1
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Nikitjuka A, Ozola M, Krims-Davis K, Žalubovskis R. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluations of 3-Methylenechroman-2-one Derivatives as Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300504. [PMID: 38063319 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to design and synthesize 3-methylenechroman-2-one derivatives and test their potency as TrxR1 inhibitors. A convenient and easy-to-handle synthetic approach to 3-methylenechroman-2-ones was developed. The in vitro inhibitory activity towards recombinant TrxR1 was determined for the obtained compounds. The most potent representatives exhibited submicromolar TrxR1 inhibition activity (IC50 varied from 0.29 μM to 10.2 μM). Structure-activity relationship analysis indicates the beneficial role of the substituent at the position C-6 of the core of chroman-2-one, where the derivatives containing halogen are the most active among the scope of compounds obtained. The most potent TrxR1 inhibitor of the series was further examined in in vitro cell-based assays to assess cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines, and to evaluate their influence on cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nikitjuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Melita Ozola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, Konsula 21, 1007, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena iela 3, 1048, Riga, Latvia
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2
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Mechanochemical synthesis of six Cu(II) complexes with selected thiols, their physicochemical characterization and interaction with DNA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Liu Q, Du P, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Cai J, Zhang Z. Thioredoxin reductase 3 suppression promotes colitis and carcinogenesis via activating pyroptosis and necrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:106. [PMID: 35094204 PMCID: PMC11072778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Txnrd3 as selenoprotein plays key roles in antioxidant process and sperm maturation. Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are becoming significantly increasing disease worldwide in recent years which are proved relative to diet, especially selenium intake. METHODS In the present study, 8-week-old C57BL/6N male Txnrd3-/-, Txnrd3-/ + , Txnrd3 + / + mice, weight 25-30 g, were randomly chosen and each group with 30 mice. Feed 3.5% DSS drinking water and normal water continuously for 7 days. Mouse colon cancer cells (CT26) were cultured in vitro to establish Txnrd3 overexpressed/knocked-down model by cell transfection technology. Morphology and ultrastructure, calcium levels, ROS level, cell death were observed and detected in vivo and vitro. RESULTS In Txnrd3-/-mice, ulcerative colitis was more severe, the morphological and ultrastructural lesions were also more prominent compared with wild-type mice, accompanied by the significantly increased expression of NLRP3, Caspase1, RIPK3, and MLKL. Overexpression of Txnrd3 could lead to increased oxidative stress through intracellular calcium outflow-induced oxidative stress increase followed by necrosis and pyroptosis pathway activation and further inhibit the growth and proliferation of colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION Txnrd3 overexpression leads to intracellular calcium outflow and increased ROS, which eventually leads to necrosis and focal death of colon cancer cells, while causing Txnrd3-/- mice depth of the crypt deeper, weakened intestinal secretion and immune function and aggravate the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. The present study lays a foundation for the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis and colon carcinoma in clinic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Compensatory Protection of Thioredoxin-Deficient Cells from Etoposide-Induced Cell Death by Selenoprotein W via Interaction with 14-3-3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910338. [PMID: 34638679 PMCID: PMC8508763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is a 9.6 kDa protein containing selenocysteine (Sec, U) in a conserved Cys-X-X-Sec (CXXU) motif. Previously, we reported that SELENOW regulates various cellular processes by interacting with 14-3-3β at the U of the CXXU motif. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small protein that plays a key role in the cellular redox regulatory system. The CXXC motif of Trx is critical for redox regulation. Recently, an interaction between Trx1 and 14-3-3 has been predicted. However, the binding mechanism and its biological effects remain unknown. In this study, we found that Trx1 interacted with 14-3-3β at the Cys32 residue in the CXXC motif, and SELENOW and Trx1 were bound at Cys191 residue of 14-3-3β. In vitro binding assays showed that SELENOW and Trx1 competed for interaction with 14-3-3β. Compared to control cells, Trx1-deficient cells and SELENOW-deficient cells showed increased levels of both the subG1 population and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage by etoposide treatment. Moreover, Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 was reduced in Trx1-deficient cells and was recovered by overexpression of SELENOW. These results indicate that SELENOW can protect Trx1-deficient cells from etoposide-induced cell death through its interaction with 14-3-3β.
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5
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Abstract
The association of leishmaniasis and malignancies in human and animal models has been highlighted in recent years. The misdiagnosis of coexistence of leishmaniasis and cancer and the use of common drugs in the treatment of such diseases prompt us to further survey the molecular biology of Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The information regarding common expressed proteins, as possible therapeutic targets, in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells is scarce. Therefore, the current study reviews proteins, and investigates the regulation and functions of several key proteins in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The up- and down-regulations of such proteins were mostly related to survival, development, pathogenicity, metabolic pathways and vital signalling in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The presence of common expressed proteins in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells reveals valuable information regarding the possible shared mechanisms of pathogenicity and opportunities for therapeutic targeting in leishmaniasis and cancers in the future.
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6
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Yang J, Mu WW, Cao YX, Liu GY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of β-ionone oriented proapoptosis agents by enhancing the ROS generation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Qian J, Xu Z, Meng C, Liu J, Hsu PL, Li Y, Zhu W, Yang Y, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Design and synthesis of benzylidenecyclohexenones as TrxR inhibitors displaying high anticancer activity and inducing ROS, apoptosis, and autophagy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Wang C, Li S, Zhao J, Yang H, Yin F, Ding M, Luo J, Wang X, Kong L. Design and SAR of Withangulatin A Analogues that Act as Covalent TrxR Inhibitors through the Michael Addition Reaction Showing Potential in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11195-11214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Lu W, Han Y, Yang J, Jiang W, You X, Luo Y, Wen S, Hu Y, Huang P. Mitochondrial TXNRD3 confers drug resistance via redox-mediated mechanism and is a potential therapeutic target in vivo. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101652. [PMID: 32750669 PMCID: PMC7397405 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in ROS metabolism and redox signaling are often observed in cancer cells and play a significant role in tumor development and drug resistance. However, the mechanisms by which redox alterations impact cellular sensitivity to anticancer drugs remain elusive. Here we have identified the mitochondrial isoform of thioredoxin reductase 3 (mtTXNRD3), through RT-PCR microarray screen, as a key molecule that confers drug resistance to sorafenib and other clinical anticancer agents. High expression of mtTXNRD3 is detected in drug-resistant leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma cells associated with significant metabolic alterations manifested by low mitochondrial respiration and high glycolysis. Mechanistically, high mtTXNRD3 activity keeps the mitochondrial thioredoxin2 (Trx2) in a reduced stage that in turn stabilizes several key survival molecules including HK2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, and MCL-1, leading to increased cell survival and drug resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by auranofin effectively overcomes such drug resistance in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that targeting this redox mechanism may be a feasible strategy to treat drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported By National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yi Han
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weiye Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xin You
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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10
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Liu J, Wang H, Luo Q, Qiu S, He Z, Liu Z, Yang L, Liu X, Sun X. LingZhi oligopeptides amino acid sequence analysis and anticancer potency evaluation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8377-8384. [PMID: 35497845 PMCID: PMC9049989 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
LingZhi (Ganoderma lucidum) has been used as a therapeutic agent for decades, but the antitumor potency of LingZhi oligopeptides (LZOs) was not well explored. In current study, ten novel LZO amino acid sequences were identified, and anticancer potency was evaluated. We found that LZO-3 [EGHGF] significantly triggered A549 cell apoptosis via mitochondrial dysregulation, as evidenced by caspases activation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, Bcl-2/Bax ratio alteration, and cytochrome c release. Further, the down-regulation of Trx/TrxR reductase and the improvement of the MDM2/p53 state also contributed to the LZO-3-induced cell apoptosis. Notably, our findings provide evidence for the novel potency of LZOs, which could be developed as promising chemotherapeutic agents against lung cancer. The LingZhi (Ganoderma lucidum) has been used as a therapeutic agent for decades, but the antitumor potency of LingZhi oligopeptides (LZOs) was not well explored. In current study, ten novel LZOs were amino acid sequence identified and anticancer potency evaluated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86-0755-86671914 +86-0755-86671911
| | - Huailing Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86-0755-86671914 +86-0755-86671911
| | - Qiang Luo
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China +86-0755-86671905
| | - Shuqi Qiu
- Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen ENT Institute Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86-0755-86671914 +86-0755-86671911.,School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China +86-0755-86671905
| | - Liteng Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86-0755-86671914 +86-0755-86671911
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China +86-0755-86671905
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86-0755-86671914 +86-0755-86671911
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11
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Johnson A, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Heterobimetallic propargyl gold complexes with π-bound copper or silver with enhanced anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11736-11742. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic propargyl gold species in which copper or silver is bound to the triple bond were prepared. The bimetallic complexes had improved activities compared to the mononuclear gold complexes, suggesting a possible synergy between the two metal centres within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Johnson
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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12
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Zhu B, Ren C, Du K, Zhu H, Ai Y, Kang F, Luo Y, Liu W, Wang L, Xu Y, Jiang X, Zhang Y. Olean-28,13b-olide 2 plays a role in cisplatin-mediated apoptosis and reverses cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer through multiple signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113642. [PMID: 31541631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer, similar to other chronic diseases, occurs due to perturbations in multiple signaling pathways. Mono-targeted therapies are not ideal since they are not likely to be effective for the treatment and prevention of lung cancer, and are often associated with drug resistance. Therefore, the development of multi-targeted agents is required for novel lung cancer therapies. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR or TXNRD1) is a pivotal component of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Various types of tumor cells are able to overexpress TrxR/Trx proteins in order to maintain tumor survival, and this overexpression has been shown to be associated with clinical outcomes, including irradiation and drug resistance. Emerging evidence has indicated that oleanolic acid (OA) and its derivatives exhibit potent anticancer activity, and are able to overcome drug resistance in cancer cell lines. In the present study, it was demonstrated that a novel synthesized OA family compound, olean-28,13b-olide 2 (OLO-2), synergistically enhanced cisplatin (CDDP)-mediated apoptosis, led to the activation of caspase-3 and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced DNA damage, and inhibited the activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), AKT and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in human multidrug-resistant A549/CDDP lung adenocarcinoma cells. Subsequent analyses revealed that OLO-2 inhibited P-glycoprotein (P-gp or ABCB1) and TrxR by reducing their expression at the protein and mRNA levels, and by suppressing P-gp ATPase and TrxR activities. Further biological evaluation indicated that OLO-2 significantly reduced Trx and excision repair cross-complementary1 (ERCC1) protein expression and significantly inhibited the proliferation of drug-sensitive (A549) and multidrug-resistant (A549/CDDP) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but had no effect on non-tumor lung epithelial-like cells. In addition, the present study demonstrated, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that overexpressing or knocking down TrxR in NSCLC cells enhanced or attenuated, respectively, the resistance of NSCLC cells against CDDP, which indicated that TrxR plays an important role in CDDP resistance and functions as a protector of NSCLC against chemotherapeutic drugs. OLO-2 treatment also exhibited up to 4.6-fold selectivity against human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Taken together, the results of the present study shed light on the drug resistance-reversing effects of OLO-2 in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China.
| | - Ke Du
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Yong Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Fenghua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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13
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van Niekerk A, Chellan P, Mapolie SF. Heterometallic Multinuclear Complexes as Anti-Cancer Agents-An Overview of Recent Developments. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annick van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; Private bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; Private bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Selwyn F. Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; Private bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
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14
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Bai L, Zhang S, Zhou X, Li Y, Bai J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces thioredoxin-1 expression through TrkB/Akt/CREB pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Biochimie 2019; 160:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Onodera T, Momose I, Kawada M. Potential Anticancer Activity of Auranofin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:186-191. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Onodera
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| | - Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
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16
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Scalcon V, Tonolo F, Folda A, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Dimers of glutaredoxin 2 as mitochondrial redox sensors in selenite-induced oxidative stress. Metallomics 2019; 11:1241-1251. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Grx2 coordinates an iron–sulfur cluster, forming inactive dimers. In mitochondria, Grx2 monomerization, after oxidative stress, determines iron release triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Federica Tonolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze (CNR)
- Sezione di Padova
- c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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17
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Lord RM, Zegke M, Henderson IR, Pask CM, Shepherd HJ, McGowan PC. β-Ketoiminato Iridium(III) Organometallic Complexes: Selective Cytotoxicity towards Colorectal Cancer Cells HCT116 p53-/. Chemistry 2018; 25:495-500. [PMID: 30362193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This report presents a new library of organometallic iridium(III) compounds of the type [Cp*IrCl(L)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and L=a functionalized β-ketoiminato ligand) showing moderate to high cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines. All compounds show increased activity towards colorectal cancer, with preferential activity observed against the immortalized p53-null colorectal cell line, HCT116 p53-/-, with sensitivity factors (SF) up to 26.7. Additionally, the compounds have excellent selectivity for cancerous cells when tested against normal cell types, with selectivity ratios (SR) up to 35.6, contrary to that of cisplatin, which is neither selective nor specific for cancerous cells (SF=0.43 and SR=0.7-2.3). This work provides a preliminary understanding of the cytotoxicity of iridium compounds in the absence of p53 and has potential applications in treatment of cancers for which the p53 gene is absent or mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne M Lord
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Markus Zegke
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Present Addresses: Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Imogen R Henderson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christopher M Pask
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helena J Shepherd
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Present Addresses: School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Patrick C McGowan
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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Discovery of traditional Chinese medicine monomers and their synthetic intermediates, analogs or derivatives for battling P-gp-mediated multi-drug resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:381-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Kumar Y, Phaniendra A, Periyasamy L. Bixin Triggers Apoptosis of Human Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An Insight to Molecular and IN SILICO Approach. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:971-983. [PMID: 30204479 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1490445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and is known to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy. The use of herbal medicine and supplements has increased over recent decades following side effects and resistant to conventional chemotherapy. The seeds of Bixa orellana L. commonly known as annatto have recently gained scientific attention due to presence of a carotenoid bixin for its substantial anticancer properties. However, molecular mechanisms underlying bixin-induced apoptosis are still unclear. Treatment of bixin significantly decreased the number of Hep3B cells and morphological study revealed the change in cellular and nuclear morphology that trigger the events of apoptosis confirmed by annexin V/PI staining. Further DCFDA and rhodamine 123 spectrofluorimetry study showed elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), respectively. ROS production caused DNA damage and apoptosis was marked by cell cycle arrest, up-regulation of Bax and FasL protein as well as cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3 protein. Docking study with pro-apoptotic molecule Bax and surface Fas ligand exhibited energetically favourable binding interaction. Collectively, these results suggest that bixin capable of modulating the extrinsic and intrinsic molecules of apoptosis indicating its potential for development of promising candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India
| | - Alugoju Phaniendra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India
| | - Latha Periyasamy
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India
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20
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Kaminska KK, Bertrand HC, Tajima H, Stafford WC, Cheng Q, Chen W, Wells G, Arner ESJ, Chew EH. Indolin-2-one compounds targeting thioredoxin reductase as potential anticancer drug leads. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40233-40251. [PMID: 27244886 PMCID: PMC5130005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several compounds bearing the indolinone chemical scaffold are known to possess anticancer properties. For example, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is an arylideneindolin-2-one compound. The chemical versatility associated with structural modifications of indolinone compounds underlies the potential to discover additional derivatives possessing anticancer properties. Previously synthesized 3-(2-oxoethylidene)indolin-2-one compounds, also known as supercinnamaldehyde (SCA) compounds in reference to the parent compound 1 [1-methyl-3(2-oxopropylidene)indolin-2-one], bear a nitrogen-linked α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (Michael acceptor) moiety. Here we found that analogs bearing N-substituents, in particular compound 4 and 5 carrying an N-butyl and N-benzyl substituent, respectively, were strongly cytotoxic towards human HCT 116 colorectal and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. These compounds also displayed strong thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitory activity that was likely attributed to the electrophilicity of the Michael acceptor moiety. Their selectivity towards cellular TrxR inhibition over related antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was mediated through targeting of the selenocysteine (Sec) residue in the highly accessible C-terminal active site of TrxR. TrxR inhibition mediated by indolin-2-one compounds led to cellular Trx oxidation, increased oxidative stress and activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). These events also led to activation of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and cell death with apoptotic features of PARP cleavage and caspase 3 activation. In conclusion, these results suggest that indolin-2-one-based compounds specifically targeting TrxR may serve as novel drug leads for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila K Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Helene C Bertrand
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.,Current address: École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7203 LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hisashi Tajima
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - William C Stafford
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Elias S J Arner
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic of Singapore
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21
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Ng HL, Ma X, Chew EH, Chui WK. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Coupled Bioactive Scaffolds as Potential Anticancer Agents for Dual Targeting of Dihydrofolate Reductase and Thioredoxin Reductase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1734-1745. [PMID: 28177228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are involved in the process of tumor cell growth and survival. The 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine scaffold is well-established as a useful scaffold for DHFR inhibition, while chalcones have been reported to be inhibitors of TrxR. In this study, 15 novel compounds designed by the structural combination of the 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine and chalcone scaffolds via a diether linker were successfully synthesized and characterized. All of the compounds demonstrated dual inhibition against DHFR and TrxR when they were assessed by in vitro enzyme assays. The compounds also exhibited antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 and HCT116 cells. The more potent analogs 14 and 15 were found to inhibit cellular DHFR and TrxR activities in HCT116 cells. Therefore, this study provided compelling evidence that 14 and 15 could exert their anticancer property via multitarget inhibition at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wai-Keung Chui
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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22
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. Designing new iridium(iii) arene complexes of naphthoquinone derivatives as anticancer agents: a structure–activity relationship study. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2339-2349. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of iridium(iii) arene complexes of naphthoquinone derivatives have been synthesized and investigated for their suitability as potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
- Department of Chemistry
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23
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. Ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes of naphthoquinone derivatives as antitumor agents: A structure−activity relationship study. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Yuan Q, Wang Y, Zhao L, Liu R, Gao F, Gao L, Gao X. Peptide protected gold clusters: chemical synthesis and biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12095-104. [PMID: 27271005 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between atoms and nanoparticles, noble metal clusters with atomic precision continue to attract considerable attention due to their important applications in catalysis, energy transformation, biosensing and biomedicine. Greatly different to common chemical synthesis, a one-step biomimetic synthesis of peptide-conjugated metal clusters has been developed to meet the demand of emerging bioapplications. Under mild conditions, multifunctional peptides containing metal capturing, reactive and targeting groups are rationally designed and elaborately synthesized to fabricate atomically precise peptide protected metal clusters. Among them, peptide-protected Au Cs (peptide-Au Cs) possess a great deal of exceptional advantages such as nanometer dimensions, high photostability, good biocompatibility, accurate chemical formula and specific protein targeting capacity. In this review article, we focus on the recent advances in potential theranostic fields by introducing the rising progress of peptide-Au Cs for biological imaging, biological analysis and therapeutic applications. The interactions between Au Cs and biological systems as well as potential mechanisms are also our concerned theme. We expect that the rapidly growing interest in Au Cs-based theranostic applications will attract broader concerns across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Ng HL, Chen S, Chew EH, Chui WK. Applying the designed multiple ligands approach to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase and thioredoxin reductase for anti-proliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Ai Y, Zhu B, Ren C, Kang F, Li J, Huang Z, Lai Y, Peng S, Ding K, Tian J, Zhang Y. Discovery of New Monocarbonyl Ligustrazine-Curcumin Hybrids for Intervention of Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1747-60. [PMID: 26891099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of oxidative stress preferentially in cancer cells by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and/or enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has emerged as an effective strategy for selectively targeting cancer cells. In this study, we designed and synthesized 21 ligustrazine-curcumin hybrids (10a-u). Biological evaluation indicated that the most active compound 10d significantly inhibited the proliferation of drug-sensitive (A549, SPC-A-1, LTEP-G-2) and drug-resistant (A549/DDP) lung cancer cells but had little effect on nontumor lung epithelial-like cells (HBE). Furthermore, 10d suppressed the TrxR/Trx system and promoted intracellular ROS accumulation and cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally, 10d inhibited the NF-κB, AKT, and ERK signaling, P-gp-mediated efflux of rhodamine 123, P-gp ATPase activity, and P-gp expression in A549/DDP cells. Finally, 10d repressed the growth of implanted human drug-resistant lung cancer in mice. Together, 10d acts a novel TrxR inhibitor and may be a promising candidate for intervention of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410078, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410078, China
| | - Fenghua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University , Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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27
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Zhang J, Li Y, Duan D, Yao J, Gao K, Fang J. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by alantolactone prompts oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of HeLa cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 102:34-44. [PMID: 26686580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isoenzymes, TrxR1 in cytosol or nucleus, TrxR2 in mitochondria, and TrxR3 in testis, are essential seleno-flavoenzymes with a conserved penultimate selenocysteine (Sec) residue at the C-terminus, and have attracted increasing interests as potential targets for development of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. The sesquiterpene lactone alantolactone (ATL), an active component from the traditional folk medicine Inula helenium, has been documented possessing multiple pharmacological functions, especially the anticancer activity. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well defined. We reported that ATL inhibits both the recombinant TrxR and the enzyme in the cellular environment. The alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety in ATL and the Sec residue in TrxR are critical for targeting TrxR by ATL. By employing our newly developed pull down assay, we demonstrated the remarkable elevation of the oxidized thioredoxin in HeLa cells after ATL treatment. In addition, ATL elicits accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and eventually induces apoptosis of HeLa cells. Importantly, overexpression of the functional TrxR attenuates the cytotoxicity of ATL, while knockdown of the enzyme sensitizes the cells to ATL treatment. Targeting TrxR thus discloses a novel molecular mechanism underlying the cellular action of ATL, and sheds light in considering the usage of ATL as a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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28
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You BR, Park WH. Auranofin induces mesothelioma cell death through oxidative stress and GSH depletion. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:546-51. [PMID: 26530353 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor associated with asbestos exposure. Auranofin as an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) affects many biological processes such as inflammation and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the cellular effects of auranofin on patient-derived mesothelioma cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Basal TrxR1 levels have no difference between mesothelial cells and certain mesothelioma cells. In particular, ADA, CON and Hmeso mesothelioma cells showed lower levels of TrxR1 expression. Auranofin inhibited the proliferation of mesothelioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among mesothelioma cells were ADA and CON cells sensitive to auranofin. This agent also induced caspase-independent apoptosis and necrosis in ADA cells. In addition, auranofin increased ROS levels including O2(•-) and induced GSH depletion in mesothelioma cells. While N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented cell death and decreased ROS levels in auranofin-treated mesothelioma cells, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) intensified apoptosis and GSH depletion in these cells. In conclusion, auranofin induced mesothelioma cell death through oxidative stress and the death was regulated by the status of GSH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561‑180, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561‑180, Republic of Korea
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29
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Tsuchiya A, Kaku Y, Nakano T, Nishizaki T. Diarachidonoylphosphoethanolamine induces apoptosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells through a Trx/ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:160-8. [PMID: 26588871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2-Diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DAPE) induces both necrosis/necroptosis and apoptosis of NCI-H28 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells. The present study was conducted to understand the mechanism for DAPE-induced apoptosis of NCI-H28 cells. DAPE induced caspase-independent apoptosis of NCI-H28 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, and the effect of DAPE was prevented by antioxidants or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX). DAPE generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited activity of thioredoxin (Trx) reductase (TrxR). DAPE decreased an association of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) with thioredoxin (Trx), thereby releasing ASK1. DAPE activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which was inhibited by an antioxidant or knocking-down ASK1. In addition, DAPE-induced NCI-H28 cell death was also prevented by knocking-down ASK1. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that DAPE stimulates NOX-mediated ROS production and suppresses TrxR activity, resulting in the decrease of reduced Trx and the dissociation of ASK1 from a complex with Trx, allowing sequential activation of ASK1 and p38 MAPK, to induce apoptosis of NCI-H28 MPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tsuchiya
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kaku
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishizaki
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
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30
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Shelar SB, Kaminska KK, Reddy SA, Kumar D, Tan CT, Yu VC, Lu J, Holmgren A, Hagen T, Chew EH. Thioredoxin-dependent regulation of AIF-mediated DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:125-36. [PMID: 26119781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one major redox system in mammalian cells. One of its component, Trx, is involved in redox homeostasis and many cellular biological processes through participating in disulfide reduction, S-nitrosylation/S-denitrosylation reactions and protein-protein interactions. In this study, we report the identification of a novel interaction between cytosolic/nuclear Trx1 and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and the redox sensitivity and biological significance of the Trx-AIF interaction was characterized. Cytosolic Trx1 but not mitochondrial Trx2 was observed to interact with AIF under physiological conditions and Trx1's active site cysteines were crucial for the interaction. Under oxidative stress conditions, Trx-AIF interaction was disrupted. When the treated cells were allowed to recover from oxidative stress by means of removal of the oxidants, interaction between Trx1 and AIF was re-established time-dependently, which underpins the biological relevance of a Trx-dependent redox regulation of AIF-mediated cell death. Indeed, in times of oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of AIF was found to occur concurrently with perturbations to the Trx-AIF interaction. Once localized in the nucleus, reduced Trx1 hindered the interaction between AIF and DNA, thereby bringing about an attenuation of AIF-mediated DNA damage. In conclusion, characterization of the Trx-AIF interaction has led to an understanding of the effect of reduced Trx1 on possibly regulating AIF-dependent cell death through impeding AIF-mediated DNA damage. Importantly, identification of the novel interaction between Trx1 and AIF has provided opportunities to design and develop therapeutically relevant strategies that either promote or prevent this protein-protein interaction for the treatment of different disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Shelar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Kamila K Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Shridhivya A Reddy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), S138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chong-Teik Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Victor C Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Jun Lu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore.
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Dai F, Liu GY, Li Y, Yan WJ, Wang Q, Yang J, Lu DL, Ding DJ, Lin D, Zhou B. Insights into the importance for designing curcumin-inspired anticancer agents by a prooxidant strategy: The case of diarylpentanoids. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:127-37. [PMID: 25912482 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing anticancer agents by a prooxidant strategy has attracted increasing attention in recent years, although it is not conventional in medicinal chemistry and is completely opposite to antioxidant therapy. In this work, a panel of diarylpentanoids as the curcumin mono-carbonyl analogs were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxic and proapoptotic mechanisms against human lung cancer A549 cells were investigated at the frontiers of chemistry and biology. It was found that compared with curcumin, the compounds (A1, B1, and C1) bearing two ortho substituents on the aromatic rings, especially A1, exhibit significantly increased cytotoxic and proapoptotic activities through a Michael acceptor unit-dependent prooxidant-mediated mechanism. The prooxidative ability is governed not only by their electrophilicity but also by their geometry, cellular uptake and metabolic stability, and TrxR-inhibitory activity. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the compound A1 could effectively and irreversibly modify the TrxR by virtue of the above optimal biochemical parameters, and convert this antioxidant enzyme into a reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoter, resulting in a burst of the intracellular ROS including H2O2 and O2(-)•. The ROS generation is associated with falling apart in the redox buffering system, and subsequently induces increases in Ca(2+) influx and oxidative stress, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. This work highlights the feasibility in designing curcumin-inspired anticancer agents by a prooxidant strategy, and gives us useful information on how to design them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Guo-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - De-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Dong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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An D, Su J, Weber JK, Gao X, Zhou R, Li J. A Peptide-Coated Gold Nanocluster Exhibits Unique Behavior in Protein Activity Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8412-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyi An
- CAS Key Lab for
Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High
Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
- College of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Jiguo Su
- College of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Jeffrey K. Weber
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Lab for
Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High
Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
- Institute
of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jingyuan Li
- CAS Key Lab for
Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High
Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Lord RM, Hebden AJ, Pask CM, Henderson IR, Allison SJ, Shepherd SL, Phillips RM, McGowan PC. Hypoxia-Sensitive Metal β-Ketoiminato Complexes Showing Induced Single-Strand DNA Breaks and Cancer Cell Death by Apoptosis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4940-53. [PMID: 25906293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium and iridium complexes have been synthesized and characterized with 20 novel crystal structures discussed. The library of β-ketoiminato complexes has been shown to be active against MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma), HT-29 (human colon carcinoma), A2780 (human ovarian carcinoma), and A2780cis (cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma) cell lines, with selected complexes' being more than three times as active as cisplatin against the A2780cis cell line. Selected complexes were also tested against the noncancerous ARPE-19 (retinal pigment epithelial cells) cell line, in order to evaluate the complexes selectivity for cancer cells. Complexes have also been shown to be highly active under hypoxic conditions, with the activities of some complexes increasing with a decrease in O2 concentration. The enzyme thioredoxin reductase is overexpressed in cancer cells, and complexes reported herein have the advantage of inhibiting this enzyme, with IC50 values measured in the nanomolar range. The anticancer activity of these complexes was further investigated to determine whether activity is due to effects on cellular growth or cell survival. The complexes were found to induce significant levels of cancer cell death by apoptosis with levels induced correlating closely with activity in chemosensitivity studies. As a possible cause of cell death, the ability of the complexes to induce damage to cellular DNA was also assessed. The complexes failed to induce double-strand DNA breaks or DNA cross-linking but induced significant levels of single-strand DNA breaks, indicating a mechanism of action different from that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne M Lord
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Hebden
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Pask
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Imogen R Henderson
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Allison
- ‡Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L Shepherd
- §Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Roger M Phillips
- §Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick C McGowan
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzoselenazole-stilbene hybrids as multi-target-directed anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:220-9. [PMID: 25817772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel multi-target-directed drug candidates for the treatment of cancer, a series of benzoselenazole-stilbene hybrids were synthesised by combining the pharmacophores of resveratrol and ebselen. The biological assay indicated that all of the hybrids exhibited antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines and demonstrated good TrxR inhibitory activities. The mechanism of cell apoptosis was investigated in G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by compound 6e and the apoptosis of the human liver carcinoma Bel-7402 cell line. The significant increase in intracellular ROS confirmed that compound 6e was capable of causing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Our results support the potential of compound 6e as a candidate for further studies examining the development of novel drugs for cancer treatment.
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Zhang B, Duan D, Ge C, Yao J, Liu Y, Li X, Fang J. Synthesis of Xanthohumol Analogues and Discovery of Potent Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor as Potential Anticancer Agent. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1795-805. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5016507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunpo Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zhang D, Xu Z, Yuan J, Zhao YX, Qiao ZY, Gao YJ, Yu GA, Li J, Wang H. Synthesis and Molecular Recognition Studies on Small-Molecule Inhibitors for Thioredoxin Reductase. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8132-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5012098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhonghe Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory
for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute
of High Energy Physics, 19 B, Yuquan
Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ying-Xi Zhao
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Juan Gao
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory
for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute
of High Energy Physics, 19 B, Yuquan
Road, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
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Cunniff B, Snider GW, Fredette N, Stumpff J, Hondal RJ, Heintz NH. Resolution of oxidative stress by thioredoxin reductase: Cysteine versus selenocysteine. Redox Biol 2014; 2:475-84. [PMID: 24624337 PMCID: PMC3949094 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of thioredoxin (TRX), which in turn reduces mammalian typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (PRXs 1-4), thiol peroxidases implicated in redox homeostasis and cell signaling. Typical 2-Cys PRXs are inactivated by hyperoxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine to cysteine-sulfinic acid, and regenerated in a two-step process involving retro-reduction by sulfiredoxin (SRX) and reduction by TRX. Here transient exposure to menadione and glucose oxidase was used to examine the dynamics of oxidative inactivation and reactivation of PRXs in mouse C10 cells expressing various isoforms of TR, including wild type cytoplasmic TR1 (Sec-TR1) and mitochondrial TR2 (Sec-TR2) that encode selenocysteine, as well as mutants of TR1 and TR2 in which the selenocysteine codon was changed to encode cysteine (Cys-TR1 or Cys-TR2). In C10 cells endogenous TR activity was insensitive to levels of hydrogen peroxide that hyperoxidize PRXs. Expression of Sec-TR1 increased TR activity, reduced the basal cytoplasmic redox state, and increased the rate of reduction of a redox-responsive cytoplasmic GFP probe (roGFP), but did not influence either the rate of inactivation or the rate of retro-reduction of PRXs. In comparison to roGFP, which was reduced within minutes once oxidants were removed reduction of 2-Cys PRXs occurred over many hours. Expression of wild type Sec-TR1 or Sec-TR2, but not Cys-TR1 or TR2, increased the rate of reduction of PRXs and improved cell survival after menadione exposure. These results indicate that expression levels of TR do not reduce the severity of initial oxidative insults, but rather govern the rate of reduction of cellular factors required for cell viability. Because Sec-TR is completely insensitive to cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide, we suggest TR functions at the top of a redox pyramid that governs the oxidation state of peroxiredoxins and other protein factors, thereby dictating a hierarchy of phenotypic responses to oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gregg W. Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas Fredette
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Gan FF, Kaminska KK, Yang H, Liew CY, Leow PC, So CL, Tu LNL, Roy A, Yap CW, Kang TS, Chui WK, Chew EH. Identification of Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores with substituents that yield strong thioredoxin reductase inhibitory character correlated to antiproliferative activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1149-65. [PMID: 23311917 PMCID: PMC3786391 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in tumorigenesis has made it an attractive anticancer target. A systematic approach for development of novel compounds as TrxR inhibitors is currently lacking. Structurally diversified TrxR inhibitors share in common electrophilic propensities for the sulfhydryl groups, among which include the Michael reaction acceptors containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety. We aimed to identify features among structurally diversified Michael acceptor-based compounds that would yield a strong TrxR inhibitory character. RESULTS Structurally dissimilar Michael acceptor-based natural compounds such as isobutylamides, zerumbone, and shogaols (SGs) were found to possess a poor TrxR inhibitory activity, indicating that a sole Michael acceptor moiety was insufficient to produce TrxR inhibition. The 1,7-diphenyl-hept-3-en-5-one pharmacophore in 3-phenyl-3-SG, a novel SG analog that possessed comparable TrxR inhibitory and antiproliferative potencies as 6-SG, was modified to yield 1,5-diphenyl-pent-1-en-3-one (DPPen) and 1,3-diphenyl-pro-1-en-3-one (DPPro, also known as chalcone) pharmacophores. These Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores, when substituted with the hydroxyl and fluorine groups, gave rise to analogs displaying a TrxR inhibitory character positively correlated to their antiproliferative potencies. Lead analogs 2,2'-diOH-5,5'-diF-DPPen and 2-OH-5-F-DPPro yielded a half-maximal TrxR inhibitory concentration of 9.1 and 10.5 μM, respectively, after 1-h incubation with recombinant rat TrxR, with the C-terminal selenocysteine residue found to be targeted. INNOVATION Identification of Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores among diversified compounds demonstrates that a systematic approach to discover and develop Michael acceptor-based TrxR inhibitors is feasible. CONCLUSION A strong TrxR inhibitory character correlated to the antiproliferative potency is attributed to structural features that include an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety centered in a DPPen or DPPro pharmacophore bearing hydroxyl and fluorine substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Mundt F, Nilsonne G, Arslan S, Csürös K, Hillerdal G, Yildirim H, Metintas M, Dobra K, Hjerpe A. Hyaluronan and N-ERC/mesothelin as key biomarkers in a specific two-step model to predict pleural malignant mesothelioma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72030. [PMID: 23991032 PMCID: PMC3749097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is challenging. The first available diagnostic material is often an effusion and biochemical analysis of soluble markers may provide additional diagnostic information. This study aimed to establish a predictive model using biomarkers from pleural effusions, to allow early and accurate diagnosis. Patients and Methods Effusions were collected prospectively from 190 consecutive patients at a regional referral centre. Hyaluronan, N-ERC/mesothelin, C-ERC/mesothelin, osteopontin, syndecan-1, syndecan-2, and thioredoxin were measured using ELISA and HPLC. A predictive model was generated and validated using a second prospective set of 375 effusions collected consecutively at a different referral centre. Results Biochemical markers significantly associated with mesothelioma were hyaluronan (odds ratio, 95% CI: 8.82, 4.82–20.39), N-ERC/mesothelin (4.81, 3.19–7.93), CERC/mesothelin (3.58, 2.43–5.59) and syndecan-1 (1.34, 1.03–1.77). A two-step model using hyaluronan and N-ERC/mesothelin, and combining a threshold decision rule with logistic regression, yielded good discrimination with an area under the ROC curve of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–1.00) in the model generation dataset and 0.83 (0.74–0.91) in the validation dataset, respectively. Conclusions A two-step model using hyaluronan and N-ERC/mesothelin predicts mesothelioma with high specificity. This method can be performed on the first available effusion and could be a useful adjunct to the morphological diagnosis of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mundt
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Darai-Ramqvist E, Nilsonne G, Flores-Staino C, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Microenvironment-Dependent Phenotypic Changes in a SCID Mouse Model for Malignant Mesothelioma. Front Oncol 2013; 3:203. [PMID: 23951555 PMCID: PMC3739415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive, therapy-resistant tumor. Mesothelioma cells may assume an epithelioid or a sarcomatoid phenotype, and presence of sarcomatoid cells predicts poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated differentiation of mesothelioma cells in a xenograft model, where mesothelioma cells of both phenotypes were induced to form tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Methods: Xenografts were established and thoroughly characterized using a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of chromosome 3, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. Results: Epithelioid and sarcomatoid cells gave rise to xenografts of similar epithelioid morphology. While sarcomatoid-derived xenografts had higher growth rates, the morphology and expression of differentiation-related markers was similar between xenografts derived from both phenotypes. aCGH showed a convergent genotype for both xenografts, resembling the original aggressive sarcomatoid cell sub-line. Conclusion: Human mesothelioma xenografts from sarcomatoid and epithelioid phenotypes converged to a similar differentiation state, and genetic analyses suggested that clonal selection in the mouse microenvironment was a major contributing factor. This thoroughly characterized animal model can be used for further studies of molecular events underlying tumor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darai-Ramqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is an aggressive malignant tumor of mesothelial origin that shows a limited response to cytoreductive surgery along with intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Therefore, diagnosing DMPM early is very important. Reactive oxygen species play an important role in asbestos toxicity, which is associated with the pathogenesis of DMPM growth. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX) is a small redox-active protein that demonstrates antioxidative activity associated with tumor growth. Here, we investigated the serum levels of TRX in patients with DMPM and compared them with those of a population that had been exposed to asbestos but did not have DMPM. STUDY The serum concentrations of TRX were measured in 15 DMPM patients and 34 individuals with benign asbestos-related diseases. RESULTS We demonstrated that the patients with DMPM had significantly higher serum levels of TRX than the population that had been exposed to asbestos but did not have DMPM. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that serum TRX concentration is a useful serum marker for DMPM.
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Newick K, Cunniff B, Preston K, Held P, Arbiser J, Pass H, Mossman B, Shukla A, Heintz N. Peroxiredoxin 3 is a redox-dependent target of thiostrepton in malignant mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39404. [PMID: 22761781 PMCID: PMC3382597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiostrepton (TS) is a thiazole antibiotic that inhibits expression of FOXM1, an oncogenic transcription factor required for cell cycle progression and resistance to oncogene-induced oxidative stress. The mechanism of action of TS is unclear and strategies that enhance TS activity will improve its therapeutic potential. Analysis of human tumor specimens showed FOXM1 is broadly expressed in malignant mesothelioma (MM), an intractable tumor associated with asbestos exposure. The mechanism of action of TS was investigated in a cell culture model of human MM. As for other tumor cell types, TS inhibited expression of FOXM1 in MM cells in a dose-dependent manner. Suppression of FOXM1 expression and coincidental activation of ERK1/2 by TS were abrogated by pre-incubation of cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating its mechanism of action in MM cells is redox-dependent. Examination of the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase 2 (TR2)-thioredoxin 2 (TRX2)-peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) antioxidant network revealed that TS modifies the electrophoretic mobility of PRX3. Incubation of recombinant human PRX3 with TS in vitro also resulted in PRX3 with altered electrophoretic mobility. The cellular and recombinant species of modified PRX3 were resistant to dithiothreitol and SDS and suppressed by NAC, indicating that TS covalently adducts cysteine residues in PRX3. Reduction of endogenous mitochondrial TRX2 levels by the cationic triphenylmethane gentian violet (GV) promoted modification of PRX3 by TS and significantly enhanced its cytotoxic activity. Our results indicate TS covalently adducts PRX3, thereby disabling a major mitochondrial antioxidant network that counters chronic mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox-active compounds like GV that modify the TR2/TRX2 network may significantly enhance the efficacy of TS, thereby providing a combinatorial approach for exploiting redox-dependent perturbations in mitochondrial function as a therapeutic approach in mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Newick
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Erkhembayar S, Mollbrink A, Eriksson M, Larsen EH, Eriksson LC. Selenium homeostasis and induction of thioredoxin reductase during long term selenite supplementation in the rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:254-9. [PMID: 22033016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a candidate treatment for liver tumour prevention in chronic liver disease. In this study, we have studied selenium uptake, distribution and accumulation in rats provided with water containing tumour-preventive doses of sodium selenite for 10 weeks. Male Fischer 344 rats were given drinking water containing 1 μg/mL or 5 μg/mL sodium selenite. Selenium levels were monitored in serum and liver tissue over the 10-week period, and the kinetics of induction of the redox-active cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase were followed. Selenite exposure via drinking water caused a dose-dependent increase in blood and liver selenium levels, with plateaus at 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. These plateaus were reached at the same level of selenium regardless of dose, and no further accumulation was observed. A selenium-dependent increase in the activity of TrxR1 in parallel with the increase in liver selenium levels was also seen, and the induction of TrxR1 mRNA was seen only during the first three days of treatment, when the levels of selenium in the liver were increasing. Sodium selenite at 1 and 5 μg/mL did not affect body weight or relative liver mass. We concluded that long-term treatment with selenite did not cause accumulation of selenium and that the activity of TrxR1 in the liver rose with the selenium levels. We therefore suggest that sodium selenite at doses up to 5 μg/mL could be used for long-term tumour prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvd Erkhembayar
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Maeda R, Tabata C, Tabata R, Eguchi R, Fujimori Y, Nakano T. Is serum thioredoxin-1 a useful clinical marker for malignant pleural mesothelioma? Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:685-9. [PMID: 21375472 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an asbestos-related aggressive malignant tumor of mesothelial origin, shows limited response to therapy and overall survival remains very poor. Reactive oxygen species play an important role in asbestos toxicity. Here, we found that the patients with MPM had significantly higher serum levels of thioredoxin-1 (TRX) than control population. The patients with advanced-stage MPM showed higher levels of TRX than those with early-stage MPM. The difference in overall survival between the groups with lower and higher serum TRX levels was significant. Our data suggest that serum TRX concentration could be a useful clinical marker for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Maeda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Zhu X, Huang C, Peng B. Overexpression of thioredoxin system proteins predicts poor prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:609-14. [PMID: 21652258 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human thioredoxin (Trx) system plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, which has been widely investigated in several types of cancer because of its association with cell growth and anti-apoptosis progress. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of Trx and Trx reductase-1 (TrxR-1) and explore the potential role of these proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the protein expression levels of Trx and TrxR-1 in 65 TSCC tissue samples and 10 normal oral mucosa samples. The results were then evaluated semiquantitatively and compared to other clinicopathological variables. Both Trx and TrxR-1 expression levels were significantly higher in TSCC tissues as compared with the 10 normal oral mucous samples (P<0.01). A highly significant association between Trx and TrxR-1 expression in TSCCs was revealed (P=0.001), and the expression of Trx was correlated with tumour cell differentiation (P=0.001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that Trx expression and TNM stage were significantly related with 5-year survival rate (P=0.033, 0.000), while TrxR-1 expression was not associated with survival (P=0.092). The results indicated that high expression of Trx and TrxR-1 was associated with tumourigenesis in TSCC, and overexpression of Trx might predict poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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Prast-Nielsen S, Dexheimer TS, Schultz L, Stafford WC, Cheng Q, Xu J, Jadhav A, Arnér ESJ, Simeonov A. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase 1 by porphyrins and other small molecules identified by a high-throughput screening assay. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1114-23. [PMID: 21262347 PMCID: PMC3070820 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) has in recent years been identified as a promising anticancer drug target. A high-throughput assay for discovery of novel compounds targeting the enzyme is therefore warranted. Herein, we describe a single-enzyme, dual-purpose assay for simultaneous identification of inhibitors and substrates of TrxR1. Using this assay to screen the LOPAC¹²⁸⁰ compound collection we identified several known inhibitors of TrxR1, thus validating the assay, as well as several compounds hitherto unknown to target the enzyme. These included rottlerin (previously reported as a PKCδ inhibitor and mitochondrial uncoupler) and the heme precursor protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). We found that PpIX was a potent competitive inhibitor of TrxR1, with a K(i)=2.7 μM with regard to Trx1, and in the absence of Trx1 displayed time-dependent irreversible inhibition with an apparent second-order rate constant (k(inact)) of (0.73 ± 0.07) × 10⁻³ μM⁻¹ min⁻¹. Exogenously delivered PpIX was cytotoxic, inhibited A549 cell proliferation, and was found to also inhibit cellular TrxR activity. Hemin and the ferrochelatase inhibitor NMPP also inhibited TrxR1 and showed cytotoxicity, but less potently compared to PpIX. We conclude that rottlerin-induced cellular effects may involve targeting of TrxR1. The unexpected finding of PpIX as a TrxR1 inhibitor suggests that such inhibition may contribute to symptoms associated with conditions of abnormally high PpIX levels, such as reduced ferrochelatase activity seen in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Finally, additional inhibitors of TrxR1 may be discovered and further characterized based upon the new high-throughput TrxR1 assay presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Prast-Nielsen S, Cebula M, Pader I, Arnér ESJ. Noble metal targeting of thioredoxin reductase--covalent complexes with thioredoxin and thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa triggered by cisplatin. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1765-78. [PMID: 20851179 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au) are noble metals, two of which have established medical use. Pt has anticancer efficacy, predominantly as cisplatin, whereas the gold compound auranofin is used against arthritis. Both compounds inhibit the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), but Pd has not been studied in this regard. Using salts of Pd, Pt, and Au as well as cisplatin and auranofin we found that Pd and Au were strikingly more potent inhibitors of recombinant TrxR1 than Pt. The TrxR-related nonselenoprotein glutathione reductase in pure form (but less so in a cellular context), as well as cellular thioredoxin (Trx) activities, were inhibited by the gold salt KAuCl(4) but were little affected by auranofin or the other compounds. In an analysis of three cancer cell lines, the extent of inhibition of TrxR activity and decrease in cell viability depended upon the choice of both noble metal and ligand and also seemed independent of p53 status. During treatment of cells with cisplatin, covalent complexes of TrxR1 with either Trx1 or TRP14 (Trx-related protein of 14kDa) were formed, as verified by Western blot analyses and mass spectrometry. These results reveal that Au and Pd are strong inhibitors of TrxR, but Pt and cisplatin trigger highly specific cellular effects on the Trx system, including covalent cross-linking of TrxR1 with Trx1 and TRP14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Patenaude A, Fortin JS, Deschenes R, Côté MF, Lacroix J, C.-Gaudreault R, Petitclerc É. Chloroethyl urea derivatives block tumour growth and thioredoxin-1 nuclear translocation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:1102-14. [DOI: 10.1139/y10-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aryl chloroethyl ureas (CEUs) are new protein alkylating agents exhibiting anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. We report herein that 14C-labeled CEU derivatives, designated CEU-025 and CEU-027, covalently bind to thioredoxin-1 (TRX1). Covalent binding of these molecules slightly decreases the disulfide-reducing activity of recombinant TRX1, when compared with the effect of strong thioalkylating agents such as N-ethylmaleimide. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis and diamide competition assays demonstrated that TRX1 cysteinyl residues are not the prime targets of CEUs. CEU-025 abrogates the nuclear translocation of TRX1 in human cancer cells. In addition, we show that CEU-025 can block TRX1 nuclear translocation induced by cisplatin. Unexpectedly, pretreatment with sublethal CEU-025 concentrations that block TRX1 nuclear translocation protected the cells against cisplatin cytotoxicity. Overexpression of TRX1 in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells attenuated CEU-025 cytotoxicity, while its suppression using TRX1-specific siRNA increased the effects of CEU-025, suggesting that loss of function of TRX1 is involved, at least in part, in the cytotoxic activity of CEU-025. These results suggest that CEU-025 and CEU-027 exhibit anticancer activity through a novel, unique mechanism of action. The importance of TRX1 and the dependence of the cytotoxicity of CEU-025 and CEU-027 on TRX1 intracellular localization are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Patenaude
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Réna Deschenes
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Côté
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - René C.-Gaudreault
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Petitclerc
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire, Québec, QC, Canada
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Dunn LL, Buckle AM, Cooke JP, Ng MKC. The emerging role of the thioredoxin system in angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2089-98. [PMID: 20798378 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.209643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been a multitude of studies, the mechanisms of angiogenesis remain incompletely understood. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular redox homeostasis is an important regulator of angiogenesis. The thioredoxin (TRX) system functions as an endogenous antioxidant that can exert influence over endothelial cell function via modulation of cellular redox status. It has become apparent that the cytosolic TRX1 isoform participates in both canonical and novel angiogenic signaling pathways and may represent an avenue for therapeutic exploitation. Recent studies have further identified a role for the mitochondrial isoform TRX2 in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. TRX-interacting protein (TXNIP) is the endogenous inhibitor of TRX redox activity that has been implicated in growth factor-mediated angiogenesis. As TXNIP is strongly induced by glucose, this molecule could be of consequence to disordered angiogenesis manifest in diabetes mellitus. This review will focus on data implicating the TRX system in endothelial cell homeostasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Dunn
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Holmgren A, Lu J. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: current research with special reference to human disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:120-4. [PMID: 20494123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plus NADPH, comprising the thioredoxin system, has a large number of functions in DNA synthesis, defense against oxidative stress and apoptosis or redox signaling with reference to many diseases. All three isoenzymes of mammalian TrxR contain an essential selenocysteine residue, which is the target of several drugs in cancer treatment or mercury intoxication. The cytosolic Trx1 acting as the cells' protein disulfide reductase is itself reversibly redox regulated via three structural Cys residues. The evolution of mammalian Trx system compared to its prokaryotic counterparts may be an adaptation to the use of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in redox regulation and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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