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Deleray AC, Saini SS, Wallberg AC, Kramer JR. Synthetic Antifreeze Glycoproteins with Potent Ice-Binding Activity. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:3424-3434. [PMID: 38699199 PMCID: PMC11064932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are produced by extremophiles to defend against tissue damage in freezing climates. Cumbersome isolation from polar fish has limited probing AFGP molecular mechanisms of action and limited development of bioinspired cryoprotectants for application in agriculture, foods, coatings, and biomedicine. Here, we present a rapid, scalable, and tunable route to synthetic AFGPs (sAFGPs) using N-carboxyanhydride polymerization. Our materials are the first mimics to harness the molecular size, chemical motifs, and long-range conformation of native AFGPs. We found that ice-binding activity increases with chain length, Ala is a key residue, and the native protein sequence is not required. The glycan structure had only minor effects, and all glycans examined displayed antifreeze activity. The sAFGPs are biodegradable, nontoxic, internalized into endocytosing cells, and bystanders in cryopreservation of human red blood cells. Overall, our sAFGPs functioned as surrogates for bona fide AFGPs, solving a long-standing challenge in accessing natural antifreeze materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Deleray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Alexander C Wallberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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2
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Choi HW, Jang H. Application of Nanoparticles and Melatonin for Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4028-4044. [PMID: 36135188 PMCID: PMC9497981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, a technique widely applied in human infertility clinics and to preserve desirable genetic traits of livestock, has been developed over 30 years as a component of the artificial insemination process. A number of researchers have conducted studies to reduce cell toxicity during cryopreservation using adjuvants leading to higher gamete and embryo survival rates. Melatonin and Nanoparticles are novel cryoprotectants and recent studies have investigated their properties such as regulating oxidative stresses, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation in order to protect gametes and embryos during vitrification. This review presented the current status of cryoprotectants and highlights the novel biomaterials such as melatonin and nanoparticles that may improve the survivability of gametes and embryos during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hoon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3359
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3
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Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Incredible as it is, researchers have now the awareness that even the most extreme environment includes special habitats that host several forms of life. Cold environments cover different compartments of the cryosphere, as sea and freshwater ice, glaciers, snow, and permafrost. Although these are very particular environmental compartments in which various stressors coexist (i.e., freeze–thaw cycles, scarce water availability, irradiance conditions, and poorness of nutrients), diverse specialized microbial communities are harbored. This raises many intriguing questions, many of which are still unresolved. For instance, a challenging focus is to understand if microorganisms survive trapped frozen among ice crystals for long periods of time or if they indeed remain metabolically active. Likewise, a look at their site-specific diversity and at their putative geochemical activity is demanded, as well as at the equally interesting microbial activity at subzero temperatures. The production of special molecules such as strategy of adaptations, cryoprotectants, and ice crystal-controlling molecules is even more intriguing. This paper aims at reviewing all these aspects with the intent of providing a thorough overview of the main contributors in investigating the microbial life in the cryosphere, touching on the themes of diversity, adaptation, and metabolic potential.
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4
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Jin T, Long F, Zhang Q, Zhuang W. Site-Specific Water Dynamics in the First Hydration Layer of an Anti-Freeze Glyco-Protein: A Simulation Study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21165-21177. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) inhibit ice recrystallization by a mechanism remaining largely elusive. Dynamics of AFGPs’ hydration water and its involvement in the antifreeze activity, for instance, have not been identified...
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5
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Georgiou PG, Kontopoulou I, Congdon TR, Gibson MI. Ice recrystallisation inhibiting polymer nano-objects via saline-tolerant polymerisation-induced self-assembly. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2020; 8:1883-1887. [PMID: 33692903 PMCID: PMC7116880 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical tools to modulate ice formation/growth have great (bio)-technological value, with ice binding/antifreeze proteins being exciting targets for biomimetic materials. Here we introduce polymer nanomaterials that are potent inhibitors of ice recrystallisation using polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA), employing a poly(vinyl alcohol) graft macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA). Crucially, engineering the core-forming block with diacetone acrylamide enabled PISA to be conducted in saline, whereas poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) cores led to coagulation. The most active particles inhibited ice growth as low as 0.5 mg mL-1, and were more active than the PVA stabiliser block alone, showing that the dense packing of this nanoparticle format enhanced activity. This provides a unique route towards colloids capable of modulating ice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
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6
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Sanabria E, Quiroga L. The body temperature of active desert anurans from hyper-arid environment of South America: The reliability of WorldClim for predicted body temperatures in anurans. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102398. [PMID: 31657739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The temperature of anuran activity from arid regions have been poorly studied. In recent years, the emphasis was placed on predicting the impacts of global warming on the fauna of ectotherms in general. Many times future impacts are predicted based on global thermal information (macroscale) but not on an individual scale. We used literature data about body temperature in anurans that inhabit the desert region of the Northwest of Argentina to analyze the role of the elevation, eco-region and substrate temperature on the individual scale. Also, we evaluated the predictive capacity that global environmental variables obtained from WorldClim for this region, and compared them with those of local scale. Our results showed that the activity body temperature of the toads in the arid region of western Argentina strongly influenced by elevation and the substrate temperature on the individual scale. We observed that data of the global scale (WorldClim) can predict the body temperature of the studied amphibians, but with a deviation, not less than 8 °C. According to our results, it is evident that to making reliable predictions of how global warming impacts on amphibians in the region, the environmental temperature data need to be recorded at the local scale (operative temperatures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sanabria
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. José Ignacio de la Roza 230 (O), Capital, San Juan. CP: 5400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Contreras 1300, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Lorena Quiroga
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. José Ignacio de la Roza 230 (O), Capital, San Juan. CP: 5400, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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7
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Robles V, Valcarce DG, Riesco MF. The Use of Antifreeze Proteins in the Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E181. [PMID: 31075977 PMCID: PMC6571776 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is a technique widely used in reproductive biology. This technology helps in the reproductive management of domesticated animals, and it is an important tool for gene banking and for human-assisted reproductive technologies. Antifreeze proteins are naturally present in several organisms exposed to subzero temperatures. The ability for these proteins to inhibit ice recrystallization together with their ability to interact with biological membranes makes them interesting molecules to be used in cryopreservation protocols. This mini-review provides a general overview about the use of antifreeze proteins to improve the short and long term storage of gametes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Robles
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
- MODCELL GROUP, Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - David G Valcarce
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
| | - Marta F Riesco
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander, 39012, Spain.
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8
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Spreading fully at the ice-water interface is required for high ice recrystallization inhibition activity. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Stubbs C, Congdon TR, Gibson MI. Photo-polymerisation and study of the ice recrystallisation inhibition of hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) co-polymers. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Vessella G, Casillo A, Fabozzi A, Traboni S, Iadonisi A, Corsaro MM, Bedini E. Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the cryoprotectant capsular polysaccharide from Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3129-3140. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the threonine-decorated tetrasaccharide repeating unit of a cryoprotectant polysaccharide with a glycosaminoglycan-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
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11
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Jamil MI, Ali A, Haq F, Zhang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Icephobic Strategies and Materials with Superwettability: Design Principles and Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15425-15444. [PMID: 30445813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ice formation and accretion on surfaces is a serious economic issue in energy supply and transportation. Recent strategies for developing icephobic surfaces are intimately associated with superwettability. Commonly, the superwettability of icephobic materials depends on their surface roughness and chemical composition. This article critically categorizes the possible strategies to mitigate icing problems from daily life. The wettability and classical nucleation theories are used to characterize the icephobic surfaces. Thermodynamically, the advantages/disadvantages of superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed to explain icephobic behavior. The importance of elasticity, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs), amphiphilicity, antifreezing protein, organogels, and stimuli-responsive materials has been highlighted to induce icephobic performance. In addition, the design principles and mechanism to fabricate icephobic surfaces with superwettability are explored and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Abid Ali
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Fazal Haq
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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12
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Effects of ice-binding protein from Leucosporidium on the cryopreservation of boar sperm*. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Sumii Y, Hibino H, Saidalimu I, Kawahara H, Shibata N. Design and synthesis of galactose-conjugated fluorinated and non-fluorinated proline oligomers: towards antifreeze molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9749-9752. [PMID: 30102305 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Galactose-conjugated fluorinated and non-fluorinated proline oligomers that exhibit an α-helical structure with hydrophilic and lipophilic parts were designed as potential antifreeze molecules. These galactose-proline oligomers were synthesized and their physical properties were evaluated. Interestingly, the non-fluorinated galactose-proline oligomers showed in contrast to the fluorinated analogues weak antifreeze activity. The difference in antifreeze activity should be attributed to the fluorine gauche effect, which should induce a conformation in fluorinated prolines that is different from that of natural proline. The results obtained in this study thus suggest that the 3D conformation of the galactose-conjugated fluorinated and non-fluorinated proline oligomers is very important for their anti-freezing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan.
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14
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Mochizuki K, Molinero V. Antifreeze Glycoproteins Bind Reversibly to Ice via Hydrophobic Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4803-4811. [PMID: 29392937 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze molecules allow organisms to survive in subzero environments. Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), produced by polar fish, are the most potent inhibitors of ice recrystallization. To date, the molecular mechanism by which AFGPs bind to ice has not yet been elucidated. Mutation experiments cannot resolve whether the binding occurs through the peptide, the saccharides, or both. Here, we use molecular simulations to determine the mechanism and driving forces for binding of AFGP8 to ice, its selectivity for the primary prismatic plane, and the molecular origin of its exceptional ice recrystallization activity. Consistent with experiments, AFGP8 in simulations preferentially adopts the PPII helix secondary structure in solution. We show that the segregation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the PPII helix is vital for ice binding. Binding occurs through adsorption of methyl groups of the peptide and disaccharides to ice, driven by the entropy of dehydration of the hydrophobic groups as they nest in the cavities at the ice surface. The selectivity to the primary prismatic plane originates in the deeper cavities it has compared to the basal plane. We estimate the free energy of binding of AFGP8 and the longer AFGPs4-6, and find them to be consistent with the reversible binding demonstrated in experiments. The simulations reveal that AFGP8 binds to ice through a myriad of conformations that it uses to diffuse through the ice surface and find ice steps, to which it strongly adsorbs. We interpret that the existence of multiple, weak binding sites is the key for the exceptional ice recrystallization inhibition activity of AFGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112-0580 , United States.,Institute for Fiber Engineering , Shinshu University , Ueda , Nagano 386-8567 , Japan
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112-0580 , United States
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15
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Biggs CI, Bailey TL, Ben Graham, Stubbs C, Fayter A, Gibson MI. Polymer mimics of biomacromolecular antifreezes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1546. [PMID: 29142216 PMCID: PMC5688100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins from polar fish species are remarkable biomacromolecules which prevent the growth of ice crystals. Ice crystal growth is a major problem in cell/tissue cryopreservation for transplantation, transfusion and basic biomedical research, as well as technological applications such as icing of aircraft wings. This review will introduce the rapidly emerging field of synthetic macromolecular (polymer) mimics of antifreeze proteins. Particular focus is placed on designing polymers which have no structural similarities to antifreeze proteins but reproduce the same macroscopic properties, potentially by different molecular-level mechanisms. The application of these polymers to the cryopreservation of donor cells is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Trisha L Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ben Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Alice Fayter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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16
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Laezza A, Casillo A, Cosconati S, Biggs CI, Fabozzi A, Paduano L, Iadonisi A, Novellino E, Gibson MI, Randazzo A, Corsaro MM, Bedini E. Decoration of Chondroitin Polysaccharide with Threonine: Synthesis, Conformational Study, and Ice-Recrystallization Inhibition Activity. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2267-2276. [PMID: 28650649 PMCID: PMC5718299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several threonine (Thr)- and alanine (Ala)-rich antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) and polysaccharides act in nature as ice recrystallization inhibitors. Among them, the Thr-decorated capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from the cold-adapted Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H bacterium was recently investigated for its cryoprotectant activity. A semisynthetic mimic thereof was here prepared from microbial sourced chondroitin through a four-step strategy, involving a partial protection of the chondroitin polysaccharide as a key step for gaining an unprecedented quantitative amidation of its glucuronic acid units. In-depth NMR and computational analysis suggested a fairly linear conformation for the semisynthetic polysaccharide, for which the antifreeze activity by a quantitative ice recrystallization inhibition assay was measured. We compared the structure-activity relationships for the Thr-derivatized chondroitin and the natural Thr-decorated CPS from C. psychrerythraea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria M. Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Orii R, Sakamoto N, Fukami D, Tsuda S, Izumi M, Kajihara Y, Okamoto R. Total Synthesis of O
-GalNAcylated Antifreeze Glycoprotein using the Switchable Reactivity of Peptidyl-N
-pivaloylguanidine. Chemistry 2017; 23:9253-9257. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Orii
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Noriko Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Daichi Fukami
- Transdisciplinary Life Science Course; Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University and Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo Hokkaido 0628517 Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Transdisciplinary Life Science Course; Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University and Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo Hokkaido 0628517 Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
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18
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Di Lorenzo F, Billod JM, Martín-Santamaría S, Silipo A, Molinaro A. Gram-Negative Extremophile Lipopolysaccharides: Promising Source of Inspiration for a New Generation of Endotoxin Antagonists. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; via Cinthia 480126 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Billod
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology; CIB Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology; CIB Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; via Cinthia 480126 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; via Cinthia 480126 80126 Naples Italy
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19
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Kim HJ, Lee JH, Hur YB, Lee CW, Park SH, Koo BW. Marine Antifreeze Proteins: Structure, Function, and Application to Cryopreservation as a Potential Cryoprotectant. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020027. [PMID: 28134801 PMCID: PMC5334608 DOI: 10.3390/md15020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are biological antifreezes with unique properties, including thermal hysteresis(TH),ice recrystallization inhibition(IRI),and interaction with membranes and/or membrane proteins. These properties have been utilized in the preservation of biological samples at low temperatures. Here, we review the structure and function of marine-derived AFPs, including moderately active fish AFPs and hyperactive polar AFPs. We also survey previous and current reports of cryopreservation using AFPs. Cryopreserved biological samples are relatively diverse ranging from diatoms and reproductive cells to embryos and organs. Cryopreserved biological samples mainly originate from mammals. Most cryopreservation trials using marine-derived AFPs have demonstrated that addition of AFPs can improve post-thaw viability regardless of freezing method (slow-freezing or vitrification), storage temperature, and types of biological sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Young Baek Hur
- Tidal Flat Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54014, Korea.
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Sun-Ha Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Bon-Won Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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20
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Urbańczyk M, Góra J, Latajka R, Sewald N. Antifreeze glycopeptides: from structure and activity studies to current approaches in chemical synthesis. Amino Acids 2016; 49:209-222. [PMID: 27913993 PMCID: PMC5274654 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze glycopeptides (AFGPs) are a class of biological antifreeze agents found predominantly in Arctic and Antarctic species of fish. They possess the ability to regulate ice nucleation and ice crystal growth, thus creating viable life conditions at temperatures below the freezing point of body fluids. AFGPs usually consist of 4–55 repetitions of the tripeptide unit Ala–Ala–Thr that is O-glycosylated at the threonine side chains with β-d-galactosyl-(1 → 3)-α-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. Due to their interesting properties and high antifreeze activity, they have many potential applications, e.g., in food industry and medicine. Current research is focused towards understanding the relationship between the structural preferences and the activity of the AFGPs, as well as developing time and cost efficient ways of synthesis of this class of molecules. Recent computational studies in conjunction with experimental results from NMR and THz spectroscopies were a possible breakthrough in understanding the mechanism of action of AFGPs. At the moment, as a result of these findings, the focus of research is shifted towards the analysis of behaviour of the hydration shell around AFGPs and the impact of water-dynamics retardation caused by AFGPs on ice crystal growth. In the field of organic synthesis of AFGP analogues, most of the novel protocols are centered around solid-phase peptide synthesis and multiple efforts are made to optimize this approach. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the structure and activity of AFGPs, as well as approaches to organic synthesis of these molecules with focus on the most recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Urbańczyk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Góra
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic Chemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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21
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Carillo S, Casillo A, Pieretti G, Parrilli E, Sannino F, Bayer-Giraldi M, Cosconati S, Novellino E, Ewert M, Deming JW, Lanzetta R, Marino G, Parrilli M, Randazzo A, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM. A unique capsular polysaccharide structure from the psychrophilic marine bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H that mimics antifreeze (glyco)proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:179-89. [PMID: 25525681 DOI: 10.1021/ja5075954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The low temperatures of polar regions and high-altitude environments, especially icy habitats, present challenges for many microorganisms. Their ability to live under subfreezing conditions implies the production of compounds conferring cryotolerance. Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, a γ-proteobacterium isolated from subzero Arctic marine sediments, provides a model for the study of life in cold environments. We report here the identification and detailed molecular primary and secondary structures of capsular polysaccharide from C. psychrerythraea 34H cells. The polymer was isolated in the water layer when cells were extracted by phenol/water and characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy together with chemical analysis. Molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations were also performed. The polysaccharide consists of a tetrasaccharidic repeating unit containing two amino sugars and two uronic acids bearing threonine as substituent. The structural features of this unique polysaccharide resemble those present in antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins. These results suggest a possible correlation between the capsule structure and the ability of C. psychrerythraea to colonize subfreezing marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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22
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Lorv JSH, Rose DR, Glick BR. Bacterial ice crystal controlling proteins. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:976895. [PMID: 24579057 PMCID: PMC3918373 DOI: 10.1155/2014/976895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Across the world, many ice active bacteria utilize ice crystal controlling proteins for aid in freezing tolerance at subzero temperatures. Ice crystal controlling proteins include both antifreeze and ice nucleation proteins. Antifreeze proteins minimize freezing damage by inhibiting growth of large ice crystals, while ice nucleation proteins induce formation of embryonic ice crystals. Although both protein classes have differing functions, these proteins use the same ice binding mechanisms. Rather than direct binding, it is probable that these protein classes create an ice surface prior to ice crystal surface adsorption. Function is differentiated by molecular size of the protein. This paper reviews the similar and different aspects of bacterial antifreeze and ice nucleation proteins, the role of these proteins in freezing tolerance, prevalence of these proteins in psychrophiles, and current mechanisms of protein-ice interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S. H. Lorv
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - David R. Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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23
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Haridas V, Naik S. Natural macromolecular antifreeze agents to synthetic antifreeze agents. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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24
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Optimization of the pilot-scale production of an ice-binding protein by fed-batch culture of Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23203635 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) can bind to the ice crystal and inhibit its growth. Because this property of IBPs can increase the freeze-thaw survival of cells, IBPs have attracted the attention from industries for their potential use in biotechnological applications. However, their use was largely hampered by the lack of the large-scale recombinant production system. In this study, the codon-optimized IBP from Leucosporidium sp. (LeIBP) was constructed and subjected to high-level expression in methylotrophic Pichia pastoris system. In a laboratory-scale fermentation (7 L), the optimal induction temperature and pH were determined to be 25 °C and 6.0, respectively. Further, employing glycerol fed-batch phase prior to methanol induction phase enhanced the production of recombinant LelBP (rLeIBP) by ∼100 mg/l. The total amount of secreted proteins at these conditions (25 °C, pH 6.0, and glycerol fed-batch phase) was ∼443 mg/l, 60 % of which was rLeIBP, yielding ∼272 mg/l. In the pilot-scale fermentation (700 L) under the same conditions, the yield of rLeIBP was 300 mg/l. To our best knowledge, this result reports the highest production yield of the recombinant IBP. More importantly, the rLeIBP secreted into culture media was stable and active for 6 days of fermentation. The thermal hysteresis (TH) activity of rLeIBP was about 0.42 °C, which is almost the same to those reported previously. The availability of large quantities of rLeIBP may accelerate further application studies.
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Carvajal-Rondanelli PA, Marshall SH, Guzman F. Antifreeze glycoprotein agents: structural requirements for activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2507-2510. [PMID: 21725975 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are considered to be the most efficient means to reduce ice damage to cell tissues since they are able to inhibit growth and crystallization of ice. The key element of antifreeze proteins is to act in a non-colligative manner which allows them to function at concentrations 300-500 times lowers than other dissolved solutes. During the past decade, AFGPs have demonstrated tremendous potential for many pharmaceutical and food applications. Presently, the only route to obtain AFGPs involves the time consuming and expensive process of isolation and purification from deep-sea polar fishes. Unfortunately, it is not amenable to mass production and commercial applications. The lack of understanding of the mechanism through which the AFGPs inhibit ice growth has also hampered the realization of industrial and biotechnological applications. Here we report the structural motifs that are essential for antifreeze activity of AFGPs, and propose a unified mechanism based on both recent studies of short alanine peptides and structure activity relationship of synthesized AFGPs.
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Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins are an important class of biological antifreezes that have potential applications in many areas of medicine, agriculture and industry in which ice crystal growth is damaging. While the synthesis of antifreeze glycoproteins as pure glycoforms has recently been achieved by using ligation and polymerisation strategies, the routine production of large quantities of pure glycoforms remains challenging. A range of C-linked analogues that are readily produced by solid-phase synthesis have delivered novel compounds that are not biological antifreezes, but are potent, non-cytotoxic, ice-recrystallisation inhibitors. Structure-activity studies, the identification of cyclic antifreeze glycoproteins and conformational studies have provided further insight into the requirements for antifreeze activity. These results, coupled with significant advances in approaches to the routine synthesis of different glycoproteins and mimics, present opportunities for the design and synthesis of novel ice-growth-inhibiting and antifreeze compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Garner
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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27
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Vidadala SR, Pimpalpalle TM, Linker T, Hotha S. Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of 2-C-Branched Carbohydrates: Mild Glycosidations and Selective Anomerizations. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Shaikh AY, Sureshkumar G, Pati D, Gupta SS, Hotha S. Facile synthesis of unusual glycosyl carbamates and amino acid glycosides from propargyl 1,2-orthoesters as glycosyl donors. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5951-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Neelakanta G, Sultana H, Fish D, Anderson JF, Fikrig E. Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces Ixodes scapularis ticks to express an antifreeze glycoprotein gene that enhances their survival in the cold. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3179-90. [PMID: 20739755 DOI: 10.1172/jci42868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, Ixodes scapularis ticks overwinter in the Northeast and Upper Midwest and transmit the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, among other pathogens. We now show that the presence of A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis ticks increases their ability to survive in the cold. We identified an I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein, designated IAFGP, and demonstrated via RNAi knockdown studies the importance of IAFGP for the survival of I. scapularis ticks in a cold environment. Transfection studies also show that IAFGP increased the viability of yeast cells subjected to cold temperature. Remarkably, A. phagocytophilum induced the expression of iafgp, thereby increasing the cold tolerance and survival of I. scapularis. These data define a molecular basis for symbiosis between a human pathogenic bacterium and its arthropod vector and delineate what we believe to be a new pathway that may be targeted to alter the life cycle of this microbe and its invertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Neelakanta
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8022, USA
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30
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Peltier R, Brimble MA, Wojnar JM, Williams DE, Evans CW, DeVries AL. Synthesis and antifreeze activity of fish antifreeze glycoproteins and their analogues. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Miller N, Williams GM, Brimble MA. Synthesis of Fish Antifreeze Neoglycopeptides Using Microwave-Assisted “Click Chemistry”. Org Lett 2009; 11:2409-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9005536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Venketesh S, Dayananda C. Properties, Potentials, and Prospects of Antifreeze Proteins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:57-82. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550801891152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Schmidt RR, Vankar YD. 2-nitroglycals as powerful glycosyl donors: application in the synthesis of biologically important molecules. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1059-73. [PMID: 18598060 DOI: 10.1021/ar7002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. The biological significance of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is profound and wide-ranging. For example, the mucins have attracted attention because of their role in fundamental cellular processes such as fertilization, parasitic infection, inflammation, immune defense, cell growth, and cell-cell adhesion. Increased expression of mucins is implicated in malignant transformation of cells. Antifreeze glycoproteins also are of interest because they are important for the survival of many marine teleost fishes that live in polar and subpolar waters. The synthesis of glycoconjugates requires methods for glycoside bond formation, the most difficult aspect of which is the assembly of monosaccharide building blocks. This Account discusses a valuable addition to the repertoire of methods for glycoconjugate synthesis: an approach that involves 2-nitroglycal concatenation. For a long time, methods for glycosylation via glycosyl donor generation required either an anomeric oxygen exchange reaction or anomeric oxygen retention. In the case of an anomeric oxygen exchange reaction, activation of the glycosyl donors demands a promoter in at least equimolar amounts. However, anomeric oxygen retention, such as base-catalyzed formation of O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, can be activated by catalytic amounts of acid or Lewis acid. Alternatively, glycals, which are readily available from sugars, can be an attractive starting material for glycoside bond formation. Their nucleophilic character at C-2 permits reactions with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur electrophiles that under high substrate stereocontrol generally lead to three-membered rings; ring opening under acid catalysis furnishes the corresponding glycosides, whichdepending on the electrophile Xare also employed for 2-deoxyglycoside synthesis. Glycals also can be transformed into derivatives that have at C-2 an electron-withdrawing group and are amenable to Michael-type addition. A good example are 2-nitroglycals. In this case, glycoside bond formation is achieved under base catalysis and leads to 2-deoxy-2-nitroglycosides. These intermediates are readily converted into 2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides, which are constituents of almost all glycoconjugates. This 2-nitroglycal concatenation has been extensively investigated with 2-nitrogalactal derivatives. When alcohols are used as nucleophiles and strong bases used as catalysts, the result is primarily or exclusively the alpha-galacto-configured adducts. Some studies show that weaker bases may lead to preferential formation of the beta-galacto-configured products instead. The reaction was very successfully extended to other nucleophiles and also to other 2-nitroglycals that undergo base-catalyzed stereoselective Michael-type additions. Thus, 2-nitroglycals are versatile synthons in glycoconjugate and natural-products synthesis, and it is foreseeable that many more applications will be based on these readily available and highly functionalized skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach M 725, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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34
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Baruch E, Belostotskii AM, Mastai Y. Relationship between the antifreeze activities and the chemical structures of polyols. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Damodaran S. Inhibition of ice crystal growth in ice cream mix by gelatin hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10918-10923. [PMID: 18044830 DOI: 10.1021/jf0724670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of ice crystal growth in ice cream mix by gelatin hydrolysate produced by papain action was studied. The ice crystal growth was monitored by thermal cycling between -14 and -12 degrees C at a rate of one cycle per 3 min. It is shown that the hydrolysate fraction containing peptides in the molecular weight range of about 2000-5000 Da exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on ice crystal growth in ice cream mix, whereas fractions containing peptides greater than 7000 Da did not inhibit ice crystal growth. The size distribution of gelatin peptides formed in the hydrolysate was influenced by the pH of hydrolysis. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for producing peptides with maximum ice crystal growth inhibitory activity was pH 7 at 37 degrees C for 10 min at a papain to gelatin ratio of 1:100. However, this may depend on the type and source of gelatin. The possible mechanism of ice crystal growth inhibition by peptides from gelatin is discussed. Molecular modeling of model gelatin peptides revealed that they form an oxygen triad plane at the C-terminus with oxygen-oxygen distances similar to those found in ice nuclei. Binding of this oxygen triad plane to the prism face of ice nuclei via hydrogen bonding appears to be the mechanism by which gelatin hydrolysate might be inhibiting ice crystal growth in ice cream mix.
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A series of C-linked antifreeze glycoprotein analogues have been prepared to evaluate antifreeze activity as a function of distance between the carbohydrate moiety and polypeptide backbone. The building blocks for these analogues were prepared using either an olefin cross-metathesis or catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation. Analysis of antifreeze protein-specific activity revealed that only analogue 2a (n = 1) was a potent recrystallization inhibitor and thus has potential medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N6N5
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37
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Graether SP, Slupsky CM, Sykes BD. Effect of a mutation on the structure and dynamics of an α-helical antifreeze protein in water and ice. Proteins 2006; 63:603-10. [PMID: 16437556 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One strategy of psychrophilic organisms to survive subzero temperature is to produce antifreeze protein (AFPs), which inhibit the growth of macromolecular ice. To better understand the binding mechanism, the structure and dynamics of several AFPs have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography. The results have shown that different organisms can use diverse structures (alpha-helix, beta-helix, or different globular folds) to achieve the same function. A number of studies have focused on understanding the relationship between the alpha-helical structure of fish type I AFP and its function as an inhibitor of ice growth. The results have not explained whether the 90% activity loss caused by the conservative mutation of two threonines to serines (Thr13Ser/Thr24Ser) is attributable to a change in protein structure in solution or in ice. We examine here the structure and dynamics of the winter flounder type I AFP and the mutant Thr13Ser/Thr24Ser in both solution and solid states using a wide range of NMR approaches. Both proteins remain fully alpha-helical at all temperatures and in ice, demonstrating that the activity change must therefore not be attributable to changes in the protein fold or dynamics but differences in surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen P Graether
- CIHR Group in Protein Structure and Function, Department of Biochemistry and Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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38
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Amir G, Horowitz L, Rubinsky B, Yousif BS, Lavee J, Smolinsky AK. Subzero nonfreezing cryopresevation of rat hearts using antifreeze protein I and antifreeze protein III. Cryobiology 2004; 48:273-82. [PMID: 15157776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether AFPs protect the heart from freezing and improve survival and viability in subzero cryopreservation. Hearts were subject to 5 preservation protocols; University of Wisconsin solution (UW) at 4 degrees C, UW at -1.3 degrees C without nucleation, UW at -1.3 degrees C with nucleation, UW AFP I (15 mg/cm(3)) at -1.3 degrees C with nucleation, and in UW AFP III (15 mg/cm(3)) at -1.3 degrees C with nucleation. Hearts were preserved for 24, 28, and 32 h, rewarmed and connected to the working isolated perfusion system. Data [heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF), and developed pressure (dP)] was collected 30 and 60 min after reperfusion. Hearts preserved at -1.3 degrees C without AFPs froze, while hearts preserved with AFP did not freeze when nucleation was initiated and survived. Survival and dP of hearts preserved for 24h at -1.3 degrees C using AFP III was better than those preserved at 4 degrees C, (dP; 1.4 vs. 0.8, p<0.05). Four of six hearts and six of six hearts died when preserved at 4 degrees C for 28 and 32 h, respectively, all of the hearts that were preserved at -1.3 degrees C with or without AFPs survived after 28 h (n=18) and 32 h (n=18). CF was higher in UW -1.3 degrees C group without attempted nucleation than in AFP I and AFP III groups after 28 and 32 h (3.4 vs. 1.7, p<0.05, and 3.4 vs. 1.7, p<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, AFPs were found to protect the heart from freezing and improve survival and dP (AFP III) in prolonged subzero preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Amir
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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39
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Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) designate a class of proteins that are able to bind to and inhibit the growth of macromolecular ice. These proteins have been characterized from a variety of organisms. Recently, the structures of AFPs from the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) and the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) have been determined by NMR and X-ray crystallography. Despite nonhomologous sequences, both proteins were shown to consist of beta-helices. We review the structures and dynamics data of these two insect AFPs to bring insight into the structure-function relationship and explore their beta-helical architecture. For the spruce budworm protein, the fold is a left-handed beta-helix with 15 residues per coil. The Tenebrio molitor protein consists of a right-handed beta-helix with 12 residues per coil. Mutagenesis and structural studies show that the insect AFPs present a highly rigid array of threonine residues and bound water molecules that can effectively mimic the ice lattice. Comparisons of the newly determined ryegrass and carrot AFP sequences have led to models suggesting that they might also consist of beta-helices, and indicate that the beta-helix might be used as an AFP structural motif in nonfish organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen P Graether
- CIHR Group in Protein Structure and Function, Department of Biochemistry and Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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40
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Liu J, Li Q. A theoretical model on thermal hysteresis activity of the winter flounder protein ‘HPLC-6’. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Nguyen DH, Colvin ME, Yeh Y, Feeney RE, Fink WH. The dynamics, structure, and conformational free energy of proline-containing antifreeze glycoprotein. Biophys J 2002; 82:2892-905. [PMID: 12023212 PMCID: PMC1302077 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent NMR studies of the solution structure of the 14-amino acid antifreeze glycoprotein AFGP-8 have concluded that the molecule lacks long-range order. The implication that an apparently unstructured molecule can still have a very precise function as a freezing inhibitor seems startling at first consideration. To gain insight into the nature of conformations and motions in AFGP-8, we have undertaken molecular dynamics simulations augmented with free energy calculations using a continuum solvation model. Starting from 10 different NMR structures, 20 ns of dynamics of AFGP were explored. The dynamics show that AFGP structure is composed of four segments, joined by very flexible pivots positioned at alanine 5, 8, and 11. The dynamics also show that the presence of prolines in this small AFGP structure facilitates the adoption of the poly-proline II structure as its overall conformation, although AFGP does adopt other conformations during the course of dynamics as well. The free energies calculated using a continuum solvation model show that the lowest free energy conformations, while being energetically equal, are drastically different in conformations. In other words, this AFGP molecule has many structurally distinct and energetically equal minima in its energy landscape. In addition, conformational, energetic, and hydrogen bond analyses suggest that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the N-acetyl group and the protein backbone are an important integral part of the overall stability of the AFGP molecule. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of freezing inhibition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Niemeyer CM. Nanoparticles, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Biotechnology Meets Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:4128-4158. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011119)40:22<4128::aid-anie4128>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2006] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2001] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Eniade A, Murphy AV, Landreau G, Ben RN. A general synthesis of structurally diverse building blocks for preparing analogues of C-linked antifreeze glycoproteins. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:817-23. [PMID: 11562200 DOI: 10.1021/bc0155059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic methodology to afford unusual glycoconjugate building blocks useful for the solid-phase synthesis of C-linked antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) analogues is described. Such compounds are urgently required in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which AFGPs function. All reactions are general in nature and accommodate structural variation in the carbohydrate moiety, polypeptide backbone, and amino acid side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eniade
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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