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Zoehler B, de Aguiar AM, Silveira GF. SAEDC: Development of a technological solution for exploratory data analysis and statistics in cytotoxicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:483-490. [PMID: 38261941 PMCID: PMC10796974 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intergovernmental organizations Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) have developed guidelines for the use of in vitro models for toxicological evaluation of chemicals. However, the presence of manual steps and the requirement of multiple tools for data analysis, apart from being costly and time-consuming, can inadvertently introduce errors by researchers. OBJECTIVES We have developed the SAEDC platform (Technological Solution for Exploratory Data Analysis and Statistics for Cytotoxicity, in Portuguese), which enables analysis of cytotoxicity data from assays following OECD Guideline No. 129. METHODOLOGY In vitro experimental data were used to compare with the analysis methodology suggested in the Guideline. We analyzed 117 data sets covering chemicals from Category I to Unclassified according to GHS classification. RESULTS The four-parameters of non-linear regression (4PL) calculated by the SAEDC platform showed no significant differences compared to standard methodology in any of the data sets (p > 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R-squared) also demonstrated not only a good fit of the 4PL model to the data but also significant similarity to values obtained by the conventional methodology. Finally, the SAEDC platform predicted LD50 values for the chemicals from IC50, using the Registry of Cytotoxicity (RC) regression models. CONCLUSION The comparison with the standard data analysis methodology revealed that SAEDC platform fulfills the requirements for cytotoxicity data analysis, generating reliable and accurate results with fewer steps performed by researchers. The use of SAEDC platform for obtaining toxicity values can reduce analysis time compared to the standard methodology proposed by regulatory agencies. Thus, automation of the analysis using the SAEDC platform has the potential to save time and resources for cytotoxicity researchers and laboratories while generating reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Zoehler
- Instituto Carlos Chagas – ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Melo de Aguiar
- Plataforma de Bioensaios com métodos alternativos em citotoxicidade, Instituto Carlos Chagas – ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas – ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Brazil
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Hansen J, Xiong Y, Siddiq MM, Dhanan P, Hu B, Shewale B, Yadaw AS, Jayaraman G, Tolentino RE, Chen Y, Martinez P, Beaumont KG, Sebra R, Vidovic D, Schürer SC, Goldfarb J, Gallo JM, Birtwistle MR, Sobie EA, Azeloglu EU, Berger SI, Chan A, Schaniel C, Dubois NC, Iyengar R. Multiscale mapping of transcriptomic signatures for cardiotoxic drugs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7968. [PMID: 39261481 PMCID: PMC11390749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced gene expression profiles can identify potential mechanisms of toxicity. We focus on obtaining signatures for cardiotoxicity of FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, using bulk transcriptomic profiles. We use singular value decomposition to identify drug-selective patterns across cell lines obtained from multiple healthy human subjects. Cellular pathways affected by cardiotoxic TKIs include energy metabolism, contractile, and extracellular matrix dynamics. Projecting these pathways to published single cell expression profiles indicates that TKI responses can be evoked in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Integration of transcriptomic outlier analysis with whole genomic sequencing of our six cell lines enables us to correctly reidentify a genomic variant causally linked to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and predict genomic variants potentially associated with TKI-induced cardiotoxicity. We conclude that mRNA expression profiles when integrated with publicly available genomic, pathway, and single cell transcriptomic datasets, provide multiscale signatures for cardiotoxicity that could be used for drug development and patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hansen
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Yuguang Xiong
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mustafa M Siddiq
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Priyanka Dhanan
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bhavana Shewale
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Arjun S Yadaw
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gomathi Jayaraman
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rosa E Tolentino
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yibang Chen
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kristin G Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dusica Vidovic
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Stephan C Schürer
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Joseph Goldfarb
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - James M Gallo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo SUNY System, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Eric A Sobie
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New, York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seth I Berger
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20012, USA
| | - Angel Chan
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicole C Dubois
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Bhuia MS, Chowdhury R, Akter MA, Ali MA, Afroz M, Akbor MS, Sonia FA, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. A mechanistic insight into the anticancer potentials of resveratrol: Current perspectives. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38768953 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a widely recognized polyphenolic phytochemical found in various plants and their fruits, such as peanuts, grapes, and berry fruits. It is renowned for its several health advantages. The phytochemical is well known for its anticancer properties, and a substantial amount of clinical evidence has also established its promise as a chemotherapeutic agent. This study focuses on assessing the anticancer properties of resveratrol and gaining insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms. It also evaluates the biopharmaceutical, toxicological characteristics, and clinical utilization of resveratrol to determine its suitability for further development as a reliable anticancer agent. Therefore, the information about preclinical and clinical studies was collected from different electronic databases up-to-date (2018-2023). Findings from this study revealed that resveratrol has potent therapeutic benefits against various cancers involving different molecular mechanisms, such as induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell migration and invasion, autophagy, arresting of the S phase of the cell cycle, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and antiproliferative effects by regulating different molecular pathways including PI3K/AKT, p38/MAPK/ERK, NGFR-AMPK-mTOR, and so on. However, the compound has poor oral bioavailability due to reduced absorption; this limitation is overcome by applying nanotechnology (nanoformulation of resveratrol). Clinical application also showed therapeutic benefits in several types of cancer with no serious adverse effects. We suggest additional extensive studies to further check the efficacy, safety, and long-term hazards. This could involve a larger number of clinical samples to establish the compound as a reliable drug in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Asma Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arman Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Meher Afroz
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Showkot Akbor
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Sonia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Cresti L, Cappello G, Pini A. Antimicrobial Peptides towards Clinical Application-A Long History to Be Concluded. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4870. [PMID: 38732089 PMCID: PMC11084544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules with an amphipathic structure that enables them to interact with bacterial membranes. This interaction can lead to membrane crossing and disruption with pore formation, culminating in cell death. They are produced naturally in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. In higher animals, they are part of the innate immune system, where they counteract infection by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. AMPs can also be designed de novo by bioinformatic approaches or selected from combinatorial libraries, and then produced by chemical or recombinant procedures. Since their discovery, AMPs have aroused interest as potential antibiotics, although few have reached the market due to stability limits or toxicity. Here, we describe the development phase and a number of clinical trials of antimicrobial peptides. We also provide an update on AMPs in the pharmaceutical industry and an overall view of their therapeutic market. Modifications to peptide structures to improve stability in vivo and bioavailability are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cresti
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Cappello
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (A.P.)
- SetLance srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
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5
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Langeder J, Koch M, Schmietendorf H, Tahir A, Grienke U, Rollinger JM, Schmidtke M. Correlation of bioactive marker compounds of an orally applied Morus alba root bark extract with toxicity and efficacy in BALB/c mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193118. [PMID: 38143489 PMCID: PMC10739329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In traditional Chinese medicine, the root bark of Morus alba L. is used to treat respiratory infections. Recently, anti-inflammatory and multiple anti-infective activities (against influenza viruses, corona virus 2, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae) were shown in vitro for a standardized root bark extract from M. alba (MA60). Sanggenons C and D were identified as major active constituents of MA60. The aim of the present preclinical study was to evaluate, whether these findings are transferable to an in vivo setting. Methods: MA60 was orally administered to female BALB/c mice to determine 1) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in an acute toxicity study and 2) its anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory effects in an efficacy study. A further aim was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the obtained results and the amount of sanggenons C and D in serum and tissues. For the quantitation of the marker compounds sanggenons C and D in serum and tissue samples an UPLC-ESI-MS method was developed and validated. Results: In our study setting, the MTD was reached at 100 mg/kg. In the efficacy study, the treatment effects were moderate. Dose-dependent quantities of sanggenon C in serum and sanggenon D in liver samples were detected. Only very low concentrations of sanggenons C and D were determined in lung samples and none of these compounds was found in spleen samples. There was no compound accumulation when MA60 was administered repeatedly. Discussion: The herein determined low serum concentration after oral application once daily encourages the use of an alternative application route like intravenous, inhalation or intranasal administration and/or multiple dosing in further trials. The established method for the quantitation of the marker sanggenon compounds in tissue samples serves as a basis to determine pharmacokinetic parameters such as their bioavailability in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Langeder
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirijam Koch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmietendorf
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Peixoto JF, Oliveira ADS, Gonçalves-Oliveira LF, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR. Epoxy-α-lapachone (2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-10,2'-oxirane]-5(10H)-one): a promising molecule to control infections caused by protozoan parasites. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:102743. [PMID: 36731538 PMCID: PMC9932704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been sources of search and research for new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases. Naphthoquinones, a special group of quinones, are products of natural metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activities and represent a group of interesting molecules for new therapeutic propositions. Among these compounds, lapachol stands out as a molecule from the heartwood of Tabebuia sp. whose structural changes resulted in compounds considered promising, such as epoxy-α-lapachone (ELAP). The biological activity of ELAP has been demonstrated, so far, for parasitic protozoa such as Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium spp., species causing diseases needing new drug development and adequate health policy. This work gathers in vitro and in vivo studies on these parasites, as well as the toxicity profile, and the probable mechanisms of action elucidated until then. The potential of ELAP-based technology alternatives for a further drug is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Figueiredo Peixoto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriane da Silva Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Gonçalves-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Naproxen sodium nanoparticles are less toxic and gastroprotective agents than the conventional NSAID drug naproxen sodium in Balb/c mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 452:116192. [PMID: 35952772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the leading causes of gastric ulcers. Excellent therapeutic properties have made the use of NSAIDs widespread. Nano-drug delivery to reduce systemic toxicity through modulating drug pharmacokinetics may be a better choice. Presently, we investigated if naproxen nanoformulation (PVA capped NPRS-MgO NPs) is less toxic to be used as an alternative drug. Groups of mice were assigned to control, NPRS-treated, CNF-treated, UNF-treated, and MgO NPs-treated groups. Analyses included gross examination of gastric mucosa, calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices, determination of tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH), histological and immunohistochemical assessment of i-NOS, COX-2, and caspase-3 of stomach mucosa, q-PCR for the detection of mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results were compared statistically at P < 0.05. Compared to NPRS-treated mice which developed multiple ulcers, had elevated MDA and ROS levels, and deceased CAT, POD, SOD, and GSH levels, significantly increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA, damaged surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and leucocyte infiltration of lamina propria with a marked increase in mucosal COX-2, i-NOS, and caspase-3 expression, oral administration of coated and uncoated naproxen nanoformulations prevented the gross mucosal damage by a restoration of all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations to near control levels. The present study demonstrates that naproxen sodium nanoformulation has a gastroprotective action and in the clinical setting can be a better alternative to conventional naproxen.
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Jiang M, Chattopadhyay AN, Rotello VM. Cell-Based Chemical Safety Assessment and Therapeutic Discovery Using Array-Based Sensors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3672. [PMID: 35409032 PMCID: PMC8998465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemicals are widely used in food, agriculture, and medicine, making chemical safety assessments necessary for environmental exposure. In addition, the rapid determination of chemical drug efficacy and safety is a key step in therapeutic discoveries. Cell-based screening methods are non-invasive as compared with animal studies. Cellular phenotypic changes can also provide more sensitive indicators of chemical effects than conventional cell viability. Array-based cell sensors can be engineered to maximize sensitivity to changes in cell phenotypes, lowering the threshold for detecting cellular responses under external stimuli. Overall, array-based sensing can provide a robust strategy for both cell-based chemical risk assessments and therapeutics discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (M.J.); (A.N.C.)
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de Lima DA, Andreotti CEL, Antiquera Ferreira F, Pauli KB, da Silva GR, Ribeiro RDCL, Dalsenter PR, Boechat N, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB, Lívero FADR. Safety assessment of MEFAS: an innovative hybrid salt of mefloquine and artesunate for malaria treatment. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:380-385. [PMID: 31060457 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1607371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a global public health problem that causes approximately 445 000 deaths annually worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries. Because of the high prevalence and mortality of the disease, new and less toxic therapeutic agents need to be developed, such as MEFAS, a low-cost hybrid salt that consists of artesunate and mefloquine. However, the efficacy of MEFAS has been systematically demonstrated, its safety requires further investigation. This study investigated the acute toxicity of MEFAS and its precursors, artesunate, and mefloquine. A total of 42 female Swiss mice were divided into seven groups (n = 6/group) that were treated orally by gavage with vehicle (filtered water, negative control), MEFAS (50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg), and 1:1 concentrations of artesunate + mefloquine (50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Clinical signs of toxicity were observed for 14 d after treatment. On day 15, the animals were weighed, deeply anesthetized with isoflurane, and euthanized for subsequent collection of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The relative organ weights were determined, followed by histopathological analysis. Artesunate + mefloquine produced toxic effects compared with the negative control group, reflected by changes in clinical signs, relative organ weights, and histopathological alterations. In MEFAS-treated animals, no changes were observed compared with the negative control group. These findings demonstrate that MEFAS is safer than artesunate + mefloquine after acute administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniely Alves de Lima
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karoline Bach Pauli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Technology and Pharmaceuticals, FIOCRUZ Farmanguinhos/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Buckley LA, Dorato MA. High dose selection in general toxicity studies for drug development: A pharmaceutical industry perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 54:301-7. [PMID: 19477212 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The choice of an appropriate high dose for nonclinical toxicology studies continues to generate significant discussion and debate. Typically, use of the term "high dose" reflects a consideration of a Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) or a Maximum Feasible Dose (MFD), inexact terms applied to the design of nonclinical studies conducted to support human clinical trials for experimental new drugs. A pharmaceutical industry perspective on appropriate considerations for high doses in nonclinical studies is provided herein, however, the basic principles applied to the design of toxicology studies translate across the areas of Regulatory, Academic, and Industrial toxicology. Dose selection approaches for nonclinical studies of safety assessment for pharmaceuticals should consider the need to demonstrate the full range of the dose-response continuum (e.g., NOAEL through a toxic dose), however, should also take into account relevance to human therapeutic doses and incorporate clinical indication- and phase-specific considerations.
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