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Hoang KD, Chen JH, Huang TW, Kang YN, Chen C. Oral aspirin for preventing colorectal adenoma recurrence: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0279784. [PMID: 38483854 PMCID: PMC10939266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenomas have the potential of malignant transformation if left untreated. Multiple randomized controlled trials have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin in preventing colorectal adenoma recurrence in a population with a history of colorectal adenoma but not colorectal cancer, however, the relationship between aspirin dose and colorectal adenoma recurrence remains unclear. We conducted pairwise meta-analysis, meta-regression, trial sequential analysis, and network meta-analysis of all eligible studies. The ROB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies. The confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) approach was used to evaluate the confidence of the network meta-analysis results. The network meta-analysis included eight RCTs (nine reports), comprising four on aspirin (low or high dose) alone and four on aspirin combined with another medication, all compared with placebo. In the network meta-analysis, low-dose aspirin (LDA <300 mg per day) was more effective than high-dose aspirin (HDA ≥300 mg per day) and placebo, with risk ratios of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.99) and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.91), respectively. LDA was the optimal treatment relative to HDA and placebo (P-score = 0.99). In the trial sequential analysis, LDA was only more effective than placebo when the number of included participants exceeded the optimal information size; this was not the case for HDA. LDA has statistically significant efficacy for colorectal adenoma prevention, but compared with HDA, its efficacy remains uncertain. Further trials are therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dinh Hoang
- International Master’s Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Histopathology, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Huang
- School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of the Big Data and Meta-Analysis Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy & Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ojobor CC, O'Brien GM, Siervo M, Ogbonnaya C, Brandt K. Carrot intake is consistently negatively associated with cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38104588 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2287176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Carrots are main dietary sources of several potential anti-cancer compounds, including polyacetylenes, while β-carotene has shown no benefits in controlled cancer trials. Accordingly, associations between carrot intake and cancer incidence were quantified, where necessary using α-carotene as a non-causal biomarker of carrot consumption, by searching for studies published before June 2022 reporting risk estimates for relationships of cancer incidence with carrot intake or α-carotene intake or α-carotene plasma concentration, supplemented with hand searches of included studies and reviews. Meta-analyses comparing highest and lowest reported intakes in prospective studies using a random-effects model estimated summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for carrot intake or α-carotene plasma concentration, and the corresponding dose-responses. Of 198 observational studies, in 50 prospective studies with 52000 cases recording carrot intake, the cancer-risk was substantially reduced (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94, p ˂ 0·00004). In 30 prospective studies with 9331 cases reporting plasma α-carotene levels, summary RR was 0.80 (0.72-0.89, p ˂ 0·00006). For both exposure types, inter-study heterogeneity was moderate, interaction with cancer types insignificant, and the dose-response significant (p ˂ 0·01). In conclusion, carrot consumption is robustly associated with decreased cancer-risk; carrot consumption should be encouraged, and the causal mechanisms further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Ojobor
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerard M O'Brien
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chibueze Ogbonnaya
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ruiz-Saavedra S, Zapico A, González S, Salazar N, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Role of the intestinal microbiota and diet in the onset and progression of colorectal and breast cancers and the interconnection between both types of tumours. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 3:6. [PMID: 38455079 PMCID: PMC10917624 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of mortality in adults of both sexes worldwide, while breast cancer (BC) is among the leading causes of death in women. In addition to age, gender, and genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors exert a strong influence. Global diet, including alcohol consumption, is one of the most important modifiable factors affecting the risk of CRC and BC. Western dietary patterns promoting high intakes of xenobiotics from food processing and ethanol have been associated with increased cancer risk, whereas the Mediterranean diet, generally leading to a higher intake of polyphenols and fibre, has been associated with a protective effect. Gut dysbiosis is a common feature in CRC, where the usual microbiota is progressively replaced by opportunistic pathogens and the gut metabolome is altered. The relationship between microbiota and BC has been less studied. The estrobolome is the collection of genes from intestinal bacteria that can metabolize oestrogens. In a dysbiosis condition, microbial deconjugating enzymes can reactivate conjugated-deactivated oestrogens, increasing the risk of BC. In contrast, intestinal microorganisms can increase the biological activity and bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through diverse microbial metabolic transformations, potentiating their anticancer activity. Members of the intestinal microbiota can increase the toxicity of xenobiotics through metabolic transformations. However, most of the microorganisms involved in diet-microbiota interactions remain poorly characterized. Here, we provide an overview of the associations between microbiota and diet in BC and CRC, considering the diverse types and heterogeneity of these cancers and their relationship between them and with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Aida Zapico
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
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Ramezanzade Tabriz E, Ramezani M, Heydari A, Aledavood SA. Health-Promoting Lifestyle among the Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: An Integrative Review. J Caring Sci 2023; 12:201-210. [PMID: 38020738 PMCID: PMC10663441 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2023.31768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) among the survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential to reduce CRC complications, prevent its recurrence, and improve survival. Nonetheless, there is no comprehensive definition for the concept of HPL in CRC survivors. This study aimed to define the concept of HPL among CRC survivors based on the existing literature. Methods This integrative review was conducted in 2021 using Whittemore and Knafl's method. The national and international databases of SID, Magiran, ProQuest, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the data were analyzed using the four-step approach proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. Results After data evaluation, 167 documents were included in final analysis. In total, 1863 codes were generated and categorized into eighteen main categories and the three main themes of antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Accordingly, HPL among CRC survivors was defined as "a set of behaviors in the areas of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, psychological management, and interpersonal relations which are affected by socio-demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, psychological status, physical conditions, time and place limitations, and patient education, and lead to better disease prognosis, better general health status, better bio-psycho-social status, and better quality of life". Conclusion The definition of HPL among CRC survivors provided in the present study can be used in counseling, educational, supportive, and care programs for CRC survivors in order to improve their quality of life and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ramezanzade Tabriz
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monir Ramezani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Heydari
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The Impact of Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Supplements and Yogurt Consumption on the Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia among Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224937. [PMID: 36432622 PMCID: PMC9697560 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation and yogurt consumption (a probiotic food) alter gut microbial diversity, which may influence colorectal carcinogenesis. This systematic review evaluates the existing literature on the effect of these nutritional supplements and yogurt consumption on colorectal neoplasia incidence among adults. We systematically identified ten randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults age ≥ 18 without baseline gastrointestinal disease. Prebiotics included inulin, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, and β-glucans. Probiotics included bacterial strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Escherichia coli. Synbiotic supplements, a mixture of both prebiotic and probiotic supplements, and yogurt, a commonly consumed dietary source of live microbes, were also included. We defined colorectal neoplasia as colorectal adenomas, sessile serrated polyps, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Overall, findings suggest a moderate decrease in risk of adenoma and CRC for high levels of yogurt consumption compared to low or no consumption. Prebiotic supplementation was not associated with colorectal neoplasia risk. There was some evidence that probiotic supplementation may be associated with lower risk of adenomas but not with CRC incidence. Higher yogurt consumption may be associated with lower incidence of colorectal neoplasia. We found little evidence to suggest that prebiotic or probiotic supplements are associated with significant decreases in CRC occurrence.
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Stadelmaier J, Roux I, Petropoulou M, Schwingshackl L. Empirical evidence of study design biases in nutrition randomised controlled trials: a meta-epidemiological study. BMC Med 2022; 20:330. [PMID: 36217133 PMCID: PMC9552513 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instruments to critically appraise randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are based on evidence from meta-epidemiological studies. We aim to conduct a meta-epidemiological study on the average bias associated with reported methodological trial characteristics such as random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and compliance of RCTs in nutrition research. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, for systematic reviews of RCTs, published between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. We combined the estimates of the average bias (e.g. ratio of risk ratios [RRR] or differences in standardised mean differences) in meta-analyses using the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the potential differences among the RCTs with low versus high/unclear risk of bias with respect to the different types of interventions (e.g. micronutrients, fatty acids, dietary approach), outcomes (e.g. mortality, pregnancy outcomes), and type of outcome (objective, subjective). Heterogeneity was assessed through I2 and τ2, and prediction intervals were calculated. RESULTS We included 27 Cochrane nutrition reviews with 77 meta-analyses (n = 927 RCTs). The available evidence suggests that intervention effect estimates may not be exaggerated in RCTs with high/unclear risk of bias (versus low) judgement for sequence generation (RRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.02; I2 = 28%; τ2 = 0.002), allocation concealment (RRR 1.00, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.04; I2 = 27%; τ2 = 0.001), blinding of participants and personnel (RRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.00; I2 = 23%; τ2 = 0), selective reporting (RRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.02; I2 = 24%; τ2 = 0), and compliance (RRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.02; I2 = 0%; τ2 = 0). Intervention effect estimates seemed to be exaggerated in RCTs with a high/unclear risk of bias judgement for blinding of outcome assessment (RRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.94; I2 = 26%; τ2 = 0.03), which was predominately driven by subjective outcomes, and incomplete outcome data (RRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97; I2 = 22%; τ2 = 0.001). For continuous outcomes, no differences were observed, except for selective reporting. CONCLUSIONS On average, most characteristics of nutrition RCTs may not exaggerate intervention effect estimates, but the average bias appears to be greatest in trials of subjective outcomes. Replication of this study is suggested in this field to keep this conclusion updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stadelmaier
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Roux
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Petropoulou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Development of Functional Fermented Dairy Products Containing Taiwan Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) in Regulating Glucose Utilization. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a plant native to Taiwan and is a grain rich in nutrients, vitamins, and minerals with antioxidant properties. This paper aimed to use appropriate processing technology and incorporate probiotics, thus combining Taiwan’s high-quality milk sources to develop Taiwan djulis fermented dairy products. Later, FL83B cells have used to evaluate the glucose utilization ability after the administration of djulis. We first screened Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and combined it with the traditional yogurt strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus for cultivation. Further, the fermentation process was optimized where 7.5% djulis and an inoculum of 107 colony forming unit/mL were fermented at 40 °C for 18 h. Compared to fermented milk without djulis, the analysis of various nutrients and active ingredients showed that free radical scavenging abilities of DPPH and ABTS reached 2.3 and 2.0 times (752.35 ± 29.29 µg and 771.52 ± 3.79 µg TE/g, respectively). The free phenol content increased 2.5 times (169.90 ± 14.59 mg gallic acid/g); the total flavonoid content enhanced 4.8 times (3.05 ± 0.03 mg quercetin/g), and the gamma-aminobutyric acid content was 3.07 ± 0.94 mg/g. In a co-culture of mouse liver cells with fermented products, 100 ppm ethanol extract of fermented products effectively improved glucose utilization with increased glucose transporter expression. This functional fermented dairy product can be developed into the high value added local agricultural products and enhance multiple applications including medical and therapeutic fields.
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Lv L, Sun X, Liu B, Song J, Wu DJH, Gao Y, Li A, Hu X, Mao Y, Ye D. Genetically Predicted Serum Albumin and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:771-778. [PMID: 35761866 PMCID: PMC9233496 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s367547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third–most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. Studies have linked low serum albumin with increased risk of CRC, but the causal nature of the association remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the potential causal relationship using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Instrumental variants for albumin were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 102,223 Eastern Asian participants to investigate the effect of albumin on CRC. Summary statistics of CRC were obtained from a GWAS on 7,062 CRC cases and 195,745 controls of Eastern Asian ancestry. Bidirectional MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting (IVW) for primary analysis, supplemented with a maximum likelihood–based method, MR-PRESSO test, leave-one-out analysis, and MR-Egger regression. Stratification analyses were further performed. Results We found that genetically predicted serum albumin per unit was associated with a lower risk of CRC (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.95 with IVW). No evidence of pleiotropy was observed. Sex-stratified MR analysis showed that serum albumin was inversely associated with risk of CRC in men (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.96), but not in women (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.55–1.19) using IVW. Reverse MR analysis suggested a genetic predisposition toward CRC was not associated with serum albumin. Conclusion Our study revealed a suggestive sex disparity in the effect of albumin, which deserves further exploration of the potential biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshuoshuo Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - David J H Wu
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aole Li
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ding Ye; Yingying Mao, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-571-8663-3305, Email ;
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Kamal N, Ilowefah MA, Hilles AR, Anua NA, Awin T, Alshwyeh HA, Aldosary SK, Jambocus NGS, Alosaimi AA, Rahman A, Mahmood S, Mediani A. Genesis and Mechanism of Some Cancer Types and an Overview on the Role of Diet and Nutrition in Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:1794. [PMID: 35335158 PMCID: PMC8955916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease with a high mortality rate worldwide. In many countries, cancer is considered to be the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The clinical management of cancer continues to be a challenge as conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have limitations due to their toxicity profiles. Unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits are the key risk factors for cancer; having a healthy diet and lifestyle may minimize the risk. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high fruit and vegetable intake in our regular diet can effectively reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancers due to the high contents of antioxidants and phytochemicals. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phytochemicals exert significant anticancer effects due to their free radical scavenging capacity potential. There has been extensive research on the protective effects of phytochemicals in different types of cancers. This review attempts to give an overview of the etiology of different types of cancers and assesses the role of phytonutrients in the prevention of cancers, which makes the present review distinct from the others available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurkhalida Kamal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Muna Abdulsalam Ilowefah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sabha University, Sabha 00218, Libya;
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Adlina Anua
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Tahani Awin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Qar Yunis, Benghazi 5341, Libya;
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.K.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Khamees Aldosary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Najla Gooda Sahib Jambocus
- Ministry of Education, Tertiary Education, Science and Technology, MITD House, Phoenix 73544, Mauritius;
| | - Areej A. Alosaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (S.K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.K.); (N.A.A.)
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Min J, Lee DW, Kang MY, Myong JP, Kim HR, Lee J. Working for Long Hours Is Associated With Dietary Fiber Insufficiency. Front Nutr 2022; 9:786569. [PMID: 35252290 PMCID: PMC8894176 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.786569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that long working hours are associated with various diseases through dietary patterns. However, few studies have reported the association between working hours and dietary habits. Thus, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore the difference in dietary fiber intake by working hours. Data of a total of 10,760 workers in South Korea who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES), a nation-wide survey, were analyzed to determine different distributions of dietary fiber insufficiency using multiple logistic regression models. Fiber insufficiency proportion was different from working hour groups. 70.1% of the total population eat fiber insufficiently. Working <40 h group showed 66.8% of fiber insufficiency. But working more than 52 h group marked 73.2% of fiber insufficiency. Logistic regression analysis of 10,760 nation-wide study participants revealed that working for 41–52 h a week (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.18–1.47) and working for over 52 h a week (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.25–1.62) were significantly associated with insufficient fiber intake compared to workers with standard working hours (30–40 h a week). These associations were still robust in an adjusted model, with working for 41–52 h a week (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.27) and working for over 52 h (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.45) showing high associations with dietary fiber insufficiency. Those with long working hours tend to have insufficient intake of dietary fiber. To promote desirable dietary habits, intervention programs on working conditions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehee Min
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Myong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Guiomar de Almeida Brasiel P, Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti S, Dutra Medeiros J, Otavio do Amaral Corrêa J, Barbosa Ferreira Machado A, Paula Boroni Moreira A, Novaes Rocha V, Teodoro de Souza C, do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio M. Kefir modulates gut microbiota and reduces DMH-associated colorectal cancer via regulation of intestinal inflammation in adulthood offsprings programmed by neonatal overfeeding. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110708. [PMID: 35181109 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, and colorectal cancer risk. The anti-cancer effects of kefir are highlighted. Here, lactating Wistar rats were divided into: Normal litter (NL); Kefir normal litter (KNL); Small litter (SL); Kefir small litter (KSL). The NL and SL groups received 1 mL of water/day; KNL and KSL received kefir milk daily (108 CFU/mL) during lactation. After weaning, the pups continued to receive the same treatments until 60 days. At 67 days old, colorectal carcinogenesis was induced through intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. At 240 days, visceral adipose tissue was higher in SL compared to NL, KNL, and KSL. Kefir intake was found to suppress the number of tumors in both KNL and KSL groups (-100% and -71.43%; p < 0.01, respectively). IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO levels in the colon were higher in the NL and SL compared to the KNL and KSL. The gut microbiota in cecal samples of SL was enriched with Alloprevotella, Acinetobacter, and Bacteroides. In contrast, the cecal contents of KSL and KNL were higher Romboutsia. Thus, neonatal overfeeding leads to greater adiposity, inflammation and number of colon tumors in adulthood. Early-life nutrition based on kefir reverted these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julliane Dutra Medeiros
- Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Mato Grosso State University, Alta Floresta, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vinícius Novaes Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudio Teodoro de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rew L, Harris MD, Goldie J. The ketogenic diet: its impact on human gut microbiota and potential consequent health outcomes: a systematic literature review. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:326-342. [PMID: 36762214 PMCID: PMC9876773 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i4.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim This systematic review examined the diet's impact on the human gut microbiota to identify potential consequent health outcomes. Background The extreme macronutrient profile of the ketogenic diet (KD) instigates compositional shifts in the gut's microbial community. Methods In this systematic literature review, an evidence-based and methodical approach was undertaken, which involved systematic searches of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, generating a total of 263 relevant research papers. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight papers were deemed suitable for inclusion. These papers were critically appraised using a checklist tool adapted from the National Institute of Care and Excellence (NICE). The findings were analysed using a simplified thematic analysis. Results The results provide strong evidence for a persistent reduction in Bifidobacterium abundance following KD adherence. A reduced abundance of key Firmicutes butyrate-producing bacteria was found to be a likely impact, although two studies with extended intervention periods indicate this may be time-limited. Studies investigating short-chain fatty acids (SCFA's) indicate KD reduces total faecal SCFA's, acetate, and butyrate. Conclusion Changes to microbial communities resulting from KD adherence are potentially detrimental to colonic health. The persistent reduction in Bifidobacterium abundance was concerning, with obesity, type-2 diabetes, and depression highlighted as potential consequent risks. For nutrition and healthcare professionals, the findings emphasize the importance of considering KDs microbial effects and resulting health implications at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslyn Rew
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda D Harris
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Goldie
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
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Red Quinoa Bran Extract Prevented Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Increasing Antioxidative System and Repressing Fatty Acid Synthesis Factors in Mice Fed Alcohol Liquid Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226973. [PMID: 34834064 PMCID: PMC8624810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is metabolized in liver. Chronic alcohol abuse results in alcohol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Red quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum) was a traditional staple food for Taiwanese aborigines. Red quinoa bran (RQB) included strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compounds, but it was usually regarded as the agricultural waste. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of water and ethanol extraction products of RQB on the prevention of liquid alcoholic diet-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mice were given whole grain powder of red quinoa (RQ-P), RQB ethanol extract (RQB-E), RQB water extract (RQB-W), and rutin orally for 6 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that RQB-E, RQB-W, and rutin decreased alcoholic diet-induced activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hepatic triglyceride. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissues showed that RQB-E and RQB-W reduced lipid droplet accumulation and liver injury. However, ethanol extraction process can gain high rutin and antioxidative agents contents from red quinoa, that showed strong effects in preventing alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver injury via increasing superoxide dismutase/catalase antioxidative system and repressing the expressions of fatty acid synthesis enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
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Tabriz ER, Ramezani M, Heydari A, Aledavood SA. Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences and Perspectives of Colorectal Cancer Survivors and Healthcare Providers. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:696-710. [PMID: 34790854 PMCID: PMC8522596 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon-2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the experiences of survivors and healthcare providers about health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors is important in planning for coping with the disease, managing treatment side effects, increasing survival, and improving quality of life (QOL). This study was conducted to explore the experiences and perspectives of CRC survivors and healthcare providers about HPL in CRC survivors. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study was performed in 2020 at Omid and Imam Reza Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. Participants were CRC survivors (n = 12) and healthcare providers (n = 33) who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interview by face to face and then analyzed by Zhang and Wildemuth content analysis method. MaxQDA software was used to organize the data. RESULTS Following the treatment of cancer, CRC survivors seek to make changes in lifestyle and they choose a HPL that maintains or improves their health. HPL in CRC survivors includes nutrition, activity and rest, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, spiritual growth, and psychological management. The results showed that HPL can lead to motivation, the ability to self-care and improve daily performance, reduce treatment complications, and increase the QOL. CONCLUSIONS CRC survivors can help change their lifestyle patterns with healthy eating, treatment adherence, regular physical activity, and good sleep habits. Furthermore, effective personal and social relationships, spiritual growth, and management of psychological disorders develop health-promoting behaviors in them. CRC survivors also face challenges and limitations in their life after treatment; identifying the components of a HPL in CRC survivors can lead to desirable care, treatment, education, and counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ramezanzade Tabriz
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monir Ramezani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Heydari
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Aledavood
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Schwingshackl L, Balduzzi S, Beyerbach J, Bröckelmann N, Werner SS, Zähringer J, Nagavci B, Meerpohl JJ. Evaluating agreement between bodies of evidence from randomised controlled trials and cohort studies in nutrition research: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ 2021; 374:n1864. [PMID: 34526355 PMCID: PMC8441535 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the agreement between diet-disease effect estimates of bodies of evidence from randomised controlled trials and those from cohort studies in nutrition research, and to investigate potential factors for disagreement. DESIGN Meta-epidemiological study. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Medline. REVIEW METHODS Population, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome (PI/ECO) elements from a body of evidence from cohort studies (BoE(CS)) were matched with corresponding elements of a body of evidence from randomised controlled trials (BoE(RCT)). Pooled ratio of risk ratios or difference of mean differences across all diet-disease outcome pairs were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore factors for disagreement. Heterogeneity was assessed through I2 and τ2. Prediction intervals were calculated to assess the range of possible values for the difference in the results between evidence from randomised controlled trials and evidence from cohort studies in future comparisons. RESULTS 97 diet-disease outcome pairs (that is, matched BoE(RCT) and BoE(CS)) were identified overall. For binary outcomes, the pooled ratio of risk ratios comparing estimates from BoE(RCT) with BoE(CS) was 1.09 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.14; I2=68%; τ2=0.021; 95% prediction interval 0.81 to 1.46). The prediction interval indicated that the difference could be much more substantial, in either direction. We further explored heterogeneity and found that PI/ECO dissimilarities, especially for the comparisons of dietary supplements in randomised controlled trials and nutrient status in cohort studies, explained most of the differences. When the type of intake or exposure between both types of evidence was identical, the estimates were similar. For continuous outcomes, small differences were observed between randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. CONCLUSION On average, the difference in pooled results between estimates from BoE(RCT) and BoE(CS) was small. But wide prediction intervals and some substantial statistical heterogeneity in cohort studies indicate that important differences or potential bias in individual comparisons or studies cannot be excluded. Observed differences were mainly driven by dissimilarities in population, intervention or exposure, comparator, and outcome. These findings could help researchers further understand the integration of such evidence into prospective nutrition evidence syntheses and improve evidence based dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Balduzzi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Beyerbach
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Bröckelmann
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah S Werner
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Zähringer
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Blin Nagavci
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
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Aldaya MM, Ibañez FC, Domínguez-Lacueva P, Murillo-Arbizu MT, Rubio-Varas M, Soret B, Beriain MJ. Indicators and Recommendations for Assessing Sustainable Healthy Diets. Foods 2021; 10:999. [PMID: 34063236 PMCID: PMC8147455 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research coupling human nutrition and sustainability concerns is a rapidly developing field, which is essential to guide governments' policies. This critical and comprehensive review analyzes indicators and approaches to "sustainable healthy diets" published in the literature since this discipline's emergence a few years ago, identifying robust gauges and highlighting the flaws of the most commonly used models. The reviewed studies largely focus on one or two domains such as greenhouse gas emissions or water use, while overlooking potential impact shifts to other sectors or resources. The present study covers a comprehensive set of indicators from the health, environmental and socio-economic viewpoints. This assessment concludes that in order to identify the best food option in sustainability assessments and nutrition analysis of diets, some aspects such as the classification and disaggregation of food groups, the impacts of the rates of local food consumption and seasonality, preservation methods, agrobiodiversity and organic food and different production systems, together with consequences for low-income countries, require further analysis and consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite M. Aldaya
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Francisco C. Ibañez
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | | | - María Teresa Murillo-Arbizu
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Mar Rubio-Varas
- Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Soret
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - María José Beriain
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
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Yu L, Li N, Zhang XM, Wang T, Chen W. Analysis of 234 cases of colorectal polyps treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5180-5187. [PMID: 33269254 PMCID: PMC7674734 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i21.5180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps refer to all neoplasms that protrude into the intestinal cavity. Researchers believe that 50%-70% of colorectal cancers originate from adenomatous polyps.
AIM To investigate the endoscopic morphologic features, pathologic types, and clinical situation; evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR); and guide clinicians in their daily practice.
METHODS Two hundred thirty-four patients who underwent EMR in our hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were recruited. Data including sex, age, endoscopic morphology of the polyps, and pathological characteristics were analyzed among groups.
RESULTS A total of 295 polyps were resected from the 234 subjects enrolled in the study, of which 4 (1.36%) were Yamada type I. There were 75 (25.42%) type II, 101 (34.24%) type III, and 115 (38.98%) type IV adenomas. Among them, 41 were non-adenomas, 110 were low-risk adenomas, 139 were high-risk adenomas, and 5 were carcinomas. The differences in distribution were not statistically significant, with P values greater than 0.05. The risk of cancer significantly increased for polyps ≥ 1 cm in diameter (c2 = 199.825, P = 0.00). Regarding the endoscopic morphological features, congestion, erosion, and lobulation were more common on the surface morphology of high-risk adenomas and cancerous polyps (c2 = 75.257, P = 0.00), and most of them were Yamada types III and IV. In all, 6 of the 295 polyps could not be removed completely, with a one-time resection rate of 97.97%. There were two cases of postoperative bleeding and no cases of perforation, with an overall complication rate of 0.09%.
CONCLUSION Colorectal polyps ranging from non-adenomatous polyps, low-risk adenomas, and high-risk adenomas to adenocarcinomas each has their own endoscopic features, while EMR, as a mature intervention, has good safety and operability and should be promoted clinically, especially at the primary care level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maanshan Central Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maanshan Central Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maanshan Central Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maanshan Central Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
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18
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The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103209. [PMID: 33096647 PMCID: PMC7589116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary fibre consists of non-digestible forms of carbohydrate, usually as polysaccharides that originate from plant-based foods. Over recent decades, our diet within Westernised societies has changed radically from that of our hominid ancestors, with implications for our co-evolved gut microbiota. This includes increased ingestion of ultra-processed foods that are typically impoverished of dietary fibre, and associated reduction in the intake of fibre-replete plant-based foods. Over recent decades, there has been a transformation in our understanding of the health benefits of dietary fibre. Objective: To explore the current medical literature on the health benefits of dietary fibre, with a focus on overall metabolic health. Data Sources: We performed a narrative review, based on relevant articles written in English from a PubMed search, using the terms ‘dietary fibre and metabolic health’. Results: In the Western world, our diets are impoverished of fibre. Dietary fibre intake associates with overall metabolic health (through key pathways that include insulin sensitivity) and a variety of other pathologies that include cardiovascular disease, colonic health, gut motility and risk for colorectal carcinoma. Dietary fibre intake also correlates with mortality. The gut microflora functions as an important mediator of the beneficial effects of dietary fibre, including the regulation of appetite, metabolic processes and chronic inflammatory pathways. Conclusions: Multiple factors contribute to our fibre-impoverished modern diet. Given the plethora of scientific evidence that corroborate the multiple and varied health benefits of dietary fibre, and the risks associated with a diet that lacks fibre, the optimization of fibre within our diets represents an important public health strategy to improve both metabolic and overall health. If implemented successfully, this strategy would likely result in substantial future health benefits for the population.
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Hospital-Based Preliminary Observations of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Saudi Patients with Colorectal Polyps: A Call for Nutrition Care Integration after Polypectomy Procedure. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. Lifestyle modification, including diet and physical activity, is as important as the standard procedure of colonoscopy screening in reducing CRC development. I explored the dietary intake, physical activity, and selected nutritional biomarkers in Saudi patients with colorectal polyps, a precursor of CRC. Methods: Thirty polypectomy patients (aged 35–84 years) were recruited from an endoscopy unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Demographic, anthropometric, physical activity, and food frequency data were collected. Plasma C-reactive protein, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and folate levels were measured. Results: The median body mass index (BMI) of the patients was within the overweight cut-off range. The median consumption of carbohydrate and protein was within the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Median fat consumption was above the RDA, while median fiber intake was below the RDA. Patients met the recommended servings/day of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and protein but exceeded the recommended intake of fats and sweets. Most patients were non-active, with an inadequate level of serum vitamin D. Conclusion: We observed several risk factors previously associated with CRC, including low levels of physical activity, serum vitamin D, and fiber intake, and high BMI and fat intake among polypectomy patients.
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Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to describe how human physiology at very low carbohydrate intakes relates to the criteria for nutritional essentiality. Although we did not limit ourselves to one particular type or function of carbohydrates, we did primarily focus on glucose utilisation as that function was used to determine the recommended daily allowance. In the general population, the human body is able to endogenously synthesise carbohydrates, and does not show signs of deficiency in the absence of dietary carbohydrates. However, in certain genetic defects, such as glycogen storage disease type I, absence of dietary carbohydrates causes abnormalities that are resolved with dietary supplementation of carbohydrates. Therefore, dietary carbohydrates may be defined as conditionally essential nutrients because they are nutrients that are not required in the diet for the general population but are required for specific subpopulations. Ketosis may be considered a physiological normal state due to its occurrence in infants in addition to at very low carbohydrate intakes. Although sources of dietary carbohydrates can provide beneficial micronutrients, no signs of micronutrient deficiencies have been reported in clinical trials of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets. Nonetheless, more research is needed on how micronutrient requirements can change depending on the dietary and metabolic context. More research is also needed on the role of dietary fibre during a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet as the beneficial effects of dietary fibre were determined on a standard diet and several studies have shown beneficial effects of decreasing non-digestible carbohydrates.
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21
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O'Keefe SJ. The association between dietary fibre deficiency and high-income lifestyle-associated diseases: Burkitt's hypothesis revisited. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:984-996. [PMID: 31696832 PMCID: PMC6944853 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1969, Denis Burkitt published an article titled "Related disease-related cause?", which became the foundation for Burkitt's hypothesis. Working in Uganda, he noted that middle-aged people (40-60 years old) had a much lower incidence of diseases that were common in similarly aged people living in England, including colon cancer, diverticulitis, appendicitis, hernias, varicose veins, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and asthma, all of which are associated with lifestyles commonly led in high-income countries (HICs; also known as western diseases). Following Cleave's common cause hypothesis-which suggests that if a group of diseases occur together in the same population or individual, they are likely to have a common cause-Burkitt attributed these diseases to the small quantities of dietary fibre consumed in HICs due mainly to the over-processing of natural foods. Nowadays, dietary fibre intake in HICs is around 15 g/day (well below the amount of fibre Burkitt advocated of >50 g/day-which is associated with diets from rural, southern and eastern sub-Sahalean Africa). Since Burkitt's death in 1993, his hypothesis has been verified and extended by large-scale epidemiological studies, which have reported that fibre deficiency increases the risk of colon, liver, and breast cancer and increases all cancer mortality and death from cardiovascular, infectious, and respiratory diseases, diabetes, and all non-cardiovascular, non-cancer causes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have now provided molecular explanations for these associations, typified by the role of short-chain fatty acids, products of fibre fermentation in the colon, in suppressing colonic mucosal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Evidence suggests that short-chain fatty acids can affect the epigenome through metabolic regulatory receptors in distant organs, and that this can reduce obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, allergy, and cancer. Diseases associated with high-income lifestyles are the most serious threat to health in developed countries, and public and governmental awareness needs to be improved to urge an increase in intake of fibre-rich foods. This Viewpoint will summarise the evidence that suggests that increasing dietary fibre intake to 50 g/day is likely to increase lifespan, improve the quality of life during the added years, and substantially reduce health-care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; African Microbiome Institute, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Hijová E, Bertková I, Štofilová J. Dietary fibre as prebiotics in nutrition. Cent Eur J Public Health 2019; 27:251-255. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A healthy lifestyle pattern has a protective association with colorectal polyps. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:328-337. [PMID: 31363175 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is associated with lifestyle characteristics such as diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and smoking, but these are not incorporated in screening recommendations. Moreover, the joint association of these factors with various colorectal polyps is not established. METHODS A case-control study, among consecutive subjects aged 40-70 years, undergoing colonoscopy. Cases with colorectal polyps were compared with controls. Detailed information was gathered regarding polyp histology and anatomic location, demographics, medical history, anthropometrics, and lifestyle. The healthy lifestyle index was estimated as the sum of: non-smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, healthy diet, and physical activity. RESULTS A total of 788 participants were included (cases n = 403, controls n = 385). The healthy lifestyle index had a negative association with colorectal polyps (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.62-0.85, P < 0.001), both adenomas and serrated polyps (OR = 0.75, 0.64-0.89, and OR = 0.59, 0.44-0.79, respectively), and both proximal and distal adenomas (OR = 0.77, 0.62-0.95, and OR = 0.73, 0.59-0.90, respectively). Adherence to ≥ 2 healthy lifestyle components was strongly related with colorectal polyps (OR = 0.50, 0.34-0.75, P = 0.001). Abstinence from smoking, and a healthy diet were the factors most strongly associated with lower odds of colorectal polyps (OR = 0.58, 0.42-0.79, and OR = 0.61, 0.44-0.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a healthy lifestyle (≥2 healthy lifestyle components) is inversely associated with colorectal polyps, especially serrated and distal polyps, with no dose-response association. Components most strongly associated with lower odds of colorectal polyps were maintaining a healthy diet and abstinence from smoking. Lifestyle-related characteristics may assist in risk stratification and are potential goals for colorectal neoplasia prevention.
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Sze MA, Topçuoğlu BD, Lesniak NA, Ruffin MT, Schloss PD. Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Not Predictive of Colonic Tumor Status and Cannot Be Predicted Based on Bacterial Community Structure. mBio 2019; 10:e01454-19. [PMID: 31266879 PMCID: PMC6606814 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01454-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic bacterial populations are thought to have a role in the development of colorectal cancer with some protecting against inflammation and others exacerbating inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and are produced in large quantities by colonic bacteria that produce SCFAs by fermenting fiber. We assessed whether there was an association between fecal SCFA concentrations and the presence of colonic adenomas or carcinomas in a cohort of individuals using 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic shotgun sequence data. We measured the fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate within the cohort and found that there were no significant associations between SCFA concentration and tumor status. When we incorporated these concentrations into random forest classification models trained to differentiate between people with healthy colons and those with adenomas or carcinomas, we found that they did not significantly improve the ability of 16S rRNA gene or metagenomic gene sequence-based models to classify individuals. Finally, we generated random forest regression models trained to predict the concentration of each SCFA based on 16S rRNA gene or metagenomic gene sequence data from the same samples. These models performed poorly and were able to explain at most 14% of the observed variation in the SCFA concentrations. These results support the broader epidemiological data that questions the value of fiber consumption for reducing the risks of colorectal cancer. Although other bacterial metabolites may serve as biomarkers to detect adenomas or carcinomas, fecal SCFA concentrations have limited predictive power.IMPORTANCE Considering that colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer-related cause of death within the United States, it is important to detect colorectal tumors early and to prevent the formation of tumors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are often used as a surrogate for measuring gut health and for being anticarcinogenic because of their anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated the fecal SCFA concentrations of a cohort of individuals with different colonic tumor burdens who were previously analyzed to identify microbiome-based biomarkers of tumors. We were unable to find an association between SCFA concentration and tumor burden or use SCFAs to improve our microbiome-based models of classifying people based on their tumor status. Furthermore, we were unable to find an association between the fecal community structure and SCFA concentrations. Our results indicate that the association between fecal SCFAs, the gut microbiome, and tumor burden is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Sze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Begüm D Topçuoğlu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas A Lesniak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mack T Ruffin
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick D Schloss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Notarnicola M, Caruso MG, Tutino V, De Nunzio V, Gigante I, De Leonardis G, Veronese N, Rotolo O, Reddavide R, Stasi E, Miraglia C, Nouvenne A, Meschi T, De' Angelis GL, Di Mario F, Leandro G. Nutrition and lipidomic profile in colorectal cancers. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:87-96. [PMID: 30561400 PMCID: PMC6502197 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i9-s.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a healthy diet has been reported to be essential for the primary prevention of colorectal cancer, through a reduction of tissue inflammation, a low concentration of circulating lipoproteins and lower levels of serum cholesterol. Since an altered expression of the fatty acids pattern has been demonstrated to be a crucial event in colorectal carcinogenesis, lipidomic analysis is considered able to identify early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of complex diseases such as colorectal cancer. METHODS cell membrane fatty acid profile and serum lipoproteins pattern were evaluated by gas chromatography and electrophoresis method respectively. RESULTS There is a close association between diet and lipidomic profile in colorectal cancer, both in pre-clinical and clinical studies. A modified serum lipoproteins pattern has been demonstrated to be predominant in intestinal tumors. CONCLUSIONS The study of fatty acids profile in cell membrane and the evaluation of serum lipoproteins subfractions could be useful to have an integrate vision on the interactions between lipids and the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and to understand the mechanisms of action and the consequences of these interactions on human health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O'Grady
- Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Alexander JL, Scott AJ, Pouncey AL, Marchesi J, Kinross J, Teare J. Colorectal carcinogenesis: an archetype of gut microbiota-host interaction. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:865. [PMID: 30263056 PMCID: PMC6145524 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of worldwide mortality. Epidemiological evidence of markedly increased risk in populations that migrate to Western countries, or adopt their lifestyle, suggests that CRC is a disease whose aetiology is defined primarily by interactions between the host and his environment. The gut microbiome sits directly at this interface and is now increasingly recognised as a modulator of colorectal carcinogenesis. Bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli (E. Coli) are found in abundance in patients with CRC and have been shown in experimental studies to promote neoplasia. A whole armamentarium of bacteria-derived oncogenic mechanisms has been defined, including the subversion of apoptosis and the production of genotoxins and pro-inflammatory factors. But the microbiota may also be protective: for example, they are implicated in the metabolism of dietary fibre to produce butyrate, a short chain fatty acid, which is anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic. Indeed, although our understanding of this immensely complex, highly individualised and multi-faceted relationship is expanding rapidly, many questions remain: Can we define friends and foes, and drivers and passengers? What are the critical functions of the microbiota in the context of colorectal neoplasia?
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Alexander
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Alasdair J Scott
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Anna L Pouncey
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - James Kinross
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Julian Teare
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
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28
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract, with high incidence and mortality. Most of CRC cases are diagnosed at the late stage, and the treatment effect is therefore poor. Thus, the prevention of CRC is particularly important. There have been many studies on the prevention of CRC in recent years. This paper will summarize the latest research on the primary prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng-Yuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Fliss-Isakov N, Kariv R, Webb M, Ivancovsky D, Margalit D, Zelber-Sagi S. Mediterranean dietary components are inversely associated with advanced colorectal polyps: A case-control study. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2617-2627. [PMID: 29962818 PMCID: PMC6021767 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between the Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern and its components, and advanced colorectal polyps (adenoma and serrated adenoma).
METHODS A case-control study among patients undergoing screening, diagnostic or surveillance colonoscopies during 2010-2015 at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Gastroenterology Department. Cases with advanced polyps were defined as: Advanced adenoma [> 10 mm, with features of high grade dysplasia (HGD) or villous histology], advanced serrated adenoma (> 10 mm or with dysplasia) or multiple (≥ 3) non-advanced adenomas or serrated adenomas. Cases of non-advanced adenomas were defined as adenomas < 10 mm, without features of HGD or villous histology. Controls were defined as those without polyps at the current colonoscopy and without a history of colorectal polyps. Data collection included: anthropometrics measured according to a standardized protocol, fasting blood tests performed at the same lab, medical history recorded by a structured interview and dietary intake evaluated by a 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the MD components was evaluated according to intake above/below the sample median, for potentially beneficial/detrimental components respectively, as accepted.
RESULTS We recruited 206 cases with advanced polyps, 192 cases with non-advanced adenoma and 385 controls. The number of adhered MD components was inversely associated with a diagnosis of advanced polyps in a dose-response manner (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.17-0.65; OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.11-0.43; and OR = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.07-0.47 for 3-4, 5-7 and 8-10 components, respectively), but not with non-advanced adenomas (OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.25-1.13; OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.23-0.99; and OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.16-1.12 for 3-4, 5-7 and 8-10 components, respectively). Low intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and red meat, as well as high intake of fish, were inversely associated with advanced polyps (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.36-0.87; OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.42-0.95; and OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.44-0.99, respectively), while only low intake of red meat was inversely associated with non-advanced adenomas (OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97).
CONCLUSION A better adherence to the MD, specifically low intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and red meat as well as high intake of fish, is related to lower odds for advanced polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Dana Ivancovsky
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Dana Margalit
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Bishehsari F, Engen PA, Preite NZ, Tuncil YE, Naqib A, Shaikh M, Rossi M, Wilber S, Green SJ, Hamaker BR, Khazaie K, Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. Dietary Fiber Treatment Corrects the Composition of Gut Microbiota, Promotes SCFA Production, and Suppresses Colon Carcinogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020102. [PMID: 29462896 PMCID: PMC5852598 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies propose a protective role for dietary fiber in colon cancer (CRC). One possible mechanism of fiber is its fermentation property in the gut and ability to change microbiota composition and function. Here, we investigate the role of a dietary fiber mixture in polyposis and elucidate potential mechanisms using TS4Cre × cAPCl°x468 mice. Stool microbiota profiling was performed, while functional prediction was done using PICRUSt. Stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites were measured. Histone acetylation and expression of SCFA butyrate receptor were assessed. We found that SCFA-producing bacteria were lower in the polyposis mice, suggesting a decline in the fermentation product of dietary fibers with polyposis. Next, a high fiber diet was given to polyposis mice, which significantly increased SCFA-producing bacteria as well as SCFA levels. This was associated with an increase in SCFA butyrate receptor and a significant decrease in polyposis. In conclusion, we found polyposis to be associated with dysbiotic microbiota characterized by a decline in SCFA-producing bacteria, which was targetable by high fiber treatment, leading to an increase in SCFA levels and amelioration of polyposis. The prebiotic activity of fiber, promoting beneficial bacteria, could be the key mechanism for the protective effects of fiber on colon carcinogenesis. SCFA-promoting fermentable fibers are a promising dietary intervention to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Phillip A Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Nailliw Z Preite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Yunus E Tuncil
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
| | - Ankur Naqib
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Stefan J Green
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
| | - Khashayarsha Khazaie
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
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