1
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Chen P, Yang W, Mochida Y, Li S, Hong T, Kinoh H, Kataoka K, Cabral H. Selective Intracellular Delivery of Antibodies in Cancer Cells with Nanocarriers Sensing Endo/Lysosomal Enzymatic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317817. [PMID: 38342757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The differential enzymatic activity in the endo/lysosomes of particular cells could trigger targeted endosomal escape functions, enabling selective intracellular protein delivery. However, this strategy may be jeopardized due to protein degradation during endosomal trafficking. Herein, using custom made fluorescent probes to assess the endosomal activity of cathepsin B (CTSB) and protein degradation, we found that certain cancer cells with hyperacidified endosomes grant a spatiotemporal window where CTSB activity surpass protein digestion. This inspired the engineering of antibody-loaded polymeric nanocarriers having CTSB-activatable endosomal escape ability. The nanocarriers selectively escaped from the endo/lysosomes in the cells with high endosomal CTSB activity and delivered active antibodies to intracellular targets. This study provides a viable strategy for cell-specific protein delivery using stimuli-responsive nanocarriers with controlled endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kinoh
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Pierga A, Matusiak R, Cauhapé M, Branchu J, Danglot L, Boutry M, Darios F. Spatacsin regulates directionality of lysosome trafficking by promoting the degradation of its partner AP5Z1. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002337. [PMID: 37871017 PMCID: PMC10621996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms contacts with the lysosomal compartment, regulating lysosome positioning and motility. The movements of lysosomes are controlled by the attachment of molecular motors to their surface. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ER controls lysosome dynamics are still elusive. Here, using mouse brain extracts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we demonstrate that spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes, which are highly dynamic. Screening for spatacsin partners required for tubular lysosome formation showed spatacsin to act by regulating protein degradation. We demonstrate that spatacsin promotes the degradation of its partner AP5Z1, which regulates the relative amount of spastizin and AP5Z1 at lysosomes. Spastizin and AP5Z1 contribute to regulate tubular lysosome formation, as well as their trafficking by interacting with anterograde and retrograde motor proteins, kinesin KIF13A and dynein/dynactin subunit p150Glued, respectively. Ultimately, investigations in polarized mouse cortical neurons in culture demonstrated that spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking. Collectively, our results identify spatacsin as a protein regulating the directionality of lysosome trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pierga
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Matusiak
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Cauhapé
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Julien Branchu
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Scientific director of NeurImag facility, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Boutry
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
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3
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Advances in measuring cancer cell metabolism with subcellular resolution. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1048-1063. [PMID: 36008629 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing metabolism in cancer is crucial for understanding tumor biology and for developing potential therapies. Although most metabolic investigations analyze averaged metabolite levels from all cell compartments, subcellular metabolomics can provide more detailed insight into the biochemical processes associated with the disease. Methodological limitations have historically prevented the wider application of subcellular metabolomics in cancer research. Recently, however, ways to distinguish and identify metabolic pathways within organelles have been developed, including state-of-the-art methods to monitor metabolism in situ (such as mass spectrometry-based imaging, Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy), to isolate key organelles via new approaches and to use tailored isotope-tracing strategies. Herein, we examine the advantages and limitations of these developments and look to the future of this field of research.
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4
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Lysosomal exocytosis releases pathogenic α-synuclein species from neurons in synucleinopathy models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4918. [PMID: 35995799 PMCID: PMC9395532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports the release of pathogenic aggregates of the neuronal protein α-Synuclein (αSyn) into the extracellular space. While this release is proposed to instigate the neuron-to-neuron transmission and spread of αSyn pathology in synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease, the molecular-cellular mechanism(s) remain unclear. To study this, we generated a new mouse model to specifically immunoisolate neuronal lysosomes, and established a long-term culture model where αSyn aggregates are produced within neurons without the addition of exogenous fibrils. We show that neuronally generated pathogenic species of αSyn accumulate within neuronal lysosomes in mouse brains and primary neurons. We then find that neurons release these pathogenic αSyn species via SNARE-dependent lysosomal exocytosis. The released aggregates are non-membrane enveloped and seeding-competent. Additionally, we find that this release is dependent on neuronal activity and cytosolic Ca2+. These results propose lysosomal exocytosis as a central mechanism for the release of aggregated and degradation-resistant proteins from neurons. Release of α-synuclein aggregates by neurons instigates spread of pathology in synucleinopathies, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here the authors show that neuronally generated α-synuclein aggregates accumulate within neuronal lysosomes and are released via SNARE-dependent lysosomal exocytosis.
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Gericke B, Wienböker I, Brandes G, Löscher W. Is P-Glycoprotein Functionally Expressed in the Limiting Membrane of Endolysosomes? A Biochemical and Ultrastructural Study in the Rat Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091556. [PMID: 35563868 PMCID: PMC9102269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp; ABCB1) plays an important role in drug absorption, disposition, and elimination. There is an ongoing debate whether, in addition to its localization at the plasma membrane, Pgp may also be expressed at the limiting membrane of endolysosomes (ELs), mediating active EL drug sequestration. If true, this would be an important mechanism to prevent drugs from reaching their intracellular targets. However, direct evidence demonstrating the functional expression of Pgp at the limiting membrane of ELs is lacking. This prompted us to perform a biochemical and ultrastructural study on the intracellular localization of Pgp in native rat liver. For this purpose, we established an improved subcellular fractionation procedure for the enrichment of ELs and employed different biochemical and ultrastructural methods to characterize the Pgp localization and function in the enriched EL fractions. Whereas the biochemical methods seemed to indicate that Pgp is functionally expressed at EL limiting membranes, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that this only occurs rarely, if at all. Instead, Pgp was found in the limiting membrane of early endosomes and intraluminal vesicles. In additional TEM experiments, using a Pgp-overexpressing brain microvessel endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3-MDR1-EGFP), we examined whether Pgp is expressed at the limiting membrane of ELs when cells are exposed to high levels of the Pgp substrate doxorubicin. Pgp was seen in early endosomes but only rarely in endolysosomes, whereas Pgp immunogold labeling was detected in large autophagosomes. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of combining biochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate the relationship between Pgp localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inka Wienböker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhou J, Jung M, Dimmer KS, Rapaport D. The multi-factor modulated biogenesis of the mitochondrial multi-span protein Om14. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213056. [PMID: 35262629 PMCID: PMC8916117 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) harbors proteins that traverse the membrane via several helical segments and are called multi-span proteins. To obtain new insights into the biogenesis of these proteins, we utilized yeast mitochondria and the multi-span protein Om14. Testing different truncation variants, we show that while only the full-length protein contains all the information that assures perfect targeting specificity, shorter variants are targeted to mitochondria with compromised fidelity. Employing a specific insertion assay and various deletion strains, we show that proteins exposed to the cytosol do not contribute significantly to the biogenesis process. We further demonstrate that Mim1 and Porin support optimal membrane integration of Om14 but none of them are absolutely required. Unfolding of newly synthesized Om14, its optimal hydrophobicity, and higher fluidity of the membrane enhanced the import capacity of Om14. Collectively, these findings suggest that MOM multi-span proteins follow different biogenesis pathways in which proteinaceous elements and membrane behavior contribute to a variable extent to the combined efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhou
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kai S Dimmer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Ayagama T, Bose SJ, Capel RA, Priestman DA, Berridge G, Fischer R, Galione A, Platt FM, Kramer H, Burton RA. A modified density gradient proteomic-based method to analyze endolysosomal proteins in cardiac tissue. iScience 2021; 24:102949. [PMID: 34466782 PMCID: PMC8384914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of lysosomes in cardiac physiology and pathology is well established, and evidence for roles in calcium signaling is emerging. We describe a label-free proteomics method suitable for small cardiac tissue biopsies based on density-separated fractionation, which allows study of endolysosomal (EL) proteins. Density gradient fractions corresponding to tissue lysate; sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria (Mito) (1.3 g/mL); and EL with negligible contamination from SR or Mito (1.04 g/mL) were analyzed using Western blot, enzyme activity assay, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis (adapted discontinuous Percoll and sucrose differential density gradient). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Reactome, Panther, and Gene Ontology pathway analysis showed good coverage of RAB proteins and lysosomal cathepsins (including cardiac-specific cathepsin D) in the purified EL fraction. Significant EL proteins recovered included catalytic activity proteins. We thus present a comprehensive protocol and data set of guinea pig atrial EL organelle proteomics using techniques also applicable for non-cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamali Ayagama
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Samuel J. Bose
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Rebecca A. Capel
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | | | - Georgina Berridge
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Antony Galione
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Frances M. Platt
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
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8
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Sharoar MG, Palko S, Ge Y, Saido TC, Yan R. Accumulation of saposin in dystrophic neurites is linked to impaired lysosomal functions in Alzheimer's disease brains. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:45. [PMID: 34215298 PMCID: PMC8254260 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains refer to β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques surrounded by dystrophic neurites (DNs), activated microglia and reactive astrocytes. Most recently, we showed that DNs form sequentially in three layers during plaque growth. Although lysosomal proteins such as LAMP1 are found in DNs, it is not clear how many and how early lysosomal proteins are involved in forming neuritic plaques. To answer this unmet question, we examined APP knock-in (APPNL-G-F), 5xFAD and APP/PS1ΔE9 mouse brains and found that the lysosomal activator proteins saposins (SAPs) and LAMP1 were accumulated to surround Aβ plaques at the earliest stage, namely the 1st layer of DNs. Noticeably, lysosomal hydrolases were not detectable in these early DNs, suggesting that DNs at this early stage likely enrich dysfunctional lysosomes. In old AD mouse brains and in the later stage of human AD brains, SAP-C+-DNs and LAMP1+-DNs were gradually reduced in concomitant with the growth of amyloid plaques. Remarkably, the observed LAMP1 immunoreactivity near plaques in aged AD mouse and human brains were actually associated with disease-associated microglia rather than neuronal sources, likely reflecting more severely impaired lysosomal functions in neurons. Western blot analyses showed increased levels of SAP-C in AD mouse brains, and Aβ oligomers induced elevated levels of SAP-C in cellular assays. The elevated protein levels of SAP-C in AD mouse brains during plaque growth potentially contributed lysosomal membrane leakage and loss of hydrolases. Together, our study indicates that lysosomal functions are impaired by being entrapped in DNs early during plaque growth, and this may viciously facilitate growth of amyloid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Sharoar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Sarah Palko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Yingying Ge
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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9
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Bouvet M, Dubois-Deruy E, Turkieh A, Mulder P, Peugnet V, Chwastyniak M, Beseme O, Dechaumes A, Amouyel P, Richard V, Lamblin N, Pinet F. Desmin aggrephagy in rat and human ischemic heart failure through PKCζ and GSK3β as upstream signaling pathways. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:153. [PMID: 34226534 PMCID: PMC8257599 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of cardiac proteins could participate to left contractile dysfunction resulting in heart failure. Using a rat model of ischemic heart failure, we showed an accumulation of phosphorylated desmin leading to toxic aggregates in cardiomyocytes, but the cellular mechanisms are unknown. The same rat model was used to decipher the kinases involved in desmin phosphorylation and the proteolytic systems present in rat and human failing hearts. We used primary cultures of neonate rat cardiomyocytes for testing specific inhibitors of kinases and for characterizing the autophagic processes able to clear desmin aggregates. We found a significant increase of active PKCζ, no modulation of ubitiquitin-proteasome system, a defect in macroautophagy, and an activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy in heart failure rats. We validated in vitro that PKCζ inhibition induced a significant decrease of GSK3β and of soluble desmin. In vitro activation of ubiquitination of proteins and of chaperone-mediated autophagy is able to decrease soluble and insoluble forms of desmin in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate a novel signaling pathway implicating activation of PKCζ in desmin phosphorylation associated with a defect of proteolytic systems in ischemic heart failure, leading to desmin aggrephagy. Our in vitro data demonstrated that ubiquitination of proteins and chaperone-mediated autophagy are required for eliminating desmin aggregates with the contribution of its chaperone protein, α-crystallin Β-chain. Modulation of the kinases involved under pathological conditions may help preserving desmin intermediate filaments structure and thus protect the structural integrity of contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes by limiting desmin aggregates formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bouvet
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Annie Turkieh
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1096, FHU-REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Victoriane Peugnet
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivia Beseme
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Arthur Dechaumes
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1096, FHU-REMOD-VHF, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Lamblin
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- INSERM, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France.
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10
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Xiong J, He J, Xie WP, Hinojosa E, Ambati CSR, Putluri N, Kim HE, Zhu MX, Du G. Rapid affinity purification of intracellular organelles using a twin strep tag. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.235390. [PMID: 31780580 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are internally organized into compartmentalized organelles that execute specialized functions. To understand the functions of individual organelles and their regulations, it is critical to resolve the compositions of individual organelles, which relies on a rapid and efficient isolation method for specific organellar populations. Here, we introduce a robust affinity purification method for rapid isolation of intracellular organelles (e.g. lysosomes, mitochondria and peroxisomes) by taking advantage of the extraordinarily high affinity between the twin strep tag and streptavidin variants. With this method, we can isolate desired organelles with high purity and yield in 3 min from the post-nuclear supernatant of mammalian cells or less than 8 min for the whole purification process. Using lysosomes as an example, we show that the rapid procedure is especially useful for studying transient and fast cellular activities, such as organelle-initiated signaling and organellar contents of small-molecular metabolites. Therefore, our method offers a powerful tool to dissect spatiotemporal regulation and functions of intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingquan He
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wendy P Xie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ezekiel Hinojosa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandra Shekar R Ambati
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Eui Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Evers BM, Rodriguez-Navas C, Tesla RJ, Prange-Kiel J, Wasser CR, Yoo KS, McDonald J, Cenik B, Ravenscroft TA, Plattner F, Rademakers R, Yu G, White CL, Herz J. Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Basis of Lysosomal Dysfunction in Progranulin Deficiency. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2565-2574. [PMID: 28903038 PMCID: PMC5757843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective lysosomal function defines many neurodegenerative diseases, such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) with progranulin (PGRN) deficiency. Here, we show that PGRN is involved in lysosomal homeostasis and lipid metabolism. PGRN deficiency alters lysosome abundance and morphology in mouse neurons. Using an unbiased lipidomic approach, we found that brain lipid composition in humans and mice with PGRN deficiency shows disease-specific differences that distinguish them from normal and other pathologic groups. PGRN loss leads to an accumulation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerides, as well as a reduction of diacylglycerides and phosphatidylserines in fibroblast and enriched lysosome lipidomes. Transcriptomic analysis of PGRN-deficient mouse brains revealed distinct expression patterns of lysosomal, immune-related, and lipid metabolic genes. These findings have implications for the pathogenesis of FTLD-TDP due to PGRN deficiency and suggest lysosomal dysfunction as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Evers
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Navas
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rachel J Tesla
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Janine Prange-Kiel
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kyoung Shin Yoo
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Basar Cenik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Florian Plattner
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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12
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Wong AYW, Oikonomou V, Paolicelli G, De Luca A, Pariano M, Fric J, Tay HS, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Zelante T. Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Controls the Ca 2+/Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells/IL-2 Pathway during Aspergillus Non-Canonical Autophagy in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:210. [PMID: 29472933 PMCID: PMC5809498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson's disease-associated protein, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a known negative regulator of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), is expressed in myeloid cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) and is involved in the host immune response against pathogens. Since, the Ca2+/NFAT/IL-2 axis has been previously found to regulate DC response to the fungus Aspergillus, we have investigated the role played by the kinase LRRK2 during fungal infection. Mechanistically, we found that in the early stages of the non-canonical autophagic response of DCs to the germinated spores of Aspergillus, LRRK2 undergoes progressive degradation and regulates NFAT translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results shed new light on the complexity of the Ca2+/NFAT/IL-2 pathway, where LRRK2 plays a role in controlling the immune response of DCs to Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Yoke Wei Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vasilis Oikonomou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jan Fric
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hock Soon Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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13
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Asleh R, Ward J, Levy NS, Safuri S, Aronson D, Levy AP. Haptoglobin genotype-dependent differences in macrophage lysosomal oxidative injury. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16313-25. [PMID: 24778180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The major function of the Haptoglobin (Hp) protein is to control trafficking of extracorpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) thru the macrophage CD163 receptor with degradation of the Hb in the lysosome. There is a common copy number polymorphism in the Hp gene (Hp 2 allele) that has been associated with a severalfold increased incidence of atherothrombosis in multiple longitudinal studies. Increased plaque oxidation and apoptotic markers have been observed in Hp 2-2 atherosclerotic plaques, but the mechanism responsible for this finding has not been determined. We proposed that the increased oxidative injury in Hp 2-2 plaques is due to an impaired processing of Hp 2-2-Hb complexes within macrophage lysosomes, thereby resulting in redox active iron accumulation, lysosomal membrane oxidative injury, and macrophage apoptosis. We sought to test this hypothesis in vitro using purified Hp-Hb complex and cells genetically manipulated to express CD163. CD163-mediated endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of Hp-Hb were decreased for Hp 2-2-Hb complexes. Confocal microscopy using lysotropic pH indicator dyes demonstrated that uptake of Hp 2-2-Hb complexes disrupted the lysosomal pH gradient. Cellular fractionation studies of lysosomes isolated from macrophages incubated with Hp 2-2-Hb complexes demonstrated increased lysosomal membrane oxidation and a loss of lysosomal membrane integrity leading to lysosomal enzyme leakage into the cytoplasm. Additionally, markers of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and active caspase 3 were increased in macrophages that had endocytosed Hp 2-2-Hb complexes. These data provide novel mechanistic insights into how the Hp genotype regulates lysosomal oxidative stress within macrophages after receptor-mediated endocytosis of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Asleh
- From the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel and the Department of Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, Rambam Health Care Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - John Ward
- From the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel and
| | - Nina S Levy
- From the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel and
| | - Shady Safuri
- From the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel and
| | - Doron Aronson
- the Department of Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, Rambam Health Care Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Andrew P Levy
- From the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel and
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14
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Role of mutations in the cellular internalization of amyloidogenic light chains into cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1278. [PMID: 23417147 PMCID: PMC3575045 DOI: 10.1038/srep01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by the misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains, accumulating as amyloid fibrils in vital organs. Multiple reports have indicated that amyloidogenic light chains internalize into a variety of cell types, but these studies used urine-derived proteins without indicating any protein sequence information. As a result, the role of somatic mutations in amyloidogenic protein internalization has not been yet studied. We characterized the internalization of AL-09, an AL amyloidosis protein into mouse cardiomyocytes. We also characterized the internalization of the germline protein κI O18/O8, devoid of somatic mutations, and three AL-09 restorative mutations (I34N, Q42K, and H87Y) previously characterized for their role in protein structure, stability, and amyloid formation kinetics. All proteins shared a common internalization pathway into lysosomal compartments. The proteins caused different degrees of lysosomal expansion. Oregon green (OG) labeled AL-09 showed the most rapid internalization, while OG-Q42K presented the slowest rate of internalization.
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15
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Vaithilingam A, Lai NY, Duong E, Boucau J, Xu Y, Shimada M, Gandhi M, Le Gall S. A simple methodology to assess endolysosomal protease activity involved in antigen processing in human primary cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:35. [PMID: 23937268 PMCID: PMC3751085 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endolysosomes play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cell. They are made of a complex set of proteins that degrade lipids, proteins and sugars. Studies involving endolysosome contribution to cellular functions such as MHC class I and II epitope production have used recombinant endolysosomal proteins, knockout mice that lack one of the enzymes or purified organelles from human tissue. Each of these approaches has some caveats in analyzing endolysosomal enzyme functions. RESULTS In this study, we have developed a simple methodology to assess endolysosomal protease activity. By varying the pH in crude lysate from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we documented increased endolysosomal cathepsin activity in acidic conditions. Using this new method, we showed that the degradation of HIV peptides in low pH extracts analyzed by mass spectrometry followed similar kinetics and degradation patterns as those performed with purified endolysosomes. CONCLUSION By using crude lysate in the place of purified organelles this method will be a quick and useful tool to assess endolysosomal protease activities in primary cells of limited availability. This quick method will especially be useful to screen peptide susceptibility to degradation in endolysosomal compartments for antigen processing studies, following which detailed analysis using purified organelles may be used to study specific peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vaithilingam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Basurto-Islas G, Grundke-Iqbal I, Tung YC, Liu F, Iqbal K. Activation of asparaginyl endopeptidase leads to Tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17495-507. [PMID: 23640887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary pathology of abnormally hyperphosphorylated Tau is a key lesion of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, and its density in the brain directly correlates with dementia. The phosphorylation of Tau is regulated by protein phosphatase 2A, which in turn is regulated by inhibitor 2, I2(PP2A). In acidic conditions such as generated by brain ischemia and hypoxia, especially in association with hyperglycemia as in diabetes, I2(PP2A) is cleaved by asparaginyl endopeptidase at Asn-175 into the N-terminal fragment (I2NTF) and the C-terminal fragment (I2CTF). Both I2NTF and I2CTF are known to bind to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and inhibit its activity. Here we show that the level of activated asparaginyl endopeptidase is significantly increased, and this enzyme and I2(PP2A) translocate, respectively, from neuronal lysosomes and nucleus to the cytoplasm where they interact and are associated with hyperphosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer disease brain. Asparaginyl endopeptidase from Alzheimer disease brain could cleave GST-I2(PP2A), except when I2(PP2A) was mutated at the cleavage site Asn-175 to Gln. Finally, an induction of acidosis by treatment with kainic acid or pH 6.0 medium activated asparaginyl endopeptidase and consequently produced the cleavage of I2(PP2A), inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A, and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, and the knockdown of asparaginyl endopeptidase with siRNA abolished this pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest the involvement of brain acidosis in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, and asparaginyl endopeptidase-I2(PP2A)-protein phosphatase 2A-Tau hyperphosphorylation pathway as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314-6399, USA
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17
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Jin CF, Li B, Lin SM, Yadav RK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Cortex Extracts (EUCE) in the CCl 4 -Induced Acute Liver Lipid Accumulation in Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:751854. [PMID: 24027582 PMCID: PMC3762164 DOI: 10.1155/2013/751854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) has been used for treatment of liver diseases. The protective effects of Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv. cortex extracts (EUCE) on the carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic lipid accumulation were examined in this study. Rats were orally treated with EUCE in different doses prior to an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg CCl4. Acute injection of CCl4 decreased plasma triglyceride but increased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol as compared to control rats. On the other hand, the pretreatment with EUCE diminished these effects at a dose-dependent manner. CCl4 treatment decreased glutathione (GSH) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accompanied by activated P450 2E1. The pretreatment with EUCE significantly improved these deleterious effects of CCl4. CCl4 treatment increased P450 2E1 activation and ApoB accumulation. Pretreatment with EUCE reversed these effects. ER stress response was significantly increased by CCl4, which was inhibited by EUCE. One of the possible ER stress regulatory mechanisms, lysosomal activity, was examined. CCl4 reduced lysosomal enzymes that were reversed with the EUCE. The results indicate that oral pretreatment with EUCE may protect liver against CCl4-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. ER stress and its related ROS regulation are suggested as a possible mechanism in the antidyslipidemic effect of EUCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun-Mei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj-Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Wonkwang Biomaterial Implant Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Chonbuk, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
- *Han-Jung Chae:
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18
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Lapointe J, Wang Y, Bigras E, Hekimi S. The submitochondrial distribution of ubiquinone affects respiration in long-lived Mclk1+/- mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 199:215-24. [PMID: 23045551 PMCID: PMC3471228 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201203090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MCLK1 and COQ3 are mitochondrial enzymes necessary for ubiquinone biosynthesis, but only MCLK1 also regulates the partitioning of ubiquinone between mitochondrial membranes and affects longevity in mice. Mclk1 (also known as Coq7) and Coq3 code for mitochondrial enzymes implicated in the biosynthetic pathway of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q or UQ). Mclk1+/− mice are long-lived but have dysfunctional mitochondria. This phenotype remains unexplained, as no changes in UQ content were observed in these mutants. By producing highly purified submitochondrial fractions, we report here that Mclk1+/− mice present a unique mitochondrial UQ profile that was characterized by decreased UQ levels in the inner membrane coupled with increased UQ in the outer membrane. Dietary-supplemented UQ10 was actively incorporated in both mitochondrial membranes, and this was sufficient to reverse mutant mitochondrial phenotypes. Further, although homozygous Coq3 mutants die as embryos like Mclk1 homozygous null mice, Coq3+/− mice had a normal lifespan and were free of detectable defects in mitochondrial function or ubiquinone distribution. These findings indicate that MCLK1 regulates both UQ synthesis and distribution within mitochondrial membranes.
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19
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Asleh R, Nakhoul FM, Miller-Lotan R, Awad H, Farbstein D, Levy NS, Nakhoul N, Iancu TC, Manov I, Laue M, Traber MG, Lebold KM, Levy AP. Poor lysosomal membrane integrity in proximal tubule cells of haptoglobin 2-2 genotype mice with diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:779-86. [PMID: 22749805 PMCID: PMC3600120 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The haptoglobin (Hp) genotype is a major determinant of progression of nephropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). The major function of the Hp protein is to bind and modulate the fate of extracorpuscular hemoglobin and its iron cargo. We have previously demonstrated an interaction between the Hp genotype and the DM on the accumulation of iron in renal proximal tubule cells. The primary objective of this study was to determine the intracellular localization of this iron in the proximal tubule cell and to assess its potential toxicity. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a marked accumulation of electron-dense deposits in the lysosomes of proximal tubules cells in Hp 2-2 DM mice. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy were used to perform elemental analysis of these deposits and demonstrated that these deposits were iron rich. These deposits were associated with lysosomal membrane lipid peroxidation and loss of lysosomal membrane integrity. Vitamin E administration to Hp 2-2 DM mice resulted in a significant decrease in both intralysosomal iron-induced oxidation and lysosomal destabilization. Iron-induced renal tubular injury may play a major role in the development of diabetic nephropathy and may be a target for slowing the progression of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Asleh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Farid M. Nakhoul
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
- Nephrology Department, Baruch-Padeh Poryia Medical Center, Bar Ilan University Faculty of Medicine, Lower Galilee, 15208, Poryia, Israel
- Corresponding author at: Poryia Medical Center, Bar Ilan University Faculty of Medicine, Poryia, Israel. fax: 972 4 6652587
| | - Rachel Miller-Lotan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hoda Awad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Farbstein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina S. Levy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nakhoul Nakhoul
- Nephrology Department, Baruch-Padeh Poryia Medical Center, Bar Ilan University Faculty of Medicine, Lower Galilee, 15208, Poryia, Israel
| | - Theodore C. Iancu
- Pediatric Research and Electron Microscopy Unit, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irena Manov
- Pediatric Research and Electron Microscopy Unit, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Laue
- Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maret G. Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvalis, OR, USA
| | - Katie M. Lebold
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvalis, OR, USA
| | - Andrew P. Levy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, P.O.B. 9649, Haifa, Israel
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20
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Haspel J, Shaik RS, Ifedigbo E, Nakahira K, Dolinay T, Englert JA, Choi AMK. Characterization of macroautophagic flux in vivo using a leupeptin-based assay. Autophagy 2011; 7:629-42. [PMID: 21460622 DOI: 10.4161/auto.7.6.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that is crucial for organ homeostasis in mammals. However, methods to directly measure macroautophagic activity (or flux) in vivo are limited. In this study we developed a quantitative macroautophagic flux assay based on measuring LC3b protein turnover in vivo after administering the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Using this assay we then characterized basal macroautophagic flux in different mouse organs. We found that the rate of LC3b accumulation after leupeptin treatment was greatest in the liver and lowest in spleen. Interestingly we found that LC3a, an ATG8/LC3b homologue and the LC3b-interacting protein p62 were degraded with similar kinetics to LC3b. However, the LC3b-related proteins GABARAP and GATE-16 were not rapidly turned over in mouse liver, implying that different LC3b homologues may contribute to macroautophagy via distinct mechanisms. Nutrient starvation augmented macroautophagic flux as measured by our assay, while refeeding the animals after a period of starvation significantly suppressed flux. We also confirmed that beclin 1 heterozygous mice had reduced basal macroautophagic flux compared to wild-type littermates. These results illustrate the usefulness of our leupeptin-based assay for studying the dynamics of macroautophagy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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21
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Schmidt H, Gelhaus C, Lucius R, Nebendahl M, Leippe M, Janssen O. Enrichment and analysis of secretory lysosomes from lymphocyte populations. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:41. [PMID: 19640298 PMCID: PMC2726124 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In specialized cells, such as mast cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells in the immune system and for instance melanocytes in the skin, secretory lysosomes (SL) have evolved as bifunctional organelles that combine degradative and secretory properties. Mutations in lysosomal storage, transport or sorting molecules are associated with severe immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity and (partial) albinism. In order to analyze the function and content of secretory lysosomes in different cell populations, an efficient enrichment of these organelles is mandatory. RESULTS Based on a combination of differential and density gradient centrifugation steps, we provide a protocol to enrich intact SL from expanded hematopoietic cells, here T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells. Individual fractions were initially characterized by Western blotting using antibodies against an array of marker proteins for intracellular compartments. As indicated by the presence of LAMP-3 (CD63) and FasL (CD178), we obtained a selective enrichment of SL in one of the resulting organelle fractions. The robustness and reproducibility of the applied separation protocol was examined by a high-resolution proteome analysis of individual SL preparations of different donors by 2D difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). CONCLUSION The provided protocol is readily applicable to enrich and isolate intact secretory vesicles from individual cell populations. It can be used to compare SL of normal and transformed cell lines or primary cell populations from healthy donors and patients with lysosomal storage or transport diseases, or from corresponding mutant mice. A subsequent proteome analysis allows the characterization of molecules involved in lysosomal maturation and cytotoxic effector function at high-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schmidt
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Gelhaus
- Department of Zoophysiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melanie Nebendahl
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Leippe
- Department of Zoophysiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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