim S. Slugocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Erinprit K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Melinda R. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Suchitra Ravula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Jamie E. Spicer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Jenna L. Oelrich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Andrea Thornquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Chung-Mao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
| | - Shelli R. McAlpine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030. Tel: 619-594-5580, fax: 619-594-4634
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