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Mehrzadeh M, Ziayeezadeh F, Pasdaran A, Kozuharova E, Goyal R, Hamedi A. A Review of the Ethnobotany, Biological Activity, and Phytochemistry of the Plants in the Gundelia Genus. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301932. [PMID: 38294082 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog, and Google Scholar from January 1980 up until October 2023 on plants in the Gundelia genus. Gundelia L. (Asteraceae) has been treated as a monospecific genus with Gundelia tournefortii L. (1753: 814) in most recent floras with wide variation in corolla color, but nowadays, the genus consists of 17 species. The unripe inflorescences of these species, especially G. tournefortii L., are consumed in many ways. 'Akkoub' or 'akko' in Arabic, "Kangar" in Persian, and "Silifa" in Greek are the common names of G. tournefortii L., also known as tumble thistle in English. They have been used in traditional medicine to treat bronchitis, kidney stones, diarrhea, stomach pain, inflammation, liver and blood diseases, bacterial and fungal infections, and mumps. Based on recent studies, their extracts have exhibited hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Moreover, a variety of phytochemicals, including terpenoids, sterols, and fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals, have been identified in this genus. This study reviewed the ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities of the plants in the Gundelia genus as functional foods and herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Mehrzadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ziayeezadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Kozuharova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan HP, India
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ponphaiboon J, Krongrawa W, Aung WW, Chinatangkul N, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. Advances in Natural Product Extraction Techniques, Electrospun Fiber Fabrication, and the Integration of Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5163. [PMID: 37446825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the growing interest in the techniques employed for extracting natural products. It emphasizes the limitations of conventional extraction methods and introduces superior non-conventional alternatives, particularly ultrasound-assisted extraction. Characterization and quantification of bioactive constituents through chromatography coupled with spectroscopy are recommended, while the importance of method development and validation for biomarker quantification is underscored. At present, electrospun fibers provide a versatile platform for incorporating bioactive extracts and have extensive potential in diverse fields due to their unique structural and functional characteristics. Thus, the review also highlights the fabrication of electrospun fibers containing bioactive extracts. The preparation of biologically active extracts under optimal conditions, including the selection of safe solvents and cost-effective equipment, holds promising potential in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Integration of experimental design into extraction procedures and formulation development is essential for the efficient production of health products. The review explores potential applications of encapsulating natural product extracts in electrospun fibers, such as wound healing, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant properties, while acknowledging the need for further exploration and optimization in this field. The findings discussed in this review are anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for the processing industry, enabling the utilization of affordable and environmentally friendly, natural, and raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthaporn Ponphaiboon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wantanwa Krongrawa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Nawinda Chinatangkul
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok 10160, Thailand
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Nanjala C, Ren J, Mutie FM, Waswa EN, Mutinda ES, Odago WO, Mutungi MM, Hu GW. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and conservation of the genus Calanthe R. Br. (Orchidaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114822. [PMID: 34774685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Genus Calanthe (family Orchidaceae) consists of more than 207 species distributed in both tropical and subtropical regions. In traditional medicine, Calanthe species provide remedies against various conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, traumatic injuries, snake-bites, abdominal discomfort, nose bleeding, common colds, ulcers, chronic coughs, and others. Some species are also used as aphrodisiacs, tonics, and as pain relievers on joints and toothaches. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review provides comprehensive information on the herbal uses, chemical components, pharmacological activities, and conservation of Calanthe, which might be useful in the future development of potent herbal medicines and facilitate the enactment of better conservation strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information was obtained from online databases including SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, IOP Science, and other web sources such as PubChem, The Plant List, and World Flora Online. Books, Ph.D. and MSc dissertations were used for unpublished literature. Information from Chinese literature was obtained from the CNKI database. RESULTS In total, 19 species of the genus Calanthe have been reported to be used in traditional medicine in different countries of Asia. A total of 265 chemical compounds from different chemical classes including, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and phenolic derivatives, phenanthrenes, and others, have been identified from Calanthe species. Calanquinone A isolated from C. arisanensis has been reported to exhibit antitumor activity against six malignant cell lines. Other bioactive compounds from Calanthe with pharmacological activity include phenanthrenes, phenanthrenequinones, 6'-O-β-D-apiofuranosylindican, 4H-Pyran-4one, 2, 3-dihydro-3,5 dihydroxy-6-methyl, and calanthoside. These compounds exhibit valuable biological properties such as hair restoration, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potency, antiplatelet aggregation action, and antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some Calanthe species, including C. ecallosa and C. yuana, are endangered in the IUCN red list. The high risk of extinction is attributed to illegal trade and unsustainable harvesting and utilization. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the herbal uses, chemical components, biological activity, and conservation of Calanthe. The pharmacological studies on this genus are limited; thus, extensive research on the toxicology, pharmaceutical standardization, and mechanism of action of the isolated bioactive compounds are needed. Since some species of Calanthe are listed as endangered, stringent guidelines on trade, collection, and sustainable utilization of medicinal orchids should be set up to facilitate the conservation of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Moses Mutuse Mutungi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Nanjala C, Ren J, Mutie FM, Waswa EN, Mutinda ES, Odago WO, Mutungi MM, Hu GW. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and conservation of the genus Calanthe R. Br. (Orchidaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114822. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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LC–NMR for Natural Product Analysis: A Journey from an Academic Curiosity to a Robust Analytical Tool. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC)–nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combines the advantage of the outstanding separation power of liquid chromatography (LC) and the superior structural elucidating capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR has proved that it is a standout detector for LC by providing maximum structural information about plant originated extracts, particularly on the isolating ability of isomeric (same molecular formula) and/or isobaric (same molecular weight) compounds as compared to other detectors. The present review provides an overview of the developmental trends and application of LC–NMR in natural product analysis. The different LC–NMR operational modes are described, and how technical improvements assist in establishing this powerful technique as an important analytical tool in the analysis of complex plant-derived compounds is also highlighted. On-flow, stop-flow and loop-storage modes, as well as the new offline mode LC–solid phase extraction (SPE)–NMR and capillary LC (capLC)–NMR configurations which avoid the ingestion of expensive deuterated solvents throughout the experiment, are mentioned. Utilization of cryogenic probe and microprobe technologies, which are the other important promising approaches for guaranteeing sensitivity, are also described. Concluding remarks and future outlooks are also discussed.
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6
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Letertre MPM, Dervilly G, Giraudeau P. Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:500-518. [PMID: 33155816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yu WC, Li Z, Sun BS, Cui Y. A quick, accurate and general ultra performance liquid chromatography method for evaluating the quality of enological tannins. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1045-1052. [PMID: 32670658 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial enological tannins from various origins have been widely used in modern wine making. In order to investigate the diverse quality of tannin products, a quick, accurate and simple UPLC method was developed, which could simultaneously determine 11 principle characteristic components of hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. The optimum resolution of the tannins was achieved on a Waters Acquity UPLC-BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) at 280 nm with gradient elution. The method was validated to achieve desired specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and stability. The developed method was successfully applied to 30 commercial enological tannins from different origins for their quality evaluation. The 30 tannin samples were qualitatively distinguished into hydrolysable, condensed or mixture tannins, and quantificationally classified into four levels of excellent, good, fair and poor products. The method could be used for quick evaluating the quality of enological tannins in practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- China Resources Double-crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 100102 Beijing, China
| | - Bao Shan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China
- Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
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8
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Recent Advances in Strategies for Activation and Discovery/Characterization of Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Streptomyces. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040616. [PMID: 32344564 PMCID: PMC7232178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces spp. are prolific sources of valuable natural products (NPs) that are of great interest in pharmaceutical industries such as antibiotics, anticancer chemotherapeutics, immunosuppressants, etc. Approximately two-thirds of all known antibiotics are produced by actinomycetes, most predominantly by Streptomyces. Nevertheless, in recent years, the chances of the discovery of novel and bioactive compounds from Streptomyces have significantly declined. The major hindrance for obtaining such bioactive compounds from Streptomyces is that most of the compounds are not produced in significant titers, or the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are cryptic. The rapid development of genome sequencing has provided access to a tremendous number of NP-BGCs embedded in the microbial genomes. In addition, the studies of metabolomics provide a portfolio of entire metabolites produced from the strain of interest. Therefore, through the integrated approaches of different-omics techniques, the connection between gene expression and metabolism can be established. Hence, in this review we summarized recent advancements in strategies for activating cryptic BGCs in Streptomyces by utilizing diverse state-of-the-art techniques.
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9
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Yuan Y, Zhao M, Riffault-Valois L, Ennahar S, Bergaentzlé M, Marchioni E. Online acetylcholinesterase inhibition evaluation by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry hyphenated with an immobilized enzyme reactor. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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LC-NMR for Natural Products Analysis: A Journey from an Academic Curiosity to a Robust Analytical Tool. SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sci1010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
LC–NMR combines the advantage of the outstanding separation power of liquid chromatography (LC) and the superior structural elucidating capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR has proved that it is a standout detector for LC by providing maximum structural information about plant originated extracts particularly in its isolating ability of isomeric (same molecular formula) and/or isobaric (same molecular weight) compounds as compared to other detectors. The present review provides an overview of the LC–NMR developmental trends and its application in natural products analysis. The different LC–NMR operational modes are described, as well as how technical improvements assist in establishing this powerful technique as an important analytical tool in the analysis of complex plant-derived compounds. On-flow, stop-flow and loop-storage modes, as well as the new offline mode LC–SPE–NMR and capLC-NMR configurations that avoid the ingestion of expensive deuterated solvents throughout the experiment are mentioned. Utilization of cryogenic probe and microprobe technologies which are the other important promising approaches for guaranteeing the sensitivity issues are also described. Concluding remarks and future outlooks are also discussed.
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11
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Evidence-Based Study to Compare Daodi Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material and Non- Daodi Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6763130. [PMID: 29599808 PMCID: PMC5828320 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6763130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Daodi medicinal material is widely used in Chinese herb medication. However, there is a lack of systematic methodology for identifying characteristics associated with good quality and reliable efficacy of Daodi med-material. Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide some evidence to further substantiate the use of Daodi medicinal materials. Methods Seven relevant databases were searched before July 2014. Two evaluators were responsible for screening and categorizing the results. The data was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results Overall, 107 articles were systematically analyzed. Of these studies, 55.1% (59/107) focused on the methodology to assess Daodi med-material, and 38.3% (41/107) were interested in med-material ingredients, soil physical and chemical properties, and the geological background system (GBS). Only 6.5% (7/107) of studies were mainly conducted as clinical trials and animal experiments. Conclusion Comparisons between Daodi and non-Daodi materials have been studied mainly in terms of the ingredients or composition of medical materials, soil physics and chemistry, and the GBS, and some identifying methodologies have been created to identify Daodi attributes. Until now, there is still no consensus of comparison criteria between Daodi and non-Daodi medicinal material. Only a few studies were conducted through animal experiments and clinical trials to determine Daodi superiority.
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12
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Selby-Pham SNB, Howell KS, Dunshea FR, Ludbey J, Lutz A, Bennett L. Statistical modelling coupled with LC-MS analysis to predict human upper intestinal absorption of phytochemical mixtures. Food Chem 2017; 245:353-363. [PMID: 29287381 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A diet rich in phytochemicals confers benefits for health by reducing the risk of chronic diseases via regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation (OSI). For optimal protective bio-efficacy, the time required for phytochemicals and their metabolites to reach maximal plasma concentrations (Tmax) should be synchronised with the time of increased OSI. A statistical model has been reported to predict Tmax of individual phytochemicals based on molecular mass and lipophilicity. We report the application of the model for predicting the absorption profile of an uncharacterised phytochemical mixture, herein referred to as the 'functional fingerprint'. First, chemical profiles of phytochemical extracts were acquired using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), then the molecular features for respective components were used to predict their plasma absorption maximum, based on molecular mass and lipophilicity. This method of 'functional fingerprinting' of plant extracts represents a novel tool for understanding and optimising the health efficacy of plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N B Selby-Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Kate S Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joel Ludbey
- CSIRO Information Management and Technology, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Adrian Lutz
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Louise Bennett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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13
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Kind T, Fiehn O. Strategies for dereplication of natural compounds using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS 2017; 21:313-319. [PMID: 29225718 PMCID: PMC5720153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Complete structural elucidation of natural products is commonly performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), but annotating compounds to most likely structures using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry is a faster and feasible first step. The CASMI contest 2016 (Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification) provided spectra of eighteen compounds for the best manual structure identification in the natural products category. High resolution precursor and tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) were available to characterize the compounds. We used the Seven Golden Rules, Sirius2 and MS-FINDER software for determination of molecular formulas, and then we queried the formulas in different natural product databases including DNP, UNPD, ChemSpider and REAXYS to obtain molecular structures. We used different in-silico fragmentation tools including CFM-ID, CSI:FingerID and MS-FINDER to rank these compounds. Additional neutral losses and product ion peaks were manually investigated. This manual and time consuming approach allowed for the correct dereplication of thirteen of the eighteen natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis 95616, California, U.S.A
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis 95616, California, U.S.A
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabia
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14
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Sensitivity enhancement by chromatographic peak concentration with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for minor impurity analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1508:163-168. [PMID: 28619585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography can be coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to give a powerful analytical method known as liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) spectroscopy, which can be used to determine the chemical structures of the components of complex mixtures. However, intrinsic limitations in the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy have restricted the scope of this procedure, and resolving these limitations remains a critical problem for analysis. In this study, we coupled ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with NMR to give a simple and versatile analytical method with higher sensitivity than conventional LC-NMR. UHPLC separation enabled the concentration of individual peaks to give a volume similar to that of the NMR flow cell, thereby maximizing the sensitivity to the theoretical upper limit. The UHPLC concentration of compound peaks present at typical impurity levels (5.0-13.1 nmol) in a mixture led to at most three-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio compared with LC-NMR. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use of UHPLC-NMR for obtaining structural information of a minor impurity in a reaction mixture in actual laboratory-scale development of a synthetic process. Using UHPLC-NMR, the experimental run times for chromatography and NMR were greatly reduced compared with LC-NMR. UHPLC-NMR successfully overcomes the difficulties associated with analyses of minor components in a complex mixture by LC-NMR, which are problematic even when an ultra-high field magnet and cryogenic probe are used.
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15
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Furuhashi T, Okuda K. Application of GC/MS Soft Ionization for Isomeric Biological Compound Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:438-453. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1320215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Furuhashi
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okuda
- JEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Wang P, Wang Q, Yang B, Zhao S, Kuang H. The Progress of Metabolomics Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1281-310. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played important roles in health protection and disease treatment for thousands of years in China and has gained the gradual acceptance of the international community. However, many intricate issues, which cannot be explained by traditional methods, still remain, thus, new ideas and technologies are needed. As an emerging system biology technology, the holistic view adopted by metabolomics is similar to that of TCM, which allows us to investigate TCM with complicated conditions and multiple factors in depth. In this paper, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the methodology progression of metabolomics, as well as its applications, in different fields of TCM studies including quality control, processing, safety and efficacy evaluation. The herbs investigated by metabolomics were selected for detailed examination, including Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Atractylodes macrocephala Kidd, Pinellia ternate, etc.; furthermore, some valuable results have been obtained and summarized. In conclusion, although the study of metabolomics is at the early phase and requires further scrutiny and validation, it still provides bright prospects to dissect the synergistic action of multiple components from TCM. Overall, with the further development of analytical techniques, especially multi-analysis techniques, we expect that metabolomics will greatly promote TCM research and the establishment of international standards, which is beneficial to TCM modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
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Metabolic profiling as a tool for prioritizing antimicrobial compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 43:299-312. [PMID: 26335567 PMCID: PMC4752588 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an analytical technique that allows scientists to globally profile low molecular weight metabolites between samples in a medium- or high-throughput environment. Different biological samples are statistically analyzed and correlated to a bioactivity of interest, highlighting differentially produced compounds as potential biomarkers. Here, we review NMR- and MS-based metabolomics as technologies to facilitate the identification of novel antimicrobial natural products from microbial sources. Approaches to elicit the production of poorly expressed (cryptic) molecules are thereby a key to allow statistical analysis of samples to identify bioactive markers, while connection of compounds to their biosynthetic gene cluster is a determining step in elucidating the biosynthetic pathway and allows downstream process optimization and upscaling. The review focuses on approaches built around NMR-based metabolomics, which enables efficient dereplication and guided fractionation of (antimicrobial) compounds.
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Nguta JM, Appiah-Opong R, Nyarko AK, Yeboah-Manu D, Addo PGA. Current perspectives in drug discovery against tuberculosis from natural products. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:165-83. [PMID: 27649863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), while 8.9-9.9 million new and relapse cases of tuberculosis (TB) are reported yearly. The renewed research interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel antitubercular leads have been driven partly by the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of MTB and the adverse effects associated with the first- and second-line antitubercular drugs. Natural products have been, and will continue to be a rich source of new drugs against many diseases. The depth and breadth of therapeutic agents that have their origins in the secondary metabolites produced by living organisms cannot be compared with any other source of therapeutic agents. Discovery of new chemical molecules against active and latent TB from natural products requires an interdisciplinary approach, which is a major challenge facing scientists in this field. In order to overcome this challenge, cutting edge techniques in mycobacteriology and innovative natural product chemistry tools need to be developed and used in tandem. The present review provides a cross-linkage to the most recent literature in both fields and their potential to impact the early phase of drug discovery against TB if seamlessly combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Alexander K Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Phyllis G A Addo
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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Hammann S, Conrad J, Vetter W. Fractionation of technical octabromodiphenyl ether by countercurrent chromatography combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and offline and online 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1398:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen J, Li M, Wu X. High-Throughput Structural Elucidation of Lignans in Flaxseed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.845895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Savorani F, Rasmussen MA, Mikkelsen MS, Engelsen SB. A primer to nutritional metabolomics by NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wolfender JL, Queiroz EF, Hostettmann K. The importance of hyphenated techniques in the discovery of new lead compounds from nature. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 1:237-60. [PMID: 23495845 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nature represents an extraordinary reservoir of novel molecules and there is currently a resurgence of interest in natural products as a possible source of new lead compounds for introduction into therapeutical screening programmes. To discover new bioactive natural products, the dereplication of crude extracts performed prior to isolation work is of crucial importance for avoiding the tedious isolation of known constituents. In this respect, chemical screening strategies based on hyphenated techniques such as liquid chromatography-ultraviolet photodiode array detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography tandom mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) are more and more extensively used. In the laboratory of Hostettmann's group, these analytical methods have been fully integrated into the isolation process and are used for the chemical screening of crude plant extracts, in complement with online or at-line bioassays, for rapid localisation and identification of new bioactive compounds. In this paper, possibilities and limitations of hyphenated techniques for de novo online natural product identification are discussed. As LC-NMR is playing a key role in this respect, the main part of the paper is dedicated to this technique. In particular, various ways of integrating NMR in the dereplication process are illustrated and strategies involving either direct or indirect hyphenation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Univerity of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; †
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Qiu F, Friesen BJ, McAlpine JB, Pauli GF. Design of countercurrent separation of Ginkgo biloba terpene lactones by nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1242:26-34. [PMID: 22579361 PMCID: PMC3388899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Terpene lactones such as bilobalide, ginkgolides A, B, C, and J are major bioactive compounds of Ginkgo biloba L. Purification of these compounds is tedious due to their similar chemical properties. For the purpose of developing an effective and efficient method for both analytical and preparative separation of terpene lactones in G. biloba, an innovative orthogonality-enhanced high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) method was established. Taking advantage of quantitative (1)H NMR (qHNMR) methodology, partition coefficients (K) of individual terpene lactones were calculated directly from crude G. biloba leaf extract, using their H-12 signals as distinguishing feature. The partitioning experiment assisted the design of a two dimensional (2D) HSCCC procedure using a pair of orthogonal HSCCC solvent systems (SSs), ChMWat +4 and HEMSoWat +3/0.05%. It was surprising that the resolution of ginkgolides A and B was improved by 25% in the HEMWat +3 SS modified with 0.5% DMSO. Consequently, all five terpene lactones could be well separated with qHNMR purity>95% from G. biloba leaf extract. The separation was further evaluated by offline qHNMR analysis of HSCCC fractions associated with Gaussian curve fitting. The results showed less than 2% error in HSCCC retention predicted from the partitioning experiment. This compelling consistency demonstrates that qHNMR-derived K determination ("K-by-NMR") can be used to predict CCC fractionation and target purification of analytes from complex mixtures. Furthermore, Gaussian curve fitting enabled an accurate prediction of less than 2% impurity in the CCC fraction, which demonstrates its potential as a powerful tool to study the presence of minor constituents, especially when they are beyond the detection limit of conventional spectroscopic detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - Brent J. Friesen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
- Department of Physical Sciences, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, U.S.A
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
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Anthocyanin identification and composition of wild Vitis spp. accessions by using LC–MS and LC–NMR. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 732:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yim SH, Kim HJ, Jeong NR, Park KD, Lee YJ, Cho SD, Lee IS. Structure-Guided Identification of Novel Phenolic and Phenolic Amide Allosides from the Rhizomes of Cimicifuga heracleifolia. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.4.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sheridan H, Krenn L, Jiang R, Sutherland I, Ignatova S, Marmann A, Liang X, Sendker J. The potential of metabolic fingerprinting as a tool for the modernisation of TCM preparations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:482-491. [PMID: 22338647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A vast majority Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) are traditionally administered as individually prepared water decoctions (tang) which are rather complicated in practice and their dry extracts show technological problems that hamper straight production of more convenient application forms. Modernised extraction procedures may overcome these difficulties but there is lack of clinical evidence supporting their therapeutic equivalence to traditional decoctions and their quality can often not solely be attributed to the single marker compounds that are usually used for chemical extract optimisation. As demonstrated by the example of the rather simple traditional TCM formula Danggui Buxue Tang, both the chemical composition and the biological activity of extracts resulting from traditional water decoction are influenced by details of the extraction procedure and especially involve pharmacokinetic synergism based on co-extraction. Hence, a more detailed knowledge about the traditional extracts' chemical profiles and their impact on biological activity is desirable in order to allow the development of modernised extracts that factually contain the whole range of compounds relevant for the efficacy of the traditional application. We propose that these compounds can be identified by metabolomics based on comprehensive fingerprint analysis of different extracts with known biological activity. TCM offers a huge variety of traditional products of the same botanical origin but with distinct therapeutic properties, like differentially processed drugs and special daodi qualities. Through this variety, TCM gives an ideal field for the application of metabolomic techniques aiming at the identification of active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sheridan
- Trinity College, Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, East End Development 4/5, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Bueno JM, Ramos-Escudero F, Sáez-Plaza P, Muñoz AM, José Navas M, Asuero AG. Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part I: General Considerations Concerning Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.632312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Brkljača R, Urban S. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN HPLC-NMR AND APPLICATIONS FOR NATURAL PRODUCT PROFILING AND IDENTIFICATION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.587748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brkljača
- a School of Applied Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi) RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvia Urban
- a School of Applied Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi) RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kim SM, Kang SW, Jeon JS, Jung YJ, Kim CY, Pan CH, Um BH. Rapid identification and evaluation of antioxidant compounds from extracts of Petasites japonicus by hyphenated-HPLC techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Kim
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Kang
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chul Young Kim
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Pan
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hun Um
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
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Kingston DGI. Modern natural products drug discovery and its relevance to biodiversity conservation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:496-511. [PMID: 21138324 PMCID: PMC3061248 DOI: 10.1021/np100550t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products continue to provide a diverse and unique source of bioactive lead compounds for drug discovery, but maintaining their continued eminence as source compounds is challenging in the face of the changing face of the pharmaceutical industry and the changing nature of biodiversity prospecting brought about by the Convention on Biological Diversity. This review provides an overview of some of these challenges and suggests ways in which they can be addressed so that natural products research can remain a viable and productive route to drug discovery. Results from International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBGs) working in Madagascar, Panama, and Suriname are used as examples of what can be achieved when biodiversity conservation is linked to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
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31
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El-Hela AA, Al-Amier HA, Ibrahim TA. Comparative study of the flavonoids of some Verbena species cultivated in Egypt by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectroscopy and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6388-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kang SW, Kim CY, Song DG, Pan CH, Cha KH, Lee DU, Um BH. Rapid identification of furanocoumarins in Angelica dahurica using the online LC-MMR-MS and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity in RAW 264.7 cells. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:322-7. [PMID: 20540163 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook. is a perennial herb that grows throughout Korea whose dried roots have been used to treat various diseases in Korean traditional medicine. The root extract contains diverse constituents, and it is necessary to determine the active compounds. OBJECTIVE To investigate the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity in a root extract of A. dahurica and identify the most active compounds using LC-NMR-MS. METHODOLOGY In search of the anti-inflammatory constituents of A. dahurica extract, the HPLC-based activity profiling approach was used to investigate the extract's NO inhibitory activity. To directly identify the compounds, a hyphenated LC-NMR-MS technique was applied. Reversed-phase isocratic chromatography was performed using the acetonitrile-water solvent system on a C(30) column. The identification of the compounds was based on information from ESI/MS and 1H-NMR. RESULTS NO inhibitory activities for five main fractions of the extract were evaluated, which were identified by LC-NMR-MS as containing furanocoumarins: byakangelicol, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, phellopterin and isoimperatorin. CONCLUSION The results obtained showed that the anti-inflammatory activities of A. dahurica could be linked to imperatorin and phellopterin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Woo Kang
- Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute, Techno Valley, Gangneung, 210-340, Korea
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Harvey AL, Clark RL, Mackay SP, Johnston BF. Current strategies for drug discovery through natural products. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:559-68. [PMID: 22823167 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.488263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE TO THE FIELD Natural products are the most consistently successful source of drug leads, both historically and currently. Despite this, the use of natural products in industrial drug discovery has fallen out of favour. Natural products are likely to continue to be sources of new commercially viable drug leads because the chemical novelty associated with natural products is higher than that of any other source: this is particularly important when searching for lead molecules against newly discovered targets for which there are no known small molecule leads. Areas to be covered: Current drug discovery strategies involving natural products are described in three sections: developments from traditionally used medicines, random testing of natural compounds on biological assays and use of virtual screening techniques with structures of natural products. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an insight into the potential for natural products in current drug discovery paradigms, particularly in the value of using natural products in virtual screening approaches. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Drug discovery would be enriched if fuller use was made of the chemistry of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Harvey
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK +44 141 553 4155 ; +44 141 552 8376 ;
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Boccard J, Veuthey JL, Rudaz S. Knowledge discovery in metabolomics: An overview of MS data handling. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:290-304. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Vukics V, Guttman A. Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides by multi-stage mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:1-16. [PMID: 19116944 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites of great structural variety and high medicinal significance. The search for new chemical entities and the quality control of flavonoid containing natural products require easy-to-use but reliable and robust analytical methodologies. For structural elucidation of flavonoids and their glycosides, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) are the generally used techniques. In phytochemical analyses, however, high amounts of flavonoids are difficult to isolate for NMR, thus low sample volume requiring MS based methods are emerging. This review summarizes and compares currently available methods for structural elucidation of flavonoids by LC-MS and LC-MS(n), and focuses on the identification options of unknown flavonoid glycosides in complex samples (e.g., plant extracts) with the emphasis on the differentiation of isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Vukics
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Coupling HPLC to on-line, post-column (bio)chemical assays for high-resolution screening of bioactive compounds from complex mixtures. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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38
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Iwasa K, Takahashi T, Nishiyama Y, Moriyasu M, Sugiura M, Takeuchi A, Tode C, Tokuda H, Takeda K. Online structural elucidation of alkaloids and other constituents in crude extracts and cultured cells of Nandina domestica by combination of LC-MS/MS, LC-NMR, and LC-CD analyses. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1376-1385. [PMID: 18671433 DOI: 10.1021/np8001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The combination of NMR, MS, and CD data permitted the structural elucidation including the absolute configuration of the known alkaloids and unknown components in the extract matrix solution of Nandina domestica without isolation and sample purification prior to the coupling experiments. Unstable natural stereoisomers were identified by LC-NMR and LC-MS. Five known alkaloids, (S)-isoboldine, (S)-domesticine, (S)-nantenine, sinoacutine, and menispermine, were identified from N. domestica. O-Methylpallidine and (E, E)-, (E, Z)-, and (Z, Z)-terrestribisamide were also characterized for the first time from this plant. Known jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine and unknown (R)-carnegine and (E, E)-, (E, Z)-, and (Z, Z)-terrestribisamide were identified in the callus of N. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinuko Iwasa
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe-shi 658-8558, Japan.
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Werner E, Heilier JF, Ducruix C, Ezan E, Junot C, Tabet JC. Mass spectrometry for the identification of the discriminating signals from metabolomics: Current status and future trends. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:143-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Graça G, Duarte IF, J Goodfellow B, Carreira IM, Couceiro AB, Domingues MDR, Spraul M, Tseng LH, Gil AM. Metabolite profiling of human amniotic fluid by hyphenated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6085-92. [PMID: 18564856 DOI: 10.1021/ac800907f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profiling of human amniotic fluid (HAF) is of potential interest for the diagnosis of disorders in the mother or the fetus. In order to build a comprehensive metabolite database for HAF, hyphenated NMR has been used, for the first time, for systematic HAF profiling. Experiments were carried out using reverse-phase (RP) and ion-exchange liquid chromatography (LC), in order to detect less and more polar compounds, respectively. RP-LC conditions achieved good separation of amino acids, some sugars, and xanthines. Subsequent NMR and MS analysis enabled the rapid identification of 30 compounds, including 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate and 4-aminohippurate identified in HAF for the first time, to our knowledge. Under ion-exchange LC conditions, a different set of 30 compounds was detected, including sugars, organic acids, several derivatives of organic acids, and amino acids. In this experiment, five compounds were identified for the first time in HAF: D-xylitol, amino acid derivatives (N-acetylalanine, N-acetylglycine, 2-oxoleucine), and isovalerate. The nonendogenous nature of some metabolites (caffeine, paraxanthine, D-xylitol, sorbitol) is discussed. Hyphenated NMR has allowed the rapid detection of approximately 60 metabolites in HAF, some of which are not detectable by standard NMR due to low abundance (microM) and signal overlap thus enabling an extended metabolite database to be built for HAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Graça
- CICECO-Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Stalikas CD. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:3268-95. [PMID: 18069740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
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Kang SW, Kim MC, Kim CY, Jung SH, Um BH. The Rapid Identification of Isoflavonoids from Belamcanda chinensis by LC-NMR and LC-MS. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1452-4. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Woo Kang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute
| | - Byung Hun Um
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute
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43
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Harvey AL. Natural products as a screening resource. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2007; 11:480-4. [PMID: 17884696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been the most productive source of leads for new drugs, but they are currently out of fashion with the pharmaceutical industry. New approaches to sourcing novel compounds from untapped areas of biodiversity coupled with the technical advances in analytical techniques (such as microcoil NMR and linked LC-MS-NMR) have removed many of the difficulties in using natural products in screening campaigns. As the 'chemical space' occupied by natural products is both more varied and more drug-like than that of combinatorial chemical collections, synthetic and biosynthetic methods are being developed to produce screening libraries of natural product-like compounds. A renaissance of drug discovery inspired by natural products can be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Harvey
- Strathclyde Institute for Drug Research, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
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44
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Smith RM. Superheated water chromatography--a green technology for the future. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:441-55. [PMID: 17658536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversed phase liquid chromatography using superheated water as the mobile phase, at temperatures between 100 and 250 degrees C, offers a number of advantages for the analyst. It is an environmentally clean solvent, reducing solvent usage and disposal costs. It has advantages in detection, allowing UV spectra to be monitored down to short wavelengths, as well as a compatibility with universal flame ionisation detection and mass spectroscopy. By employing deuterium oxide as the eluent, solvent free NMR spectra can be measured. The development of newer more thermally stable stationary phases, including hybrid phases, have expanded the analytes that can be examined and these now range from alkylbenzenes, phenols, alkyl aryl ketones and a number of pharmaceuticals to carboxylic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Very few compounds have been found to be unstable during the analysis. The separation methods can be directly coupled to superheated water extraction providing a totally solvent free system for sample extraction and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK.
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45
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Mmatli EE, Malerød H, Wilson SR, Abegaz B, Greibrokk T, Lundanes E, Malterud KE, Petersen D, Rise F. Identification of major metal complexing compounds in Blepharis aspera. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:24-31. [PMID: 17658309 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Verbascoside and isoverbascoside, present at 0.7% and 0.2% (w/w dryweight), were identified to be major compounds that could contribute to the metal complexation in Blepharis aspera collected in Botswana, Africa. The metallophyte B. aspera has high ability to cope with a high level of metal accumulation. The presence of metal complexing compounds and/or antioxidants can prevent oxidative reactions in lipids, proteins and DNA that take place due to the metal accumulation. On-line liquid chromatography-solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-SPE-NMR) was applied for the identification, while electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and UV-vis spectroscopy was used to assess whether these compounds can complex with metals. It was found that verbascoside and isoverbascoside may form complexes with nickel, iron (verbascoside only) and copper. Thus, the presence of verbascoside and isoverbascoside can explain the survival of B. aspera in mineral-rich areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Eddie Mmatli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
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46
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Politi M, Silipo A, Siciliano T, Tebano M, Flamini G, Braca A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Current analytical methods to study plant water extracts: the example of two mushrooms species, Inonotus hispidus and Sparassis crispa. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2007; 18:33-41. [PMID: 17260696 DOI: 10.1002/pca.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The analytical study of two hot-water extracts from the mushrooms Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst and Sparassis crispa Wulf.:Fr was performed by NMR, HPLC-PAD-MS and GC-MS. The simultaneous use of different analytical techniques highlighted the diverse classes of natural products contained in these extracts. This study describes an attempt to adapt a useful phytochemical method to the direct investigation of plant water extracts, which represent the typical traditional manner for the administration of natural remedies. The heritage concerning plant processing procedures, known as traditional pharmaceutical knowledge, could play an important role in future research on medicinal species. This kind of study could be used as an update for current and future perspectives in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Politi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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47
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Sugimoto N, Yomota C, Furusho N, Sato K, Yamazaki T, Tanamoto K. Application of liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the identification of ethyldimethylpyrazine, a food flavouring agent. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2006; 23:1253-9. [PMID: 17118867 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600871168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (LC-NMR) for the direct identification of ethyldimethylpyrazine, a food flavouring agent, has been studied. The commercial product is a mixture of two regio-isomers, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (1) and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine (2); however, the exact composition of the mixture is unknown. Structural characterization by LC-MS and GC-MS was not possible because both regio-isomers yield the same molecular related ion and ion fragmentation. To rapidly identify the two regio-isomers, the product was analyzed by LC-NMR with on-flow and fraction loop modes. From the results, the structure elucidations of the two regio-isomers could be carried out without the need to isolate the isomers by the usual procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sugimoto
- nsNational Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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48
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Sousa M, Ousingsawat J, Seitz R, Puntheeranurak S, Regalado A, Schmidt A, Grego T, Jansakul C, Amaral MD, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. An Extract from the Medicinal Plant Phyllanthus acidus and Its Isolated Compounds Induce Airway Chloride Secretion: A Potential Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 71:366-76. [PMID: 17065237 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.025262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to previous reports, flavonoids and nutraceuticals correct defective electrolyte transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. Traditional medicinal plants from China and Thailand contain phytoflavonoids and other bioactive compounds. We examined herbal extracts of the common Thai medicinal euphorbiaceous plant Phyllanthus acidus for their potential effects on epithelial transport. Functional assays by Ussing chamber, patch-clamping, double-electrode voltage-clamp and Ca2+ imaging demonstrate activation of Cl- secretion and inhibition of Na+ absorption by P. acidus. No cytotoxic effects of P. acidus could be detected. Mucosal application of P. acidus to native mouse trachea suggested transient and steady-state activation of Cl- secretion by increasing both intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP. These effects were mimicked by a mix of the isolated components adenosine, kaempferol, and hypogallic acid. Additional experiments in human airway cells and CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing BHK cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes confirm the results obtained in native tissues. Cl- secretion was also induced in tracheas of CF mice homozygous for Phe508del-CFTR and in Phe508del-CFTR homozygous human airway epithelial cells. Taken together, P. acidus corrects defective electrolyte transport in CF airways by parallel mechanisms including 1) increasing the intracellular levels of second messengers cAMP and Ca2+, thereby activating Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels and residual CFTR-Cl- conductance; 2) stimulating basolateral K+ channels; 3) redistributing cellular localization of CFTR; 4) directly activating CFTR; and 5) inhibiting ENaC through activation of CFTR. These combinatorial effects on epithelial transport may provide a novel complementary nutraceutical treatment for the CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Sousa
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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49
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Schefer AB, Braumann U, Tseng LH, Spraul M, Soares MG, Fernandes JB, da Silva MFGF, Vieira PC, Ferreira AG. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance coupling to the identification of limonoids from mahogany tree (Switenia macrophylla, Meliaceae) by stopped-flow 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1128:152-63. [PMID: 16904679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Separation and characterization of limonoids from Switenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) by HPLC-NMR technique has been described. Analyses were carried out using reversed-phase gradient HPLC elution coupled to NMR (600 MHz) spectrometer in stopped-flow mode. Separated peaks were collected into an interface unit prior to NMR measurements, which were performed with suppression of solvent signals by shaped pulses sequences. Structure elucidation of the limonoids was attained by data obtained from 1H NMR, TOCSY, gHSQC and gHMBC spectra without conventional isolation that is usually applied in natural products studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Schefer
- NMR Division, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, D-76287 Rheinstetten, Silberstreifen, Germany.
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50
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Exarchou V, Fiamegos YC, van Beek TA, Nanos C, Vervoort J. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the rapid screening and identification of antioxidants in methanolic extracts of pharmaceutically used plants. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:293-302. [PMID: 16359690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical analysis is an important scientific research area, which normally relies on a number of rather laborious and time-consuming techniques for compound identification. Isolation of the ingredients of plant extracts in adequate quantities for spectral and biological analysis was the basis of this research. In this paper the possibility of on-line rapid screening of antioxidant components in methanolic plant extracts and their subsequent identification is reported. Based exclusively on hyphenated chromatographic techniques the methanolic extracts of Tilia europea, Urtica dioica, Lonicera periclymenum and Hypericum perforatum are initially screened for their antioxidant components via an on-line DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging technique. Structural elucidation of the active analytes is achieved by means of LC-MS and LC-UV-SPE-NMR. After the determination of the appropriate LC gradient, a minimal number of chromatographic runs with these hyphenated techniques are adequate for the acquisition of the necessary data, leading to the identification of the targeted compounds. Based on their UV, NMR and MS spectra, the antioxidant compounds identified in the extracts under study were found to be either flavonoid glycosides or mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids. Although the aim of the study was to show the great potential of the LC-UV-NMR-DPPH/ABTS approach for the rapid screening and identification of plant constituents, the results produced in the course of this study also have some merit by themselves. Some of the compounds detected are reported for the first time in the specific plant extracts.
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