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Horváth O, Klivényi P. Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid on sirtuin gene expression in Sirt3 deficient mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137882. [PMID: 38909839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is caused by the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene. The mutation induces mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, which leads to striatal neuronal loss. The efficacy of the available therapies is limited, thus acquisition of more data about the pathomechanism of HD and development of new strategies is urgent. Sirtuins (Sirt1-7) belong to the histone deacetylase family, and interestingly they have been associated with HD, however, their role in HD is still not fully understood. To clarify the role of sirtuins in HD, we utilized a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD model and assessed alterations in gene expression using RT-PCR. Moreover, we studied the extension of neurodegeneration in the striatum, and behavioural changes. Furthermore, we involved Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3KO) mice to investigate the impact of Sirt3 deficiency in the expression of the other sirtuins. Our results showed that with 3-NP treatment, the mRNA level of Sirt2,5,7 changed significantly in wild-type (WT) mice, whereas in Sirt3KO animals there was no change. Interestingly, Sirt3 deficiency did not exacerbate 3-NP-mediated striatal neuronal loss, while Sirt3KO animals showed higher mortality than WT littermates. However, the absence of Sirt3 did not affect the behaviour of animals. Finally, we demonstrated that the changes in the expression of sirtuins are age- and sex- dependent. According to our findings, there is evidence that Sirt3 has a major impact on the regulation of other sirtuin isoforms, survival and neuroprotection. However, this neuroprotective effect does not manifest in the behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Horváth
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; HUN-REN-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Maya-López M, Monsalvo-Maraver LA, Delgado-Arzate AL, Olivera-Pérez CI, El-Hafidi M, Silva-Palacios A, Medina-Campos O, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Túnez I, Retana-Márquez S, Zazueta C, Santamaría A. Anandamide and WIN 55212-2 Afford Protection in Rat Brain Mitochondria in a Toxic Model Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid: an In Vitro Study. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03967-2. [PMID: 38307967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast, the regulation of the endocannabinoid system has been shown to promote neuroprotection in different neurotoxic paradigms. The existence of an active form of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in mitochondrial membranes (mitCB1R), which might exert its effects through the same signaling mechanisms as the cell membrane CB1R, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial activity. Although there is evidence suggesting that some cannabinoids may induce protective effects on isolated mitochondria, substantial evidence on the role of cannabinoids in mitochondria remains to be explored. In this work, we developed a toxic model of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by exposure of brain mitochondria to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Mitochondria were also pre-incubated with the endogenous agonist anandamide (AEA) and the synthetic CB1R agonist WIN 55212-2 to evaluate their protective effects. Mitochondrial reduction capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and mitochondrial swelling were assessed as toxic markers. While 3-NP decreased the mitochondrial reduction capacity and augmented mitochondrial ROS formation and swelling, both AEA and WIN 55212-2 ameliorated these toxic effects. To explore the possible involvement of mitCB1R activation on the protective effects of AEA and WIN 55212-2, mitochondria were also pre-incubated in the presence of the selective CB1R antagonist AM281, which completely reverted the protective effects of the cannabinoids to levels similar to those evoked by 3-NP. These results show partial protective effects of cannabinoids, suggesting that mitCB1R activation may be involved in the recovery of compromised mitochondrial activity, related to reduction of ROS formation and further prevention of mitochondrial swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Maya-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 09310, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, SSA, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, SSA, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Medina-Campos
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Maimónides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Red Española de Excelencia en Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09310, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, SSA, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Manjari SKV, Abraham SM, Poornima R, Chaturvedi RK, Maity S, Komal P. Unprecedented effect of vitamin D3 on T-cell receptor beta subunit and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in a 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model of Huntington's disease. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 15:116-125. [PMID: 38204575 PMCID: PMC10776327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction 3-NP induction in rodent models has been shown to induce selective neurodegeneration in the striatum followed by the cortex (Brouillet, 2014). However, it remains unclear whether, under such a neurotoxic condition, characterized by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the gene expression of the immune resident protein, T-cell receptor beta subunit (TCR-β), α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChRs), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and antioxidants (Cat and GpX4) get modulated on Vitamin D3 (VD) supplementation in the central nervous system. Methods In the present study, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to study the expression of respective genes. Male C57BL/6 mice (8-12 weeks) were divided into four groups namely, Group I: Control (saline); Group II: 3-NP induction via i.p (HD); Group III: Vitamin D3 (VD) and Group IV: (HD + VD) (Manjari et al., 2022). Results On administration of 500IU/kg/day of VD, HD mice showed a significant reduction in the gene expression of the immune receptor, TCR-β subunit, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inflammatory cytokines, and key antioxidants, followed by a decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity. Conclusion A novel neuroprotective effect of VD in HD is demonstrated by combating the immune receptor, TCR-β gene expression, antioxidant markers, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, HD mice on VD administration for 0-15 days showed an enhancement in cholinergic signaling with restoration in α7 nAChRs mRNA and protein expression in the striatum and cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- SKV Manjari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sharon Mariam Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - R. Poornima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Toxicology and health assessment, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow 226 001 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Fernández-Moncada I, Eraso-Pichot A, Tor TD, Fortunato-Marsol B, Marsicano G. An enquiry to the role of CB1 receptors in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106235. [PMID: 37481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating conditions that impair patient quality of life and that represent heavy social-economic burdens to society. Whereas the root of some of these brain illnesses lies in autosomal inheritance, the origin of most of these neuropathologies is scantly understood. Similarly, the cellular and molecular substrates explaining the progressive loss of brain functions remains to be fully described too. Indeed, the study of brain neurodegeneration has resulted in a complex picture, composed of a myriad of altered processes that include broken brain bioenergetics, widespread neuroinflammation and aberrant activity of signaling pathways. In this context, several lines of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its main signaling hub, the type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor are altered in diverse neurodegenerative disorders. However, some of these data are conflictive or poorly described. In this review, we summarize the findings about the alterations in ECS and CB1 receptors signaling in three representative brain illnesses, the Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and we discuss the relevance of these studies in understanding neurodegeneration development and progression, with a special focus on astrocyte function. Noteworthy, the analysis of ECS defects in neurodegeneration warrant much more studies, as our conceptual understanding of ECS function has evolved quickly in the last years, which now include glia cells and the subcellular-specific CB1 receptors signaling as critical players of brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Eraso-Pichot
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tommaso Dalla Tor
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Lum PT, Sekar M, Seow LJ, Shaikh MF, Arulsamy A, Retinasamy T, Gan SH, Gnanaraj C, Esa NM, Ramachawolran G, Subramaniyan V, Chinni SV, Wu YS. Neuroprotective potency of mangiferin against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats: possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189957. [PMID: 37521470 PMCID: PMC10372348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, normally starts in the prime of adult life, followed by a gradual occurrence of psychiatric disturbances, cognitive and motor dysfunction. The daily performances and life quality of HD patients have been severely interfered by these clinical signs and symptoms until the last stage of neuronal cell death. To the best of our knowledge, no treatment is available to completely mitigate the progression of HD. Mangiferin, a naturally occurring potent glucoxilxanthone, is mainly isolated from the Mangifera indica plant. Considerable studies have confirmed the medicinal benefits of mangiferin against memory and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative experimental models such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of mangiferin against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD in rat models. Adult Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly allocated equally into four groups of eight rats each: normal control (Group I), disease control (Group II) and two treatment groups (Group III and Group IV). Treatment with mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg, p. o.) was given for 14 days, whereas 3-NP (15 mg/kg, i. p.) was given for 7 days to induce HD-like symptoms in rats. Rats were assessed for cognitive functions and motor coordination using open field test (OFT), novel object recognition (NOR) test, neurological assessment, rotarod and grip strength tests. Biochemical parameters such as oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory markers in brain hippocampus, striatum and cortex regions were evaluated. Histopathological study on brain tissue was also conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. 3-NP triggered anxiety, decreased recognition memory, reduced locomotor activity, lower neurological scoring, declined rotarod performance and grip strength were alleviated by mangiferin treatment. Further, a significant depletion in brain malondialdehyde (MDA) level, an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) level, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were observed in mangiferin treated groups. Mangiferin also mitigated 3-NP induced histopathological alteration in the brain hippocampus, striatum and cortex sections. It could be inferred that mangiferin protects the brain against oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, notably via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Mangiferin, which has a good safety profile, may be an alternate treatment option for treating HD and other neurodegenerative disorders. The results of the current research of mangiferin will open up new avenues for the development of safe and effective therapeutic agents in diminishing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay Jing Seow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Charles Gnanaraj
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jang M, Choi JH, Jang DS, Cho IH. Micrandilactone C, a Nortriterpenoid Isolated from Roots of Schisandra chinensis, Ameliorates Huntington's Disease by Inhibiting Microglial STAT3 Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050786. [PMID: 36899922 PMCID: PMC10000367 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor control system of the brain. Its pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategies have not been fully elucidated yet. The neuroprotective value of micrandilactone C (MC), a new schiartane nortriterpenoid isolated from the roots of Schisandra chinensis, is not well-known either. Here, the neuroprotective effects of MC were demonstrated in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-treated animal and cell culture models of HD. MC mitigated neurological scores and lethality following 3-NPA treatment, which is associated with decreases in the formation of a lesion area, neuronal death/apoptosis, microglial migration/activation, and mRNA or protein expression of inflammatory mediators in the striatum. MC also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the striatum and microglia after 3-NPA treatment. As expected, decreases in inflammation and STAT3-activation were reproduced in a conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells pretreated with MC. The conditioned medium blocked the reduction in NeuN expression and the enhancement of mutant huntingtin expression in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells. Taken together, MC might alleviate behavioral dysfunction, striatal degeneration, and immune response by inhibiting microglial STAT3 signaling in animal and cell culture models for HD. Thus, MC may be a potential therapeutic strategy for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (I.-H.C.)
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (I.-H.C.)
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Filgrastim, a Recombinant Form of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor, Ameliorates 3-nitropropionic Acid and Haloperidol-induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2089-2102. [PMID: 36385437 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Striatal neurotoxicity is the pathological hallmark for a heterogeneous group of movement disorders like Tardive dyskinesia (TD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Both diseases are characterized by progressive impairment in motor function. TD and HD share common features at both cellular and subcellular levels. Filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), shows neuroprotective properties in in-vivo models of movement disorders. This study seeks to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of filgrastim in haloperidol and 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The study was divided into two: in study one, rats were administered with haloperidol for 21 days, filgrastim at the dose of (20, 40, 60 µg/kg,s.c.) was administered once a day before haloperidol treatment and the following parameters (orofacial movements, rotarod, actophotometer) were performed to assess TD. Similarly, in the second study, rats were administered with 3-NP for 21 days, filgrastim at a dose of (20 and 40 µg/kg, s.c.) was administered, and the following parameters (rotarod, narrow beam walk, and open field test) were assessed for HD. On the 22nd day, animals were sacrificed and cortex and striatum isolated for oxidative stress (LPO, GSH, SOD, catalase, and nitrate) marker assessment. Results revealed that haloperidol and 3-NP treatment significantly impaired motor coordination, and oxidative defense inducing TD and HD-like symptoms. Treatment with filgrastim significantly averted haloperidol and 3-NP-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. Conclusively, the neuroprotective effect of filgrastim is credited to its antioxidant properties. Hence, filgrastim might be a novel therapeutic candidate for the management of TD and HD.
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Inosine attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats via the activation of the A2AR/BDNF/TrKB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 300:120569. [PMID: 35472453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary bizarre movements, psychiatric symptoms, dementia, and early death. Several studies suggested neuroprotective activities of inosine; however its role in HD is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of inosine in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats while investigating possible underlying mechanisms. Rats were randomly divided into five groups; group 1 received i.p. injections of 1% DMSO, whereas groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, concomitantly with inosine (200 mg/kg., i.p.) in groups 3, 4, and 5, SCH58261, a selective adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) in group 4, and PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) in group 5. Treatment with inosine mitigated 3-NP-induced motor abnormalities and body weight loss. Moreover, inosine boosted the striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, p-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB), p-ERK, and p-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression, which subsequently suppressed oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β) and replenished the glutathione content. Similarly, histopathological analyses revealed decreased striatal injury score, the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuronal loss after inosine treatment. These effects were attenuated by the pre-administration of SCH58261 or PD98059. In conclusion, inosine attenuated 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in rats, at least in part, via the activation of the A2AR/BDNF/TrKB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Yang X, Chu SF, Wang ZZ, Li FF, Yuan YH, Chen NH. Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts neuroprotective effects in 3-nitropronpionic acid-induced mouse model of Huntington's disease via suppressing MAPKs and NF-κB pathways in the striatum. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1409-1421. [PMID: 33214696 PMCID: PMC8379213 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of main neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by striatal atrophy, involuntary movements, and motor incoordination. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), an active ingredient in ginseng, possesses a variety of neuroprotective effects with low toxicity and side effects. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of Rg1 in a mouse model of HD and explored the underlying mechanisms. HD was induced in mice by injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP, i.p.) for 4 days. From the first day of 3-NP injection, the mice were administered Rg1 (10, 20, 40 mg·kg-1, p.o.) for 5 days. We showed that oral pretreatment with Rg1 alleviated 3-NP-induced body weight loss and behavioral defects. Furthermore, pretreatment with Rg1 ameliorated 3-NP-induced neuronal loss and ultrastructural morphological damage in the striatum. Moreover, pretreatment with Rg1 reduced 3-NP-induced apoptosis and inhibited the activation of microglia, inflammatory mediators in the striatum. We revealed that Rg1 exerted neuroprotective effects by suppressing 3-NP-induced activation of the MAPKs and NF-κΒ signaling pathways in the striatum. Thus, our results suggest that Rg1 exerts therapeutic effects on 3-NP-induced HD mouse model via suppressing MAPKs and NF-κΒ signaling pathways. Rg1 may be served as a novel therapeutic option for HD.
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STIM1, STIM2, and PDI Participate in Cellular Fate Decisions in Low Energy Availability Induced by 3-NP in Male Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1459-1469. [PMID: 34173958 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Impairment in the energetic function of mitochondria is seen in many neurologic disorders like neurodegeneration. It disrupts ATP production, gives rise to oxidative stress, and ultimately challenges the viability of neurons. In this situation, neural cells use complex crosstalk between various subcellular elements to make live-or-die decisions about their fate. This study aimed to describe a part of the molecular changes and the outcome of the cellular decision during an energy crisis in neural cells in a time-dependent manner in the striatum. Adult male rats were treated with single or multiple 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) doses, a mitochondrial toxin, for 1 to 5 days. We found that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity was decreased on the third day and remained lower than the control group up to the fifth day. However, on the day 1 and day 2 of 3-NP treatment, the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2 significantly decreased. On the third day, STIM1 and STIM2 were increased and reached the level of controls and remained the same up to the fifth day. In this condition, cell death was significantly higher than the controls from the third day up to the fifth day. We also showed that even a single dose of 3-NP reduced the brain volume. These data suggest that the STIM1, STIM2, and PDI activity changes may be involved in the outcome of cellular fate decisions. It also suggests that cells may reduce STIM1 and STIM2 as a defense mechanism against low energy availability.
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Damri O, Asslih S, Shemesh N, Natour S, Noori O, Daraushe A, Einat H, Kara N, Las G, Agam G. Using mitochondrial respiration inhibitors to design a novel model of bipolar disorder-like phenotype with construct, face and predictive validity. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:123. [PMID: 33579900 PMCID: PMC7881114 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We mimicked mild mitochondrial-distress robustly reported in bipolar-disorder (BD) by chronic exposure to uniquely low doses of inhibitors of mitochondrial-respiration complexes in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of the neuronal-originating SH-SY5Y cells to very low dose (10 pM) rotenone, a mitochondrial-respiration complex (Co)I inhibitor, for 72 or 96 h did not affect cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Yet, it induced a dual effect on mitochondrial-respiration: overshooting statistically significant several-fold increase of most oxygen-consumption-rate (OCR) parameters vs. significantly decreased all OCR parameters, respectively. Chronic low doses of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) (CoII inhibitor) did not induce long-lasting changes in the cells' mitochondria-related parameters. Intraperitoneal administration of 0.75 mg/kg/day rotenone to male mice for 4 or 8 weeks did not affect spontaneous and motor activity, caused behaviors associated with mania and depression following 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, accompanied by relevant changes in mitochondrial basal OCR and in levels of mitochondrial-respiration proteins. Our model is among the very few BD-like animal models exhibiting construct (mild mitochondrial dysfunction), face (decreased/increased immobility time in the forced-swim test, increased/decreased consumption of sweet solution, increased/decreased time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze) and predictive (reversal of rotenone-induced behavioral changes by lithium treatment) validity. Our rotenone regime, employing doses that, to the best of our knowledge, have never been used before, differs from those inducing Parkinson's-like models by not affecting ROS-levels and cell-viability in vitro nor motor activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Damri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - S Asslih
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - N Shemesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - S Natour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - O Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - A Daraushe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - H Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - N Kara
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - G Las
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - G Agam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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12
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Khodagholi F, Maleki A, Motamedi F, Mousavi MA, Rafiei S, Moslemi M. Oxytocin Prevents the Development of 3-NP-Induced Anxiety and Depression in Male and Female Rats: Possible Interaction of OXTR and mGluR2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1105-1123. [PMID: 33201416 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder with dominant motor symptoms. It also has psychiatric manifestations, like anxiety and depression, that can emerge themselves before motor symptoms and impose a major burden on patients. Oxytocin (OXT) is a newly emerged treatment for disorders like autism and schizophrenia and recently is using to alleviate depression and anxiety. In the current study, we investigated the behavioral and molecular effects of OXT on the development of anxiety and depression in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced model of HD. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as the levels of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2, mGluR5, and glutathione (GSH) were measured in striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Also, we questioned if sex had any modulatory effect. We found that 3-NP increased anxiety and depression compared to controls. It also reduced the levels of OXTR and mGluR2, increased mGluR5, and reduced GSH in studied brain regions. Pretreatment with OXT before the injection of 3-NP ameliorated anxiety and depression. Additionally, it protected the brain from developing low levels of OXTR, mGluR2, and GSH and high levels of mGluR5 in studied regions. The protective effects of OXT were similar between male and female animals. These data suggest that OXTR, mGluR2, mGluR5, and GSH may contribute to psychiatric manifestations of HD. In addition, pretreatment with OXT could prevent the mood changes in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alsadat Mousavi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moslemi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Haider M, Salman M, Kaushik P, Bharadwaj N, Aggarwal NB, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Chrysin ameliorates 3 nitropropinoic acid induced neurotoxicity targeting behavioural, biochemical and histological alterations. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:450-458. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1821677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Haider
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Bharadwaj
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Bharal Aggarwal
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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14
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La Rosa P, Petrillo S, Bertini ES, Piemonte F. Oxidative Stress in DNA Repeat Expansion Disorders: A Focus on NRF2 Signaling Involvement. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050702. [PMID: 32369911 PMCID: PMC7277112 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repeat expansion disorders are a group of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases that arise from the inheritance of long tracts of nucleotide repetitions, located in the regulatory region, introns, or inside the coding sequence of a gene. Although loss of protein expression and/or the gain of function of its transcribed mRNA or translated product represent the major pathogenic effect of these pathologies, mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance in redox homeostasis are reported as common features in these disorders, deeply affecting their severity and progression. In this review, we examine the role that the redox imbalance plays in the pathological mechanisms of DNA expansion disorders and the recent advances on antioxidant treatments, particularly focusing on the expression and the activity of the transcription factor NRF2, the main cellular regulator of the antioxidant response.
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15
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Subramaniam S. Exaggerated mitophagy: a weapon of striatal destruction in the brain? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:709-717. [PMID: 32129826 PMCID: PMC7200642 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms responsible for neuronal vulnerability in the brain remain unclear. Striatal neurons are preferentially damaged by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex-II inhibitor, causing striatal damage reminiscent of Huntington's disease (HD), but the mechanisms of the selectivity are not as well understood. We have discovered that Rhes, a protein enriched in the striatum, removes mitochondria via the mitophagy process. The process becomes intensified in the presence of 3-NP, thereby eliminating most of the mitochondria from the striatum. We put forward the hypothesis that Rhes acts as a 'mitophagy ligand' in the brain and promotes mitophagy via NIX, a mitophagy receptor. Since Rhes interacts and promotes toxicity in association with mutant huntingtin (mHTT), the genetic cause of HD, it is tempting to speculate on whether the exaggerated mitophagy may be a contributing factor to the striatal lesion found in HD. Thus, Rhes-mediated exaggerated mitophagy may act as a weapon of striatal destruction in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, U.S.A
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16
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Moslemi M, Khodagholi F, Asadi S, Rafiei S, Motamedi F. Oxytocin protects against 3-NP induced learning and memory impairment in rats: Sex differences in behavioral and molecular responses to the context of prenatal stress. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112354. [PMID: 31733312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory impairment manifests years before the onset of motor impairments in Huntington's disease (HD). Oxytocin (OXT), as a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide has a key role in both learning and memory. Hence, we investigated possible protective effect of OXT on instrumental fear conditioning memory impairment by 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD, considering sex and prenatal stress effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to restraint stress for 45 min three times a day, from the gestational day 8 to parturition. 3-NP was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) for 5-7 days after OXT (10 μg/μl. icv) injection in the male and female offspring rats respectively. One day after the last 3-NP injection, the rotarod and passive avoidance task were conducted. As the key molecular determinants in metabolism and memory processes, we measured the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the amount of receptor interacting protein3 (RIP3) in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala using spectrophotometry and western blotting respectively. Besides, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was measured (GDH) as a chain between metabolism and memory formation. The results indicated that OXT improved learning and memory impairment caused by 3-NP or prenatal stress in both sexes. It was along with a significant decrease in the level of RIP3, AChE and GDH activities. However, in the presence of prenatal stress, the OXT could improve 3-NP induced learning and memory impairments just in female rats. So it could be suggested as an effective neurotherapeutic agent in diseases such as HD, but its sex and context dependency should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moslemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Gintonin, a ginseng-derived ingredient, as a novel therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease: Activation of the Nrf2 pathway through lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:146-162. [PMID: 30853569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin (GT), a ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, regulates various cellular effects and represses inflammation. However, little is known about the potential value of GT regarding inflammation in the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD). In this study, we investigated whether GT could ameliorate the neurological impairment and striatal toxicity in cellular or animal model of HD. Pre-, co-, and onset-treatment with GT (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) alleviated the severity of neurological impairment and lethality following 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). Pretreatment with GT also attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction i.e. succinate dehydrogenase and MitoSOX activities, apoptosis, microglial activation, and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in the striatum after 3-NPA-intoxication. Its action mechanism was associated with lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway activations and the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. These beneficial effects of GT were neutralized by pre-inhibiting LPARs with Ki16425 (a LPAR1/3 antagonist). Interestingly, GT reduced cell death and mutant huntingtin (HTT) aggregates in STHdh cells. It also mitigated neurological impairment in mice with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector serotype DJ-mediated overexpression of N171-82Q-mutant HTT in the striatum. Taken together, our findings firstly suggested that GT has beneficial effects with a wide therapeutic time-window in 3-NPA-induced striatal toxicity by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities through LPA. In addition, GT exerts neuroprotective effects in STHdh cells and AAV vector-infected model of HD. Thus GT might be an innovative therapeutic candidate to treat HD-like syndromes.
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18
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Polyzos AA, Lee DY, Datta R, Hauser M, Budworth H, Holt A, Mihalik S, Goldschmidt P, Frankel K, Trego K, Bennett MJ, Vockley J, Xu K, Gratton E, McMurray CT. Metabolic Reprogramming in Astrocytes Distinguishes Region-Specific Neuronal Susceptibility in Huntington Mice. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1258-1273.e11. [PMID: 30930170 PMCID: PMC6583797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The basis for region-specific neuronal toxicity in Huntington disease is unknown. Here, we show that region-specific neuronal vulnerability is a substrate-driven response in astrocytes. Glucose is low in HdhQ(150/150) animals, and astrocytes in each brain region adapt by metabolically reprogramming their mitochondria to use endogenous, non-glycolytic metabolites as an alternative fuel. Each region is characterized by distinct metabolic pools, and astrocytes adapt accordingly. The vulnerable striatum is enriched in fatty acids, and mitochondria reprogram by oxidizing them as an energy source but at the cost of escalating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. The cerebellum is replete with amino acids, which are precursors for glucose regeneration through the pentose phosphate shunt or gluconeogenesis pathways. ROS is not elevated, and this region sustains little damage. While mhtt expression imposes disease stress throughout the brain, sensitivity or resistance arises from an adaptive stress response, which is inherently region specific. Metabolic reprogramming may have relevance to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris A Polyzos
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rupsa Datta
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Meghan Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen Budworth
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amy Holt
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephanie Mihalik
- Department of Pediatrics at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Pike Goldschmidt
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ken Frankel
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kelly Trego
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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19
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Zhang X, Wan JQ, Tong XP. Potassium channel dysfunction in neurons and astrocytes in Huntington's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:311-318. [PMID: 29377621 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a late-onset fatal neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. The cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) triplet expansion encoding glutamine present in the protein huntingtin (Htt), produces widespread neuronal and glial pathology. Mutant huntingtin (mHtt) nuclear aggregates are the primary cause of cortical and striatal neuron degeneration, neuronal inflammation, apoptosis and eventual cell loss. The precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in HD remain poorly understood and HD patients have no current cure. Potassium channels are widely expressed in most cell types. In neurons, they play a crucial role in setting the resting membrane potential, mediating the rapid repolarization phase of the action potential and controlling sub-threshold oscillations of membrane potentials. In glial cells, their major contributions are maintaining the resting membrane potential and buffering extracellular K+ . Thus, potassium channels have an essential function in both physiological and pathological brain conditions. This review summarizes recent progress on potassium channels involved in the pathology of HD by using different HD mouse models. Exploring the dysfunction of potassium channels in the brain illustrates new approaches for targeting this channel for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Qing Wan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Tong
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Chang MY, Rhee J, Kim SH, Kim YH. The Protective Effect of Egb 761 Against 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Hearing Loss: The Role of Sirtuin 1. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 11:9-16. [PMID: 29032664 PMCID: PMC5831657 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Local administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) to the inner ear induces sensorineural hearing loss. Several studies have shown the otoprotective effects of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Moreover, EGb 761 has been reported to activate Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The present study was designed to investigate whether EGb 761 prevents 3-NP-induced sensorineural hearing loss and determine its effects on the expression of SIRT1. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups: control group receiving vehicle of 3-NP, EGb group receiving EGb 761, 3-NP group receiving 3-NP, and EGb+3-NP group receiving EGb 761 and 3-NP. EGb 761 was given orally for 5 days. The 3-NP solution was injected into the tympanum 3 days after the start of EGb 761 administration. The auditory brainstem response was recorded before and after the injection. At 4 weeks after the administration of 3-NP or vehicle of 3-NP, cochleae were harvested, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for SIRT1 antibody were performed. RESULTS EGb+3-NP group showed significantly lower threshold shifts than 3-NP group. There was a significant preservation of type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells in EGb+3-NP group than in 3-NP group. In EGb+3-NP group, there was a significantly greater number of SIRT1 immunopositive type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells than in 3-NP group. Calculating the percentage of SIRT1 immunoreactive type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells in viable type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells, respectively, EGb+3-NP group showed significantly higher SIRT1 immunoreactive cells than 3-NP group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EGb 761 may prevent hearing loss induced by 3-NP in an acute ototoxic animal model, which appears to be related with SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Young Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Shin Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan GovernmentSeoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Kim EJ, Jang M, Lee MJ, Choi JH, Lee SJ, Kim SK, Jang DS, Cho IH. Schisandra chinensis Stem Ameliorates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Toxicity via Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway and Inhibition of the MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:673. [PMID: 29033839 PMCID: PMC5627181 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial value of the stems of Schisandra chinensis (SSC) in neurological diseases is unclear. We examined whether SSC aqueous extract (SSCE) alleviates striatal toxicity in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD). SSCE (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given daily before or after 3-NPA treatment. Pre- and onset-treatment with SSCE displayed a significant protective effect and pretreatment was more effective as assessed by neurological scores and survival rate. These effects were related to reductions in mean lesion area, cell death, succinate dehydrogenase activity, microglial activation, and protein expression of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the striatum after 3-NPA treatment. Pretreatment with SSCE stimulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway and inhibited phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways in the striatum after 3-NPA treatment. The gomisin A and schizandrin components of SSCE significantly reduced the neurological impairment and lethality induced by 3-NPA treatment. These results indicate for the first time that SSCE may effectively prevent 3-NPA-induced striatal toxicity during a wide therapeutic time window through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. SSCE has potential value in preventive and therapeutic strategies for HD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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L-theanine prevent quinolinic acid induced motor deficit and striatal neurotoxicity: Reduction in oxido-nitrosative stress and restoration of striatal neurotransmitters level. Eur J Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Silva-Palacios A, Colín-González AL, López-Cervantes SP, Zazueta C, Luna-López A, Santamaría A, Königsberg M. Tert-buthylhydroquinone pre-conditioning exerts dual effects in old female rats exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid. Redox Biol 2017; 12:610-624. [PMID: 28391182 PMCID: PMC5384325 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a very susceptible organ to structural and functional alterations caused by oxidative stress and its vulnerability increases with age. Understanding the antioxidant response activated by the transcription factor Nrf2 has become very important in the aging field in order to activate cellular protection. However, the role of Nrf2 inducers during old age has not been completely understood. Our aim was to activate the Nrf2 pathway by pre-treating old rats with a widely used Nrf2-inducer, tert-buthylhydroquinone (tBHQ), prior to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) insult, in order to evaluate its effects at a behavioral, morphological and biochemical levels. 3-NP has been used to reproduce the biochemical and pathophysiological characteristics of Huntington's disease due to an oxidative effect. Our results suggest that tBHQ confers an important protective effect against 3-NP toxicity; nevertheless, Nrf2 seems not to be the main protective pathway associated to neuroprotection. Hormetic responses include the activation of more than one transcription factor. Nrf2 and NFκB are known to simultaneously initiate different cellular responses against stress by triggering parallel mechanisms, therefore NFκB nuclear accumulation was also evaluated. Old rats are able to activate an hormetic response against 3NP toxicity. tBHQ pre-conditioning exerts an antioxidant-prooxidant, dual role in old rats. tBHQ activates a crosstalk mechanism between NFκB and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico; Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autonomas Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana L Colín-González
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Stefanie P López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
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Kundap UP, Bhuvanendran S, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Plant Derived Phytocompound, Embelin in CNS Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 28289385 PMCID: PMC5326771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A Central nervous system (CNS) disease is the one which affects either the spinal cord or brain and causing neurological or psychiatric complications. During the nineteenth century, modern medicines have occupied the therapy for many ailments and are widely used these days. Herbal medicines have often maintained popularity for historical and cultural reasons and also considered safer as they originate from natural sources. Embelin is a plant-based benzoquinone which is the major active constituent of the fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. It is an Indo-Malaysian species, extensively used in various traditional medicine systems for treating various diseases. Several natural products including quinone derivatives, which are considered to possess better safety and efficacy profile, are known for their CNS related activity. The bright orange hydroxybenzoquinone embelin-rich fruits of E. ribes have become popular in ethnomedicine. The present systematic review summarizes the effects of embelin on central nervous system and related diseases. A PRISMA model for systematic review was utilized for search. Various electronic databases such as Pubmed, Springer, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched between January 2000 and February 2016. Based on the search criteria for the literature, 13 qualified articles were selected and discussed in this review. The results of the report showed that there is a lack of translational research and not a single study was found in human. This report gives embelin a further way to be explored in clinical trials for its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Cho KJ, Cheon SY, Kim GW. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 mediates striatal degeneration via the regulation of C1q. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18840. [PMID: 26728245 PMCID: PMC4700432 DOI: 10.1038/srep18840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1), an early signaling element in the cell death pathway, has been hypothesized to participate in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. The systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) facilitates the development of selective striatal lesions. However, it remains unclear whether specific neurons are selectively targeted in 3-NP-infused striatal degeneration. Recently, it has been proposed that complement-mediated synapse elimination may be reactivated aberrantly in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that ASK1 is involved in striatal astrocyte reactivation; reactive astrocyte secretes molecules detrimental to neuron; and striatal neurons are more susceptible to these factors. Our results indicate that striatal astrocyte is reactivated and ASK1 level increases after 3-NP general and chronic infusion. Reactive striatal astrocyte increases TGF-beta differentially to cortex and striatum. ASK1 may be involved in regulation of astrocyte TGF-beta and it is linked to the C1q level in spatial and temporal, and moreover in the earlier stage of progressing striatal neuronal loss. Conclusively the present study suggests that ASK1 mediates 3-NP toxicity and regulates C1q level through the astrocyte TGF-beta. And also it may suggest that C1q level may be a surrogate of prediction marker representing neurodegenerative disease progress before developing behavioral impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Joo Cho
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Cheon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyung Whan Kim
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, South Korea
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Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Luehea divaricata against Behavioral and Oxidative Changes Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:723431. [PMID: 26604972 PMCID: PMC4641189 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Accordingly, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) has been found to effectively produce HD-like symptoms. Luehea divaricata (L. divaricata), popularly known in Brazil as “açoita-cavalo,” may act as a neuroprotective agent in vitro and in vivo. We evaluated the hypothesis that the aqueous extract of L. divaricata could prevent behavioral and oxidative alterations induced by 3-NP in rats. 25 adult Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) L. divaricata (1000 mg/kg), (3) 3-NP, (4) L. divaricata (500 mg/kg) + 3-NP, and (5) L. divaricata (1000 mg/kg) + 3-NP. Groups 2, 4, and 5 received L. divaricata via intragastric gavage daily for 10 days. Animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 received 20 mg/kg 3-NP daily from days 8–10. At day 10, parameters of locomotor activity and biochemical evaluations were performed. Indeed, rats treated with 3-NP showed decreased locomotor activity compared to controls. Additionally, 3-NP increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and decreased ratio of GSH/GSSG and acetylcholinesterase activity in cortex and/or striatum. Our results suggest that rats pretreated with L. divaricata prior to 3-NP treatment showed neuroprotective effects when compared to 3-NP treated controls, which may be due to its antioxidant properties.
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27
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MicroRNA as biomarkers of mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 312:26-33. [PMID: 26476301 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity can be difficult to detect as most cells can tolerate reduced activity as long as minimal capacity for function is maintained. However, once minimal capacity is lost, apoptosis or necrosis occurs quickly. Identification of more sensitive, early markers of mitochondrial toxicity was the objective of this work. Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor, were administered daily to male Sprague-Dawley rats at subcutaneous doses of 0.1 or 0.3mg/kg/day and intraperitoneal doses of 5 or 10mg/kg/day, respectively, for 1week. Samples of kidney, skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris), and serum were collected for analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. MtDNA was significantly decreased with administration of rotenone at 0.3mg/kg/day and 3-NP at 5 and 10mg/kg/day in the quadriceps femoris and with 3-NP at 10mg/kg/day in the kidney. Additionally, rotenone and 3-NP treatment produced changes to miRNA expression that were similar in direction (i.e. upregulation, downregulation) to those previously linked to mitochondrial functions, such as mitochondrial damage and biogenesis (miR-122, miR-202-3p); regulation of ATP synthesis, abolished oxidative phosphorylation, and loss of membrane potential due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (miR-338-5p, miR-546, miR-34c); and mitochondrial DNA damage and depletion (miR-546). These results suggest that miRNAs may be sensitive biomarkers for early detection of mitochondrial toxicity.
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Ahmed LA, Darwish HA, Abdelsalam RM, Amin HA. Role of Rho Kinase Inhibition in the Protective Effect of Fasudil and Simvastatin Against 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Neurodegeneration and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3927-3938. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Jang M, Cho IH. Sulforaphane Ameliorates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Toxicity by Activating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Pathway and Inhibiting the MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2619-35. [PMID: 26096705 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential neuroprotective value of sulforaphane (SFN) in Huntington's disease (HD) has not been established yet. We investigated whether SFN prevents and improves the neurological impairment and striatal cell death in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced mouse model of HD. SFN (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was given daily 30 min before 3-NP treatment (pretreatment) and from onset/progression/peak points of the neurological scores. Pretreatment with SFN (5.0 mg/kg/day) produced the best neuroprotective effect with respect to the neurological scores and lethality among other conditions. The protective effects due to pretreatment with SFN were associated with the following: suppression of the formation of a lesion area, neuronal death, succinate dehydrogenase activity, apoptosis, microglial activation, and mRNA or protein expression of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the striatum after 3-NP treatment. Also, pretreatment with SFN activated the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in the striatum after 3-NP treatment. As expected, the pretreatment with activators (dimethyl fumarate and antioxidant response element inducer-3) of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway decreased the neurological impairment and lethality after 3-NP treatment. Our findings suggest that SFN may effectively attenuate 3-NP-induced striatal toxicity by activating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and inhibiting the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways and that SFN has a wide therapeutic time-window for HD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The understanding of manganese (Mn) biology, in particular its cellular regulation and role in neurological disease, is an area of expanding interest. Mn is an essential micronutrient that is required for the activity of a diverse set of enzymatic proteins (e.g., arginase and glutamine synthase). Although necessary for life, Mn is toxic in excess. Thus, maintaining appropriate levels of intracellular Mn is critical. Unlike other essential metals, cell-level homeostatic mechanisms of Mn have not been identified. In this review, we discuss common forms of Mn exposure, absorption, and transport via regulated uptake/exchange at the gut and blood-brain barrier and via biliary excretion. We present the current understanding of cellular uptake and efflux as well as subcellular storage and transport of Mn. In addition, we highlight the Mn-dependent and Mn-responsive pathways implicated in the growing evidence of its role in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. We conclude with suggestions for future focuses of Mn health-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Horning
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; , ,
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31
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Veres G, Molnár M, Zádori D, Szentirmai M, Szalárdy L, Török R, Fazekas E, Ilisz I, Vécsei L, Klivényi P. Central nervous system-specific alterations in the tryptophan metabolism in the 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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