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Guarnier LP, Moro LG, Lívero FADR, de Faria CA, Azevedo MF, Roma BP, Albuquerque ER, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues AGD, da Silva AA, Sekiya EJ, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Regenerative and translational medicine in COPD: hype and hope. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:220223. [PMID: 37495247 PMCID: PMC10369169 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0223-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a common, preventable and usually progressive disease associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lung, generally caused by exposure to noxious particles and gases. It is a treatable disease characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to abnormalities in the airways and/or alveoli. COPD is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide, representing a serious public health problem and a high social and economic burden. Despite significant advances, effective clinical treatments have not yet been achieved. In this scenario, cell-based therapies have emerged as potentially promising therapeutic approaches. However, there are only a few published studies of cell-based therapies in human patients with COPD and a small number of ongoing clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov Despite the advances and interesting results, numerous doubts and questions remain about efficacy, mechanisms of action, culture conditions, doses, timing, route of administration and conditions related to homing and engraftment of the infused cells. This article presents the state of the art of cell-based therapy in COPD. Clinical trials that have already been completed and with published results are discussed in detail. We also discuss the questions that remain unanswered about cell-based regenerative and translational medicine for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Gozzi Moro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Butantan Institute, Technological Research Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Fogaça Azevedo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pizoni Roma
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Malagutti-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | | | - Adelson Alves da Silva
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP - São Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliseo Joji Sekiya
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP - São Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
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Boeing T, Reis Lívero FAD, de Souza P, de Almeida DAT, Donadel G, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto Junior A. Natural Products as Modulators of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases: Advances and Opportunities. J Med Food 2023; 26:279-298. [PMID: 37186894 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria have an important role in modulating cell cycle progression, cell survival, and apoptosis. In the adult heart, the cardiac mitochondria have a unique spatial arrangement and occupy nearly one-third the volume of a cardiomyocyte, being highly efficient for converting the products of glucose or fatty acid metabolism into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In cardiomyocytes, the decline of mitochondrial function reduces ATP generation and increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which generates impaired heart function. This is because mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cytosolic calcium concentration and modulation of muscle contraction, as ATP is required to dissociate actin from myosin. Beyond that, mitochondria have a significant role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis because it is evident that patients who have cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased mitochondrial DNA damage to the heart and aorta. Many studies have shown that natural products have mitochondria-modulating effects in cardiac diseases, determining them as potential candidates for new medicines. This review outlines the leading plant secondary metabolites and natural compounds derived from microorganisms as modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Santos AFD, Souza MMQ, Amaral EC, Albuquerque ER, Bortoloti DS, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB, Lovato ECW, Lívero FADR. Bacopa monnieri in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Med Food 2023; 26:114-119. [PMID: 36800346 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. could be of interest in the control of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but clinical evidence of its efficacy is lacking. This clinical trial assessed the effects of an extract of B. monnieri on parameters that are related to Parkinson's diseases. Twenty volunteers with Parkinson's disease were recruited for a primary, interventional, controlled, parallel, double-blind clinical study. The volunteers were assigned to treatment with either a commercial B. monnieri extract (225 or 450 mg/day) or placebo. The Parkinson's Disease Quality-of-Life (PDQL) questionnaire was applied, and motor activity was assessed before treatment and 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment with the B. monnieri extract or placebo. Characteristics such as age, body weight, and height were also collected. No differences in parkinsonian and systemic symptoms, emotional function, or social function were observed between. The delta percent (Δ%) showed time-dependent improvements in emotional function with B. monnieri treatment at the daily dose of 450 mg. A strong correlation was found between quality of life and motor outcomes at baseline and 30 days of treatment with B. monnieri, and a moderate correlation for 60 and 90 days of treatment with B. monnieri when compared with baseline time. A moderate correlation was found between motor outcomes and Hoehn and Yahr stages at baseline. Our results suggest that B. monnieri extract can improve emotional function in Parkinson's disease patients, but further clinical trials are needed to confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fuentes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Marília Moraes Queiroz Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Carolina Amaral
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilson Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Post-Graduate in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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de Souza ANV, Faria MGI, da Rocha CE, Philippsen GS, Silva GCC, da Silva GR, Inumaro RS, Gonçalves JE, Gazim ZC, Wietzikoski S, Lívero FADR, Seixas FAV, Wietzikoski Lovato EC. Bioactive compounds with antifungal activity against pathogens isolated from pregnant woman: Gallesia integrifolia (garlic wood) is a promising treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 295:115403. [PMID: 35643209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves, bark, and roots of Gallesia integrifolia are consumed in folk medicine through infusion, decoction, and topical preparation by crushing because of its pharmacological properties in several peripheral system disorders, including microbial infections. The presence of various molecules in different parts of the plant likely confers this species' fungicidal action, but scientific evidence is lacking. Vulvovaginal candidiasis mainly affects women of reproductive age. When left untreated, it can cause pregnancy complications. Currently available antifungals often cause undesirable side effects. New alternative therapeutic strategies based on medicinal plants have been proposed. AIM To investigate the antifungal activity of G. integrifolia against vulvovaginal candidiasis secretion in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antifungal activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), determined by broth microdilution method using Candida spp (NEWP1210), C. albicans (CCCD-CC001), C. tropicalis (CCCD-CC002) standard and clinical isolates from pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nystatin and fluconazole were used as positive controls. The chemical composition of essential oils that were extracted from leaves, flowers, and fruits of G. integrifolia was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Reverse docking was used to suggest a possible target in Candida. Conventional docking was used to identify the most probable compound that inhibits fungal growth. RESULTS A total of 24 compounds were identified, accounting for ∼99% of volatile constituents in the essential oils. Leaves of G. integrifolia contained 3,5-dithiahexanol-5,5-dioxide (40.93%), flowers contained methionine ethyl ester (46.78%), and fruits contained 2,8-dithianonane (54.01%) as the most abundant compounds. The MICs of essential oils of leaves, flowers, and fruits of G. integrifolia against standard strains of Candida spp, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis ranged from 13.01 to 625.00 μg/mL. The essential oil of flowers more effectively inhibited Candida spp. Essential oils of leaves and flowers were similar to fluconazole against C. albicans. Essential oils of flowers and fruits were similar to fluconazole against C. tropocalis. In Candida yeast species that were isolated from vaginal secretion samples from pregnant patients, the MICs of leaves and flowers ranged from 52.08 to 5000.00 μg/mL. The essential oil of leaves (277.77 μg/mL) was the most active against C. albicans. No significant differences were found between the essential oils of leaves and flowers against C. glabrata. Docking simulations suggested that phytol in leaves and flowers was responsible for the antimicrobial effect. CONCLUSION The present results suggest the potential therapeutic use of G. integrifolia, especially its leaves and flowers, against Candida and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nascimento Vasques de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Edna da Rocha
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sadao Inumaro
- Postgraduate Program in Clean Technologies and Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Cesumar University, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Clean Technologies and Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Cesumar University, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Samantha Wietzikoski
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
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Auth PA, da Silva GR, Amaral EC, Bortoli VF, Manzano MI, de Souza LM, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Croton urucurana Baill. Ameliorates Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886122. [PMID: 35668935 PMCID: PMC9164250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects a quarter of the worldwide population, but no drug therapies have yet been developed. Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal species, that is, widely distributed in Brazil. It is used in popular medicine to treat gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine system diseases. However, its hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects have not yet been scientifically investigated. Aim of the study: The present study investigated the effects of an extract of C. urucurana in a rat model of MAFLD that was associated with multiple risk factors, including hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia. Material and Methods: The phytochemical composition of C. urucurana was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spontaneously hypertensive rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day for 10 weeks). During the last 5 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control [C-] group), C. urucurana extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin + enalapril (two standard reference drugs that are commonly used to treat dyslipidemia and hypertension, respectively). One group of rats that were not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated (basal group). Blood was collected for the analysis of cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was also processed for antioxidant and histopathological analysis. Results: The main constituents of the C. urucurana extract were flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. The model successfully induced MAFLD, reflected by increases in AST and ALT levels, and induced oxidative stress in the C- group. Treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg) and simvastatin + enalapril decreased plasma and hepatic lipid levels. In contrast to simvastatin + enalapril treatment, C. urucurana reduced AST and ALT levels. Massive lesions were observed in the liver in the C- group, which were reversed by treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg). Conclusion:C. urucurana extract exerted promising hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects in a preclinical rat model of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Carolina Amaral
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Victor Fajardo Bortoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Post-Graduate in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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Squassoni SD, Sekiya EJ, Fiss E, Lapa MS, Cayetano DDS, Nascimento F, Alves A, Machado NC, Escaramboni B, Lívero FADR, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, Soares MR, Dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Kramer BKN, Zago PMJJ, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Autologous Infusion of Bone Marrow and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 16:3561-3574. [PMID: 35002228 PMCID: PMC8733220 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s332613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, chronic inflammation and persistent respiratory symptoms. There is no curative clinical treatment for COPD. In this context, cell-based therapy is a promising therapeutic alternative for COPD. Thus, in this open, controlled and randomized Phase I Clinical Trial, we aimed to assess the safety of the infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC), adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSC) and, especially, the safety of concomitant infusion (co-infusion) of BMMC and ADSC as a new therapeutic alternative for COPD. The rationale for co-infusion of BMMC and ADSC is based on the hypothesis of an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect resulting from this association. Methods To achieve the proposed objectives, twenty patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomly divided into four groups: control group - patients receiving conventional treatment; BMMC group - patients receiving only BMMC; ADSC group - patients receiving only ADSC, and co-infusion group - patients receiving the concomitant infusion of BMMC and ADSC. Patients were assessed for pulmonary function, biochemical profile, and quality of life over a 12 months follow-up. Results No adverse events were detected immediately after the infusion of BMMC, ADSC or co-infusion. In the 12-month follow-up, no causal relationship was established between adverse events and cell therapy procedures. Regarding the efficacy, the BMMC group showed an increase in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Co-infusion group showed a DLCO, and gas exchange improvement and a better quality of life. Conclusion The results obtained allow us to conclude that cell-based therapy with co-infusion of BMMC and ADSC is a safe procedure and a promising therapeutic for COPD. However, additional studies with a greater number of patients are needed before randomized and controlled Phase III clinical trials can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliseo Joji Sekiya
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP-Sao Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elie Fiss
- ABC Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia Nascimento
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP-Sao Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelson Alves
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP-Sao Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Souto CGRG, Lorençone BR, Marques AAM, Palozi RAC, Romão PVM, Guarnier LP, Tirloni CAS, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Zago PMJJ, Lívero FADR, Lourenço ELB, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective effects of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114568. [PMID: 34461188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Talinaceae) is a medicinal species that is widely distributed throughout Brazil. Popularly known as "major-gomes," the species is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of T. paniculatum (EETP) in rats with renovascular hypertension and heart failure and determine its chemical composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, EETP was obtained, and its chemical profile was analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. The acute toxicity was evaluated in female Wistar rats. The model of renovascular hypertension was established in male Wistar rats by combining the Goldblatt 2K1C method and intraperitoneal doxorubicin administration for 6 weeks. The animals were then treated daily with EETP (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) or metoprolol (25 mg/kg) by gavage for 28 days. The negative control group was treated with vehicle (filtered water). The sham group consisted of animals that were not subjected to 2K1C or cardiotoxicity and were treated with vehicle. Renal function was evaluated on days 1, 14, and 28. At the end of treatment, the electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, and mesenteric vascular reactivity were investigated. Serum urea, creatinine, angiotensin converting enzyme, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, nitrite, aldosterone, and sodium and potassium levels were measured. The heart, aorta artery, liver, and right kidney were collected, weighed, and processed for histopathological analysis. Cardiac chambers also underwent morphometric analysis. RESULTS No signs of toxicity were observed in female Wistar rats. Thirty-two compounds were annotated from EETP, including flavonoids, chlorogenic acids, and saponins. EETP treatment resulted in a significant cardiorenal-protective response, normalizing electrocardiographic and hemodynamic alterations, and preventing ventricle remodeling. These effects were associated with serum antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that EETP may exert cardioprotective effects through serum antioxidant activity and ACE inhibition, preventing alterations of hemodynamic and endothelial function, and reducing damage to cardiac structure. Thus, EETP, especially at the 100 and 300 mg/kg doses, may be useful for preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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da Silva da Costa FA, Soares MR, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, da Silva GR, Lívero FADR, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures as a Research Platform in Lung Diseases and COVID-19. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:735-745. [PMID: 34080133 PMCID: PMC8172328 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are a major public health problem worldwide. In the current epidemiological context, CRD have received much interest when considering their correlation with greater susceptibility to SARS-Cov-2 and severe disease (COVID-19). Increasingly more studies have investigated pathophysiological interactions between CRD and COVID-19. AREA COVERED Animal experimentation has decisively contributed to advancing our knowledge of CRD. Considering the increase in ethical restrictions in animal experimentation, researchers must focus on new experimental alternatives. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures have complemented animal models and significantly contributed to advancing research in the life sciences. However, 2D cell cultures have several limitations in studies of cellular interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent a new and robust platform for studying complex biological processes and are a promising alternative in regenerative and translational medicine. EXPERT OPINION Three-dimensional cell cultures are obtained by combining several types of cells in integrated and self-organized systems in a 3D structure. These 3D cell culture systems represent an efficient methodological approach in studies of pathophysiology and lung therapy. More recently, complex 3D culture systems, such as lung-on-a-chip, seek to mimic the physiology of a lung in vivo through a microsystem that simulates alveolar-capillary interactions and exposure to air. The present review introduces and discusses 3D lung cultures as robust platforms for studies of the pathophysiology of CRD and COVID-19 and the mechanisms that underlie interactions between CRD and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Allan da Silva da Costa
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University - UNIPAR, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil
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Junior AG, Tolouei SEL, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Gasparotto F, Boeing T, de Souza P. Natural Agents Modulating ACE-2: A Review of Compounds with Potential against SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1588-1596. [PMID: 33459225 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210114150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges of public health worldwide is reducing the number of events and deaths related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, has been identified as a potent receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In the last decades, ACE inhibition has assumed a central role in reducing cardiovascular and renal events. However, with the advent of COVID-19, attention has been turned to ACE-2 as a possible target to reduce virus binding to different human cells. This review aims to discuss recent developments related to the medicinal properties of natural compounds as ACE/ACE-2 inhibitors, which should be highlighted in the future development of studies looking for modulators in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data show that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act by inhibiting ACE/ACE-2, which changes the entire axis of this system. Of the compounds addressed in this review, 7 phenolic compounds, including quercetin, curcumin, naringenin, luteolin, hesperidin, mangiferin, and gallic acid showed binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico, and 1, esculetin, decreased ACE-2 expression in vivo. Regarding terpenoids and alkaloids, nimbin, withaferin A, andrographolide, zingiberene and, berberine, piperine and thebaine, respectively, showed a binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico. These findings reinforce the need for future preclinical and clinical studies on these compounds and specific inhibitory effects on ACE-2 of all the other compounds described herein only as nonspecific ACE inhibitors. It is important to mention that some natural compounds such as magnolol, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone IIA, and nicotine have also demonstrated the potential to increase the activity or expression of ACE-2, and could therefore aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Sara Emília Lima Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francielli Gasparotto
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vale do Itajai, Itajai, SC, Brazil
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Job PMJ, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Junior AG. Epigenetic control of hypertension by DNA methylation: A real possibility? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3722-3728. [PMID: 33749553 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210322141703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic disease that particularly affects the elderly and can trigger several cardiovascular conditions. Although the treatment of hypertension has evolved in recent decades, many hypertensive patients still do not have properly controlled blood pressure. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating gene expression, altering the phenotype and function of the cardiovascular system. The present review highlights recent advances in research on DNA methylation in the development of hypertension. Several preclinical and clinical evidence show that methylation of different targets appears to be involved in hypertension. Studies of the involvement of DNA methylation have greatly improved our understanding of hypertension, but its use as a valid therapeutic target is still unknown. Further studies could help to bring to light the truth about gene therapy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Megda João Job
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná. Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná. Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS. Brazil
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Lovato ECW, Barboza LN, Wietzikoski S, de Souza ANV, Auth PA, Junior AG, Dos Reis Lívero FA. Repurposing Drugs for the Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:115-126. [PMID: 32634080 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, is a newly emerging zoonotic agent that emerged in China in December 2019. No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. Usual palliative treatment includes maintaining hydration and nutrition and controlling fever and cough. The clinical severity and extent of transmission need to be determined, and therapeutic options need to be developed and optimized. METHODS The present review discusses the recent repurposing of drugs for COVID-19 treatment. RESULTS Several compounds, including remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon-β, ribavirin, chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and ivermectin, have emerged as promising alternatives. They block the virus from entering host cells, prevent viral replication, and attenuate exacerbation of the host's immune response. CONCLUSION Although some evidence indicates the positive actions of different classes of compounds for the treatment of COVID-19, few clinical assays have been established to definitively demonstrate their therapeutic value in humans. Multicenter clinical studies are urgently needed to validate and standardize therapeutic regimens that involve these agents. Although science has not yet presented us with a specific drug against COVID-19, the repurposing of drugs appears to be promising in our fight against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Samantha Wietzikoski
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nascimento Vasques de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Menetrier JV, Bonkoski VR, Medeiros KA, Estevan DA, Palozi RAC, Lívero FADR, Velasquez LG, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnomedicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases by Healers in the Southwestern State of Paraná, Brazil, and Their Validation Based on Scientific Pharmacological Data. J Relig Health 2020; 59:3004-3036. [PMID: 31832897 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Among treatment options, medicinal plants are frequently used, especially in developing countries, such as Brazil. Despite social development that has been observed in the last decades, the use of medicinal plants is still driven by popular knowledge, especially by healers. The present study sought to identify medicinal species that are used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by healers in the microregion of Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil. The snowball technique was used to select informants, and data were collected through interviews. The research was performed in two stages: (1) a structured interview and (2) the collection and botanical identification of the species that were mentioned by the healers. Medicinal plants were classified into the following categories of cardiovascular agents: hypotensive and antihypertensive agents, lipid-lowering agents, diuretic agents, and cardiotonic agents. To analyze the data, the frequency was determined, Spearman correlations were calculated, and the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value were obtained. Some characteristics, such as female gender and old age, were associated with knowledge about medicinal plants. Overall, 77 different species and 149 medicinal uses were cited by the healers. With regard to categories of use, the highest number of species was found among lipid-lowering plants, and the highest ICF was found for species that are used as cardiotonics. Moreover, a literature review indicated that among the cited species, several still lack studies that have proven their effects on the cardiovascular system. The traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is broad in the study regions. The present results are important for clarifying popular knowledge in this region and providing a framework for selecting species with potential for the development of new pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular - LEFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79.804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais e Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular - LEFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79.804-970, Brazil.
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Barbosa RJ, Ratti da Silva G, Cola IM, Kuchler JC, Coelho N, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, de Souza R, Zonta FN, Froehlich DL, Jacomassi E, Soares AA, Velasques LG, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Acco A, Lívero FADR. Promising therapeutic use of Baccharis trimera (less.) DC. as a natural hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 254:112729. [PMID: 32145332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC is a perennial subshrub, popularly known as "carqueja," that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Ethnobotanical studies indicate that this species is used for the treatment of diabetes and digestive and liver diseases. However, studies that sought to validate its popular use were conducted using ethanolic extracts of the plant, which does not reflect the ethnomedicinal use of this species in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride accumulation in the liver that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the severity of this disease, less toxic and more effective therapeutic agents need to be developed. B. trimera may be a promising therapeutic alternative, but its activity against multiple risk factors for liver disease (e.g., smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) has not been studied. The present study investigated the effects of an ethnomedicinal form of a B. trimera preparation in a rat model of NAFLD that is associated with multiple risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic soluble fraction of B. trimera extract was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in male Wistar rats. The rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks). In the last 2 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control group), B. trimera extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin + simvastatin. One group of rats that was not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated. Blood was collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) analysis. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was additionally processed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS The model successfully induced NAFLD and increased levels of glucose, AST, and ALT in the negative control group. Treatment with the B. trimera extract (30 and 100 mg/kg) and insulin + simvastatin decreased hepatic and fecal lipids. In contrast to insulin + simvastatin treatment, all three doses of B. trimera effectively reduced AST and ALT levels. CONCLUSION B. trimera may be promising as a hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jachimowski Barbosa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Coelho
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia Assunção Soares
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Garcia Velasques
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzkoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Metabolism, Post-Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
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Gasparotto Junior A, de Souza P, Lívero FADR. Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a genuinely Brazilian species. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 245:112169. [PMID: 31425732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel is widespread in alluvial plains and open forests in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. The fruits of P. cauliflora are used as food, and almost all parts of this species have long been used as a traditional Brazilian medicine for the treatment of skin irritations, flu, diarrhea, labyrinthitis, genito-urinary problems, and asthma. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on P. cauliflora with regard to its ethnopharmacological uses, constituents, biological activities, and toxicology, all of which are useful for future research and the development of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information and data on P. cauliflora were collected from ethnobotanical textbooks and scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Google, and Google Scholar. RESULTS The main chemical constituents in P. cauliflora preparations were depsides, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins. The main medicinal use of the species in Brazil is for the treatment of diarrhea. Although antimicrobial potential of this species has been demonstrated, data on gastrointestinal motility are still incipient and need further investigation. Studies that indicate the efficacy of its traditional use for sore throat, pelvic hemorrhage, uterine wounds, vaginal discharge, and flu are nonexistent. The scientific literature does not describe any toxic effects of its popular use. However, the available data do not allow us to conclude that the ethnomedicinal use of this species is safe, with a lack of well-designed preclinical tests and randomized clinical trials. CONCLUSION This review summarizes research on the traditional use, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of P. cauliflora. Although P. cauliflora possesses significant biological activities, much of its ethnomedicinal use has not been scientifically evaluated. Well-designed pharmacological and toxicological assays and randomized clinical trials are still needed to validate its ethnopharmacological use as an herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Souza MMQ, Silva GRD, Cola IM, Silva AO, Schaedler MI, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, Froelich DL, Auth PA, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC: An Innovative Cardioprotective Herbal Medicine Against Multiple Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. J Med Food 2019; 23:676-684. [PMID: 31702422 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and among its modifiable risk factors are dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking. Experimental models evaluated this risk factors singly, however, there is a lack of models that agglomerate these risk factors, resembling real patients and elucidating the pathophysiology of CVD. Moreover, few studies have investigated the cardioprotective effects of Baccharis trimera, a species with lipid-lowering effects. In this study, ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats that also received 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow and were exposed to the smoke of nine cigarettes, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle (C-), B. trimera, or simvastatin plus insulin. At the end, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine levels; blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR); abdominal aortic morphometry; vascular reactivity; renal and cardiac oxidative status; and histopathological changes were evaluated. The agglomerate of risk factors promoted alterations contrary to those described in the literature for the isolated risk factors. The C- group exhibited oxidative stress, increase in biochemical parameters, and thickening of the wall of the abdominal aorta. HR, systolic, diastolic, and mean BP decreased, and vascular reactivity was altered. Cardiac and renal histopathological changes were observed. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes and this effect may be partially attributable to lipid-lowering action and to the inhibition of free radical generation. B. trimera has cardioprotective effects in this model, with no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Moraes Queiroz Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aniely Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maysa Isernhagen Schaedler
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diego Lacir Froelich
- Laboratory Prevention and Diagnosis, Assis Gurgacz Faculty, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
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Gasparotto FM, Palozi RAC, da Silva CHF, Pauli KB, Donadel G, Lourenço BHLB, Nunes BC, Lívero FADR, de Souza LM, Lourenço ELB, Kassuya CAL, Gasparotto Junior A. Antiatherosclerotic Properties of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli: From Antioxidant and Lipid-Lowering Effects to an Anti-Inflammatory Role. J Med Food 2019; 22:919-927. [PMID: 31233372 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinodorus grandiflorus is an important medicinal plant species that is native to South America. Despite extensive popular usage as a hypolipidemic drug, its effects as an atheroprotective agent remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction that was obtained from E. grandiflorus (ESEG) leaves against the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Male rabbits received a diet that was supplemented with 1% cholesterol (cholesterol-rich diet [CRD]) for 60 days. After 30 days of the CRD, the animals were divided into five groups (n = 6) and treated with ESEG (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 30 days. The negative control group was fed a cholesterol-free diet and treated orally with vehicle. At the end of 60 days, serum lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitrotyrosine, and serum interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were determined. Samples from the aortic arch and thoracic segment were also collected to investigate the tissue antioxidant defense system and perform histopathological analysis. Oral ESEG administration significantly reduced serum lipid levels in CRD-fed rabbits. This treatment also modulated the arterial antioxidant defense system by reducing lipid and protein oxidation. Similarly, serum IL-1β, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 levels significantly decreased, accompanied by a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in all arterial branches. These findings suggest that ESEG may be a new herbal medicine that can be directly applied for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Mourão Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Karoline Bach Pauli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Parana´, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Parana´, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Caroline Nunes
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Parana´, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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de Lima DA, Andreotti CEL, Antiquera Ferreira F, Pauli KB, da Silva GR, Ribeiro RDCL, Dalsenter PR, Boechat N, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB, Lívero FADR. Safety assessment of MEFAS: an innovative hybrid salt of mefloquine and artesunate for malaria treatment. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:380-385. [PMID: 31060457 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1607371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a global public health problem that causes approximately 445 000 deaths annually worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries. Because of the high prevalence and mortality of the disease, new and less toxic therapeutic agents need to be developed, such as MEFAS, a low-cost hybrid salt that consists of artesunate and mefloquine. However, the efficacy of MEFAS has been systematically demonstrated, its safety requires further investigation. This study investigated the acute toxicity of MEFAS and its precursors, artesunate, and mefloquine. A total of 42 female Swiss mice were divided into seven groups (n = 6/group) that were treated orally by gavage with vehicle (filtered water, negative control), MEFAS (50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg), and 1:1 concentrations of artesunate + mefloquine (50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Clinical signs of toxicity were observed for 14 d after treatment. On day 15, the animals were weighed, deeply anesthetized with isoflurane, and euthanized for subsequent collection of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The relative organ weights were determined, followed by histopathological analysis. Artesunate + mefloquine produced toxic effects compared with the negative control group, reflected by changes in clinical signs, relative organ weights, and histopathological alterations. In MEFAS-treated animals, no changes were observed compared with the negative control group. These findings demonstrate that MEFAS is safer than artesunate + mefloquine after acute administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniely Alves de Lima
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karoline Bach Pauli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Technology and Pharmaceuticals, FIOCRUZ Farmanguinhos/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Coelho FC, Tirloni CAS, Marques AAM, Gasparotto FM, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A. Traditional Plants Used by Remaining Healers from the Region of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. J Relig Health 2019; 58:572-588. [PMID: 30306387 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the traditional use of medicinal plants is a very widespread practice in Brazil, there are still few studies aimed at native prescribers, known as healers. The aim of this work was to catalog the medicinal species prescribed by remaining healers of the Grande Dourados region, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with support of a standardized questionnaire for remaining healers selected using the "snowball" technique. The medicinal species selected were collected, identified, and classified according to the British National Formulary. Remaining healers were identified in seven municipalities in the region of Grande Dourados. Family, divine revelation, and participation of the Catholic Church were the most important sources of knowledge. Seventy-one medicinal species, mainly herbaceous belonging to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Verbenaceae families, were the most prescribed. Most species are used in the treatment of digestive and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to immune and respiratory diseases. Healers from the region of Grande Dourados maintain considerable ethno-knowledge about the medicinal properties of different medicinal species. Sharing this information values their culture and preserves the knowledge for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Chagas Coelho
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Francielly Mourão Gasparotto
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LEFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
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Marques MAA, Lourenço BHLB, Reis MDP, Pauli KB, Soares AL, Belettini ST, Donadel G, Palozi RAC, Froehlich DL, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB. Osteoprotective Effects of Tribulus terrestris L.: Relationship Between Dehydroepiandrosterone Levels and Ca 2+-Sparing Effect. J Med Food 2019; 22:241-247. [PMID: 30888914 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that is characterized by impairments in bone strength that predispose an individual to a higher risk of fractures. Despite the various etiologies, undoubtedly the most important factors are aging of the population and hypogonadism. Although several therapeutic options are available, pharmacological treatments have some risks. Among these are increases in the incidence of thrombosis, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and muscle injury, among others. Herbal medication may be an alternative for the treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in rats. Female rats were first subjected to OVX and treated with TT (3, 30, and 300 mg/[kg·day]) or furosemide (25 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Bone densitometry and tibial histology were performed, and acute renal function and testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and estradiol levels were assessed. Prolonged treatment with TT stimulated bone mass gain in all ovariectomized animals, raising bone mass to levels that were similar to sham-operated rats. DHEA levels significantly increased in TT-treated rats. The TT group also had lower calcium (Ca2+) excretion that OVX control and furosemide-treated rats. Finally, the histopathological analyses showed the maintenance of bone turnover in all TT-treated groups. Overall, the results indicate that the standardized extract of T. terrestris exerted a bone-protective effect by increasing bone mineral density. This activity may be at least partially attributable to an increase in serum DHEA levels and a Ca2+-sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle de Paula Reis
- 1 Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Karoline Bach Pauli
- 1 Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Soares
- 1 Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Donadel
- 1 Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- 2 Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Diego Lacir Froehlich
- 3 Laboratory of Prevention and Diagnosis, Assis Gurgacz Faculty, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- 2 Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Schaedler MI, Palozi RAC, Tirloni CAS, Silva AO, Araújo VDO, Lourenço ELB, de Souza LM, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A. Redox regulation and NO/cGMP plus K + channel activation contributes to cardiorenal protection induced by Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. Phytomedicine 2018; 51:7-19. [PMID: 30466630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the medicinal plants widely used by the population in the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis and circulatory disorders is Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. (Lythraceae), popularly known as 'sete sangrias', being found in Brazil, Hawaii and in South Pacific Islands. Despite the widespread use of this species by the population, its long-term antihypertensive and cardioprotective activities have not yet been scientifically evaluated. PURPOSE To evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction obtained from C. carthagenensis (ESCC) using ovariectomized hypertensive rats to simulate a broad part of the female population over 50 years of age affected by hypertension. In addition, the molecular mechanism that may be responsible for its cardiorenal protective effects was also explored. METHODS Female Wistar rats were submitted to surgical procedures of bilateral ovariectomy and induction of renovascular hypertension (two-kidneys, one-clip model). The sham-operated group was used as negative control. ESCC was obtained and a detailed phytochemical investigation about its main secondary metabolites was performed. ESCC was orally administered at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, daily, for 28 days, 5 weeks after surgery. Enalapril (15 mg/kg) was used as standard antihypertensive drug. Renal function was evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. At the end of the experimental period, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded. The activity of the tissue enzymatic antioxidant system, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitrotyrosine, nitrite, aldosterone and vasopressin levels, in addition to the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme were also evaluated. Additionally, vascular reactivity to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and phenylephrine, and the role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and K+ channels in the vasodilator response of ESCC on the mesenteric vascular bed were also investigated. RESULTS ESCC-treatment induced an important cardiorenal protective response, preserving renal function and preventing elevation of blood pressure and heart rate in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. In addition, prolonged treatment with ESCC recovered mesenteric vascular reactivity at all doses used. This effect was associated with an important modulation of the antioxidant defense system with a possible increase in NO bioavailability. Additionally, NO/cGMP activation and K+ channel opening-dependent vasodilator effect was observed on the mesenteric vascular bed, indicating a potential mechanism for the cardiovascular effects of ESCC. CONCLUSION A 28-days ESCC treatment reduces the progression of the cardiorenal disease in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. These effects seem to be involved with an attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress, affecting endothelial nitric oxide production and K+ channel opening in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Isernhagen Schaedler
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aniely Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Valdinei de Oliveira Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica em Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica em Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdade Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica em Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Gasparotto FM, Lívero FADR, Palozi RAC, Ames ML, Nunes B, Donadel G, Ribeiro RDCL, Lourenço ELB, Kassuya CAL, Junior AG. Heart-Protective Effects of Echinodorus grandiflorus in Rabbits That Are Fed a High-cholesterol Diet. Planta Med 2018; 84:1271-1279. [PMID: 29929207 DOI: 10.1055/a-0644-2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excess weight and dyslipidemia are among the most serious health problems in Western societies. These conditions enhance the risk of cardiac disease and have been linked with a higher prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The present study investigated the cardioprotective effects of Echinodorus grandiflorus on ventricular remodeling in rabbits that were fed a 1% cholesterol-rich diet. We first obtained an ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus and performed a detailed phytochemical study by liquid chromatography-DAD/ESI-MS. For 60 days, male rabbits were fed the cholesterol-rich diet or a diet without the addition of cholesterol. After 30 days, different groups of rabbits were treated with the ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, p. o.), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 30 days. At the end of 60 days, the serum lipoprotein ratio, electrocardiographic profile, histopathological alterations, and the cardiac antioxidant defense system were investigated. Echocardiographic analysis showed morphological and functional alterations in cholesterol-rich diet-fed animals, indicating left ventricle hypertrophy. The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio were significantly higher in cholesterol-rich diet-fed rabbits. Myocardial flaccidity, fatty degeneration, and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy were observed. An increase in lipid peroxidation levels, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels were observed in the myocardium of all cholesterol-rich diet-fed rabbits. Treatment with the ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus, especially the highest dose, significantly reduced all of these alterations, thus demonstrating the cardioprotective effect of the ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus on cardiac changes that are induced by a cholesterol-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Mourão Gasparotto
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Rhanany Allan Caloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Ames
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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de Sousa WR, Lourenço BHLB, Reis MDP, Donadel G, Marques MAA, Cardozo Junior EL, Jacomassi E, Belettini ST, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB. Evaluation of Reproductive Toxicology of Aqueous Extract of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), a Traditional South American Beverage. J Med Food 2018; 22:97-101. [PMID: 30335566 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.; Aquifoliaceae) is a popular tonic and stimulant beverage that is widely consumed in different South American countries. Estimates indicate the consumption of >1 L per day in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Despite its relatively high consumption, data on reproductive toxicity during critical periods of gestation remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis leaves ("chimarrão" [IPC]) at two critical periods of gestation in Wistar rats: preimplantation embryonic stage and fetal organogenesis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with IPC (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) from days 1 to 7 or 8 to 21 of pregnancy. The respective control groups received vehicle. During treatment, clinical signs of maternal toxicity, maternal body weight, and food and water intake were monitored. The rats were killed on days 8 and 20 of pregnancy, and the following parameters were evaluated: weight of the maternal uterus, weight of the liver, weight of the kidneys, weight of the spleen, total embryo implantation, preimplantation loss, the mean of live fetuses, the percentage of dead fetuses, fetus weight, and fetal malformation. The aqueous extract of the leaves of I. paraguariensis L. did not present any deleterious effects on preimplantation embryos or the organogenesis of offspring from female Wistar rats. These safety data provide evidence that IPC may be safe for consumption during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle de Paula Reis
- 1 Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- 1 Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- 1 Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
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Junior AG, Dos Reis Lívero FA. Cell-based Therapy for Hypertension: Challenges and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:3084-3089. [PMID: 30179129 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180903142858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a non-transmissible chronic disease with a high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Different strategies for the treatment of hypertension are employed worldwide, but the control of hypertension remains a major challenge for global health. Many unsuccessful unconventional therapies have been proposed in recent years, including herbal medicines and the development of small molecules or antibodies that seek to disrupt the disease's pathogenesis. Cell-based therapies may be used as replacement or complementary treatment strategies. The results of recent preclinical studies of cell-based therapies are promising. However, human clinical trials are scarce, the data are insipid, and many issues have been raised about the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. The present review summarizes research on cell-based therapy for hypertension. We also briefly summarize relevant clinical trials and discuss future perspectives and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Wietzikoski Lovato EC, Gurgel Velasquez PA, Dos Santos Oliveira C, Baruffi C, Anghinoni T, Machado RC, Lívero FADR, Sato SW, Martins LDA. High frequency equipment promotes antibacterial effects dependent on intensity and exposure time. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:131-135. [PMID: 29606883 PMCID: PMC5868622 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s156282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused bacteria to develop mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents, limiting treatment options. Therefore, there is a great need for alternative methods to control infections, especially those related to skin. One of the alternative methods is the high frequency equipment (HFE), which is used on skin conditions as an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory, and mainly to accelerate cicatricial processes and have a bactericidal effect through the formation of ozone. This research investigated the antibacterial effect of HFE on standard cultures of bacteria. Materials and methods Dilutions (104 colony forming unit mL−1) were performed for Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus with 24-hour growth bacteria. Then, 1 μL of each dilution was pipetted into suitable medium and the HFE flashing technique was used at intensities of 6, 8 and 10 mA for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 seconds. The control group received no treatment. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and then read. Results The spark at intensity of 6 mA had no bactericidal effect on the E. aerogenes; however, a significant bacterial growth reduction occurred at intensity of 8 mA after 120 and 180 seconds, and at 10 mA, reduction in bacterial growth could already be verified at 30 seconds and total bacterial growth inhibition occurred in 180 seconds. For S. aureus, there was a strong bacterial growth inhibition at all intensities used; however, at 6 mA, absence of bacterium growth after 120 and 180 seconds was observed. By increasing the flashing intensity to 8 and 10 mA, it was observed that the bacterium growth was inhibited after only 30 seconds of irradiation. Conclusion The HFE has time-dependent antibacterial effects against E. aerogenes and S. aureus bacteria that have several resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Baruffi
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Thais Anghinoni
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Raquel Costa Machado
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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Gasparotto FM, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Tolouei Menegati SEL, Junior AG. Herbal Medicine as an Alternative Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Metab 2017; 19:454-459. [PMID: 29283066 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666171227202332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines in the management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans and animals. METHOD PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched up to October 30, 2016. The key terms used were "ASD", "Asperger", "autism", "healing plants", "herbal medicine", and "medicinal plants". In each database, the searches consisted of each of three key terms describing the disorder and subtypes plus each of the terms describing the therapy. All human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in autism symptoms were included. In vitro studies were excluded. RESULTS From the publications perused in the initial database, 3157 results were identified, reviewed and a total of 23 studies were included. Preclinical studies using critically validated models were conducted, with some promising preliminary results. Data availability on controlled clinical studies is currently very limited. The use of different methodologies and the very small number of patients raise doubts about the effects of these preparations. CONCLUSION Available data do not yet allow us to suggest the effectiveness of herbal medicines as an add-on in the treatment of ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Mourao Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Santiago PG, Gasparotto FM, Gebara KS, Bacha FB, Lívero FADR, Strapazon MA, Junior ELC, Kassuya CAL, de Souza LM, Gasparotto Junior A. Mechanisms underlying antiatherosclerotic properties of an enriched fraction obtained from Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. Phytomedicine 2017; 34:162-170. [PMID: 28899499 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. var. paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae) popularly known as 'mate' is an important species native to South America. Despite numerous studies showing significant antioxidant and lipid lowering properties, the antiatherosclerotic mechanisms of this species remain unknown. PURPOSE To evaluate the possible antiatherosclerotic effects of a butanolic fraction (n-BFIP) obtained from I. paraguariensis and to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this activity. METHODS First, n-BFIP was obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract and a detailed phytochemical investigation about its main secondary metabolites was performed. Then, during 8 experimental weeks, rabbits received diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol (CRD). After 4 weeks of CDR, animals were redistributed into five groups (n = 6) and treated (p.o.) with n-BFIP (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), simvastatin (5 mg/kg), or vehicle (filtered water, 1 ml/kg) once daily for 4 weeks. An additional group was fed with cholesterol-free diet and treated with vehicle. At the end of 8 weeks, serum samples were obtained for the measurement of serum lipids, lipid and protein oxidation and indirect nitric oxide levels. In addition, serum IL-1β, IL-6, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and intracellular cGMP levels in rabbit aortic rings were measured. Samples from the aortic arch and thoracic segment were collected for histopathological analysis. RESULTS CRD induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased serum lipids, IL-1β, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 levels. In addition, structural changes in the intima layers of different arterial branches were also found. Although it did not change serum lipids, n-BFIP reverted oxidative and nitrosative stress and reduced IL-1β, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 levels, besides to increasing intracellular levels of cGMP in vitro. In addition, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques was reduced to values close to those of animals fed with cholesterol-free diet. CONCLUSIONS A 4-week n-FBIP treatment reduces the progression of the atherosclerotic disease in New Zealand rabbits. These effects are associated with an attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress, affecting IL-1β, IL-6, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gonçalves Santiago
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francielly Mourão Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Karimi Sater Gebara
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Strapazon
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Tirloni CAS, Lívero FADR, Palozi RAC, Silveira RCA, Vasconcelos PCDP, Souza RIC, Dos Santos AC, de Almeida VP, Manfron Budel J, de Souza LM, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnopharmacological investigations of the cardio-renal properties of a native species from the region of Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 206:125-134. [PMID: 28549859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthospermum hispidum DC. is an important medicinal herb that belongs to family Asteraceae, popularly used as a diuretic and hypotensive in the region of Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Despite the relevance of this species throughout the country, there are no detailed studies about its possible ethnobotanical indication. AIM To carry out a detailed ethnopharmacological investigation of the cardio-renal properties of A. hispidum. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, a detailed morpho-anatomical study with the purpose of characterizing and providing quality control parameters for the species was carried out. Then, purified aqueous extract (ESAH) was obtained and a detailed phytochemical investigation about its main secondary metabolites was performed. In addition, a thorough acute toxicological study was conducted to evaluate the actual toxic effects of this preparation. Finally, the possible diuretic and hypotensive effects of ESAH on male Wistar rats (30, 100, 300mg/kg; intraduodenally) were evaluated, and using pharmacological antagonists or inhibitors, the involvement of prostaglandin/cAMP and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway and potassium channels in ESAH-induced hypotension was investigated. RESULTS The analyses performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the main secondary metabolites present in ESAH were phenolic compounds, such as caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid), dicaffeoylquinic acids and glycosylated flavonoids (quercetin glucoside and galactoside). ESAH did not induce any acute toxic effects and did not affect the urinary volume or renal excretion of electrolytes in Wistar rats. On the other hand, intraduodenal administration of ESAH induces a significant acute hypotensive effect. Previous treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, methylene blue, or tetraethylammonium fully avoided the hypotensive effect of ESAH. All other parameters were not affected by treatment with ESAH. CONCLUSION Data obtained in this study allow us to suggest that ESAH obtained from A. hispidum presents an important acute hypotensive effect, which appears to be dependent on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. This study presents new evidences about the therapeutic potential of this species when acute hypotensive response is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Renan César Alves Silveira
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo César de Paula Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaias Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Corrêa-Ferreira ML, Verdan MH, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Galuppo LF, Telles JEQ, Alves Stefanello MÉ, Acco A, Petkowicz CLDO. Inulin-type fructan and infusion of Artemisia vulgaris protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Phytomedicine 2017; 24:68-76. [PMID: 28160864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infusions of aerial parts of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) are used in herbal medicine to treat several disorders, including hepatosis. PURPOSE Evaluation of in vivo hepatoprotective effects of A. vulgaris infusion (VI) and inulin (VPI; i.e., the major polysaccharide of VI). STUDY DESIGN The hepatoprotective effect of A. vulgaris extracts on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and the probable mechanism involved in this protection were investigated in mice. METHODS A. vulgaris infusion (VI) was prepared according to folk medicine using the aerial parts of the plant. Carbohydrate, protein, and total phenolic content was determined in VI, and its phenolic profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Male Swiss mice were orally pretreated for 7 days with VI or VPI (once per day). On days 6 and 7 of treatment, the mice were intraperitoneally challenged with CCl4. Liver and blood were collected and markers of hepatic damage in plasma and oxidative stress in the liver were analyzed. Hepatic histology and inflammatory parameters were also studied in the liver. The scavenging activity of VI and VPI were evaluated in vitro using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. RESULTS VI contained 40% carbohydrates, 2.9% proteins and 9.8% phenolic compounds. The HPLC fingerprint analysis of VI revealed chlorogenic, caffeic and dicaffeoylquinic acids as major low-molar-mass constituents. Oral pretreatment with VI and VPI significantly attenuated CCl4-induced liver damage, reduced the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma, and prevented reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the liver. Comparisons with the CCl4-treated group showed that VI and VPI completely prevented necrosis, increased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level in the liver. VI and VPI also exhibited high radical scavenging activity in vitro. CONCLUSION VI and VPI had remarkable hepatoprotective effects in vivo, which were likely attributable to antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The present findings support the traditional use of A. vulgaris infusion for the treatment of hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Helena Verdan
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Barboza LN, Lívero FADR, Prando TBL, Ribeiro RDCL, Lourenço ELB, Budel JM, de Souza LM, Acco A, Dalsenter PR, Gasparotto A. Atheroprotective effects of Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. in New Zealand rabbits fed with cholesterol-rich diet. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 187:134-145. [PMID: 27125593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. is used in Brazilian folk medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis and circulatory disorders, no study evaluating these effects has been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hypolipemiant and antiatherogenic activity of the ethanol soluble fraction obtained from C. carthagenensis (ES-CC) in an experimental atherosclerosis model using New Zealand (NZ) rabbits undergoing cholesterol-rich diet (CRD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Dyslipidemia and atherogenesis were induced by administration of standard commercial diet increased of 1% cholesterol (CRD) for 8 weeks. ES-CC was orally administered at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg, once daily for four weeks, starting from the 4th week of CRD diet. Body weight measurements were weekly carried out from the beginning of experiments for 8 weeks. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and their fractions (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C) were measured at the beginning of experiments and at weeks four and eight. After euthanasia of rabbits, aorta segments (aortic arc, thoracic, abdominal and iliac segments) were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated and the intima and media layers of the arteries were measured. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of ES-CC and its influence on the functioning of hepatic antioxidant enzymes were also determined. RESULTS CRD induced dyslipidemia and major structural changes in the aortic wall. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction of hepatic glutathione and serum nitrite levels were observed. Treatment with ES-CC was able to prevent the increase in TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C levels and triglycerides and promoted an increase in HDL-C levels in NZ rabbits. These effects were accompanied by a significant reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of the catalase and superoxide dismutase function. Moreover, the intima and media layers of the arterial segments were significantly reduced by ES-CC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that ES-CC reduces serum lipids and hepatic oxidative stress when orally administered to NZ rabbits. In addition, it was able to prevent the development of CRD-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Neris Barboza
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Bruno Lima Prando
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Paranaense, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Galuppo LF, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Martins GG, Cardoso CC, Beltrame OC, Klassen LMB, Canuto AVDS, Echevarria A, Telles JEQ, Klassen G, Acco A. Sydnone 1: A Mesoionic Compound with Antitumoral and Haematological Effects In Vivo. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:41-50. [PMID: 26709053 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antitumour activity of the mesoionic compound sydnone 1 (Syd-1) against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma. Tumour cells were subcutaneously inoculated in the hind limb in male Wistar rats. The animals were orally treated for 12 days with Syd-1 (75 mg/kg) or vehicle. At the end of treatment, considerable decreases in tumour volume and tumour weight were observed in treated animals. Samples of these tumours presented increases in apoptotic bodies and pro-apoptotic protein expression (Bax and p53), while the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was reduced. A decrease in reduced glutathione levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity were observed in tumour after Syd-1 treatment. However, significant splenomegaly was evident in animals that received Syd-1, most likely attributable to the induction of haemolysis. This study demonstrated the antitumour activity of Syd-1 against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma. Its mechanism of action is linked to the activation of apoptotic pathways that lead to tumour cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aurea Echevarria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Giseli Klassen
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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