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Gonçalves IV, Pinheiro-Rosa N, Torres L, Oliveira MDA, Rapozo Guimarães G, Leite CDS, Ortega JM, Lopes MTP, Faria AMC, Martins MLB, Felicori LF. Dynamic changes in B cell subpopulations in response to triple-negative breast cancer development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11576. [PMID: 38773133 PMCID: PMC11109097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite presenting a worse prognosis and being associated with highly aggressive tumors, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the higher frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which have been implicated in better overall survival and response to therapy. Though recent studies have reported the capacity of B lymphocytes to recognize overly-expressed normal proteins, and tumor-associated antigens, how tumor development potentially modifies B cell response is yet to be elucidated. Our findings reveal distinct effects of 4T1 and E0771 murine tumor development on B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Notably, we observe a significant expansion of total B cells and plasma cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (tDLNs) as early as 7 days after tumor challenge in both murine models, whereas changes in the spleen are less pronounced. Surprisingly, within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of both models, we detect distinct B cell subpopulations, but tumor development does not appear to cause major alterations in their frequency over time. Furthermore, our investigation into B cell regulatory phenotypes highlights that the B10 Breg phenotype remains unaffected in the evaluated tissues. Most importantly, we identified an increase in CD19 + LAG-3 + cells in tDLNs of both murine models. Interestingly, although CD19 + LAG-3 + cells represent a minor subset of total B cells (< 3%) in all evaluated tissues, most of these cells exhibit elevated expression of IgD, suggesting that LAG-3 may serve as an activation marker for B cells. Corroborating with these findings, we detected distinct cell cycle and proliferation genes alongside LAG-3 analyzing scRNA-Seq data from a cohort of TNBC patients. More importantly, our study suggests that the presence of LAG-3 B cells in breast tumors could be associated with a good prognosis, as patients with higher levels of LAG-3 B cell transcripts had a longer progression-free interval (PFI). This novel insight could pave the way for targeted therapies that harness the unique properties of LAG-3 + B cells, potentially offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes in TNBC. Further research is warranted to unravel the mechanistic pathways of these cells and to validate their prognostic value in larger, diverse patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Visconte Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Natália Pinheiro-Rosa
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lícia Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Almeida Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rapozo Guimarães
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Ministério da Saúde, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional - Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 1 Andar, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231050, Brasil
| | - Christiana da Silva Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Miriam Teresa Paz Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima Boroni Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Ministério da Saúde, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional - Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 1 Andar, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231050, Brasil
| | - Liza Figueiredo Felicori
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Köppen K, Fatykhova D, Holland G, Rauch J, Tappe D, Graff M, Rydzewski K, Hocke AC, Hippenstiel S, Heuner K. Ex vivo infection model for Francisella using human lung tissue. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1224356. [PMID: 37492528 PMCID: PMC10365108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1224356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tularemia is mainly caused by Francisella tularensis (Ft) subsp. tularensis (Ftt) and Ft subsp. holarctica (Ftt) in humans and in more than 200 animal species including rabbits and hares. Human clinical manifestations depend on the route of infection and range from flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia with a mortality rate up to 60% without treatment. So far, only 2D cell culture and animal models are used to study Francisella virulence, but the gained results are transferable to human infections only to a certain extent. Method In this study, we firstly established an ex vivo human lung tissue infection model using different Francisella strains: Ftt Life Vaccine Strain (LVS), Ftt LVS ΔiglC, Ftt human clinical isolate A-660 and a German environmental Francisella species strain W12-1067 (F-W12). Human lung tissue was used to determine the colony forming units and to detect infected cell types by using spectral immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Chemokine and cytokine levels were measured in culture supernatants. Results Only LVS and A-660 were able to grow within the human lung explants, whereas LVS ΔiglC and F-W12 did not replicate. Using human lung tissue, we observed a greater increase of bacterial load per explant for patient isolate A-660 compared to LVS, whereas a similar replication of both strains was observed in cell culture models with human macrophages. Alveolar macrophages were mainly infected in human lung tissue, but Ftt was also sporadically detected within white blood cells. Although Ftt replicated within lung tissue, an overall low induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed. A-660-infected lung explants secreted slightly less of IL-1β, MCP-1, IP-10 and IL-6 compared to Ftt LVS-infected explants, suggesting a more repressed immune response for patient isolate A-660. When LVS and A-660 were used for simultaneous co-infections, only the ex vivo model reflected the less virulent phenotype of LVS, as it was outcompeted by A-660. Conclusion We successfully implemented an ex vivo infection model using human lung tissue for Francisella. The model delivers considerable advantages and is able to discriminate virulent Francisella from less- or non-virulent strains and can be used to investigate the role of specific virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Köppen
- Working group “Cellular Interactions of Bacterial Pathogens”, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Holland
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, ZBS 4, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Rauch
- Research Group Zoonoses, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Research Group Zoonoses, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Graff
- Department for General and Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rydzewski
- Working group “Cellular Interactions of Bacterial Pathogens”, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Heuner
- Working group “Cellular Interactions of Bacterial Pathogens”, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Brook B, Schaltz-Buchholzer F, Ben-Othman R, Kollmann T, Amenyogbe N. A place for neutrophils in the beneficial pathogen-agnostic effects of the BCG vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:1534-1539. [PMID: 33863572 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The BCG vaccine has long been recognized for reducing the risk to suffer from infectious diseases unrelated to its target disease, tuberculosis. Evidence from human trials demonstrate substantial reductions in all-cause mortality, especially in the first week of life. Observational studies have identified an association between BCG vaccination and reduced risk of respiratory infectious disease and clinical malaria later in childhood. The mechanistic basis for these pathogen-agnostic benefits, also known as beneficial non-specific effects (NSE) of BCG have been attributed to trained immunity, or epigenetic reprogramming of hematopoietic cells that give rise to innate immune cells responding more efficiently to a broad range of pathogens. Furthermore, within trained immunity, the focus so far has been on enhanced monocyte function. However, polymorphonuclear cells, namely neutrophils, are not only major constituents of the hematopoietic compartment but functionally as well as numerically represent a prominent component of the immune system. The beneficial NSEs of the BCG vaccine on newborn sepsis was recently demonstrated to be driven by a BCG-mediated numeric increase of neutrophils (emergency granulopoiesis (EG)). And experimental evidence in animal models suggest that BCG can modulate neutrophil function as well. Together, these findings suggest that neutrophils are crucial to at least the immediate beneficial NSE of the BCG vaccine. Efforts to uncover the full gamut of mechanisms underpinning the broad beneficial effects of BCG should therefore include neutrophils at the forefront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Schaltz-Buchholzer
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tobias Kollmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Badawy MA, Yasseen BA, El-Messiery RM, Abdel-Rahman EA, Elkhodiry AA, Kamel AG, El-Sayed H, Shedra AM, Hamdy R, Zidan M, Al-Raawi D, Hammad M, Elsharkawy N, El Ansary M, Al-Halfawy A, Elhadad A, Hatem A, Abouelnaga S, Dugan LL, Ali SS. Neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress and albumin structural damage predict COVID-19-associated mortality. eLife 2021; 10:69417. [PMID: 34821549 PMCID: PMC8641949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the frontline antioxidant protein in blood with established anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation functions. Here, we report that COVID-19-induced oxidative stress inflicts structural damages to HSA and is linked with mortality outcome in critically ill patients. We recruited 39 patients who were followed up for a median of 12.5 days (1–35 days), among them 23 had died. Analyzing blood samples from patients and healthy individuals (n=11), we provide evidence that neutrophils are major sources of oxidative stress in blood and that hydrogen peroxide is highly accumulated in plasmas of non-survivors. We then analyzed electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin-labeled fatty acids (SLFAs) bound with HSA in whole blood of control, survivor, and non-survivor subjects (n=10–11). Non-survivors’ HSA showed dramatically reduced protein packing order parameter, faster SLFA correlational rotational time, and smaller S/W ratio (strong-binding/weak-binding sites within HSA), all reflecting remarkably fluid protein microenvironments. Following loading/unloading of 16-DSA, we show that the transport function of HSA may be impaired in severe patients. Stratified at the means, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that lower values of S/W ratio and accumulated H2O2 in plasma significantly predicted in-hospital mortality (S/W≤0.15, 81.8% (18/22) vs. S/W>0.15, 18.2% (4/22), p=0.023; plasma [H2O2]>8.6 μM, 65.2% (15/23) vs. 34.8% (8/23), p=0.043). When we combined these two parameters as the ratio ((S/W)/[H2O2]) to derive a risk score, the resultant risk score lower than the mean (<0.019) predicted mortality with high fidelity (95.5% (21/22) vs. 4.5% (1/22), log-rank χ2=12.1, p=4.9×10−4). The derived parameters may provide a surrogate marker to assess new candidates for COVID-19 treatments targeting HSA replacements and/or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basma A Yasseen
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riem M El-Messiery
- Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Aya A Elkhodiry
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza G Kamel
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hajar El-Sayed
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Shedra
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hamdy
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Zidan
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa Al-Raawi
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hammad
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla Elsharkawy
- Clinical pathology department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Ansary
- Department of Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Halfawy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elhadad
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Hatem
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Abouelnaga
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laura L Dugan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and VATennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, United States
| | - Sameh Saad Ali
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Lin AY, Wang DD, Li L, Lin PP. Identification and Comprehensive Co-Detection of Necrotic and Viable Aneuploid Cancer Cells in Peripheral Blood. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5108. [PMID: 34680256 PMCID: PMC8534250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploid circulating tumor cells (CTCs, CD31-) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs, CD31+) exhibit an active interplay in peripheral blood, and play an essential role in tumorigenesis, neoangiogenesis, disease progression, therapy-resistant minimal residual disease (MRD), cancer metastasis and relapse. Currently, most CTC detection techniques are restricted to the indistinguishable quantification of circulating rare cells, including both necrotic and viable cells in cancer patients. Clinically imperative demands to distinguish and detect live and/or dead non-hematological aneuploid cancer cells in peripheral blood, which will assist in the rapid evaluation of therapeutic effects, real-time monitoring of treatment resistance longitudinally developed along with therapy and the effective detection of post-therapeutic MRD, have not yet been achieved. The integrated subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH)-derived novel strategy was developed in this study, aiming to precisely identify and detect live and necrotic cancer cells (NC) enriched from carcinoma patients' biofluids. The innovative SE-iFISH (NC) provides a meaningful and practical approach to co-detect various viable and necrotic aneuploid CTCs and CTECs. The detected circulating rare cells can be characterized and categorized into diverse subtypes based upon cell viability, morphology, multiple tumor markers' expression, and the degree of aneuploidy relevant to both malignancy and therapeutic resistance. Each subtype of live or necrotic CTCs and CTECs possesses distinct utility in anti-cancer drug development, translational research, and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Ping Lin
- Cytelligen, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (A.Y.L.); (D.D.W.); (L.L.)
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Zeming KK, Lu R, Woo KL, Sun G, Quek KY, Cheow LF, Chen CH, Han J, Lim SL. Multiplexed Single-Cell Leukocyte Enzymatic Secretion Profiling from Whole Blood Reveals Patient-Specific Immune Signature. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4374-4382. [PMID: 33600165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic secretion of immune cells (leukocytes) plays a dominant role in host immune responses to a myriad of biological triggers, including infections, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Current tools to probe these leukocytes inadequately profile these vital biomarkers; the need for sample preprocessing steps of cell lysis, labeling, washing, and pipetting inevitably triggers the cells, changes its basal state, and dilutes the individual cell secretion in bulk assays. Using a fully integrated system for multiplexed profiling of native immune single-cell enzyme secretion from 50 μL of undiluted blood, we eliminate sample handling. With a total analysis time of 60 min, the integrated platform performs six tasks of leukocyte extraction, cell washing, fluorescent enzyme substrate mixing, single-cell droplet making, droplet incubation, and real-time readout for leukocyte secretion profiling of neutrophil elastase, granzyme B, and metalloproteinase. We calibrated the device, optimized the protocols, and tested the leukocyte secretion of acute heart failure (AHF) patients at admission and predischarge. This paper highlights the presence of single-cell enzymatic immune phenotypes independent of CD marker labeling, which could potentially elucidate the innate immune response states. We found that patients recovering from AHF showed a corresponding reduction in immune-cell enzymatic secretion levels and donor-specific enzymatic signatures were observed, which suggests patient-to-patient heterogeneous immune response. This platform presents opportunities to elucidate the complexities of the immune response from a single drop of blood and bridge the current technological, biological, and medical gap in understanding immune response and biological triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore
| | - Ri Lu
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
| | - Kai Lee Woo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Guoyun Sun
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
| | - Kai Yun Quek
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583 Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, YEUNG-B5121A, Hong Kong
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, #56-651, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shir Lynn Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597 Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
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Zeming KK, Vernekar R, Chua MT, Quek KY, Sutton G, Krüger T, Kuan WS, Han J. Label-Free Biophysical Markers from Whole Blood Microfluidic Immune Profiling Reveal Severe Immune Response Signatures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006123. [PMID: 33590620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease manifestation and severity from acute infections are often due to hyper-aggressive host immune responses which change within minutes. Current methods for early diagnosis of infections focus on detecting low abundance pathogens, which are time-consuming, of low sensitivity, and do not reflect the severity of the pathophysiology appropriately. The approach here focuses on profiling the rapidly changing host inflammatory response, which in its over-exuberant state, leads to sepsis and death. A 15-min label-free immune profiling assay from 20 µL of unprocessed blood using unconventional L and Inverse-L shaped pillars of deterministic lateral displacement microfluidic technology is developed. The hydrodynamic interactions of deformable immune cells enable simultaneous sorting and immune response profiling in whole blood. Preliminary clinical study of 85 donors in emergency department with a spectrum of immune response states from healthy to severe inflammatory response shows correlation with biophysical markers of immune cell size, deformability, distribution, and cell counts. The speed of patient stratification demonstrated here has promising impact in deployable point-of-care systems for acute infections triage, risk management, and resource allocation at emergency departments, where clinical manifestation of infection severity may not be clinically evident as compared to inpatients in the wards or intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) - Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Rohan Vernekar
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Mui Teng Chua
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, National University Centre for Oral Health, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Level 4, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Kai Yun Quek
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) - Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Greg Sutton
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timm Krüger
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, National University Centre for Oral Health, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Level 4, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) - Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-841, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Plank K, Dorn C, Krause SW. The effect of erythrocyte lysing reagents on enumeration of leukocyte subpopulations compared with a no-lyse-no-wash protocol. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:939-947. [PMID: 33580753 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standard protocols in flow cytometry (FCM) require lysis of erythrocytes, which may induce an unwanted loss of leukocytes as bystander effect. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the influence of 6 laboratory protocols using 4 different lysing reagents, FACS® Lysing Solution (FacsL), QUICKLYSIS® (QuickL), IOTest® 3 Lysing Solution (NH4Cl), VersaLyse® (VersaL), and VersaLyse® with added fixative (VersaFix) on the relative quantity of leukocyte subsets identified by CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD14, CD16, CD56, and CD45, applying a no-lyse-no-wash (NoL) protocol as reference. In addition, we compared the efficiency of red blood cell (RBC) lysis. RESULTS Peripheral blood samples from 52 individuals were analyzed. NoL was suitable as reference method, but led to less clear-cut gating of lymphocyte and monocyte populations due to a wider distribution of light scatter. Best completeness of RBC lysis with remaining erythrocytes below 10% was achieved using NH4Cl and VersaL. We observed a loss of 11% of monocytes after QuickL. Lymphocyte counts were 19% lower after FacsL. Cell subsets within the lymphocyte compartment were rather similar between the different methods with the exception of lower B-cell counts (-8%) and higher NK-cell counts (+11%) after FacsL. NH4Cl and VersaL were in good accordance with the NoL method and also with the mean values of all methods. CONCLUSION Our data show that the lysing reagents tested lead to specific deviations in the quantitation of leukocyte subsets and show different efficiency of erythrocyte lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Plank
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carla Dorn
- Medizinische Klinik 5, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan W Krause
- Medizinische Klinik 5, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Hardisty GR, Law SM, Carter S, Grogan B, Singh PK, McKone EF, Gray RD. Ivacaftor modifies cystic fibrosis neutrophil phenotype in subjects with R117H residual function CFTR mutations. Eur Respir J 2020; 57:13993003.02161-2020. [PMID: 32855222 PMCID: PMC7817919 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02161-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CFTR modulation leads to changes in neutrophil phenotype even in patients with residual function CFTR mutationshttps://bit.ly/2EUk7xH
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Hardisty
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sheonagh M Law
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzanne Carter
- St Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenda Grogan
- St Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Dept of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward F McKone
- St Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert D Gray
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Isolation of proliferating cells from whole blood using Human Transferrin Receptor in a two-stage separation system. Talanta 2019; 204:731-738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Pasha R, Halpenny M, Pineault N. Overcoming the deceptively low viability of CD45 + cells in thawed cord blood unit segments. Vox Sang 2019; 114:876-883. [PMID: 31625187 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is no standard methodology for post-thaw sample preparation for viability analysis of umbilical cord blood units (CBU). A common challenge faced by CB bank is for their product to meet the post-thaw cell viability threshold for CD45+ cells set at 40% by NetCord-FACT. The objective of this work was to improve the post-thaw staining method to maximize CD45+ cell viability so that clinically valuable samples meet the NetCord-FACT threshold criteria for CD45+ and CD34+ cell viabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of CBU buffy coats and CBU segments were thawed and taken for staining. Various parameters were evaluated on CD45+ and CD34+ cell viability as measured by 7-actinomycin D (7-AAD) staining. RESULTS The results revealed that initiating the staining at 20 min post-thaw instead of 30, shortening the red cell lysis treatment, or performing lysis on ice and removing this step all together, all improved the viability of CD45+ cells. Using CBU segments, it was shown that the most effective approach in increasing the viability of CD45+ cells was the complete omission of red cell lysis step. However, removal of the lysis step can create technical artefacts during flow cytometry acquisition that results in an underestimation of the viability of CD34+ cells. This can be avoided and CD34+ cell viability restored with additional thresholding on CD45 signal. CONCLUSION CB CD45+ cells are sensitive to red cell lysis treatment post-thaw; omission of this step provides the best viability and ultimately better reflects the quality of cells used for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Pasha
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Halpenny
- Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Kim B, Kim KH, Chang Y, Shin S, Shin EC, Choi S. One-Step Microfluidic Purification of White Blood Cells from Whole Blood for Immunophenotyping. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13230-13236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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13
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Gnyawali V, Strohm EM, Wang JZ, Tsai SSH, Kolios MC. Simultaneous acoustic and photoacoustic microfluidic flow cytometry for label-free analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1585. [PMID: 30733497 PMCID: PMC6367457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a label-free microfluidic acoustic flow cytometer (AFC) based on interleaved detection of ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic waves from individual cells and particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The AFC uses ultra-high frequency ultrasound, which has a center frequency of 375 MHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 4 μm, and a nanosecondpulsed laser, to detect individual cells. We validate the AFC by using it to count different color polystyrene microparticles and comparing the results to data from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We also identify and count red and white blood cells in a blood sample using the AFC, and observe an excellent agreement with results obtained from FACS. This new label-free, non-destructive technique enables rapid and multi-parametric studies of individual cells of a large heterogeneous population using parameters such as ultrasound backscatter, optical absorption, and physical properties, for cell counting and sizing in biomedical and diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Gnyawali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric M Strohm
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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14
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Ugele M, Weniger M, Stanzel M, Bassler M, Krause SW, Friedrich O, Hayden O, Richter L. Label-Free High-Throughput Leukemia Detection by Holographic Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800761. [PMID: 30581697 PMCID: PMC6299719 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Complete blood count and differentiation of leukocytes (DIFF) belong to the most frequently performed laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, a flow cytometry-based method for label-free DIFF of untouched leukocytes by digital holographic microscopy on the rich phase contrast of peripheral leukocyte images, using highly controlled 2D hydrodynamic focusing conditions is reported. Principal component analysis of morphological characteristics of the reconstructed images allows classification of nine leukocyte types, in addition to different types of leukemia and demonstrates disappearance of acute myeloid leukemia cells in remission. To exclude confounding effects, the classification strategy is tested by the analysis of 20 blinded clinical samples. Here, 70% of the specimens are correctly classified with further 20% classifications close to a correct diagnosis. Taken together, the findings indicate a broad clinical applicability of the cytometry method for automated and reagent-free diagnosis of hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ugele
- In‐Vitro DX and BioscienceDepartment of Strategy and InnovationSiemens Healthcare GmbHGünther‐Scharowsky‐Str. 191058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐NurembergPaul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus Weniger
- In‐Vitro DX and BioscienceDepartment of Strategy and InnovationSiemens Healthcare GmbHGünther‐Scharowsky‐Str. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Manfred Stanzel
- In‐Vitro DX and BioscienceDepartment of Strategy and InnovationSiemens Healthcare GmbHGünther‐Scharowsky‐Str. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Bassler
- Analysesysteme und SensorikFraunhofer IMMCarl‐Zeiss‐Str. 18‐2055129MainzGermany
| | - Stefan W. Krause
- Medizinische Klinik 5Hämatologie and Internistische OnkologieUlmenweg 1891054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐NurembergPaul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- In‐Vitro DX and BioscienceDepartment of Strategy and InnovationSiemens Healthcare GmbHGünther‐Scharowsky‐Str. 191058ErlangenGermany
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical ElectronicsDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTranslaTUMCampus Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichIsmaningerstr. 2281675MunichGermany
| | - Lukas Richter
- In‐Vitro DX and BioscienceDepartment of Strategy and InnovationSiemens Healthcare GmbHGünther‐Scharowsky‐Str. 191058ErlangenGermany
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15
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Guo Q, Grimmig T, Gonzalez G, Giobbie-Hurder A, Berg G, Carr N, Wilson BJ, Banerjee P, Ma J, Gold JS, Nandi B, Huang Q, Waaga-Gasser AM, Lian CG, Murphy GF, Frank MH, Gasser M, Frank NY. ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) promotes tumor cell invasiveness in human colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11166-11178. [PMID: 29789423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ABC member B5 (ABCB5) mediates multidrug resistance (MDR) in diverse malignancies and confers clinically relevant 5-fluorouracil resistance to CD133-expressing cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Because of its recently identified roles in normal stem cell maintenance, we hypothesized that ABCB5 might also serve MDR-independent functions in CRC. Here, in a prospective clinical study of 142 CRC patients, we found that ABCB5 mRNA transcripts previously reported not to be significantly expressed in healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells are significantly enriched in patient peripheral blood specimens compared with non-CRC controls and correlate with CRC disease progression. In human-to-mouse CRC tumor xenotransplantation models that exhibited circulating tumor mRNA, we observed that cancer-specific ABCB5 knockdown significantly reduced detection of these transcripts, suggesting that the knockdown inhibited tumor invasiveness. Mechanistically, this effect was associated with inhibition of expression and downstream signaling of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), a proinvasive molecule herein shown to be produced by ABCB5-positive CRC cells. Importantly, rescue of AXL expression in ABCB5-knockdown CRC tumor cells restored tumor-specific transcript detection in the peripheral blood of xenograft recipients, indicating that ABCB5 regulates CRC invasiveness, at least in part, by enhancing AXL signaling. Our results implicate ABCB5 as a critical determinant of CRC invasiveness and suggest that ABCB5 blockade might represent a strategy in CRC therapy, even independently of ABCB5's function as an MDR mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- From the Departments of Medicine.,the Division of Genetics.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tanja Grimmig
- the Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Gretchen Berg
- From the Departments of Medicine.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Brian J Wilson
- the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Pallavi Banerjee
- From the Departments of Medicine.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jie Ma
- the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | | | - Qin Huang
- Pathology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02132
| | | | | | - George F Murphy
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Markus H Frank
- the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Martin Gasser
- the Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- From the Departments of Medicine, .,the Division of Genetics.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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16
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de Ruiter K, van Staveren S, Hilvering B, Knol E, Vrisekoop N, Koenderman L, Yazdanbakhsh M. A field-applicable method for flow cytometric analysis of granulocyte activation: Cryopreservation of fixed granulocytes. Cytometry A 2018. [PMID: 29533506 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation granulocytes upregulate several adhesion molecules (CD11b) and granule proteins (CD35, CD66b) and shed surface l-selectin (CD62L). These changes in expression, as assessed by flow cytometry, can be used as markers for activation. Whereas these markers are usually studied in fresh blood samples, a new method is required when samples are collected at a field site with no direct access to a flow cytometer. Therefore, we developed and tested a field-applicable method in which fixed leukocytes were cryopreserved. Using this method, the intensity of granulocyte activation markers was compared to samples that were either stained fresh, or fixed prior to staining but not cryopreserved. In addition, the response to an in vitro stimulation with fMLF was determined. While we observed differences in marker intensities when comparing fresh and fixed granulocytes, similar intensities were found between fixed cells that had been cryopreserved and fixed cells that did not undergo cryopreservation. Although fixation using FACS lysing solution might lead to membrane permeabilization, activation markers, and the responsiveness to fMLF or eotaxin could still be clearly measured. This method will, therefore, enable future studies of granulocyte activation in settings with limited resources and will allow simultaneous analysis of samples collected at different time points. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Selma van Staveren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Hilvering
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Knol
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Tauzin L, Campos V, Tichet M. Cellular endogenous NAD(P)H fluorescence as a label-free method for the identification of erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Cytometry A 2018; 93:472-479. [PMID: 29480979 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reticulocytes and erythrocytes are the ultimate differentiated stages of erythropoiesis. In addition to being anucleate cells, they are characterized by the clearance of their mitochondrial pool or lack thereof. Given that for most research-oriented flow cytometry experiments erythrocytes and reticulocytes are often undesirable cell types, their identification and exclusion from analyses can be essential. Here, we describe a flow cytometric method based on cellular NAD(P)H-related autofluorescence, whose localization is mainly associated with mitochondria. By increasing the sensitivity of the specific NAD(P)H-fluorescence detector, we discovered a population with weak levels of NAD(P)H fluorescence signals whose immunophenotypical and physiological characterization in mouse bone marrow led to its identification as both erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Our method showed comparable sensitivity and specificity to the detection of red blood cells based on the absorption of light by oxyhemoglobin. This NAD(P)H-based approach consistently identified over 95% of the total pool of erythrocytes and reticulocytes in bone marrow samples and revealed robust as over 93% of these two erythropoietic subsets were identified in melanoma tumor samples with the same method. The measurement of cellular endogenous NAD(P)H fluorescence, therefore, offers a reliable and straightforward alternative to identify erythrocytes and reticulocytes without additional immunostaining or the need to modify the cytometer's optical configuration. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tauzin
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Tichet
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Petriz J, Bradford JA, Ward MD. No lyse no wash flow cytometry for maximizing minimal sample preparation. Methods 2018; 134-135:149-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Kuuliala K, Penttilä AK, Kaukonen KM, Mustonen H, Kuuliala A, Oiva J, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Pettilä V, Puolakkainen P, Kylänpää L, Repo H. Signalling Profiles of Blood Leucocytes in Sepsis and in Acute Pancreatitis in Relation to Disease Severity. Scand J Immunol 2017; 87:88-98. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - A. K. Penttilä
- Department of GI surgery; Abdominal Centre; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - K.-M. Kaukonen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Mustonen
- Department of GI surgery; Abdominal Centre; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - A. Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Oiva
- Department of Surgery; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - M. Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - E. Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - V. Pettilä
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - P. Puolakkainen
- Department of GI surgery; Abdominal Centre; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - L. Kylänpää
- Department of GI surgery; Abdominal Centre; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Repo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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20
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Stephanou C, Papasavva P, Zachariou M, Patsali P, Epitropou M, Ladas P, Al-Abdulla R, Christou S, Antoniou MN, Lederer CW, Kleanthous M. Suitability of small diagnostic peripheral-blood samples for cell-therapy studies. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:311-326. [PMID: 28088294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are key components of cell-based therapies for blood disorders and are thus the authentic substrate for related research. We propose that ubiquitous small-volume diagnostic samples represent a readily available and as yet untapped resource of primary patient-derived cells for cell- and gene-therapy studies. METHODS In the present study we compare isolation and storage methods for HSPCs from normal and thalassemic small-volume blood samples, considering genotype, density-gradient versus lysis-based cell isolation and cryostorage media with different serum contents. Downstream analyses include viability, recovery, differentiation in semi-solid media and performance in liquid cultures and viral transductions. RESULTS We demonstrate that HSPCs isolated either by ammonium-chloride potassium (ACK)-based lysis or by gradient isolation are suitable for functional analyses in clonogenic assays, high-level HSPC expansion and efficient lentiviral transduction. For cryostorage of cells, gradient isolation is superior to ACK lysis, and cryostorage in freezing media containing 50% fetal bovine serum demonstrated good results across all tested criteria. For assays on freshly isolated cells, ACK lysis performed similar to, and for thalassemic samples better than, gradient isolation, at a fraction of the cost and hands-on time. All isolation and storage methods show considerable variation within sample groups, but this is particularly acute for density gradient isolation of thalassemic samples. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the suitability of small-volume blood samples for storage and preclinical studies, opening up the research field of HSPC and gene therapy to any blood diagnostic laboratory with corresponding bioethics approval for experimental use of surplus material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralea Stephanou
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiota Papasavva
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Myria Zachariou
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Patsali
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Epitropou
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Ladas
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Soteroulla Christou
- Thalassaemia Centre, Ministry of Health, Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten W Lederer
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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21
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Subramani PA, Narasimha RV, Balasubramanian R, Narala VR, Ganesh MR, Michael RD. Cytotoxic effects of Aeromonas hydrophila culture supernatant on peripheral blood leukocytes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Possible presence of a secreted cytotoxic lectin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:604-611. [PMID: 27702674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Number of exotoxins like haemolysin, leukocidin, aerolysin etc. were reported from Aeromonas hydrophila. In this study, we report the haemolytic and cytotoxic effect of A. hydrophila culture supernatant (CS) that is specifically inhibited by lactose and also by serum and mucus of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Hence, we assume the presence of a secreted lectin in the CS. CS is toxic to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of O. niloticus as revealed by MTT assay and by flow cytometry. DNA laddering assay indicates that CS causes necrosis to PBL. As a result of necrosis, CS treated PBL showed increased production of reactive oxygen species as indicated by nitroblue tetrazolium and 2',7' -dichlorofluorescin diacetate assays. CS treated PBL showed reduced mRNA expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ genes. When CS was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it showed a single band corresponding to the molecular weight of 45 kDa. However, upon concentrating the CS by ultrafiltration, many bands were visualized. Further studies at molecular level are required to unravel this macromolecular-leukocyte interaction which would ultimately benefit the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology, and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, 600117, India
| | | | - Ramalakshmi Balasubramanian
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology, and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, 600117, India
| | | | - M R Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - R Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology, and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, 600117, India.
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Kim B, Choi YJ, Seo H, Shin EC, Choi S. Deterministic Migration-Based Separation of White Blood Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5159-5168. [PMID: 27490148 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional and phenotypic analyses of peripheral white blood cells provide useful clinical information. However, separation of white blood cells from peripheral blood requires a time-consuming, inconvenient process and thus analyses of separated white blood cells are limited in clinical settings. To overcome this limitation, a microfluidic separation platform is developed to enable deterministic migration of white blood cells, directing the cells into designated positions according to a ridge pattern. The platform uses slant ridge structures on the channel top to induce the deterministic migration, which allows efficient and high-throughput separation of white blood cells from unprocessed whole blood. The extent of the deterministic migration under various rheological conditions is explored, enabling highly efficient migration of white blood cells in whole blood and achieving high-throughput separation of the cells (processing 1 mL of whole blood less than 7 min). In the separated cell population, the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations is well preserved, and T cells secrete cytokines without any functional impairment. On the basis of the results, this microfluidic platform is a promising tool for the rapid enrichment of white blood cells, and it is useful for functional and phenotypic analyses of peripheral white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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A validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the selective analysis of free and total folate in plasma and red blood cells. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1398:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rathore DK, Nair D, Raza S, Saini S, Singh R, Kumar A, Tripathi R, Ramji S, Batra A, Aggarwal KC, Chellani HK, Arya S, Bhatla N, Paul VK, Aggarwal R, Agarwal N, Mehta U, Sopory S, Natchu UCM, Bhatnagar S, Bal V, Rath S, Wadhwa N. Underweight full-term Indian neonates show differences in umbilical cord blood leukocyte phenotype: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123589. [PMID: 25898362 PMCID: PMC4405369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While infections are a major cause of neonatal mortality in India even in full-term neonates, this is an especial problem in the large proportion (~20%) of neonates born underweight (or small-for-gestational-age; SGA). One potential contributory factor for this susceptibility is the possibility that immune system maturation may be affected along with intrauterine growth retardation. METHODS In order to examine the possibility that differences in immune status may underlie the susceptibility of SGA neonates to infections, we enumerated the frequencies and concentrations of 22 leukocyte subset populations as well as IgM and IgA levels in umbilical cord blood from full-term SGA neonates and compared them with values from normal-weight (or appropriate-for-gestational-age; AGA) full-term neonates. We eliminated most SGA-associated risk factors in the exclusion criteria so as to ensure that AGA-SGA differences, if any, would be more likely to be associated with the underweight status itself. RESULTS An analysis of 502 such samples, including 50 from SGA neonates, showed that SGA neonates have significantly fewer plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a higher myeloid DC (mDC) to pDC ratio, more natural killer (NK) cells, and higher IgM levels in cord blood in comparison with AGA neonates. Other differences were also observed such as tendencies to lower CD4:CD8 ratios and greater prominence of inflammatory monocytes, mDCs and neutrophils, but while some of them had substantial differences, they did not quite reach the standard level of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These differences in cellular lineages of the immune system possibly reflect stress responses in utero associated with growth restriction. Increased susceptibility to infections may thus be linked to complex immune system dysregulation rather than simply retarded immune system maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Rathore
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Deepa Nair
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Saimah Raza
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Savita Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Reeta Singh
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Reva Tripathi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddarth Ramji
- Department of Neonatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Batra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C. Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Harish K. Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sugandha Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K. Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Umesh Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shailaja Sopory
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Uma Chandra Mouli Natchu
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Vineeta Bal
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyajit Rath
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitya Wadhwa
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- * E-mail:
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Isolation of healthy individuals' and rheumatoid arthritis patients' peripheral blood neutrophils by the gelatin and Ficoll-Hypaque methods: Comparative efficiency and impact on the neutrophil oxidative metabolism and Fcγ receptor expression. J Immunol Methods 2014; 412:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pan Q, Ye L, Deng Z, Li L, Liu H. Effects of Red Blood Cell Lysing Solutions on the Detection of Peripheral Basophils of Healthy Normals and Sle Patients by Flow Cytometry. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2014; 35:368-77. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2014.899010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nupponen I, Kuuliala A, Siitonen S, Repo H, Kuuliala K. Cord Blood Monocytes, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes from Preterm and Full-Term Neonates Show Multiple Aberrations in Signalling Profiles Measured Using Phospho-Specific Whole-Blood Flow Cytometry. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:426-38. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Nupponen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Neonatology; Hospital for Children and Adolescents; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - A. Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Siitonen
- Laboratory Services (HUSLAB); Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Repo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Oiva J, Mustonen H, Kylänpää ML, Kuuliala K, Siitonen S, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, Repo H. Patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by organ dysfunction show abnormal peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte signaling. Pancreatology 2013; 13:118-24. [PMID: 23561969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) may contribute to development of organ dysfunction in acute pancreatitis (AP). We outlined aberrations in PMNL signaling profiles in patients with AP complicated by organ dysfunction and immune suppression. METHODS Study comprised 13 patients treated at intensive care unit due to severe AP complicated by vital organ dysfunction. Mean proportion (SEM) of HLA-DR-positive monocytes was 55.0% (4.1%). 13 healthy volunteers served as reference subjects. Phosphorylation of PMNL NFκB, p38, ERK1/2 and STAT3, -5 and -6 was determined using whole blood flow cytometry. Transmigration of PMNLs was studied using endothelial EA-HY cell monolayer. RESULTS Proportions of NFκB phosphorylation-positive PMNLs were lower in the patients' than in reference subjects' blood samples supplemented with tumor necrosis factor. p38 phosphorylation was normal while ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased. STAT3 was constitutively activated in five patients. Proportion of patients' pSTAT6-positive cells was normal while fluorescence intensity was decreased. STAT5 phosphorylation was normal. Transmigration of patients' PMNLs was increased. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AP complicated by organ dysfunction proportion of pNFκB-positive PMNLs is decreased. This impairs patients' defense mechanisms against infection. Despite immune suppression, PMNL transmigration was increased and p38 phosphorylation capacity was not depressed, which may contribute to end organ inflammation and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Oiva
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Han SI, Lee SM, Joo YD, Han KH. Lateral dielectrophoretic microseparators to measure the size distribution of blood cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3864-72. [PMID: 21964758 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20413k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lateral displacement of blood cells occurred when they were passed over a planar interdigitated electrode array placed at an angle to the direction of flow, and was determined to be a function of cell size. A simplified line charge model was used to estimate numerically the lateral displacement. Based on the size-specific lateral displacement, a lateral dielectrophoretic (DEP) microseparator was developed to measure the size distribution of blood cells using fluorescence microscopy. To determine whether the lateral DEP microseparator was useful, it was used to detect acute leukemia by measuring the size distribution of blood cells. The lateral DEP microseparator provided a practical method for continuously and simultaneously separating multi-cell populations by size from a heterogeneous cell population. In the future, sensitivity of the lateral DEP microseparator could be improved and it could be automated by integrating subsequent advanced detection technologies in a micro-format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Han
- Department of Nano Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, GyongNam, Republic of Korea
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Holmes D, Pettigrew D, Reccius CH, Gwyer JD, van Berkel C, Holloway J, Davies DE, Morgan H. Leukocyte analysis and differentiation using high speed microfluidic single cell impedance cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:2881-9. [PMID: 19789739 DOI: 10.1039/b910053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Miniature high speed label-free cell analysis systems have yet to be developed, but have the potential to deliver fast, inexpensive and simple full blood cell analysis systems that could be used routinely in clinical practice. We demonstrate a microfluidic single cell impedance cytometer that performs a white blood cell differential count. The device consists of a microfluidic chip with micro-electrodes that measure the impedance of single cells at two frequencies. Human blood, treated with saponin/formic acid to lyse erythrocytes, flows through the device and a complete blood count is performed in a few minutes. Verification of cell dielectric parameters was performed by simultaneously measuring fluorescence from CD antibody-conjugated cells. This enabled direct correlation of impedance signals from individual cells with phenotype. Tests with patient samples showed 95% correlation against commercial (optical/Coulter) blood analysis equipment, demonstrating the potential clinical utility of the impedance microcytometer for a point-of-care blood analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holmes
- School of Electronics and Computing Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Lecoq L, Vincent P, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Lavoie JP. Genomic and non-genomic effects of dexamethasone on equine peripheral blood neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 128:126-31. [PMID: 19036458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids have potent anti-inflammatory properties and are frequently used for the treatment of domestic animal species, including horses. They induce a down-regulation of multiple inflammatory pathways through both genomic and non-genomic effects. Currently, little is known on the effects of glucocorticoids on equine peripheral blood neutrophils. HYPOTHESIS Dexamethasone (DEX), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid, inhibits the functions of equine peripheral blood neutrophils through both genomic and non-genomic effects. ANIMALS Six healthy adult mixed breed female horses. METHODS To assess the genomic effects of DEX, peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated using a gradient technique and incubated 6 h with 100 ng/ml LPS and 10(-6) M DEX alone, or combined with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibitor RU486 (10(-5) M). Messenger RNA for IL-8, TNF-alpha and TLR-4 were measured using real-time RT-PCR. The non-genomic effects of DEX were studied in neutrophils incubated with 5 microM dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) and 10(-6) M DEX 5, 10 and 15 min prior to being stimulated with 5 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate. Neutrophils were similarly co-incubated with DEX (10(-6) M, 15 min) and RU486 (10(-5) M) to evaluate the contribution of the GR to these effects. The oxidation of DCF was studied using flow-cytometry. RESULTS Neutrophils stimulation with LPS resulted in a significant increase in IL-8, TNF-alpha and TLR-4 mRNA expressions (p<0.0001); incubation with DEX significantly down-regulated this process (p<0.0001). DEX significantly reduced oxidation of DCF after 10 and 15 min of incubation (p<0.0001). Those effects were mediated through the GRs. CONCLUSION DEX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on equine peripheral blood neutrophils through both genomic and non-genomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecoq
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
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Björnsson S, Wahlström S, Norström E, Bernevi I, O'Neill U, Johansson E, Runström H, Simonsson P. Total nucleated cell differential for blood and bone marrow using a single tube in a five-color flow cytometer. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2008; 74:91-103. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vakkila J, Nieminen U, Siitonen S, Turunen U, Halme L, Nuutinen H, Mustonen H, Puolakkainen P, Färkkilä M, Repo H. A novel modification of a flow cytometric assay of phosphorylated STAT1 in whole blood monocytes for immunomonitoring of patients on IFN alpha regimen. Scand J Immunol 2007; 67:95-102. [PMID: 18028288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We explored whether episodes stimulating leucocytes in vivo could be tracked from whole blood samples by monitoring activation of STAT1 by flow cytometry. The method was tested in hepatitis C patients (n = 9) that were on interferon (IFN)alpha regimen. CD14+ monocytes responded strongly to IFNalpha/gamma being sensitive indicators for recent immune activation. At 45 min after s.c. IFNalpha 91% of monocytes were phosphorylated STAT1+. The frequency of responding cells decreased to a base level within 6 h. Monocytes, however, had a long-term deficient phosphorylated STAT1 response to IFNalphain vitro that in patients on standard IFNalpha regimen lasted for 48 h. In patients on pegylated IFNalpha the phosphorylated STAT1 response was completely absent. We conclude that whole blood analysis of STAT1 activation by flow cytometry is applicable to monitor immune cells in patient material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vakkila
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pattanapanyasat K, Sukapirom K, Tachavanich K, Kaewmoon S. Flow cytometric quantitation of opsonophagocytosis and intracellular killing ofCandida albicans using a whole blood microassay. Cytometry A 2007; 71:1027-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sethu P, Anahtar M, Moldawer LL, Tompkins RG, Toner M. Continuous flow microfluidic device for rapid erythrocyte lysis. Anal Chem 2006; 76:6247-53. [PMID: 15516115 DOI: 10.1021/ac049429p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte isolation from whole blood to study inflammation requires the removal of contaminating erythrocytes. Leukocytes, however, are sensitive to prolonged exposure to hyper/hypoosmotic solutions, temperature changes, mechanical manipulation, and gradient centrifugation. Even though care is taken to minimize leukocyte activation and cell loss during erythrocyte lysis, it is often not possible to completely avoid it. Most procedures for removal of contaminating erythrocytes from leukocyte preparations are designed for bulk processing of blood, where the sample is manipulated for longer periods of time than necessary at the single-cell level. Ammonium chloride-mediated lysis is the most commonly used method to obtain enriched leukocyte populations but has been shown to cause some activation and selective loss of certain cell types. The leukocyte yield and subsequent activation status of residual leukocytes after NH(4)Cl-mediated lysis have been shown to depend on the time of exposure to the lysis buffer. We have developed a microfluidic lysis device that deals with erythrocyte removal at nearly the single-cell level. We can achieve complete lysis of erythrocytes and approximately 100% recovery of leukocytes where the cells are exposed to an isotonic lysis buffer for less than 40 s, after which the leukocytes are immediately returned to physiological conditions. Theoretically, this process can be made massively parallel to process several milliliterss of whole blood to obtain a pure leukocyte population in less than 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Sethu
- Surgical Services and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Greve B, Beller C, Cassens U, Sibrowski W, Göhde W. The Impact of Erythrocyte Lysing Procedures on the Recovery of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Flow Cytometric Analysis. Stem Cells 2006; 24:793-9. [PMID: 16210405 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since preanalytic lysing of erythrocytes remains critical in flow cytometry, we investigated the influence of four lysing procedures on the quantification of leukocyte and CD34+ cells in hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs). Samples were derived from stem cell-enriched mobilized whole blood collected by apheresis (unselected) and immunologically purified stem cell products (selected) and were measured using the dual-platform (2-PF) method with two flow cytometric systems. Additionally, cells were measured by a volume-based technique (single platform [1-PF]). Results were identical in the 2-PF mode (unselected HCTs, r = 0.998; selected HCTs, r = 0.999). In comparison with the 2-PF results, the single-platform (1-PF) measurements revealed a mean decrease of 59.5% for CD34+ cells (50.8% for CD45+ cells) in unselected HCTs and a mean decrease of 52% for CD34+ cells (49.8% for CD45+ cells) in selected HCTs. In order to check the accuracy of cell quantification using the 1-PF method, leukocyte reference values from hematology counter results were compared with flow cytometric (1-PF)-counted nucleated cells. That analysis revealed good congruency, with r = 0.998 for unselected HCTs and r = 0.999 for selected HCTs. In conclusion, all lysing procedures that we used induced substantial loss of leukocytes and CD34+ cells. As demonstrated by the high accuracy of the 1-PF technique, all erythrocyte lysing procedures caused significant cell loss, which led to inconsistent counting of CD34+ cells in nonvolumetric flow cytometric (2-PF) protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiobiology, University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch Strasse 43, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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The culture duration affects the immunomodulatory and anticancer effect of polysaccharopeptide derived from Coriolus versicolor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lunardi F, Lima JHC, Assreuy J. Comparative study of respiratory burst induced by phorbol ester and zymosan in human granulocytes. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:78-85. [PMID: 16300750 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have comparatively evaluated respiratory burst and some steps of its signaling in human granulocytes towards different stimuli. MATERIALS AND METHODS An alternative method to remove erythrocytes by dextran differential sedimentation was employed. Respiratory burst (RB) was assessed in a flow cytometer by the oxidation of a fluorescent probe (dichlorodihydrofluorescein). Stimuli were phorbol ester (PMA) and zymosan. RESULTS Granulocytes obtained with dextran sedimentation mounted a normal RB for the two stimuli but cells obtained by erythrocyte lysis were ineffective to respond to zymosan (P < 0.05). EGTA did not affect PMA-induced, but inhibited zymosan-induced RB (P < 0.05). PMA-induced RB was blocked by a protein kinase C inhibitor (P < 0.05), whereas zymosan was not. Microfilament integrity was essential for zymosan but not for PMA, whereas microtubule depolymerization does not seem to be essential for both stimuli. Granulocytes obtained from recently diagnosed leukemia patients responded relatively well to both stimuli but after chemotherapy, the response to zymosan was increased whereas cells were unable to respond to PMA. CONCLUSION The use of the proposed method allows the study of both RB and phagocytosis, making it useful to study these granulocyte responses in the clinical and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Lunardi
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biological Sciences, UFSC, Brazil
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Elghetany MT, Davis BH. Impact of preanalytical variables on granulocytic surface antigen expression: a review. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2005; 65:1-5. [PMID: 15800882 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a gradual but steady increase in the use of granulocytic surface marker studies to diagnose several inherited and acquired blood and bone marrow disorders. Diagnosis and follow-up of patients with inflammation and infection are other areas of quantitative flow cytometric application. Despite the increased use of flow cytometry to study granulocytes, there seems to be no well-established standards regarding specimen handling for these studies. METHODS This review summarizes the effect of preanalytical variables on granulocytic surface markers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Storing specimens in sodium heparin at room temperature for up to 72 h seems satisfactory. Other anticoagulants, although acceptable, may have a shorter storage time. Storage time could be prolonged further with the use of some preservation media. Lysed whole blood is the preferred technique. Techniques should avoid major temperature change and excessive manipulation and should maintain storage and methodologic temperature with minimal fluctuation. Fixation before staining with the antibody may result in decreased expression of some surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tarek Elghetany
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0743, USA.
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Brickson S, Ji LL, Schell K, Olabisi R, St Pierre Schneider B, Best TM. M1/70 attenuates blood-borne neutrophil oxidants, activation, and myofiber damage following stretch injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:969-76. [PMID: 12730143 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00005.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the CD11b-dependent respiratory burst in neutrophil oxidant generation and activation, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production, and myofiber damage after muscle stretch injury by using the monoclonal antibody M1/70 to block this pathway. Twelve male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to a treatment group: M1/70 (n = 6), IgG isotype control (n = 3), or saline control (n = 3). After intravenous injection of the assigned agent under gas anesthesia, a standardized single-stretch injury was created in the right tibialis anterior, whereas the left tibialis anterior underwent a sham surgery. Blood-borne neutrophil oxidant generation and CD11b receptor density and plasma IL-8 levels were measured pre- and 24 h postinjury. Damage was assessed histologically at the hematoma site by counting torn myofibers. M1/70 group demonstrated decreased blood-borne neutrophil oxidant generation (P < 0.05) and CD11b receptor density (P < 0.05), an increase in plasma IL-8 concentration (P < 0.01), and less torn myofibers (P < 0.01) compared with IgG isotype or saline control groups. These data indicate that 1). CD11b-dependent respiratory burst is a major source of oxidants produced by the neutrophil, and that treatment with M1/70 2). attenuates neutrophil activation status, 3). increases plasma IL-8 concentration, and 4). minimizes myofiber damage 24 h postmuscle stretch injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brickson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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41
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Greve B, Beller C, Cassens U, Sibrowski W, Severin E, Göhde W. High-grade loss of leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells caused by erythrocyte-lysing procedures for flow cytometric analyses. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2003; 12:321-30. [PMID: 12857373 DOI: 10.1089/152581603322023052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
All current-flow cytometric techniques use erythrocyte-lysing procedures before leukocyte analysis. We investigated the impact of four lysing procedures with different flow cytometric techniques on the loss of leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells in blood samples. A total of 280 determinations out of 10 samples were measured by two flow cytometers (FCMs), using a FACS-Calibur (Becton Dickinson) and a particle-analyzing system (PAS) with a "true volumetric unit" (Partec). All samples were prepared with four different commercially available erythrocyte-lysing reagents (n = 10, respectively). CD34(+) cells were determined in relation to counted leukocytes with both FCMs (dual platform determinations, 2-PF). In addition, further immunologic and nuclear staining determinations of cells with and without erythrocyte-lysing procedures were performed in the "true volumetric unit" (single platform mode 1-PF) using the PAS system (n = 10, respectively). In the 2-PF mode, both systems showed identical results for CD34(+) cells (r = 0.997). The comparison of 1-PF and 2-PF modes with immunologic stainings revealed a mean decrease of 34.5% for absolute amounts of CD45(+) cells [in detail: Becton-Dickinson (BD) lysis 40%; Ortho Diagnostics (OD) lysis 31%; Uti lyse (UL) 38%; Cylyse (CL) 29%] and of 41.3% for absolute concentration of CD34(+) cells [in detail: BD lysis 45%; OD lysis 40%; UL lysis 45%; CL lysis 34%] by the lysing procedures. In contrast, the nuclear stainings revealed a mean leukocyte loss of only 5% for the nonlysed samples and of 12% for lysed samples. All investigated lysing procedures induced a large loss of leukocytes and progenitor cells, obviously due to cell membrane destruction as demonstrated for identical samples in the 1-PF and 2-PF modes by immunologic and nuclear staining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiobiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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42
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Winters KRH, Meyer E, Van Merris VM, Van Den Broeck WLM, Duchateau L, Burvenich C. Sex steroid hormones do not influence the oxidative burst activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from ovariectomized cows in vitro. Steroids 2003; 68:397-406. [PMID: 12798490 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(03)00040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the periparturient period, dairy cows are subjected to physiological changes that may induce immunosuppression and an increased susceptibility of the animal to bacterial infections such as mastitis. The incidence of clinical environmental mastitis is high during the last period of gestation, at parturition and during the first month of lactation, suggesting a potential influence of sex steroid hormones. Efficient functioning of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is necessary during the early phase of infection to clear the mammary gland from invading pathogens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sex steroid hormones on the oxidative burst activity of isolated PMN from ovariectomized cows. Ovariectomy was performed to minimize the interference of endogenous estrogen and progesterone levels, which are known to vary extensively during the estrus cycle. Isolated PMN were incubated with different concentrations of 17beta-estradiol, estrone or progesterone. A flow cytometric technique was used to quantify the oxidation of intracellular 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin by the oxidative burst system of PMN following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. Staurosporine was used as a positive control for our in vitro model. No statistically significant changes in PMN oxidative burst activity were observed at physiological or pharmacological levels of the three sex steroid hormones. A large variation existed in the oxidative burst activity among cows. In an additional experiment, the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and of progesterone receptor in PMN was evaluated immunohistochemically. No specific staining was detected for both receptors in isolated PMN following incubation with different concentrations of sex steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R H Winters
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Research Center, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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43
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Liu CY, Takemasa A, Liles WC, Goodman RB, Jonas M, Rosen H, Chi E, Winn RK, Harlan JM, Chuang PI. Broad-spectrum caspase inhibition paradoxically augments cell death in TNF-alpha -stimulated neutrophils. Blood 2003; 101:295-304. [PMID: 12393619 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that there are caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms for the execution of cell death and that the utilization of these mechanisms is stimulus- and cell type-dependent. Intriguingly, broad-spectrum caspase inhibition enhances death receptor agonist-induced cell death in a few transformed cell lines. Endogenously produced oxidants are causally linked to necroticlike cell death in these instances. We report here that broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors effectively attenuated apoptosis induced in human neutrophils by incubation with agonistic anti-Fas antibody or by coincubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cycloheximide ex vivo. In contrast, the same caspase inhibitors could augment cell death upon stimulation by TNF-alpha alone during the 6-hour time course examined. Caspase inhibitor-sensitized, TNF-alpha-stimulated, dying neutrophils exhibit apoptoticlike and necroticlike features. This occurred without apparent alteration in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Nevertheless, intracellular oxidant production was enhanced and sustained in caspase inhibitor-sensitized, TNF-alpha-stimulated neutrophils obtained from healthy subjects. However, despite reduced or absent intracellular oxidant production following TNF-alpha stimulation, cell death was also augmented in neutrophils isolated from patients with chronic granulomatous disease incubated with a caspase inhibitor and TNF-alpha. These results demonstrate that, in human neutrophils, TNF-alpha induces a caspase-independent but protein synthesis-dependent cell death signal. Furthermore, they suggest that TNF-alpha activates a caspase-dependent pathway that negatively regulates reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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