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Bonatto Paese CL, Brooks EC, Aarnio-Peterson M, Brugmann SA. Ciliopathic micrognathia is caused by aberrant skeletal differentiation and remodeling. Development 2021; 148:148/4/dev194175. [PMID: 33589509 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies represent a growing class of diseases caused by defects in microtubule-based organelles called primary cilia. Approximately 30% of ciliopathies are characterized by craniofacial phenotypes such as craniosynostosis, cleft lip/palate and micrognathia. Patients with ciliopathic micrognathia experience a particular set of difficulties, including impaired feeding and breathing, and have extremely limited treatment options. To understand the cellular and molecular basis for ciliopathic micrognathia, we used the talpid2 (ta2 ), a bona fide avian model for the human ciliopathy oral-facial-digital syndrome subtype 14. Histological analyses revealed that the onset of ciliopathic micrognathia in ta2 embryos occurred at the earliest stages of mandibular development. Neural crest-derived skeletal progenitor cells were particularly sensitive to a ciliopathic insult, undergoing unchecked passage through the cell cycle and subsequent increased proliferation. Furthermore, whereas neural crest-derived skeletal differentiation was initiated, osteoblast maturation failed to progress to completion. Additional molecular analyses revealed that an imbalance in the ratio of bone deposition and resorption also contributed to ciliopathic micrognathia in ta2 embryos. Thus, our results suggest that ciliopathic micrognathia is a consequence of multiple aberrant cellular processes necessary for skeletal development, and provide potential avenues for future therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Louis Bonatto Paese
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Evan C Brooks
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Megan Aarnio-Peterson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Shriners Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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2
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Knudsen TB, Pierro JD, Baker NC. Retinoid signaling in skeletal development: Scoping the system for predictive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:109-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wei EQ, Sinden DS, Mao L, Zhang H, Wang C, Pitt GS. Inducible Fgf13 ablation enhances caveolae-mediated cardioprotection during cardiac pressure overload. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4010-E4019. [PMID: 28461495 PMCID: PMC5441822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616393114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factor FGF13, a noncanonical FGF, has been best characterized as a voltage-gated Na+ channel auxiliary subunit. Other cellular functions have been suggested, but not explored. In inducible, cardiac-specific Fgf13 knockout mice, we found-even in the context of the expected reduction in Na+ channel current-an unanticipated protection from the maladaptive hypertrophic response to pressure overload. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we searched for components of the FGF13 interactome in cardiomyocytes and discovered the complete set of the cavin family of caveolar coat proteins. Detailed biochemical investigations showed that FGF13 acts as a negative regulator of caveolae abundance in cardiomyocytes by controlling the relative distribution of cavin 1 between the sarcolemma and cytosol. In cardiac-specific Fgf13 knockout mice, cavin 1 redistribution to the sarcolemma stabilized the caveolar structural protein caveolin 3. The consequent increase in caveolae density afforded protection against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction by two mechanisms: (i) enhancing cardioprotective signaling pathways enriched in caveolae, and (ii) increasing the caveolar membrane reserve available to buffer membrane tension. Thus, our results uncover unexpected roles for a FGF homologous factor and establish FGF13 as a regulator of caveolae-mediated mechanoprotection and adaptive hypertrophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Q Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daniel S Sinden
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
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Hulsey CD, Fraser GJ, Streelman JT. Evolution and development of complex biomechanical systems: 300 million years of fish jaws. Zebrafish 2008; 2:243-57. [PMID: 18248183 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2005.2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The jaws of teleost fishes are diverse and complex musculoskeletal systems. The focus in this review is on the major biomechanical systems in the teleost head, and the range and interplay of functional, developmental, and genetic influences that shape the modular and integrated evolution of elements. Insights possible from comparative studies are discussed in the context of traditional and new models for studies of craniofacial evolution and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Darrin Hulsey
- School of Biology, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA.
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Harris MP, Hasso SM, Ferguson MWJ, Fallon JF. The Development of Archosaurian First-Generation Teeth in a Chicken Mutant. Curr Biol 2006; 16:371-7. [PMID: 16488870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modern birds do not have teeth. Rather, they develop a specialized keratinized structure, called the rhamphotheca, that covers the mandible, maxillae, and premaxillae. Although recombination studies have shown that the avian epidermis can respond to tooth-inductive cues from mouse or lizard oral mesenchyme and participate in tooth formation, attempts to initiate tooth development de novo in birds have failed. Here, we describe the formation of teeth in the talpid2 chicken mutant, including the developmental processes and early molecular changes associated with the formation of teeth. Additionally, we show recapitulation of the early events seen in talpid2 after in vivo activation of beta-catenin in wild-type embryos. We compare the formation of teeth in the talpid2 mutant with that in the alligator and show the formation of decidedly archosaurian (crocodilian) first-generation teeth in an avian embryo. The formation of teeth in the mutant is coupled with alterations in the specification of the oral/aboral boundary of the jaw. We propose an epigenetic model of the developmental modification of dentition in avian evolution; in this model, changes in the relative position of a lateral signaling center over competent odontogenic mesenchyme led to loss of teeth in avians while maintaining tooth developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Harris
- Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) bear strong sequence and structural similarity to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). However, the biochemical and functional properties of FHFs are largely, if not totally, unrelated to those of FGFs. Whereas FGFs function through binding to the extracellular domains of FGF receptors (FGFRs), FHFs bind to intracellular domains of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and to a neuronal MAP kinase scaffold protein, islet-brain-2 (IB2). These findings demonstrate the remarkable functional adaptability during evolution of the FGF gene family. FHF gene mutations in mice result in a range of neurological abnormalities, and at least one of these anomalies, cerebellar ataxia, is linked to FHF mutations in humans. This article reviews the sequences and structure of FHFs, along with our still limited understanding of FHF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Goldfarb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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MacDonald ME, Abbott UK, Richman JM. Upper beak truncation in chicken embryos with the cleft primary palate mutation is due to an epithelial defect in the frontonasal mass. Dev Dyn 2005; 230:335-49. [PMID: 15162512 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the chicken mutant strain known as cleft primary palate (cpp) to study the mechanisms of beak outgrowth. cpp mutants have complete truncation of the upper beak with normal development of the lower beak. Based on structural analysis and grafts of facial prominences, we localized the defect to the frontonasal mass and its derivatives. Several explanations that would account for the outgrowth defect were investigated, including abnormal expression of genes in the frontonasal epithelium, intrinsic defects in epithelium and/or mesenchyme defects in epithelial-mesenchymal signalling, a localized decrease in cell proliferation or a localized increase in programmed cell death. One of the genes expressed in the frontonasal epithelial growth zone, Fgf8, failed to down-regulate and was maintained for at least 48 hr beyond the time when down-regulation normally occurs. Recombination experiments further illustrated that the frontonasal mass epithelium was abnormal in the cpp mutants, whereas mutant mesenchyme was capable of normal outgrowth when combined with wild-type epithelium. Cell proliferation was not decreased in mutant embryos nor was cell death initially increased. Later, at stages 31-32, when the prenasal cartilage begins directed outgrowth, there was an increase in cell death within the mutant upper but not lower beak cartilage. The cpp beak truncation, therefore, is due to an epithelial defect in the frontonasal mass that is coincident with a failure to down-regulate expression of Fgf8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E MacDonald
- Dalhousie University Medical School, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Olsen SK, Garbi M, Zampieri N, Eliseenkova AV, Ornitz DM, Goldfarb M, Mohammadi M. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factors share structural but not functional homology with FGFs. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:34226-36. [PMID: 12815063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) interact with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and the extracellular domains of FGF cell surface receptors (FGFRs) to trigger receptor activation and biological responses. FGF homologous factors (FHF1-FHF4; also known as FGF11-FGF14) are related to FGFs by substantial sequence homology, yet their only documented interactions are with an intracellular kinase scaffold protein, islet brain-2 (IB2) and with voltage-gated sodium channels. In this report, we show that recombinant FHFs can bind heparin with high affinity like classical FGFs yet fail to activate any of the seven principal FGFRs. Instead, we demonstrate that FHFs bind IB2 directly, furthering the contention that FHFs and FGFs elicit their biological effects by binding to different protein partners. To understand the molecular basis for this differential target binding specificity, we elucidated the crystal structure of FHF1b to 1.7-A resolution. The FHF1b core domain assumes a beta-trefoil fold consisting of 12 antiparallel beta strands (beta 1 through beta 12). The FHF1b beta-trefoil core is remarkably similar to that of classical FGFs and exhibits an FGF-characteristic heparin-binding surface as attested to by the number of bound sulfate ions. Using molecular modeling and structure-based mutational analysis, we identified two surface residues, Arg52 in the beta 4-beta 5 loop and Val95 in the beta 9 strand of FHF1b that are required for the interaction of FHF1b with IB2. These two residues are unique to FHFs, and mutations of the corresponding residues of FGF1 to Arg and Val diminish the capacity of FGF1 to activate FGFRs, suggesting that these two FHF residues contribute to the inability of FHFs to activate FGFRs. Hence, FHFs and FGFs bear striking structural similarity but have diverged to direct related surfaces toward interaction with distinct protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun K Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Abstract
Cell signaling plays a key role in the development of all multicellular organisms. Numerous studies have established the importance of Hedgehog signaling in a wide variety of regulatory functions during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Several reviews have discussed the signaling components in this pathway, their various interactions, and some of the general principles that govern Hedgehog signaling mechanisms. This review focuses on the developing systems themselves, providing a comprehensive survey of the role of Hedgehog signaling in each of these. We also discuss the increasing significance of Hedgehog signaling in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Karabagli H, Karabagli P, Ladher RK, Schoenwolf GC. Survey of fibroblast growth factor expression during chick organogenesis. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 2002; 268:1-6. [PMID: 12209559 DOI: 10.1002/ar.10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Members of the extensive fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play many key roles during embryonic development. In later development, during the course of organogenesis, these factors have been shown to direct distinct cellular pathways within the context of a particular organ system. To gain more insight into the processes that these factors may be controlling, we conducted a survey of the expression of known FGF family members in chick embryos at stages 18-25. We show the expression patterns of fgf-2, -3, -4, -8, -10, -12, -13, -14, and -18 in the head, trunk, limbs, heart, and tail of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Karabagli
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Goldfarb M. Signaling by fibroblast growth factors: the inside story. SCIENCE'S STKE : SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT 2001; 2001:pe37. [PMID: 11687709 PMCID: PMC3208904 DOI: 10.1126/stke.2001.106.pe37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide growth factors bind to the extracellular domains of cell surface receptors, triggering activation of receptor-intrinsic or receptor-associated protein kinases. Although this central thesis is widely accepted, one family of proteins, the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), have for more than a decade attracted a research "counterculture" looking for direct FGF actions inside cells. Goldfarb discusses how the search for alternative signaling pathways is moving mainstream with the help of two recent publications reporting specific intracellular targets for FGF and FGF-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goldfarb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Box 1020, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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